taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	FIGURE: A. Byrsonima alvimii (Kollmann 2279, MBML) B. Byrsonima bahiana (Oliveira 792, VIES), C. Byrsonima fanshawei (Folli 7555, HUFSJ), D. Byrsonima Japurensis (Demuner 59, MBML) Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Guarapari: Parque Estadual de Setiba, 6 June 1991, fr., L. V. Rosa 111 (VIES!); Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, 2 July 1999, fr., A. M. Assis 710 (VIES!); L. C. Fabris 739 (VIES!); ibidem, 25 November 1999, bud, fl., A. M. Assis 755 (VIES!); Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, 4 May 2009, fr., G. E. Valente 2597 (VIC); Setiba, 18 March 1991, fr., J. M. L. Gomes 1463 (VIES!); Setiba, 28 November 1990, fl., O. J. Pereira 2285 (VIES!). Santa Teresa: Aparecidinha, Terreno de Luis Bringhenti, 750 m, 6 October 1998, fl., L. Kollmann 666 (MBM, MBML!); ibidem, 9 November 1998, fl., L. Kollmann 905 (MBML!); ibidem, 29 March 1999, fr., L. Kollmann 2279 (MBML!); Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, 650 – 800 m, 27 July 1993, st., L. D. Thomaz 982 (MBML!, VIES!); Nova Lombardia, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 870 m, 21 January 2003, fr., R. R. Vervloet 1682 (MBML!); Santo Antônio, Terreno do Boza, 750 m, 7 October 1998, fl., L. Kollmann 708 (MBM, MBML!); ibidem, 29 October 1998, fl., L. Kollmann 876 (MBML!); ibidem, 800 m, 8 December 1998, fr., L. Kollmann 1256 (MBML!); Santo Henrique, beira de estrada, 26 January 2005, fr., L. Kollmann 7327 (MBML!); Vila Velha: Reserva Ecológica de Jacarenema, 28 June 2000, fr., O. J. Pereira 6229 (VIES!). Notes: — Byrsonima alvimii is endemic to Brazil, occurring only in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo in the domain of the Atlantic Forest (Francener 2020). According to the National Flora Conservation Center (CNCFlora 2021), the species is categorized as vulnerable. It is characterized by only bracts reflexed (bracteoles are non-reflexed), deciduous in the maturity, drupes verrucous, leaves glabrous to glabrescent on both sides, with few trichomes on midrib, and margin entire. It resembles B. cacaophila, but this last one has a thyrse of 1 – 2 flowered cincinnus, bracts, and bracteoles smaller (up to 2.4 mm long) and its drupes are smooth.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimen examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Conceição da Barra: Itaúnas, Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, Fazenda Jequitaia, 1 May 2010, fr., A. G. Oliveira 792 (VIES!). Notes: — Byrsonima bahiana is endemic of Brazil. Occurs in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Sergipe and Alagoas, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest (Francener 2020). According to the National Flora Conservation Center (CNCFlora 2021), is categorized as near threatened. Byrsonima bahiana has accrescent fleshy sepals on the drupes, the reddish color on the leaves margins and the midrib, and bracts and bracteoles deciduous after anthesis. In addition, the sepals on both sides are glabrous except for tiny hairs on the margin. It resembles B. alvimii, but the last has reflexed bracts, abaxial side of the sepals tomentose to sericeous and sepals not accrescent on the drupes.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Linhares: ES 440 Linhares a Regência, 20 January 2014, bud, fl., D. A. Folli 7175 (CVRD!, RB!); Reserva Natural da Vale, 02 February 1978. bud, fl., J. Spada 38 / 78 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); ibidem, 18 May 1995, fr., D. A. Folli 2615 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); ibidem, 13 January 2010, bud, fl., G. S. Siqueira 517 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); ibidem, 24 January 2005, bud, fl., D. A. Folli 5019 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); ibidem, 18 April 2013, fr., G. S. Siqueira 882 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); Reserva Natural da Vale, estrada Jacarandá-Caveuna, 41 m, 16 April 2011, fr., J. C. Lopes 174 (RB!). Marilândia: Liberdade, prop: Reinaldo Bautz, 19 ° 19 ’ 57 ” S, 40 ° 32 ’ 5 ” W, 400 – 500 m, 27 September 2006, fr., L. F. S. Magnago 1432 (MBML!). FIGURE: A. Byrsonima cacaophila (photo by F. Flores), B. Byrsonima coccolobifolia (photos by L. L. Alves), C. Byrsonima crassifolia (photo by C. F. Hall), D. Byrsonima crispa, detail of bracts and bracteoles strongly reflexed (photo by C. F. Hall), E. Byrsonima intermedia (photo by L. L. Alves). Notes: — Byrsonima cacaophila is endemic of Brazil. It occurs only in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo in the domain of the Atlantic Forest (Francener 2020). According to the National Flora Conservation Center (CNCFlora 2021), B. cacaophila is considered near threatened. It is characterized by the presence of a large peduncle (ca. 3 mm long), thyrse 1 – 2 flowered cincinnus, large petiole (ca. 10 mm long), bracts not-reflexed, drupes ca. 14 mm long. The exsiccate examined with flowers had a sericeous ovary, but they are at variance with the original description (Anderson 1982). B. cacaophila resembles B. perseifolia and B. alvimii as mentioned above.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Conceição da Barra: Área 157 da Aracruz Celulose S. A., 26 March 1992, fl., O. J. Pereira 3200 (VIES!); Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, 26 April 2000, bud., O. J. Pereira 6157 (VIES!).	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, São João del-Rei: loteamento Pinheiros, distrito do Rio das Mortes, 21 º 19 ’ 89 ” S, 44 º 34 ’ 42 ” W, 26 November 2017, bud., fl., L. L. Alves 227 (HUFSJ). Notes: — Byrsonima coccolobifolia occurs from Cuba descending from South America to Paraguay, passing through Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, and Brazil. In Brazil is widely distributed in all regions, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest, Amazonia, and Cerrado (Francener 2020). It is characterized by its leaves widely elliptic to ovate, base subcordate to cuneate, margins flat, apex rounded, usually midrib, and principal laterals veins pink, petiole absent or small (ca. 1.5 mm), bracts not reflexed. This species does not resemble any other of the 16 species in the study area.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Linhares: Área Experimental da Reserva Natural Vale, 20 April 2006, fr., G. S. Siqueira 250 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); ibidem, 29 September 2006, bud, fl., D. A. Folli 5361 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); Reserva Natural Vale, 08 January 1973, bud, fl., J. Spada 138 / 73 (CVRD!); ibidem, 05 January 1978, bud, fl., J. Spada 17 / 78 (CVRD!); ibidem, 24 July 1991, fr., G. L. Farias 461 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); ibidem, 17 July 2002, fr., D. A. Folli 4289 (CVRD!); ibidem, 8 April 2005, fr., D. A. Folli 5045 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!). Serra: Morro do Mestre Álvaro, 22 March 2010, fr., D. A. Folli 6593 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); Reserva Florestal, próximo a estrada X-I talhão 301, 25 January 1973, bud, fl., J. Spada 162 (CVRD!, RB!). Notes: — Byrsonima crassifolia is a widespread species, from Mexico and West Indies to South America, reaching Bolivia and Brazil (Francener 2020). Occurs in almost all Brazilian states, except the southern states and Rio de Janeiro, Acre, Alagoas, and Sergipe. Byrsonima crassifolia is characterized by yellow petals turning red or orange in age, thyrse 1 – 2 - flowered, the main axis ca. 10 cm long, glabrescent, tomentose to sericeous (hairs stalked), ovary and anther sericeous and drupes ca. 16 mm diam. Byrsonima crassifolia resembles B. alvimii, but it should be noted that the latter has glabrous leaves with few trichomes in the central vein, while B. crassifolia has tomentose leaves when young, deciduous with maturity, and when in flowers the colors the petals are different between these two species.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Águia Branca: Santa Luzia, prop. Ciro Ferreira, 18 ° 59 ’ 5.4 ” S, 40 ° 39 ’ 44.9 ” W, 150 – 270 m, 20 December 2007, bud, fl., V. Demuner 4843 (MBML!). Colatina: 30 January 1992, bud, fl., V. D. Souza 306 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!). Conceição da Barra: Reserva Biológica de Córrego Grande, km 3 a 4 da estrada interna, 13 July 2011, fr., M. Ribeiro 570 (VIES!). Marilândia: Estrada ES 356, 8 February 2012, fr., D. A. Folli 6845 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!). Notes: — Byrsonima crispa is a widespread species, from south of Central America and north of South America on Amazon Forest, with disjunct distribution on Atlantic Forest (Francener 2020). It is characterized by leaves elliptic, margin undulate, with acuminate apex, midrib and lateral veins prominulous, bracts and bracteoles strongly reflexed and usually persistent to maturity of the fruit, long petiole and sepals accrescent in fruit (Anderson 1981). Although bracts and bracteoles are usually persistent at maturity, one of the examined exsiccate did not preserve this characteristic (Folli 6845, HUFSJ). B. crispa resembles B. sericea, but the latter has a densely sericeous abaxial side and appressed bracts and bracteoles.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Conceição da Barra: Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande, 14 May 2017, fr., D. A. Folli 7555 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!). Linhares: Reserva Natural Vale, 19 June 2006, fr., D. A. Folli 5303 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!). Notes: — Byrsonima fanshawei occurs in Guyana and Brazil, in the states of Espírito Santo, Bahia, and Amazonas, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest and Amazon Forest (Francener et al. 2018). It resembles B. stipulacea, but the latter has longer and deciduous stipules (amplexicaul), stellate leaf-hairs, and is larger, while B. fanshawei is shorter, persistent stipules (sometimes deciduous), shortly-stalked T-shaped leaf-hairs, and by small fruits (Anderson 1981).	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimen examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Santa Teresa: Pedra da Paulista, 17 February 2000, bud, fl., fr., V. Demuner 741 (MBML!). Notes: — Byrsonima intermedia occurs in Paraguay and Brazil, in the states of Pará, Tocantins, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest, Amazonia, Cerrado and Pantanal (Francener 2020). It is characterized by size – shrubs, ca. 1 m tall, leaves elliptic to lanceolate, base attenuate, apex rounded to acute, abaxial side slightly sericeous in the midrib, adaxial side glabrous, bracts not reflexed, yellow petals becoming orange or red in age. It resembles B. crassifolia but it has the abaxial side of the leaves tomentose when young, connective surpassing the anther sacs (0.4 – 0.5 mm length) and ovary sericeous. B. intermedia is recorded for the first time for the Espírito Santo state.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE16572252FFB6FF3F2B8EFA4267C9.taxon	description	Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Santa Teresa: Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, trilha do palmiteiro, 30 September 1999, fr., V. Demuner 59 (MBML!); Reserva Biológica de Nova Lombardia, December 1989, st. L. P. S. Pinto s. n. (BHCB!, MBML!). Notes: — Byrsonima Japurensis occurs in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The Brazilian territory has a wide distribution of these species: in the north, northeast, and southeast regions, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest and Amazonia (Francener 2020). Leaves obovate to elliptical, petiole ca. 8.5 mm long, densely tomentose, the main axis ca. 7.5 mm long, densely tomentose, bracts non-reflexed and deciduous at maturity, characterize B. Japurensis. It resembles B. perseifolia but it has a larger petiole (ca. 12 mm long), glabrescent to slightly sericeous, the main axis ca. 6 mm long, slightly sericeous, and smaller drupes (ca. 8.5 mm). FIGURE: A. Byrsonima ligustrifolia (photo by R. F. de Almeida), B. Byrsonima stipulacea, detail of the amplexicaule stipules and starshaped trichome (photo by M. Pastore), C. Byrsonima vernicosa (Vervloet 1940, MBML), D. Byrsonima sericea (Fontana 664, MBML)	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
03DE1657225AFFB5FF212AE8FBD0633F.taxon	description	Trees, ca. 10 m tall. Stipules ca. 1.5 × 1.4 mm, ovate. Leaf blades ca. 9.8 × 3.8 cm, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, base attenuate, margins flat, apex acuminate, both sides glabrescent, sericeous on midrib, midrib prominulous on both sides, principal laterals veins ca. 13, impress on both sides; petioles ca. 12 × 1 mm, glabrescent to sericeous. Thyrse of 1 – 2 - flowered cincinnus, with ca. 50 flowers, the main axis ca. 5.6 cm long, sericeous; bracts ca. 12 × 0.7 mm, triangular, sericeous on both sides, non-reflexed; peduncles ca. 3.3 × 0.9 mm; bracteoles not seen, [according to Rolim (2004), 2 – 2.5 × 0.5 – 1.5 mm, lanceolate, ovate to triangular, non-reflexed]; pedicels ca. 0.7 – 7.6 mm, sericeous. Flowers not seen [according to Rolim (2004), sepals ca. 2.5 × 1.7 mm, both side glabrous, sericeous to tomentose, triangular to ovate, not accrescent on the drupes; glands 2.1 – 3.7 × 0.9 – 1.3 mm; lateral petals white to pink becoming red in age, blade ca. 3.7 × 4.7 mm, claw ca. 1.8 × 0.6 mm, margin subentire to slightly erose; posterior petal white to pink becoming red in age with the claw yellow, blade ca. 3.5 – 4 × 3.5 – 5 mm, claw ca. 2.1 × 0.8 – 1.1 mm, margin subentire to erose. Stamens free at base, homomorphic, anthers glabrous, connectives 2.1 – 2.5 × 0.8 mm, surpassing the anther sacs (0.1 – 1 mm in length); filaments 2.5 – 2.9 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, sericeous at base. Ovary glabrous, styles 2.1 – 4.1 mm long]. Drupes ca. 12.2 × 11.4 mm, glabrescent to sericeous, verrucous, globose. Specimen examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Linhares: 27 February 2015, fr., D. A. Folli 7347 (CVRD!, HUFSJ!); Marilândia, Alto Liberdade, 19 º 21 ’ 13 ’’ S, 40 º 31 ’ 1 ” W, 19 April 2006, fl., L. F. S. Magnago 942 (SP, MBML); Venda Nova, Conceição do Castelo, 20 August 1987, fr., G. M. Hatschbach 51336 (INPA, CEPEC, MO, FLOR, UPCB, US, SP, MBM). Notes: — Byrsonima ligustrifolia is endemic to Brazil, it is distributed from the state of Bahia to southern Brazil within the Atlantic Forest domain (Francener 2020). Its main features are the lanceolate leaves with acuminate apex and flowers with laterals petals white to pink and posterior petal white to pink becoming red in age with the claw yellow (Rolim 2004), ovary glabrous and anthers and inflorescence axis tomentose.	en	Alves, Livia Lara, Francener, Augusto, Costa, Maria Tereza R., Sobral, Marcos (2021): Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 511 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.1.1
