identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DF87A291485100C0DEFE289799FC9B.text	03DF87A291485100C0DEFE289799FC9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Askeptosaurus italicus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Askeptosaurus italicus</p>
            <p>Vertebrae</p>
            <p> Te transverse sections of the two sampled caudal vertebrae of  Askeptosaurus italicus (PIMUZ T 4839_vert_a &amp;_b) are highly laterally compressed. Te original morphology of the centra is collapsed, resulting in a thin, elongated rod-like shape of the vertebral sections </p>
            <p>(Fig. 1A). In addition, numerous large parallel and smaller intercalated cracks run in a roughly lateromedial direction across the entire vertebrae. Tose cracks are widened and filled by an opaque (i.e., black) mineral phase</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1A–G). Furthermore, isolated patches of opaque mineral growth also occur in the periosteal and endosteal tissue (Fig. 1A–G). Te transition (i.e., neurocentral suture) between centrum and neural arch cannot be identified. Te heavily compressed centrum still allows the identification of a rather thin compacta that encompasses a formerly spongious area. that Te spongious region consists of (now collapsed) secondary trabeculae made of lamellar bone permeated by rare local patches of calcified cartilage (Fig. 1C). Te slender neural spine is compressed as well, but the original, more compact structure is better preserved here than the spongious structure of the centrum (Fig. 1B). A rhombic medullary region filled by endosteal bone is surrounded by an avascular and highly organized coarse parallel-fibred tissue (Fig. 1A, B). Te rest of the compact cortex consists of a poorly vascularized to avascular coarse parallel-fibred tissue that is locally less (Fig. 1E) or more strongly organized (Fig. 1G).</p>
            <p>Te collagenous scaffolding of the parallel-fibred bone is so coarse and thick that it locally forms a honeycomb-like pattern due to the crossing of the single thick collagen fibers (Fig. 1E). Locally, Sharpey’s fibers enter the cortex at high angles, and the opaque mineral phase basically follows this arrangement (Fig. 1D, F, G) (see Konietzko-Meier &amp; Sander, 2013 for similar diagenetically affected fibers). Only very few small, mainly longitudinal primary osteons (Fig. 1F) and simple longitudinal vascular canals are identified. Te latter as well as osteocyte lacunae are largely obscured by the opaque mineral phase (Fig. 1F, G). Te cortex is in general less organized in PIMUZ T 4839_vert_b when compared to PIMUZ T 4839_vert_a. However, the latter shows a lesser amount of calcified cartilage. Due to the heavily compacted shape of the vertebrae, overall vertebral compactness cannot be estimated. In the outer cortical layer, bone compactness is nearly 100%.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87A291485100C0DEFE289799FC9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klein, N.;Sander, P. M.;Liu, J.;Druckenmiller, P.;Metz, E. T.;Kelley, N. P.;Scheyer, T. M.	Klein, N., Sander, P. M., Liu, J., Druckenmiller, P., Metz, E. T., Kelley, N. P., Scheyer, T. M. (2023): Comparative bone histology of two thalattosaurians (Diapsida: Thalattosauria): ASKeptoSaURUS ItalICUS from the Alpine Triassic (Middle Triassic) and a Thalattosauroidea indet. from the Carnian of Oregon (Late Triassic). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (15) 142 (1): 1-20, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-023-00277-3, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00277-3
