taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DC87A9FFAFA41CFF3EFEF6B1D8FE01.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex tubercularis Montagu, 1803, by original designation.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFAFA41FFF3EFDF2B2FDFF05.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 2)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFAFA41FFF3EFDF2B2FDFF05.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MCZ 186075. Type locality. Jamaica. Material examined. The holotype and: USA: -- Florida: Naples, Jacob P. Mitchell coll., vii / 2007: BMSM 81286 [4 * p]; Sebastian Inlet, M. Krisberg coll., 01 / i / 1999: MNRJ 17992 [1 * p]; Cedar Point, Sarasota Bay, Northrop coll., vi / 1956: MNRJ 54887 [2 * p]; off Florida, Northrop coll., vii / 1956: MNRJ 54898 [1 * p]; Brazil: -- Maranhão state: 01 ° 49 ′ S, 42 ° 55 ′ W, 62 m, Oceanographic Ship “ Amorim do Vale ” coll., 22 / xi / 2008: MZSP 95577 [1]; Parcel Manoel Luís, 15 / i / 2008: IBUFRJ 17546 [1]; -- Ceará state: Paracuru, xii / 2009: CMPHRM 2930 B [1]; -- Pernambuco state: Praia de Jaguaribe, Ilha de Itamaracá, P. Maestrati coll., 1983 – 1989: MNHN [3 * p]; MNHN [3 *]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, O. Falcão coll., 03 / iv / 1997: IBUFRJ 14146 [1 *]; Praia de Itapuã, Salvador, J. Vaz coll., 22 / vii / 1975: MZSP 155546 [1 lv]; Praia de Itapuã, Salvador, L. Trinchão coll., vii / 1975: MZSP 155508 [4 lv]; -- Espírito Santo state: Praia de Camburi, Vitória, L. Simone coll., 04 / vii / 2008: MZSP 88024 [1 lv]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: Praia da Tartaruga, Búzios, F. Noel coll., 26 / v / 2005: IBUFRJ 15246 [2 *]; Praia Azeda, Búzios, M. Fernandes & L. Souza coll., 15 / iii / 2015: MNRJ 26853 [18 lv * p]; Arraial do Cabo, 17 / iii / 2005: MZSP 105884 [2 lv]; Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, F. Noel coll., 23 / iv / 2005: MNRJ 33005 [2 * p]; Baía de Guanabara, Ugo Balsini coll., iii / 1977: MORG ex – 19330 [1 *]; Ilhas Maricás, Maricá, M. Fernandes & L. Souza coll., 12 / ii / 2015: MNRJ 34238 [58 lv * p]; -- São Paulo state: Ilha da Serraria, Ilhabela: MZSP 103939 [2 lv]; Praia do Portinho, llhabela, F. Santos, V. Amaral & P. Lima coll., 22 / xi / 2009: MZSP 92738 [5 lv]; -- Santa Catarina state: Florianópolis: MZSP 8336 [1].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFAFA41FFF3EFDF2B2FDFF05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis gemmulosa (Figs 1 – 2) was originally described from Jamaica (C. B. Adams, 1850) and its holotype (Fig. 1 A – B) was figured for the first time by Clench & Turner (1950). Although this species was cited by Abbott (1974) from the Atlantic coast of the USA, by Odé (1989) from the Gulf of Mexico, and by Dunker (1875) and Lange-de-Morretes (1949) from south Brazil (these Brazilian records were followed by Rios 1994) - These records after the original description did not provide illustrations or descriptions of new material, except for the reproduction of the holotype image in some cases. It was only by the end of the 20 th century that new specimens of C. gemmulosa (from the Caribbean) were figured and described: Rolán & Espinosa (1996) studied material from Cuba; Rolán et al. (2007) presented illustrations of radula and operculum; Collin (2004) studied its development; Krisberg (2010 a) studied material from Florida (USA); Rolán et al. (2012) described the protoconch. The holotype of C. gemmulosa (Fig. 1 A – B) is a large shell of about 5 mm long but lacking the protoconch (which was merely described as “ apex acute ” in the original description) and bearing a concave base with a partly broken outer lip (Fig. 2 H). It is uniformly brown colored and sculptured with small, rounded nodules arranged in the typical pattern of most Cerithiopsis species, with three spiral cords, regularly spaced; the axial ribs are distinctly visible between the nodules (Fig. 2 H). The morphology of the holotype contrasts with a common shell morphology in specimens from Florida, USA (Fig. 1 G – J), which have larger and closely adjacent rounded nodules with weak axial ribs between them; besides that, the number of axial ribs is much greater in the holotype (31 on sixth teleoconch whorl vs. 18 in the same whorl of the shell in Fig. 1 G). The overall shell shape is also somewhat distinct in shells from Florida, being more acuminate; the base of the shell presents a median basal cord, below the subperipheral cord (but the base of the holotype is supposedly incomplete). Specimens figured by Krisberg (2010 a), also from Florida, present this pattern, and are called “ non-holotype morph ” herein. Judging from the figures in Rolán & Espinosa (1996: figures 7 – 9), both morphs were found in the samples from Cuba, although such variation was not mentioned by the authors. The shells in figures 7 and 8 of that paper are more closely related to the holotype, whereas that in figure 9 presents the pattern of the “ non-holotype morph ”. Rolán & Espinosa (1996), Krisberg (2010 a) and Rolán et al. (2012) figured protoconchs of specimens from Cuba and Florida, which are conical with slightly convex smooth whorls. Rolán & Espinosa (1996) recorded 3.5 protoconch whorls, and Krisberg (2010 a) four whorls; in both cases, the teleoconch corresponds to the “ non-holotype morph ”. The shells from Florida herein examined present protoconchs as described above, with 3.5 to 4 whorls (Fig. 2 A – B), but very tiny granules are seen in the suture and are scarce above it. Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) described two species from Martinique and Guadeloupe: Cerithiopsis altiusae, based on shells much similar to the “ non-holotype morph ” in teleoconch sculpture, but smaller; and Cerithiopsis etiennei, based on shells much similar to the holotype, with the same feature of visible axial ribs between nodules in teleoconch whorls, and sculpture pattern on the base, with small axial riblets close to the suture in the protoconch. Previous literature records of Cerithiopsis gemmulosa from Brazil are very dubious, except that by Lange-de-Morretes (1949), probably following the record by Dunker (1875), whose material could be tracked in MZSP 8336 (Fig. 1 K) and shows a shell very similar to the “ non-holotype morph ” (Fig. 1 G – H). The record of C. gemmulosa by Rios (2009) is associated with a figure that corresponds to Cerithiopsis lata and erroneously indicates synonymies with C. iota (C. B. Adams, 1845) and C. albovittata (C. B. Adams, 1850); the latter is a valid and quite different species, discussed below. Shells representing the two morphs are found in Brazil. Shells in Fig. 1 C – F are similar to the holotype, with the same pattern of numerous and distinct axial ribs, small nodules, although they present a different color of light yellow / white surface (but some shells seem worn). Shells in Fig. 1 L – O belong to the “ non-holotype morph ” and are also remarkably like C. altiusae. The only difference is that these Brazilian shells are considerably smaller and have larger protoconchs of 4.5 – 5 whorls (Fig. 2 C – D, F – G) when compared to those from Cuba of 3.5 – 4.0 whorls, but similarly to shells from Florida. Some other shells from northeast to southeast Brazil (Fig. 1 P – T) are also in the holotype morph (less acuminate shells, with a non-sculptured base and visible axial threads on teleoconch sculpture) and have an almost entirely white shell. They are very similar to one paratype of C. etiennei, also a white shell (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020: plate 12, figures 2 d – f). Based on the available conchological data, it would be highly speculative to relate the available names C. gemmulosa, C. altiusae and C. etiennei to the morphological variation mentioned above. The protoconch of the holotype morph is unknown and the evaluation of variability of shell sculpture depends on the study of new samples from the type locality (Jamaica), currently unavailable. In a study of larval development of C. gemmulosa, Collin (2004) recognized the difficulty to properly identify the species and stated that “ this identification should be considered provisional ”. Also, Odé (1989) considered the complex including C. gemmulosa and C. greenii. Members of this complex of very similar species along the western Atlantic cannot be properly distinguished from each other solely based on shell morphology. New material (especially from Jamaica), anatomical and genetic data are needed. Geographic distribution. The geographic distribution of the C. gemmulosa species complex, based on the material herein studied as well as literature records, includes localities in the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic and Tropical Northwestern Atlantic provinces, ranging from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to south Brazil (North Brazil Shelf, Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic). However, this distribution should be considered with caution because of the mentioned problems with the identification of species from this complex.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFABA419FF3EFF46B18AFF05.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFABA419FF3EFF46B18AFF05.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MCZ 186134. Holotype of synonymous Cerithiopsis buijsei: ZMA 387069, Curaçao / Aruba. Type locality. Jamaica. Material examined. The holotypes and: Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pedras Pretas, P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [6 *], MNHN [1 * p]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, 12 ° 52 ʹS, 38 ° 35 ʹW, 24 m, O. Falcão coll., 1997: IBUFRJ 12910 [1], IBUFRJ 12911 [9], IBUFRJ 12912 [5], IBUFRJ 12913 [8], IBUFRJ 12914 [1], IBUFRJ 12915 [2], IBUFRJ 12916 [2]; Guarita Island, Abrolhos; A. Silveira & L. Laurino coll., ii / 1987: MORG 26992 [1 *]; Abrolhos, i / 1980: MORG 48806 [2 *]; -- Espírito Santo state: Aracruz; V. Abud coll., viii / 1998: MORG 29056 [6 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 31: IBUFRJ 12918 [2]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 15817 [1]; off Piúma, 1993: IBUFRJ 8504 [36]; HAB 13 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16263 [1 * p]; -- Vitória-Trindade Chain: Vitória Seamount, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 62: IBUFRJ 12917 [4]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 12 m, x / 2005: MNRJ 16288 [3 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 12 m, 19 – 22 / iii / 2004: MNRJ 30852 [3 *], MNRJ 15405 [43 lv * p], MNRJ 33388 [1 * p]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – D 3: IBUFRJ 19596 [1 *]; Itaipú, Niterói, R. Absalão coll., i / 1983: MORG 48801 [2 *]; Porto do Açu, São João da Barra, vii / 2002: MZSP 111191 [6]; Praia da Figueira, Angra dos Reis, 23 ° 01 ʹ 30 ʺS, 44 ° 19 ʹ 30 ʺW, C. Alvarenga coll.; 1998: IBUFRJ 13661 [26]; off Angra dos Reis: MZSP 46336 [2 lv]; Ilha Deserta, Paraty, Baía da Ilha Grande, RAP IG sta. 4: ex – UERJ 4013 [7]; -- São Paulo state: Ilha Vitória, Parcel dos Piratas: MZSP 109848 [1].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFABA419FF3EFF46B18AFF05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Rios (2009) recorded Cerithiopsis lata from Brazil based on a worn shell without protoconch but showing the typical color pattern of orange / brownish adapical and median spiral cords. This color pattern is often mentioned for C. lata in the literature about Caribbean material (e. g., Redfern 2001, 2013; Rolán et al. 2007), and is also present in the holotype (Fig. 3 A – B), but with varying shades. The same color variation occurs in shells from Brazil, comprising those more like the holotype (Fig. 3 D) to others with a darker brown color (Fig. 3 F – G) or intermediary color shades (Fig. 3 D). The dark shells were also illustrated by Redfern (2013) (Bahamas) and Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) (Martinique). Additionally, a slight variation in the shell shape was observed: Redfern (2013) illustrated slender shells (not as pupoid) with sharper nodules, a form that was also observed in some Brazilian shells (Fig. 3 E). Other remarkable distinguishing features of this species are the nodulose subperipheral cord (Fig. 3 I), with the same coloration of the adapical spiral cord (Fig. 3 A – F), and the fine striae on the base, below the basal cord (Fig. 3 I). The protoconch is almost always broken off, but it was preserved in a few shells (Fig. 3 K – N). Although slightly eroded, it is possible to recognize its subcylindrical shape (Fig. 3 L, N), without sculpture, except for some microscopic granules close to the suture (Fig. 3 M). This is similar to the description by Redfern (2013); Rolán et al. (2007) mentioned a protoconch with up to four smooth whorls. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis lata is largely cited in the western Atlantic, including records from the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic and Tropical Northwestern Atlantic provinces, ranging from North Carolina to Venezuela, including all Caribbean region. In Brazil, it is herein confirmed from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Provinces, from Pernambuco to São Paulo states, including Abrolhos and Vitória Seamount. Littoral to 110 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA9A41BFF3EFF46B15BFD1C.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA9A41BFF3EFF46B15BFD1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by Rolán et al. 2007): USNM 221615. Type locality. Bermuda. Material examined. Brazil: -- Alagoas state: 02 / ii / 2011: CMPHRM 3047 B [1]; -- Bahia state: Morro de São Paulo, Praia de Garapuá, 2011: MZSP 101257 [1 lv], MZSP 100879 [2 lv]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: Praia de João Fernandinho, Búzios, 6 m, M. Fernandes coll., 04 / ii / 2021: MNRJ 61110 [1 lv]; Praia Azeda, Búzios, 6 m, M. Fernandes coll., 05 / ii / 2021: MNRJ 61124 [1 lv]; RAP IG sta. 3: UERJ 3614 [1]; RAP IG sta. 4: UERJ 4675 [10], UERJ 4001 [7]; RAP IG sta. 5: UERJ 5887 [2]; RAP IG sta. 12: UERJ 5661 [8]; RAP IG sta. 13: UERJ 4630 [1]; RAP IG sta. 20: UERJ 5852 [1]; RAP IG sta. 21: UERJ 5801 [10]; RAP IG sta. 24: UERJ 4932 [1]; RAP IG sta. 31: UERJ 5177 [5]; RAP IG sta. 32: UERJ 5611 [7]; RAP IG sta. 34: UERJ 5237 [1]; RAP IG sta. 35: UERJ 3640 [1]; -- São Paulo state: Praia do Pecê, Ilha Santo Amaro, Guarujá: MZSP 81013 [25]; -- Paraná state: Ilha dos Ratos, de Fiore coll.: MZSP 52127 [11].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA9A41BFF3EFF46B15BFD1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Redfern (2001) listed Cerithiopsis io Dall & Bartsch, 1911 as a synonym of C. lata, but he later considered it a valid species (Redfern 2013), following Rolán et al. (2007), who designated the shell in USNM 221615 as the lectotype. Rolán et al. (2007) distinguished both species mainly due to the colored spiral band of C. io being restricted to the adapical spiral cord, as well as some minor differences in the size of nodules. Barros (1994) recorded C. io from Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil), but without illustrations, and the material could not be tracked for examination. However, examination of lots in Brazilian collections as well as recent samplings confirmed that C. io occurs in Brazil (Fig. 4), based on shells very similar to those figured by Rolán et al. (2007) from Cuba, in which the coloured spiral band is restricted to the adapical row of nodules in each teleoconch whorl. In C. lata, the coloured band extends to the median row of nodules, in a variable degree in different specimens. In some cases, as the holotype of C. lata, such feature is not visible in the frontal view of the shell, but in the dorsal one (Fig. 3 B). Besides that, C. io has an often smaller and ovoid shell shape. Preliminary genetic results corroborate this distinction in specimens from Brazil (Fernandes et al., in prep.). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis io is recorded from the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic (Florida, Bermuda, Bahamas, Guadeloupe, Martinique). From Brazil, it is herein confirmed from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Provinces, from Pernambuco to Paraná states. Littoral to 80 m (Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020; this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA8A404FF3EFCCFB0E2F9D0.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA8A404FF3EFCCFB0E2F9D0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype MNRJ 15391. Paratype: IBUFRJ 14137 [1], type locality. Type locality. Brazil, off Espírito Santo State, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38 (19 ° 28 ʹ 26 ʺS, 38 ° 22 ʹ 30 ʺW, 71 m).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA8A404FF3EFCCFB0E2F9D0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word pisinnus = small, little. The species is named for its very small-sized shell and protoconch; also, an allusion to its rarity, currently known by two shells only.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA8A404FF3EFCCFB0E2F9D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protoconch quite small in relation to the shell; area above suture forming a deeply depressed concave region; outer lip strongly crenulated, forming deep channels in inner surface of aperture.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA8A404FF3EFCCFB0E2F9D0.taxon	description	Description. Shell pupoid, slightly inflated, small, reaching 2.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, ratio length / width 2.2 – 2.5. Protoconch white, smooth, 329 – 354 μm long, 202 – 218 μm wide, quite small when compared to the teleoconch, 3.25 whorls of very convex outline, the first one dome-shaped: transition from protoconch to teleoconch with five sinuous well-defined scars. Teleoconch with up to 4.75 whorls of convex profile; color light brown; suture shallow and indistinct; sculpture formed by three nearly equidistant spiral cords and about 18 orthocline axial ribs on the fourth whorl, with squared interspaces; medium-sized, rounded nodules (occupying 42 – 47 % of body whorl length); protuberant spiral cords and axial ribs, with cords slightly more prominent than ribs; adapical spiral cord located quite close to the suture, abapical cord separated from suture by a deeply depressed region; adapical spiral cord initially smaller, reaching a similar size than other cords in the fourth whorl; nearly smooth subperipheral cord; base concave and possibly incomplete in both shells, although two very thin (almost indistinct) and close spiral cords occur; aperture elliptical, reaching 0.65 – 0.70 mm long, 0.43 – 0.45 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.4 – 1.6; outer lip crenulated due to projections of spiral sculpture of body whorl, which form deep channels in the inner surface of aperture.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFA8A404FF3EFCCFB0E2F9D0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis pisinna sp. nov. has a very small and somewhat pupoid shell (Fig. 5) that distinguishes it from the other species from Brazil. The most similar Cerithiopsis species from the Western Atlantic are also small, such as Cerithiopsis portoi Rolán & Espinosa, 1996 and Cerithiopsis fuscoflava Rolán & Espinosa, 1996, from Cuba, Cerithiopsis krisbergi Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, from Florida (USA), Cerithiopsis vicola Dall & Bartsch, 1911, from Bermuda, and Cerithiopsis satisnodosa Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2010, from Mexico. Cerithiopsis vicola has a banded coloured shell, with the adapical spiral cord brown or light orange, similarly to C. io, while in C. pisinna the teleoconch is uniformly light brown (Fig. 5 A). Cerithiopsis krisbergi and C. portoi have very short interspaces between the nodules on teleoconch whorls and more pupoid shell shapes. Besides that, the protoconch of C. krisbergi has a spiral cord at the abapical portion of body whorls and the protoconch of C. portoi is considerably wider. Cerithiopsis fuscoflava has a very short (but wider) protoconch of around two whorls, and median spiral cord of teleoconch slightly more prominent than other cords. Cerithiopsis satisnodosa also has a more inflated protoconch, with a less acuminated apex. Two species from Guadeloupe are also similar to C. pisinna: Cerithiopsis bouchonorum Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020 and Cerithiopsis cabritensis Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020, especially regarding the small, whitish protoconch and the broad teleoconch. Cerithiopsis pisinna has a darker teleoconch but whiter protoconch than C. cabritensis. The teleoconch of C. pisinna is darker and more homogeneous (without distinction of color patterns between spiral cords) than C. bouchonorum, and the protoconch of C. bouchonorum seems to be more variable, reaching up to four whorls (according to the description, but it appears to reach nearly five whorls — Cecalupo & Perugia 2020: pl. 3, fig. 2 c — vs. 3.25 whorls in C. pisinna) and with a broad or narrow shape (respectively in the holotype and paratype). Either C. cabritensis and C. bouchonorum do not have sinuous scars in the transition from the protoconch to the teleoconch, as observed in C. pisinna. Cerithiopsis jeffreysi R. B. Watson, 1885, from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean, presents a very similar teleoconch sculpture and smooth protoconch if compared to C. pisinna. Their main differences are the cylindrical brown protoconch of C. jeffreysi with around four whorls (van Aartsen et al. 1984; Manousis et al. 2018, 2023, Öztürk et al. 2008), while in C. pisinna it has only three whorls, a less cylindrical shape and the whorls are more convex, besides the five sinuous well-defined scars in the transition from protoconch to teleoconch. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Only known from the type locality, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (Espírito Santo State), from 71 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB7A406FF3EF980B0F4FC19.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB7A406FF3EF980B0F4FC19.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype MNRJ 20000; Paratypes: Brazil: -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 20652 [8]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: 23 ° 04 ʹ 48 ʺS, 40 ° 58 ʹ 30 ʺW, 100 m: MNRJ 33009 [1], MZSP 131830 [1]; HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16198 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. C 4: MNRJ 16505 [2]; HAB 16 sta. E 4: MNRJ 16506 [1]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, viii / 2002: MNRJ 31365 [1]; type locality: MNRJ 16504 [3]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state, continental shelf of Campos Basin, HAB 16 sta. B 4 (23 ° 10 ʹ 01 ʺS, 41 ° 03 ʹ 13 ʺW, 107 m). Additional material. BRAZIL: -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 14142 [12]; HAB 17 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16508 [1 *]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16507 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16197 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16513 [3 lv *]; HAB 13 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16196 [3 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / xi / 2003: MNRJ 31359 [1 *]; 23 ° 05 ʹS, 40 ° 58 ʹW, 100 m, 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 31351 [2 *]; 23 ° 13 ʹ 30 ʺS, 41 ° 02 ʹ 20 ʺW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32049 [1 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB7A406FF3EF980B0F4FC19.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word aeneus = brazen, of bronze, of cooper. This species is named after its bronzed color.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB7A406FF3EF980B0F4FC19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Teleoconch with sharp sculpture and color pattern of bronze spots of irregular shape and disposition, often axial.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB7A406FF3EF980B0F4FC19.taxon	description	Description. Shell turriform, elongated, somewhat translucent, reaching 3.6 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, ratio length / wide 3.3 to 3.6. Protoconch white, 380 – 430 μm long, 225 – 244 μm wide, subcylindrical, with 3.75 – 4.0 whorls of convex outline, the first one dome-shaped; first and second whorls covered with microscopic granules, remaining whorls with less dense granules, concentrated below and above suture; a spiral cord appears in the second or third whorl, situated immediately above the suture (with a distance of 13 – 16 % of whorl length), and abruptly disappears after less than one whorl. Teleoconch with up to seven whorls of convex profile; coloration white, with irregular bronze spots mainly distributed in an axial pattern, encompassing either of the spiral cords or the spaces between them; suture demarcated by a very thin spiral cord; sculpture of three spiral cords per whorl, crossed by orthocline axial ribs thinner than the spirals, forming a reticulated sculpture and well-projected, sharp, but small nodules (occupying 28 – 34 % of body whorl length); around 15 axial ribs on sixth whorl; adapical spiral cord very close to the suture above and smaller than other cords, reaching a similar size on the body whorl; wide interspaces between spiral cords, about 3 x the cord width and forming rectangular depressions with growth lines; subperipheral cord nearly smooth or slightly wavy; base concave, with three or four microscopic spiral lines below subperipheral cord; one smooth, thin basal cord, with microscopic spiral lines below it; aperture small, elliptical, 0.50 – 0.57 mm long, 0.34 – 0.37 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.5; very short anterior canal; inner lip slightly projected over parietal region.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB7A406FF3EF980B0F4FC19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis aenea sp. nov. (Fig. 6 A – H) is easily distinguished from other species by its coloration pattern of irregular bronze spots over the teleoconch, with a main axial disposition (Fig. 6 A – B). The most similar species from the western Atlantic is Cerithiopsis singularis Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2013 (originally described as C. infrequens Rolán, Espinosa & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, a preoccupied name), reported from Cuba, Nicaragua and Martinique, showing a similar turriform shell shape and teleoconch sculpture of sharp nodules (Rolán et al. 2007; Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). They also share a similar protoconch morphology, but C. singularis from the type locality has apparently one more whorl (Rolán et al. 2007). Specimens from Martinique have the same number of protoconch whorls as found in the material studied herein (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). Their main difference between C. singularis and C. aenea sp. nov. is the color pattern: C. singularis has a characteristic brown spiral band covering the suture, adapical and median spiral cords, but not the summit of the nodules; in C. aenea, the bronze spots are irregularly (but often axially) spaced and they may cover any spiral cord, including the summit of the nodules (Fig. 6 A – B). In addition, the protoconch of C. aenea has minute granules (mainly distinct in the initial whorls) and a late emergence of a thin spiral cord, close to the suture (Fig. 6 G – H), while the protoconch of C. singularis was described as smooth, with a small cord in the suture. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. From Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro states, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province. From 71 m to 120 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB5A406FF3EFBCBB331F808.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB5A406FF3EFBCBB331F808.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNHN – IM – 2000 – 34811. Type locality. Martinique, Macouba, N Pointe de Macouba, 15 m. Material examined. The holotype and: Brazil: -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, 12 ° 53 ʹS, 38 ° 42 ʹW, 24 m, O. Falcão coll., 22 / iv / 1997: IBUFRJ 20651 [2]; Parcel de Paredes, Alcobaça, 2 – 3 m, P. J. Souza Jr. & E. Gonçalves coll., i / 2000: MZSP 56315 [1], MZSP 46307 [2]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 17367 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 34310 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. E 3: MNRJ 16270 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. F 3: MNRJ 16509 [3 *]; HAB 16 sta. E 3: MNRJ 16512 [1 *]; HAB 17 sta. C 2: MNRJ 16511 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. C 2: MNRJ 16272 [1 * p]; HAB 11 sta. B 3: MNRJ 16271 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. B 2: MNRJ 16268 [1 * p]; Rio das Ostras: MZSP 63323 [1]; Arraial do Cabo, 2011: MZSP 155541 [1].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB5A406FF3EFBCBB331F808.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis rabilleri was described based on a single shell from Martinique. The original description mentioned the presence of minute grains in the suture of the protoconch. Although it is not visible in the printed plate of that species by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020), examination of high-resolution image of the holotype in the MNHN molluscs collection dataset (https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / 2860632301) reveals the existence of very short axial threads in the suture of the somewhat eroded protoconch, which are also present in some shells from Brazil (Fig. 7 H – J), depending on the preservational condition of the protoconch. Cerithiopsis rabilleri is similar to Cerithiopsis gordaensis Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2010, from Cuba. Both have similar teleoconch shape and sculpture. The minor differences are in the protoconch: C. gordaensis has 2.5 – 3 protoconch whorls, while in Cerithiopsis rabilleri has up to 5 whorls (Fig. 7 G); regarding other aspects of the protoconch, such as the smooth convex whorls, they are nearly identical. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Martinique) and in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (Bahia and Rio de Janeiro states). From 2 m to 110 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB4A401FF3EFA30B0F4FA35.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB4A401FF3EFA30B0F4FA35.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNRJ 30000. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Espírito Santo State: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 14140 [5], IBUFRJ 20647 [3]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 m, 2007: MNRJ 31361 [1]; HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16253 [8]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16514 [4], MZSP 131831 [3]; type locality: MNRJ 16261 [13]. Type locality: Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state, continental shelf of Campos Basin, HAB 11 sta. G 3, (22 ° 03 ʹ 41 ʺS, 40 ° 10 ʹ 05 ʺW, 75 m) Additional material. Brazil: -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 12903 [2], IBUFRJ 20645 [12]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 24: IBUFRJ 13896 [2]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 19625 [9], IBUFRJ 19624 [6]; HAB 17 sta. I 4: MNRJ 16526 [1 *]; HAB 17 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16525 [3 *]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – D 3: IBUFRJ 19632 [2]; HAB 13 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16262 [3 * p]; HAB 16 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16523 [8 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 2; MNRJ 16260 [2 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16522 [2 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 1: MNRJ 16254 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16524 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 26893 [19 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16519 [19 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 4: MNRJ 16520 [2 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 5: MNRJ 16521 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. D 5: MNRJ 16518 [3 *]; HAB 16 sta. C 3: MNRJ 16516 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. C 5: MNRJ 16256 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. C 4: MNRJ 16258 [4 *]; HAB 16 sta. C 4: MNRJ 16517 [3 *]; HAB 11 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16257 [2 *]; HAB 16 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16515 [3 *]; HAB 11 sta. A 5: MNRJ 16171 [1 *]; 23 ° 05 ʹ 23 ʺS, 40 ° 58 ʹ 55 ʺW, 100 m, 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 31353 [3 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹ 34 ʺS, 40 ° 40 ʹ 84 ʺW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / ix / 2003: MNRJ 31357 [4 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, viii / 2002: MNRJ 31366 [2 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, ii / 2001: MNRJ 31364 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, iii / 2007: MNRJ 31713 [1 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹ 14 ʺS, 40 ° 59 ʹ 31 ʺW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33008 [43 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB4A401FF3EFA30B0F4FA35.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word nimius = too much, excessive. This species is named after its abundant occurrence in the material studied.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB4A401FF3EFA30B0F4FA35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protoconch with a thin spiral cord above the suture; adapical and median spiral cords of teleoconch very close to each other, but not fused; protoconch lightly colored, teleoconch brown to light cream; thick subperipheral and basal cords.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB4A401FF3EFA30B0F4FA35.taxon	description	Description. Shell elongated, conical, reaching 4.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, ratio length / width 3.2 – 3.6. Protoconch conical or subcylindrical, light cream to translucent white, 410 – 490 μm long, 274 – 309 μm wide, with 4.5 – 5.0 whorls of convex outline; embryonic shell dome-shaped, smooth; larval shell with microscopic granules in the sutural region and an irregular, thin spiral cord above suture (with a distance of 11 – 19 % of whorl length), emerging in the second whorl of protoconch and disappearing 1.0 – 2.5 whorls after; spiral cord formed by irregularly-aligned elongated granules or by a continuous cord. Teleoconch with up to 8.5 whorls of convex to rectilinear outline; color brown to cream; sculpture formed by three spiral cords with pointed, medium-sized nodules (occupying 48 – 57 % of body whorl length), and around 16 orthocline axial ribs on the body whorl; adapical and median spiral cords very close in initial whorls but not fused, with the three cords becoming equidistant in the body whorl; adapical spiral cord less prominent in the initial whorls, reaching a similar size than other cords in the sixth / seventh whorl; suture distinct, somewhat channeled; subperipheral spiral cord smooth, often thick; base concave, with a smooth basal cord, followed by two spiral threads considerably weaker and microscopic spiral striae; aperture ovate, 0.44 – 0.74 mm long, 0.36 – 0.61 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.2; short and open anterior canal, wide or acute posterior sinus; inner lip slightly projected over the parietal wall; outer lip crenulated by nodules projection.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB4A401FF3EFA30B0F4FA35.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis nimia sp. nov. (Fig. 8 A – J) and Cerithiopsis rabilleri (Fig. 7) are sympatric on the continental shelf of southeastern Brazil, but C. nimia is much more abundant in the material studied. These species present similar shell shape, color, and sculpture. The main difference relies in the protoconchs, mainly smooth in both, but C. nimia shows a distinct spiral cord and microscopic granules (Fig. 8 G – J). Minor differences are found in the teleoconch sculpture. In C. nimia, the adapical spiral cord remains smaller than the median and abapical cords through most whorls, whereas in C. rabilleri the adapical cord develops quicker. In C. nimia, the adapical and median spiral cords of the teleoconch are slightly closer to each other in relation to the abapical one (Fig. 8 E), except at the body whorl, where the cords are equidistant; therefore, in the initial whorls of the teleoconch, the axial ribs between those two cords are very inconspicuous. In C. rabilleri, despite the slight proximity between adapical and median spiral cords, the three cords are almost equidistant and the axial ribs between adapical and median cords are clearly visible in the initial whorls. Additionally, in C. nimia the adapical spiral cord projects over the suture above (Fig. 8 E), almost covering it. The proximity of spiral cords (adapical and median) of C. nimia occurs in several degrees in other Cerithiopsis species, including those recorded by Figueira & Pimenta (2008) from Brazil: C. capixaba, C. fusiformis, C. prieguei, C. balaustium, C. aimen, also discussed below. Of those, the most similar is C. aimen (Fig. 20 A – D), in which the nodules of the adapical and median spiral cords are close to each other, but never fused, and are clearly separated in the first initial teleoconch whorls. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. From Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro states, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province. From 26 m to 149 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB2A403FF3EF9E7B2E7FC51.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB2A403FF3EF9E7B2E7FC51.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: IBUFRJ 19630. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, J. Colella coll., 10 / viii / 1978: MZSP 155539 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 16 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16559 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16558 [3 * p]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – D 3 (22 ° 04 ʹ 30 ʺS, 40 ° 04 ʹ 55 ʺW, 80 m). Additional material. Brazil: -- Espírito Santo state: MNRJ 16560 [1 *]: HAB 17 sta. I 1; -- Rio de Janeiro state: 23 ° 05 ʹ 22.7 ʺS, 40 ° 58 ʹ 30.69 ʺW, 100 m, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33011 [1 *]; 23 ° 06 ʹS, 41 ° 06 ʹW, 88 m, x / 2008: MNRJ 32226 [1 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB2A403FF3EF9E7B2E7FC51.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor to Claudio José Fernandes da Costa, a friend and technician of the institution MNRJ, since the decade of 1980 working in the collection of molluscs. During the fire of MNRJ in 2018, Claudio saved all type material of the Mollusca Collection, including types of species that were not yet formally published (such as most new species in this paper). This is a small tribute to the huge effort that Claudio did during the rescue of types.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB2A403FF3EF9E7B2E7FC51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell light brown, apex lighter; protoconch with 4.5 convex whorls, body whorl with around 15 sigmoid, opisthocline axial ribs.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB2A403FF3EF9E7B2E7FC51.taxon	description	Description. Shell conical, elongated, reaching 4.1 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, ratio length / width 3.0 – 3.4. Protoconch conical, whitish, 402 – 520 μm long, 289 – 324 μm wide, with 4.5 much convex whorls; embryonic whorl smooth, dome-shaped; larval shell mainly smooth, with minute granules in the suture; body whorl of protoconch with ~ 15 sigmoid, opisthocline axial ribs, and a spiral cord emerges in the last half whorl, situated at 28 % of whorl length above suture. Teleoconch with up to 8.5 whorls, color light brown; three spiral cords, adapical one initially reduced in size and close to the median one, gradually strengthening and reaching same size than other cords in the sixth whorl, with the three cords equidistant at body whorl; ~ 18 nearly orthocline axial ribs on the body whorl; rounded, medium-sized nodules (occupying 49 – 58 % of body whorl length); suture shallow, with a thin sutural cord; smooth subperipheral cord; base concave, with one or two very thin spiral threads; aperture ovate, ~ 0.46 mm long, 0.34 – 0.36 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.3; anterior canal short, open; inner lip slightly reflected over the parietal wall.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB2A403FF3EF9E7B2E7FC51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis claudioi sp. nov. (Fig 9) resembles C. nimia and C. rabilleri in overall shell shape and sculpture. Similarly to C. nimia, the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch is initially weak and close to the median one, but the nodules are more prominent in C. claudioi. The protoconch of Cerithiopsis claudioi (Fig. 9 E – F, H) is quite similar in shape to that of Cerithiopsis rabilleri, with strongly convex whorls, but C. claudioi has ~ 15 sigmoid axial ribs at the transition to the teleoconch. In addition, C. rabilleri has one or two distinct basal cords (Fig. 7 C – F), whereas the apparently complete base of C. claudioi is mainly smooth, except of two very thin spiral threads (Fig. 9 G). Differently from almost all other species in the western Atlantic, Cerithiopsis claudioi has several (~ 15) sigmoid axial ribs emerging in the body whorl of the protoconch (Fig. 9 E – F, H). Only Cerithiopsis pisinna sp. nov. has a similar sculpture, but it is less pronounced in the latter, with only three or four ribs (Fig. 5 D), whereas in C. claudioi, besides being more abundant, it also shows a suprasutural spiral cord, which corresponds to the abapical spiral cord of the protoconch (Fig. 9 E, H). Other cerithiopsids also have axial ribs at the transition from the protoconch to the teleoconch, e. g., Zaclys sarissa (Murdoch, 1905) (Marshall, 1978: fig. 12 E; Nützel, 1998: tafel 2 C) and Krachia cylindrata (Jeffreys, 1885) (Manousis et al. 2023: figure 8 b). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Only known from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro states and a single record in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago). From 26 m to 107 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB0A40EFF3EFC03B3E1FD21.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 11)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB0A40EFF3EFC03B3E1FD21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MCZ 156412. Type locality: Jamaica. Material examined. The holotype and: Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, P. Maestrati coll., 1984 – 1989: MNHN [2 *]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, O. Falcão coll., 1997: IBUFRJ 14148; -- Espírito Santo State [23]; HAB 13 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16274 [4 * p]; HAB 17 sta. I 2: MNRJ 17381 [5 * p]; HAB 17 sta. I 4: MNRJ 17387 [2 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 21654 [19]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 15814 [11]; off Piúma; 1993: IBUFRJ 8674 [2]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16287 [4 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 3: MNRJ 17369 [1 *], MNRJ 17379 [3 * p]; HAB 16 sta. H 2: MNRJ 17388 [3 * p]; HAB 13 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16248 [5 * p], MNRJ 16275 [3 * p], MNRJ 17375 [1 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 1: MNRJ 16247 [2 * p]; HAB 16 sta. H 4: MNRJ 17380 [2 * p]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 17389 [12 * p]; HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16273 [1 *], MNRJ 16249 [2 * p]; HAB 11 sta. F 2: MNRJ 16259 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. C 4: MNRJ 17396 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. C 3: MNRJ 17386 [1 * p]; HAB 11 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16250 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. B 5: MNRJ 17390 [3 * p]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 17378 [8 * p]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, iii / 2007: MNRJ 15396 [6 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 12 m, x / 2005: MNRJ 15406 [6 * p]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 2006: MNRJ 18755 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 100 m, 2007: MNRJ 33384 [1 * p]; 22 ° 42 ʹW, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 12 m, 19 – 22 / iii / 2004: MNRJ 30853 [4 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW: MNRJ 33889 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, iii / 2007: MNRJ 31791 [2 * p]; 23 ° 6 ʹW, 41 ° 06 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 31790 [1 *]; 23 ° 08 ʹS, 41 ° 02 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32367 [1 *]; 23 ° 05 ʹ 23 ʺW, 40 ° 58 ʹ 55 ʺW, 100 m, 16 – 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 32227 [1 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹ 14 ʺW, 40 ° 59 ʹ 31 ʺW, 17 / x / 2004: MNRJ 33020 [2 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB0A40EFF3EFC03B3E1FD21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the holotype of Cerithiopsis albovittata is much damaged, with a broken protoconch and a worn teleoconch, it still shows some traces of the coloration (Fig. 10 A). Rolán et al. (2007) assumed that the material studied by them, from Cuba, and by Redfern (2001) from the Bahamas, should be interpreted as belonging to C. albovittata. This concept is followed herein. Cerithiopsis albovittata exhibits a wide variation in shell color (Redfern, 2001, 2013; Rolán et al., 2007), which is also observed in shells from Brazil. Typically, the median spiral cord is white or light cream, whereas the adapical cord and the base are light brown, and the abapical cord varies between both types (Fig. 10 B – C, G, J). Other shells have darker brown bands (e. g., Fig. 10 D), and others show the dark brown color spread over almost the entire body whorl and base, in different tones (Fig. 10 I, K). Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) also recognized C. albovittata as a very abundant species in Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guyana, with a wide variation of shell color; their illustrations of live specimens also evidence a great range of colors in the head-foot. Several shells illustrated by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020: pl. 6, figs. 1 a – o, pl. 7, figs. 1 a – f) agree with the concept of C. albovittata adopted in the present work. However, many others (Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020: pl. 7 figs. 1 g – o, pl. 8 figs. 1 a – o, pl. 9 figs. 1 d – l) differ regarding shell sculptures and agree with Cerithiopsis cf. hielardae Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020 (see further discussion below). Thus, we consider that this record by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) is composed of a mixed material of C. albovittata, C. cf. hielardae and possibly other undetermined species (e. g., a shell figured in their pl. 9, fig. 1 a – c, has only two spiral cords on the teleoconch). The protoconch of C. albovittata was described by Rolán et al. (2007) as having a spiral cord in the lower part of the whorls and small axial riblets below it. This sculpture is present in all shells of C. albovittata from Brazil, but with a wide variation in the strength of this sculpture, from very fine (Fig. 11 B – C) to very distinct (Fig. 11 H – I) spiral cord and axial marks, with intermediate ones (Fig. 11 E – F). The protoconch color of the present material variesng from brown to cream (or even whitish), which was also described by Rolán et al. (2007). Cerithiopsis albovittata presents considerable variation in shell size and shape (Fig. 10 B – L). Figures 10 G and 10 I show two shells at the same scale and with almost the same number of teleoconch whorls (7 vs 7.5 whorls), but with quite distinct length and width. An anomalous shell (Fig. 10 H) with an abrupt change in growth pattern after the fifth whorl reveals the two growth shapes, the initial five-six teleoconch whorls much like the shell in figure 10 I, and the remainder whorls in the same pattern as the shell in figure 10 G. All other features, such as coloration and protoconch and teleoconch sculptures are in the range of variation of C. albovittata. Thus, C. albovittata may express two phenotypes in the same shell (Fig. 10 H). This change in growth shape is rare but not unprecedented in Cerithiopsis, judging for example from the image of C. flava in Rolán et al. (2007: fig. 44), from Cuba. The holotype of Cerithiopsis parvada Rolán, Espinosa & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, figured in Rolán et al. (2007: fig. 34), is very similar to some shells from Brazil (Fig. 10 I – J) in shell color, sculpture and protoconch morphology. In fact, Rolán et al. (2007) indicated the similarity between C. albovittata and C. parvada, listing minor differences in protoconch size and color (slightly wider and cream in C. parvada; white, cream or brown in C. albovittata), shell size (larger in C. albovittata) and color, and differences in the distance between spiral cords in the first teleoconch whorls. Rolán et al. (2007) considered the position of the adapical spiral cord in the first teleoconch whorl as an important character to distinguish C. albovittata from C. parvada, but this feature is diffuse in several shells from Brazil (Fig. 11 B, E, H). These differences are very subtle and not enough to distinguish shells that could be named as C. parvada among the material from Brazil. Another species from Cuba that probably fits into the species complex of C. albovittata is Cerithiopsis familiarum Rolán, Espinosa & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, but Rolán et al. (2007) did not compare it with C. albovittata in the original description of C. familiarum. We cannot see any substantial difference between both species based on the available images. Because C. albovittata is a species complex based on genetic evidence (unpublished data), we prefer to postpone the decision to synonymize both species. This is the first record of C. albovittata from Brazil, although Rios (1985) considered it as a synomym of C. gemmulosa, an opinion never followed by other authors. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis albovittata is largely cited in the western Atlantic, including records from several localities of the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic province and at North Brazil Shelf province, ranging from Florida to French Guyana, including almost all of the Caribbean region (except Bermuda). It is also present at the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic province (in the Northern Gulf of Mexico). From Brazil, it is herein confirmed from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (from Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro states). Littoral to 141 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBDA40EFF3EFC93B092F897.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBDA40EFF3EFC93B092F897.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNHN – IM – 2000 – 34838. Type locality. Guadeloupe, Petite Terre, 15 m. Material examined. Brazil: -- Rio Grande do Norte state: BPot sta. MR 42: MNRJ 28974 [9 *]; BPot sta. MR 45: MNRJ 28975 [4 * p]; BPot sta. MR 44: MNRJ 28976 [2 * p]; -- Pernambuco state: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, P. Maestrati coll., 1983 – 1989: MNHN [1 *]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, O. Falcão coll., 1997: IBUFRJ 13880 [2 *], IBUFRJ 13884 [9 *], IBUFRJ 14068 [6 *]; -- Espírito Santo state: off Piúma, F. Pitombo coll., 1993: IBUFRJ 13885 [1 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 14069 [1 *]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: Geomar XII sta. 97, 22 ° 8 ’ S, 40 ° 31.7 ʹW, 54.9 m, Oceanographic Ship Almirante Câmara coll., 29 / viii / 1979: IBUFRJ 7651 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16561 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16566 [2 * p]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16562 [2 * p]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 ix / 2009: MNRJ 31369 [1 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBDA40EFF3EFC93B092F897.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis hielardae has a small and slender shell, in addition to a protoconch slightly similar to that of C. albovittata (Fig. 11) and C. parvada, with small axial riblets below the suture and a discrete suprasutural spiral cord on some whorls of the larval shell (Fig. 12 G – H). In both, C. albovittata and C. hielardae, the strength of the sculpture of the protoconch is quite variable. Shells of C. hielardae from Brazil (Figs 12 G – H) present the same strength of protoconch sculpture as the holotype of C. hielardae. Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) compared this species with C. parvada, citing the more ‘ rugged’ [perhaps more nodulose / coarser nodes] teleoconch of C. parvada, deeper suture, and less axial ribs. We agree with these differences, which also distinguishes C. parvada from C. albovittata,. Moreover, the median spiral cord of the teleoconch of C. hielardae (Fig 12 E – F) is considerably more pronounced than the adapical and abapical ones than in C. albovittata. C. hielardae is distinctly more slender (and usually smaller) than C. albovittata. One paratype of C. hielardae illustrated by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020: pl. 15, figs. 1 j – l) seems much more similar to what they consider to be C. parvada. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Guadeloupe) and in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (from Rio Grande do Norte to Rio de Janeiro states). Littoral to 141 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBCA409FF3EF9E9B2E7FE7D.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBCA409FF3EF9E9B2E7FE7D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: Cabo de Santo Agostinho, P. Maestrati coll., 1984 – 1989: MNHN [1 *]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, O. Falcão coll., 1997: IBUFRJ 10852 [1 *], IBUFRJ 13881 [2 *], IBUFRJ 13883 [1 *], IBUFRJ 18302 [1 *], IBUFRJ 14145 [17 *], IBUFRJ 20655 [9 *], IBUFRJ 21047 [6 *]; MNRJ 15390 [4]; -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 14141 [1 * p]; off Serra, 20 ° 14 ʹS, 40 ° 12 ʹW, 2 m, vi / 2008: MNRJ 34983 [7]; Piúma, F. Pitombo coll., 1993: IBUFRJ 8725 [3 *]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 11 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16290 [1]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / ix / 2009: MNRJ 33390 [1 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33013 [5]; 23 ° 08 ʹS, 41 ° 02 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32225 [2 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBCA409FF3EF9E9B2E7FE7D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shared features between Cerithiopsis cf. hielardae (Fig. 13) and C. hielardae (Fig. 12) include the variable expression of nodules on the spiral cords, the same shell color pattern and the same protoconch sculpture. They differ only in general shell shape and size. Cerithiopsis cf. hielardae has an elongate, conical shell, with many whorls (Fig. 13 A), whereas C. hielardae is smaller and has a subcylindrical shell (Fig. 12 A – B). Considering that such variation in shell size and shape is also considered to occur in C. albovittata, we refrain from naming C. cf. hielardae as a new species but keep it in a separate account. Only the analysis of additional material (with soft parts) may elucidate this question. Cecalupo & Perugia (2020: pl. 7, figs. 1 g – o, pl. 8, figs. 1 a – o, pl. 9, figs. 1 d – l) illustrated some shells from Guadeloupe and Martinique very similar to C. cf. hielardae, with the typical weak axial sculpture on the teleoconch, but named C. albovittata. They did not consider the resemblance between such shells and C. hielardae. Lamy & Pointier (2017) figured a shell named Cerithiopsis sp. 1 from Martinique, which fits perfectly with the shell morphology of C. cf. hielardae; it was considered rare in their survey. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Martinique and Guadeloupe) and Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (from Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro states). Littoral to 157 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBAA409FF3EFE2FB620FA3E.taxon	description	(Fig. 14 A – E)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBAA409FF3EFE2FB620FA3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNCN 15.05 / 47008. Type locality. Cuba, Rancho Luna, Cienfuegos Bay, 45 m. Material examined. The holotype and: Brazil: -- off Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 1: MNRJ 16572 [1 * p]; HAB 13 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16571 [1 * p]; RAP IG sta. 34, exUERJ 5256 [1].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBAA409FF3EFE2FB620FA3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis beneitoi can be distinguished from other similar Caribbean species by its small (up to 2.9 mm long) and mainly white shell, with faintly darker bands on the adapical and subperipheral cords, and in having equally spaced spiral cords on the teleoconch (Rolán et al. 2007). All these features are observed in shells from Brazil despite they reach a maximum length of 2.0 mm (Fig. 14 A – C). The material from the Caribbean shows a thin spiral cord on the second and third whorls of the protoconch (Rolán et al., 2007, 2013), which could not be observed in the illustrated shell from Brazil due to the eroded condition of the protoconch (Fig. 14 D – E), although the minute riblets in the suture can be seen (Fig. 14 F). A very similar species was described from Guadeloupe and Martinique: Cerithiopsis michellegalli Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020, with similar size, colour and protoconch. Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) did not provide a comparison to C. beneitoi, and both species seem to be mainly distinguished by the darker brown bands and apparently a more developed adapical spiral cord in C. michellegalli, especially if compared to Caribbean shells of C. beneitoi (Rolán et al. 2007). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Bahamian, Southwestern Caribbean, Greater Antilles, Eastern Caribbean ecoregion), and in the boundary of the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province (Rio de Janeiro state). From 4 m (Rolán et al. 2007) to 59 m (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBAA40BFF3EF9EEB672FC75.taxon	description	(Fig. 14 F – N)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBAA40BFF3EF9EEB672FC75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: Praia do Pina, Recife, P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [1 *]; Cabo de Santo Agostinho, 2 m, P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [1 *]; Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, L. R. Simone & P. J. S de Souza coll., 20 / vii / 1999: MZSP 31997 [2]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, 12 ° 58 ʹS, 38 ° 35 ʹW, 20 m, O. Falcão coll., 1997: MNRJ 28834 [5 *], IBUFRJ 18766 [3], IBUFRJ 20653 [16]; -- Espírito Santo state: HAB 13 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16251 [1 *]; Piúma, F. Pitombo coll., 1993: IBUFRJ 8626 [38]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 64: IBUFRJ 13055 [2]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 15818 [1], IBUFRJ 19627 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16221 [2 * p]; HAB 13 sta. H 1: MNRJ 16222 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 17383 [1 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFBAA40BFF3EF9EEB672FC75.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis sp. 1 shares features with some species described from the Caribbean (Rolán et al. 2007), such as Cerithiopsis iuxtafuniculata Rolán, Espinosa & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, Cerithiopsis familiarum Rolán, Espinosa & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, Cerithiopsis cruzana Nowell-Usticke, 1959 and Cerithiopsis dilata Rolán, Espinosa & Fernández-Garcés, 2007, all of them with brown bands usually on the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch and subperipheral cord, like those found in Cerithiopsis sp. 1 (Fig. 14 F – J). The protoconch of Cerithiopsis sp. 1 is certainly much similar to that of C. iuxtafuniculata, with a thin spiral cord close to the suture and minute axial marks (Fig. 14 M – N). However, the equidistant spiral cords in the teleoconch of Cerithiopsis sp. 1, mainly in late whorls (Fig. 14 L), resemble those of C. cruzana and C. dilata, because in C. iuxtafuniculata the adapical spiral cord is much closer to the median one until the body whorl. Both C. cruzana and C. dilata reach considerably higher shell lengths (3.7 – 3.8 mm; Rolán et al. 2007) than Cerithiopsis sp. 1 (up to 2.2 mm). Two species from Guadeloupe and Martinique also show similar teleoconch sculpture, color, and protoconch with nearly identical sculpture and number of whorls as in Cerithiopsis sp. 1: Cerithiopsis michellegalli Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020 and Cerithiopsis michezae Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020. Both species were not compared to each other by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020). From the illustrated shells it appears that the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch only becomes fully distant from the median one in the third whorl in C. michellegalli vs. sixth whorl in C. michezae (and fourth / fifth whorl in Cerithiopsis sp. 1). Cerithiopsis sp. 1 (up to 2.2 mm long) shares with C. michellegalli (up to 2.1 mm long) the small shell size; C. michezae is slightly larger (up to 3.3 mm long). The maximum number of teleoconch whorls (up to 6.5) is considerably higher in Cerithiopsis sp. 1 than in C. michellegalli (up to 4.5) and slightly lower than in C. michezae (up to 7.5). Considering the existence of all these similar Caribbean species and that no one is exactly identical with the shell features shown by Cerithiopsis sp. 1, in addition to the absence of available soft parts to be studied, it is preferable to avoid the establishment of a new name or a new record until proper material is obtained. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province, from Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro states, including the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Littoral to 76 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB8A40BFF3EFC27B1BCF807.taxon	description	(Fig. 15 A – C)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB8A40BFF3EFC27B1BCF807.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNHN – IM 2000 – 34587. Type locality. Martinique. Material examined. Brazil, -- Sergipe state: 10 ° 45 ʹ 36 ” S, 36 ° 36 ʹ 08 ” W, 20 m depth: CZUFS GAS- 00095 [1]. Material examined of Cerithiopsis cf. perigaudae. off Rio de Janeiro state, 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 m, 2006: MNRJ 15407 [* p]	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FFB8A40BFF3EFC27B1BCF807.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present record is based on a single shell from northeast Brazil that presents overall teleoconch size, shape and sculpture (Fig 15 A – B), as well as the typical protoconch sculpture (Fig 15 C), of the holotype of C. perigaudae (high-resolution image of the holotype available in the MNHN molluscs collection dataset - https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / 2860642306). This species is distinguished by its spiral cord with granular protuberances on the larval shell, combined with the brown teleoconch, which has three equal spiral cords. A second shell, herein treated as Cerithiopsis cf. perigaudae (Fig. 15 D – G), from southeast Brazil is also similar, but it is considerably larger (3.1 mm vs. 1.7 mm in the shell from NE Brazil, the species reaches 2.8 mm in the Caribbean). The protoconch of the shell from SE Brazil has a row of axially elongated granules arranged side by side in the suture (Fig. 15 F – G). In the holotype of C. perigaudae these granules seem interleaved, i. e., granules are arranged at alternating height. Cerithiopsis pennecae Cecalupo & Perugia 2020 closely resembles C. perigaudae, but is smaller and has a less impressed suture. as was noted by these authors. However, examination of the high-resolution image of the holotype of C. pennacae (https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / 2860642301) reveals that the spiral cord of the protoconch is not granulated but continuous and smooth. Evaluation of possible intraspecific variation demands examination of additional shells. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Eastern Caribbean ecoregion) and the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (Northeastern Brazil ecoregion). From 11 m (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020) to 20 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF87A435FF3EF983B13FF8E6.taxon	description	(Fig. 16)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF87A435FF3EF983B13FF8E6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MCZ 186127. Type locality. Jamaica. Material examined. The holotype and: Brazil, -- Ceará state: Paracuru, vi / 2010: CMPHRM 2931 B [1]; -- Bahia state: Baía de Todos os Santos, 12 / iv / 1997: IBUFRJ 12906, [42], IBUFRJ 12908 [14]; -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 21: IBUFRJ 12900 [3]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 23527 [12]; off Piúma, 1993, F. Pitombo coll.: IBUFRJ 8517 [5]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 64: IBUFRJ 9515 [1]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 65: IBUFRJ 12905 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: Praia da Figueira, Angra dos Reis, C. Alvarenga coll., 1998: IBUFRJ 13665 [15]; RAP IG sta. 4: UERJ ex – 4013 [6].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF87A435FF3EF983B13FF8E6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The teleoconch of Cerithiopsis fusiformis is ovate-fusiform with three spiral rows of nodules, of which the two adapical ones are very close to each other, being apparently fused (Fig. 16 A – C); this fusion is less pronounced on the first whorl, in which the three rows of nodules are often distinct, the adapical one being weaker (Fig. 16 D – E). This feature results in an apparently bilobed nodule, axially oriented (Fig. 16 F), that separates into two nodules along the growth of the shell (Fig. 16 A – C). In the body whorl, the three spiral cords are entirely separated and approximately equidistant (Fig. 16 G). Figueira & Pimenta (2008) recognized that this type of teleoconch sculpture is present in other western Atlantic Cerithiopsis species. Accordingly, these species differ from each other in, some minor aspects of shell shape and teleoconch sculpture, but mainly in protoconch sculpture: Cerithiopsis aimen (Fig. 20 A – D), C. prieguei (Fig. 20 E – H), C. balaustium (Fig. 20 I – L) and C. capixaba (Fig. 19 A – H). The present work recognizes a similar sculpture pattern in other species: C. brucei, C. vescula sp. nov. and C. scobinata sp. nov. The original description of C. fusiformis does not mention its protoconch, and all available images of the holotype (e. g., Clench & Turner 1950; Vokes & Vokes 1983) show a decollate shell, lacking the protoconch. Based on specimens from Cuba, Rolán & Espinosa (1996) stated that its protoconch is smooth, with a slight angulation at mid-whorl and a spiral cord near the base. This description was accepted by all subsequent authors dealing with this species (see synonymic list). Figueira & Pimenta (2008) listed several specimens of C. fusiformis from Brazil but failed to recognize the distinction between C. fusiformis and C. vescula sp. nov.: in the latter, the two adapical spiral cords are never fused (see below). A revision of part of the material examined by Figueira & Pimenta (2008) indicated that these two species were interpreted as belonging to a single species by these authors. Several recent papers in the field of Biochemistry (e. g., Ozkan & Berberoglu 2013; and many subsequent papers) wrongly cited C. fusiformis as a diatom that has particular properties in biofilm formation; this name does not exist outside Zoology. This probably relies in a lapsus calami with Cylindrotheca fusiformis (see Ozkan & Berberoglu 2013: abstract vs. analysis section). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis fusiformis is a widespread species in the Western Atlantic, often listed in faunistic surveys. However, its precise geographic distribution should be revised, due to the great similarity with other species, as indicated above. Currently, it includes records from several localities of the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic and Tropical Northwestern Atlantic provinces, from North Carolina (USA) to Lesser Antilles, including the Gulf of Mexico and the entire Caribbean region (except Bermuda). It also occurs in the Pliocene of St. Petersburg, Florida, according to the synonymy proposed by De Jong & Coomans (1988), but this should be reviewed. From Brazil, it is herein confirmed only from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and from the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province, from Ceará to Rio de Janeiro states. It is also recorded from Uruguay (Forcelli & Narosky 2015). Littoral to 165 m (Abbott 1974).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF85A430FF3EFA63B3E4FE01.taxon	description	(Fig. 17)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF85A430FF3EFA63B3E4FE01.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: IBUFRJ 12907. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: 23 ° 04 ʹ 14 ʺS, 40 ° 59 ʹ 31 ʺW, 100 m, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33012 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16529 [1 * p]. Type locality: Brazil, off Bahia state, Baía de Todos os Santos; O. Falcão coll.; 1997.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF85A430FF3EFA63B3E4FE01.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word vesculus = weak, poor, thin, little. This species is named after its weak adapical spiral cord in the first teleoconch whorls.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF85A430FF3EFA63B3E4FE01.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protoconch conical with first whorl smooth, remainder whorls with a spiral cord close to suture; teleoconch whorls with the adapical spiral cord very weak and close to the median cord, but not fusioned, becoming more separated on subsequent whorls.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF85A430FF3EFA63B3E4FE01.taxon	description	Description. Shell slightly pupoid, up to 2.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide. Protoconch white, conical, 380 μm long, 240 μm wide, with 4.0 convex whorls; embryonic shell dome-shaped, smooth; larval shell with a smooth spiral cord close to abapical suture. Teleoconch with up to seven whorls of slightly convex outline; color dark brownish; sculpture formed by three spiral cords and around 18 orthocline axial ribs on the body whorl; squarish to rounded large-sized nodules; adapical spiral cord of early teleoconch with very small nodules very close to median cord, but clearly separated from it; nodes of adapical spiral cord enlarge during shell growth and become of equal size of median spiral cords on body whorl; distance between adapical and median rows enlarge along shell growth, distance to abapical row around twice nodule size; spiral cords almost equidistant on body whorl. Suture somewhat channeled. Subperipheral cord smooth; base with a median smooth basal cord, abapical region with very fine spiral striae; aperture rhomboid, around 0.6 mm long, 0.3 mm wide; short and open anterior canal, acute posterior sinus; inner lip somewhat projected over the parietal wall.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF85A430FF3EFA63B3E4FE01.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Figueira & Pimenta (2008) listed several shells of C. fusiformis from the eastern Brazilian coast. Their figure 4 (herein illustrated in Fig. 17 C, G) belongs to Cerithiopsis vescula sp. nov.; it has a very similar shell shape and its protoconch is identical to that of C. fusiformis (Fig. 16 D – E), but the teleoconch sculpture is distinct. The two adapical spiral cords do not show the fused aspect of a bilobed nodule as in C. fusiformis; the adapical cord is much weaker in early teleoconch whorls and distinctly separated from the median cord (Fig. 17 A – B). Along the teleoconch whorls, the adapical cord becomes more pronounced, reaching the same size as other cords in the body whorl (Fig. 17 B – E). Cerithiopsis vescula is also similar to C. aimen (Fig. 20 A – D). The distinction between them relies mainly on the first teleoconch whorl, in which the median spiral cord is the weakest in C. aimen (Fig. 20 C), while in C. vescula the adapical one is always the weakest (Fig. 17 F – G). Cerithiopsis nimia (Fig. 8) presents a similar teleoconch sculpture, in which the adapical spiral cord is less pronounced on early teleoconch whorls whorls, and it is somewhat adhered to the median cord, but not fused. However, in C. nimia this adapical cord is much more detached from the median one, and the shell shape is more elongate. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province, from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro states. 76 m to 100 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF83A432FF3EFDF3B0A9FD75.taxon	description	(Fig. 18) Cerithiopsis sp.: Krisberg (2010 d: https: // olram 9. wixsite. com / letstalkseashells / copy-of-template- 89).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF83A432FF3EFDF3B0A9FD75.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNRJ 16568. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 19638 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16567 [1]; -- Paraná state, Ilha dos Ratos: MZSP 155543 [3]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state, c ontinental shelf of Campos Basin, HAB 11 sta. C 3 (22 ° 46 ʹ 51 ʺS, 41 ° 03 ʹ 39 ʺW, 77 m). Additional material. Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 16 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16570 [3 * p]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16569 [4 * p]; HAB 11 sta. B 4: MNRJ 17304 [1 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF83A432FF3EFDF3B0A9FD75.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word scobina = rasp. This species is named after its microscopic spiral lines on teleoconch whorls, which resemble scratches.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF83A432FF3EFDF3B0A9FD75.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protoconch conical with first whorl smooth, remainder whorls with prosocline to nearly orthocline axial ribs that usually cross the entire whorl face, and minute granules above suture; teleoconch whorls with the two adapical spiral cords fused together and becoming separated on subsequent whorls; squared interspaces between spiral cords sculptured with microscopic, very fine spiral lirae.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF83A432FF3EFDF3B0A9FD75.taxon	description	Description. Shell slightly pupoid, reaching 2.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, ratio length / width 2.6 – 2.9. Protoconch white, conical, 330 – 396 μm long, 234 – 264 μm wide, with 4.0 – 4.25 convex whorls; embryonic shell dome-shaped, mainly smooth, with minute granules above the suture; larval shell with prosocline to nearly orthocline axial ribs that usually (not always) cross the entire whorl, spacing between ribs two to five times rib width, and microscopic granules at the suture region. Teleoconch with up to seven whorls of slightly convex outline; color brownishorange to dark brown; sculpture formed by three spiral cords and around 20 orthocline axial ribs on the body whorl; elongated to rounded, large-sized nodules (occupying 64 – 68 % of body whorl length); adapical and median spiral cords initially separated after transition between protoconch and teleoconch, but they soon fuse during first teleoconch whorl, starting to separate in the fourth to sixth whorl and becoming fully separated after one whorl or less, but the three spiral cords are equidistant only at the body whorl; interspaces between spiral cords sculptured with microscopic spiral lirae on last two whorls; suture somewhat channeled; subperipheral cord slightly nodulose; base concave, with two nearly smooth basal cords (the adapical one can be slightly nodulose), followed by very fine spiral striae; aperture rhomboid, 0.43 – 0.49 mm long, 0.33 – 0.41 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.2 – 1.3; short and open anterior canal, acute posterior sinus; inner lip somewhat projected over the parietal wall.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF83A432FF3EFDF3B0A9FD75.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis scobinata sp. nov. (Fig. 18) shares with C. capixaba (Fig. 19), C. prieguei (Fig. 20 E – H), C. balaustium (Fig. 20 I – L), C. fusiformis (Fig. 16 A – E) and C. vescula (Fig. 17) the sculpture pattern of adapical and median spiral cords situated closely to each other on initial whorls of the teleoconch, being apparently or virtually fused, and then becoming separated in late whorls (Figueira & Pimenta 2008). Although slight differences in the emergence of the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch can be distinguished in some specimens, the main differences among those species rely in protoconch shape and sculpture. The most similar species to C. scobinata are C. capixaba and C. fusiformis, with very similar shell size, shape and the sculpture pattern of the two adapical cords. The protoconch of C. scobinata (Fig. 18 L – N) has much more convex whorls than C. capixaba (Fig. 19). The larval shell of C. scobinata has fewer axial ribs and a different microsculpture on the embryonic shell: there are small granules restricted to the suture region in C. scobinata, but granules organized in spiral rows along the embryonic shell of C. capixaba (Fig. 19 F – H). In addition, C. scobinata has a distinct spiral microsculpture between spiral cords on the last two teleoconch whorls (Fig. 18 K) that is apparently absent in C. capixaba. Cerithiopsis scobinata differs from C. fusiformis by having axial ribs on the protoconch (Fig. 16 D – E). Cerithiopsis scobinata is also similar to C. balaustium. However, C. scobinata has continuous axial ribs on the larval shell extending from suture to suture (Fig. 18 L – N), whereas the axial ribs of C. balaustium are mainly restricted to the abapical portion of the larval whorls and are absent in earliest and latest portions of the larval shellFig. 20 K – L). Shells of C. scobinata (up to 2.8 mm long) also seem to be larger than those of C. balaustium (up to 2.0 mm long). The protoconch of C. scobinata is also similar to that of Cerithiopsis micalii (Cecalupo & Villari, 1997), from the Mediterranean, and even more similar to the shell identified as C. cf. micalii by Oliver et al. (2012) However, C. scobinata apparently has fewer axial ribs on the larval shell than both morphs. Their main difference, however, relies in the teleoconch sculpture, because the adapical spiral cord is not fused with the median one in C. micalii. In a survey of mollusks from Florida, Krisberg (2010 d) indicated a single shell, named Cerithiopsis sp., occurring in Fort Pierce, eastern Florida, which is identical to C. scobinata. Regarding the high quality of illustrations and description, we confidently assign this shell to the new species, considerably extending its geographical range. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (eastern Florida) and the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic (from Espírito Santo to Paraná states). Littoral (Krisberg 2010 d) to 107 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF81A433FF3EFD27B0B9FCAA.taxon	description	(Fig. 19)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF81A433FF3EFD27B0B9FCAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: IBUFRJ 15221 [*]. Type locality. Brazil, off Espírito Santo state (20 ° 38 ʹS, 40 ° 00 ʹW, 33 m). Material examined. The holotype and: Brazil, -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 16 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16553 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16552 [4 * p]; HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16554 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16550 [2 * p]; HAB 11 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16551 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / ix 2003: MNRJ 31356 [5 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, iii / 2007: MNRJ 32947 [1 * p], MNRJ 31360 [2 *], MNRJ 31714 [1 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33007 [5 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF81A433FF3EFD27B0B9FCAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The teleoconch of the material studied can reach up to eight whorls and the shell reaches 4.0 mm long vs. 3.0 mm long and seven teleoconch whorls in the type material (Figueira & Pimenta 2008). In addition, the last two protoconch whorls show a spiral microsculpture between the axial ribs (Fig. 19 H), which was not detected by Figueira & Pimenta (2008), who indicated such supposed absence of microsculpture in C. capixaba as a difference to Cerithiopsis ara Dall & Bartsch, 1911. However, both species have other substantial differences (Figueira & Pimenta 2008), in addition to the white band in the adapical spiral cord of teleoconch (typical of C. ara), not present in C. capixaba (Fig. 19 A – B). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Only known from type locality and surrounding areas, in the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states); a single record from the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province (São Paulo state) was provided by Figueira & Pimenta (2008). From 33 m to 135 m (Figueira & Pimenta 2008).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF80A433FF3EFC1AB789FA7F.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 A – D)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF80A433FF3EFC1AB789FA7F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNCN 15.05 / 17220. Type locality. Cuba, Cienfuegos Bay. Material examined. USA: -- Florida: Sebastian Inlet, Kiske coll.: MZSP 51586 [4 lv]; Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16531 [1 * p]; RAP IG sta. 4: UERJ ex – 4013 [2]; -- São Paulo state: Praia da Enseada, Ubatuba, Lange-de-Morretes coll.: MZSP 155544 [1]; -- Paraná state: Ilha dos Ratos, de Fiore coll.: MZSP 155501 [2]. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Florida and Cuba) and in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province (Bahia to Paraná states). From littoral to 23 m (Figueira & Pimenta, 2008) to 98 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF80A43DFF3EF9D1B74DFF28.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 E – H)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF80A43DFF3EF9D1B74DFF28.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNCN 15.05 / 17221. Type locality. Cuba, Havana. Material examined. Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 12 m, x / 2005: MNRJ 32617 [1 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF80A43DFF3EF9D1B74DFF28.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The single shell studied here differs from the holotype of C. prieguei (illustrated in Rolán & Espinosa 1996 and Figueira & Pimenta 2008), by showing a late separation of the initially fused adapical and median spiral cords of the teleoconch on the fourth whorl (Fig. 20 E – F). This can be also seen in one shell from the Bahamas (Redfern 2013: fig. 404 A) and another one from Espírito Santo (Figueira & Pimenta 2008: fig. 13). In addition, the abapical spiral cord of the protoconch emerges later in the shell from Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 20 G) and it is never as close to the adapical one as seen in the holotype. In these respects, the present shell from Brazil resembles the shells from the Bahamas (Redfern 2013: fig. 404 A) and Martinique (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020: pl. 21, fig. 2 f) more closely than the holotype Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Disjunct distribution, in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Bahamas, Southeast Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Martinique and Guadeloupe) and in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states). From 1 m to 90 m (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8EA43DFF3EFE9BB341FCFE.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 I – L)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8EA43DFF3EFE9BB341FCFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MZSP 86307. Type locality. Brazil, off São Paulo state (24 ° 17 ʹ 08 ʺS, 44 ° 12 ʹ 09 ʺW, 163 m). Material examined. Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16278 [2 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16527 [2 * p]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33006 [1 *]; 23 ° 05 ʹS, 40 ° 58 ʹW, 100 m, 16 – 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 31354 [1 *]. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province, from Bahia to Santa Catarina states. From 76 m (this study) to 175 m (Figueira & Pimenta 2008).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8EA43EFF3EF993B034FD3D.taxon	description	(Fig. 21)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8EA43EFF3EF993B034FD3D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NMS. Z. 1921.143.642 [*]. Lost in the fire while loaned to MNRJ. Type locality. Brazil, off Bahia / Espírito Santo states, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition sta. 81 (18 ° 24 ’ S, 37 ° 58 ’ W, 36 fms [66 m]). Material examined. The holotype.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8EA43EFF3EF993B034FD3D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Melvill & Standen (1912) described several marine mollusks from Antarctica and nearby areas, mainly Scotia Bay, Burdwood Bank and Malvinas Islands, based on the material obtained by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902 – 1904). Among the new species from that work, Bittium brucei was described from station 81 (18 ° 24 ʹS, 37 ° 58 ʹW, 66 m), which lies on the continental shelf of Bahia / Espírito Santo states, eastern Brazil. Melvill & Standen (1912) did not highlight that such locality in Brazil was out of the remainder material described in that paper (from Antarctica waters), but according to Wilton & Brown (1908 apud Rosenberg 2009), the vessel Scottia also dredged off Brazil in 1902. Bittium brucei was allocated in the cerithiopsid genus Joculator by Rosenberg (2009). Cecalupo & Perugia (2013) also listed this taxon in Joculator, but erroneously citing Antarctica as its type locality. However, the distinction between Cerithiopsis, Joculator and other generic names in Cerithiopsidae is unclear (see discussion). Thus, aiming for consistency in the classification herein adopted, we consider it as a Cerithiopsis species. The holotype of Cerithiopsis brucei lacks the protoconch (Fig. 21), which, according to the original illustration, was already broken when described. The teleoconch sculpture shows that the adapical and median spiral cords are close to each other, and are apparently fused. They become separated on the body whorl so that three spiral cords are present (Fig. 21). As shown above, this pattern is present in several species from Brazil: Cerithiopsis fusiformis, C. vescula n. sp., C. aimen, C. prieguei, C. capixaba and C. balaustium, mainly differing in protoconch sculpture. Of those, judging from shell shape, size and teleoconch sculpture, it would be possible to relate it to C. fusiformis, C. scobinata and C. capixaba; however, without protoconch, it is impossible to determine it. Thus, we consider Cerithiopsis brucei a nomen dubium.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8DA43FFF3EFCECB159FEB5.taxon	description	(Fig. 22)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8DA43FFF3EFCECB159FEB5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype MNRJ 36958. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 18; IBUFRJ 19639 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 100 m, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33018 [6 * p]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state: 23 ° 31 ʹ 59.8 S, 41 ° 02 ʹ 15 ʺW, 120 m Additional material. Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: Campos Basin (23 ° 13 ʹS, 41 ° 02 ʹW, 93 m), x / 2008: MNRJ 31363 [2 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8DA43FFF3EFCECB159FEB5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word oneratus = filled, loaded. This species is named after the abundance of sculpture in its protoconch.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8DA43FFF3EFCECB159FEB5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. First whorl of protoconch with minute granules, followed by short, and irregularly spaced spiral vesicles; subsequent whorls with the adapical half smooth or with minute granules, and the abapical half with prosocline axial ribs crossed by microscopic oblique wrinkles. Teleoconch with the two adapical spiral cords close to each other in the initial whorls, becoming separated in body whorls.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8DA43FFF3EFCECB159FEB5.taxon	description	Description. Shell elongated, nearly turriform, up to 3.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide, ratio length / width 3.3 – 3.4. Protoconch subcylindrical, beige, 380 – 465 µm long, 230 – 285 µm wide, four convex whorls; embryonic shell dome-shaped, with irregular or vesicular (in a spiral orientation) granules; larval shell with ~ 24 prosocline axial ribs, starting at or slightly above abapical suture ~ 64 % (first whorl of larval shell) or ~ 45 % (second whorl of larval shell) of whorl length, with a mainly smooth zone (except by minute granules below suture) in the adapical part of the whorl; axial ribs more pronounced in the median portion of whorl (resulting in a shouldered profile), where oblique wrinkles are present between ribs. Teleoconch with up to ten whorls, brownish; with three spiral cords, the adapical cord is very thin, almost indistinct, and much close to the median cord in the initial three-four whorls, slowly increasing in size, reaching same size than other cords and becoming fully separated than median cord after five-six whorls (at the body whorl, the adapical cord can be slightly more pronounced than others); ~ 18 nearly orthocline to slightly opisthocline axial ribs in the body whorl; rounded, moderately large-sized nodules (occupying 61 – 65 % of body whorl length) at intesction s of spiral cords and axial ribs; suture well-defined, with a thin sutural cord; smooth subperipheral cord; one smooth, thick basal cord, 4.5 x wider than the thin spiral thread below it; ovate aperture, 0.45 – 0.58 mm long, 0.33 – 0.46 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.1 – 1.5; well-developed, open anterior canal; wide posterior sinus; inner lip slightly reflected over the parietal wall.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8DA43FFF3EFCECB159FEB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis onerata sp. nov. presents a strongly sculptured protoconch (Fig. 22 D – G), somewhat similar to that of C. balaustium, especially with the distinct, incomplete prosocline axial ribs on the larval shell. However, there are distinct differences in their teleoconch sculpture, shell size and shape. The shell of Cerithiopsis onerata is longer, nearly oblong to turriform, and may reach 3.8 mm length and has up to ten teleoconch whorls (Fig. 22 A – C) vs. up to 2.0 mm length and five teleoconch whorls in the pupoid shell of C. balaustium (Figueira & Pimenta 2008). Another difference consists in the emergence of the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch: in C. onerata, the adapical cord seems to emerge from the suture above (Fig. 22 B – C), whereas in C. balaustium the adapical and median cords are fused in initial whorls (Fig. 20 J). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Only known from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province. From 51 m to 120 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8BA439FF3EFF46B2E7FC19.taxon	description	(Fig. 23)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8BA439FF3EFF46B2E7FC19.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MNRJ 22836. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33017 [2 * p]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW: MNRJ 31370 [1 * p]; HAB 16 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16565 [1 * p]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state, Bacia de Santos, SANSED 5 sta. H 5 (23 ° 28 ʹ 0.84 ʺS, 41 ° 58 ʹ 12.72 ʺW, 147 m).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8BA439FF3EFF46B2E7FC19.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin words parvus = little and scymnus = young. This species is named after its short, paucispiral protoconch.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8BA439FF3EFF46B2E7FC19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protoconch paucispiral with minute granules on first whorl, and small spiral cords on the second one. Early teleoconch whorls with two spiral cords; adapical spiral cord splitting on late teleoconch whorls.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8BA439FF3EFF46B2E7FC19.taxon	description	Description. Shell subcylindrical, up to 3.0 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, ratio length / width 3.2 – 3.5. Protoconch paucispiral, globose, 340 – 410 μm long, 270 – 309 μm wide, with 2.5 convex whorls; color light beige, translucent; sparse granules in the first whorl; second whorl with granules near the adapical suture and three or four thin spiral lines on the middle or abapical half of the whorl. Teleoconch with up to eight whorls, rectilinear profile; color light brown, interspaces between nodules on spiral cords slightly darker; two spiral cords (median and abapical) on the initial teleoconch whorls; third cord appearing on the third whorl close to adapical suture and to the median cord, reaching same strength than other cords and becoming well separated from the median one after four whorls; median and adapical spiral cord somewhat closer to each other than median and abapical spiral cord on mature whorls (including body whorl); ~ 18 nearly orthocline axial ribs on the body whorl; rounded to slightly elliptical, medium-sized nodules (occupying 55 – 58 % of body whorl length); suture shallow; slightly nodulose to nearly smooth subperipheral cord; one slightly nodulose basal cord, and a thin spiral thread may appear below it; aperture rhomboid, small, 0.40 – 0.50 mm long, 0.30 – 0.40 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.2 – 1.3; distinct, open anterior canal; acute posterior sinus; inner lip slightly reflected over the parietal wall.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8BA439FF3EFF46B2E7FC19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis parviscymnus shares teleoconch features with other species from Brazil, mainly Cerithiopsis onerata sp. nov. (Fig. 22), such as the later emergence of the adapical spiral cord (apparently from the suture) and ornamentation of the base with one strong basal cord and one thin spiral thread below it. The protoconch mainly distinguishes them, with a paucispiral one in C. parviscymnus (indicative of non-planktotrophic development: Fig. 23 G – H) but multispiral in C. onerata sp. nov. (indicative of planctotrophic development: Fig. 22 D – E). Another species with a paucispiral protoconch from Brazil is Cerithiopsis soubzmaignei comb. nov. (Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020) (Fig. 28), which has a very different shell shape (pupoid) and teleoconch ornament (e. g., presence of three spiral cords throughout the teleoconch vs. late adapical spiral cord in C. parviscymnus), in addition to a completely smooth protoconch. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Only known from Rio de Janeiro state, at the boundary of the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province, from 100 m to 147 m.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8AA43AFF3EFBCBB1A3FE91.taxon	description	(Fig. 24)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8AA43AFF3EFBCBB1A3FE91.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. MNHN – IM – 2000 – 34880. Type locality. French Guyana, Iles du Salut, Ile du Diable, Pointe des Tortues, 4 m. Material examined. Brazil: -- Amapá state: AMASSEDS sta. 4134, 02 ° 21 ʹ 00 ʺN, 48 ° 29 ʹ 54 ʺW, 72 m, Research Vessel Columbus Iselin coll., 22 / x / 1991: MNRJ 34992 [3 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF8AA43AFF3EFBCBB1A3FE91.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The material from Amapá state, northern coast of Brazil (Fig. 24) is identical to the holotype of Sundaya soubzmaignei (https: // www. gbif. org / species / 10719008). Indeed, the specimens from Brazil were dredged at a location very close to the type locality, although at a depth of 72 m. Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) described this species in Sundaya due to the dome-shaped protoconch of only two whorls. Sundaya Oliver, 1915 (type species from New Zealand )) was based on aspects of shell morphology which are spread over several other Cerithiopsis s. l. species, such as pupoid shape, obtuse apex and convex outline, but it is mainly distinguished by its blunt, paucispiral protoconch of one or two smooth whorls (Marshall 1978). Its teleoconch morphology was considered with affinity to Joculator and Horologica by Marshall (1978), who raised the possibility of Sundaya to be an artificial group. We agree that Sundaya might be non-monophyletic, derived of more than one transition from planktotrophy to non-planktotrophy, or even being a synonym of another previously described genus with planktotrophic development. In addition, all other 12 species currently allocated in Sundaya are from the Indo-Pacific (MolluscaBase 2024), encompassing two species with different teleoconch sculpture [Sundaya widmeriana (Cecalupo & Perugia, 2014 a) and Sundaya ericae Cecalupo & Perugia, 2018], i. e., with the adapical spiral cord initially fused with the median one. Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) compared C. soubzmaignei to some species with paucispiral protoconch from the western Atlantic, including Cerithiopsis iontha Bartsch, 1911, which is the most similar one. In addition to the observations of Cecalupo & Perugia (2020), other minor differences would be a somewhat more acuminated protoconch and a slightly channeled suture in C. iontha. However, Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) did not discuss the possibility that C. soubzmaignei and C. iontha are congeneric assessment. Based on shell morphology, we cannot find any reason for a different generic allocation and, thus, we keep this species in Cerithiopsis until a more robust approach be properly taken after the examination of anatomic and / or molecular data in a phylogenetic approach. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. North Brazil Shelf Province, from French Guyana to Amapá state, in Brazil. From 4 m (Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020) to 72 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF89A424FF3EFC15B2E7F83D.taxon	description	(Fig. 25)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF89A424FF3EFC15B2E7F83D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MCZ 186114. Type locality. Jamaica. Material examined. USA: -- Florida: Sebastian Inlet, M. Krisberg coll., 14 / vii / 2010: MNRJ 17994 [7 *]; Brazil: -- Amapá state: 2 ° 21 ʹN, 48 ° 29 ʹ 24 ʺW, 72 m: MNRJ 27806 [4 *]; -- Rio Grande do Norte state: BPot sta. MR 42: MNRJ 34986 [31]; Praia de Búzios, Pirangi, F. N. Santos coll., 20 / vi / 2009: MZSP 92999 [1 lv]; -- Pernambuco state: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, L. Colella coll., 10 / viii / 1978: MZSP 155540 [1]; Praia do Pina, Recife, P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [3 *]; Cabo de Santo Agostinho, P. Maestrati coll.: MNHN [3 *], MNHN [34 *], MNHN [5 *]; Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca: MNRJ 26903 [3 *]; -- Alagoas state: Paripueira, P. Cardoso coll., xii / 1964: MORG 48808 [3 *]; -- Bahia state: Morro de São Paulo, Praia de Garapuá, Cairu: MZSP 100935 [2 lv]; Praia do Forte, Mata de São João, L. Barcellos coll., v / 1987: MORG 48802 [1 *]; Itapuã, Salvador, G. Oliveira coll., iv / 1982: MORG 2219 [2 *]; Baía de Todos os Santos, O. Falcão coll., 1997: IBUFRJ 13399 [56]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 76: IBUFRJ 10135 [1]; Abrolhos, i / 1985: MORG 48803 [17 *], MORG 48804 [23 *]; Guarita Island, Abrolhos, A. Silveira & L. Laurino coll., ii / 1987: MORG 26429 [5 *]; -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 65: MORG 48810 [1]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 19697 [1]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – R 2 – 1: IBUFRJ 16035 [9]; Aracruz, V. Abud coll., viii / 1988: MORG 48805 [3 *], MORG 48815 [2 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 15816 [5 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 16: IBUFRJ 13394 [1]; HAB 17 sta. I 1: MNRJ 16545 [4 * p]; HAB 17 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16546 [8 *]; HAB 13 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16211 [13 *]; HAB 17 sta. I 3: MNRJ 16547 [3 *]; HAB 13 sta. I 4: MNRJ 16217 [2 *]; HAB 17 sta. I 4: MNRJ 16548 [2 *]; HAB 17 sta. I 5: MNRJ 16549 [2 *]; -- Vitória-Trindade Chain: Vitória Seamount, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 61: IBUFRJ 9314 [3]; Dogaressa Seamount, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 5 – 44: IBUFRJ 14063 [1]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – D 3: IBUFRJ 19631 [7]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 53 ʹW: MNRJ 15286 [3 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16218 [18 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16543 [22 * p]; HAB 13 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16213 [3 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 1: MNRJ 16220 [2 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16544 [3 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16214 [17 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16208 [16 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 1: MNRJ 16209 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 2: MNRJ 16265 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. G 4: MNRJ 16210 [3 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 2: MNRJ 16539 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16540 [25 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 4: MNRJ 16541 [19 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 5: MNRJ 16542 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. E 4: MNRJ 16216 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. D 5: MNRJ 16538 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. C 3: MNRJ 16206 [6 *]; HAB 11 sta. C 5: MNRJ 16207 [2 *]; HAB 11 sta. C 4: MNRJ 16212 [4 *]; HAB 16 sta. C 3: MNRJ 16535 [15 * p]; HAB 16 sta. C 4: MNRJ 16536 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. C 5: MNRJ 16537 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16534 [3 *]; HAB 11 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16215 [12 * p]; HAB 11 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16219 [7 *]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 16533 [31 * p]; HAB 11 sta. B 2: MNRJ 16276 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. A 5: MNRJ 16532 [1 *]; 23 ° 05 ʹS, 40 ° 58 ʹW, 100 m, 16 – 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 30857 [8 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / ix / 2003: MNRJ 31358 [3 *]; 23 ° 6 ʹS, 41 ° 6 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32949 [2 *]; 23 ° 8 ʹW, 41 ° 2 ʹ 6 ʺW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32950 [2 *]; 23 ° 13 ʹ 30 ʺS, 41 ° 2 ʹ 00 ʺW: MNRJ 32951 [3 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹW, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33010 [20 *]; 23 ° 18 ʹS, 41 ° 14 ʹ, 120 m, 20 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33387 [1 *]; Ilha de Búzios, Baía da Ilha Grande, A. Breves coll., 11 / xii / 2009: MNRJ 19588 [2 *]; Ilha Peregrino, Baía da Ilha Grande, A. Breves coll., 23 / vi / 2008: MNRJ 19587 [* 1]; -- São Paulo state: REVIZEE – Sul sta. 6662: MZSP 93782 [1]; PADCT sta. 6571: MZSP 93783 [1]; REVIZEE – Sul sta. 6677: MZSP 93785 [1]; REVIZEE – Sul sta. 6676: MZSP 93786 [1]; PADCT sta. 6577: MZSP 93787 [1]; -- Santa Catarina state: Porto Belo Island, R. Novelli coll., x / 1981: MORG 22292 [3 *]; PADCT sta. 6641: MZSP 93788 [1]; PADCT sta. 6595: MZSP 93789 [1].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF89A424FF3EFC15B2E7F83D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis flava (Fig. 25) is widely distributed in the western Atlantic, with several records from the southern USA to Venezuela (e. g., Rolán et al. 2007; Redfern 2013). Recently, it was recorded from Guadeloupe and Martinique by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020), who presented an extensive list of examined material. They also described Cerithiopsis redferni Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020, based on a single shell from Florida, USA. However, this taxon is problematic since the holotype has a broken protoconch and the presented comparison with other taxa is vague. The shell shape and sculpture are identical to that of C. flava. The tip of the protoconch of C. redferni is broken off; the remaoning three protoconch whorls are somewhat eroded but fit the protoconch of C. flava. Considering such similarities and that C. flava is also abundant in Florida, we consider C. redferni a junior synonym of C. flava. Cerithiopsis flava is also widespread in Brazilian coastal waters, and it is easily recognized by its peculiar protoconch, with up to six or seven whorls (Fig. 25 I) and a distinctly acuminated apex, covered by small and rounded granules (Fig. 25 J). It was first reported from Brazil by Lee (2009), although not giving precise localities. Further, Agudo-Padrón (2015) recorded it from Santa Catarina state (southern Brazil) in a species list, and Fernandes & Pimenta (2017) illustrated a protoconch of C. flava found from the continental slope of Campos Basin (southeastern Brazil). Rolán et al. (2007) considered a high variability in teleoconch features of C. flava. Rolán et al. (2007, fig. 108), in a lapsus calami, did not depict, as indicated, the holotype of C. flava, but actually the holotype of C. albovittata. The holotype of C. flava was illustrated by Rolán et al. (2007, fig. 76) and the caption erroneously states “ fragment from Cuba like the holotype ” but it shows actually the holotype of C. flava figured by Clench & Turner (1950) and herein (Fig. 24 A). Despite this confusion, Rolán et al. (2007) presented a consistent discussion to demonstrated that the broken holotype of C. flava presents the diagnostic features of teleoconch sculpture. Some variation may occur in the color of shells from Brazil, from white (Fig. 24 D) to dark brown (Fig. 25 C), and in the shell outline, usually rectilinear (Fig. 25 D, F), but some shells have slightly convex whorls (Fig. 25 B, E). We highlight that C. flava is one of the few shallow-water cerithiopsids that reach the deepest portions of the Brazilian continental shelf, herein recorded to a depth of 149 m, which is similar to other deep records of this species in the literature (e. g., 130 m in Guadeloupe and Martinique; Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). Cerithiopsis flava and Belonimorphis cubensis are the only cerithiopsids so far recorded in the Vitória-Trindade Chain (southeastern Brazil) beyond the Vitória Seamount. The very scarce records, perhaps indicate a pseudopopulation. This seems possible due to its probably long-lived larva, with a many-whorled protoconch, which enables larvae of C. flava to reach offshore waters in southeastern Brazil (Fernandes & Pimenta 2017). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis flava has mostly been reported from the western Atlantic, including several localities in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic province, ranging from Florida to Venezuela, including all Greater Caribbean region. Its occurrence is confirmed from the North Brazil Shelf, Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and from the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province, from Amapá to Santa Catarina states, including Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Abrolhos and Vitória-Trindade Chain. Littoral to 149 m (this study).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF96A426FF3EFF46B682FB16.taxon	description	(Fig. 26)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF96A426FF3EFF46B682FB16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: 08 ° 4 ʹ 57 ʺ, 34 ° 43 ʹ 37 ʺ: MNRJ 18309 [2 * p]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, viii / 2002: MNRJ 31376 [2 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, iii / 2007: MNRJ 33385 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, x / 2007: MNRJ 32214 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / ix / 2009: MNRJ 32219 [2 *]; HAB 17 sta. D 4: MNRJ 18734 [1 * p]; HAB 11 sta. C 4: MNRJ 16224 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 18733 [1 * p]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33022 [1 * p]; 23 ° 08 ʹS, 41 ° 02 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32215 [1 *], MNRJ 32217 [1 *]; 23 ° 13 ʹS, 41 ° 02 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32218 [1 *]; 23 ° 38 ʹS, 41 ° 23 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32216 [1 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF96A426FF3EFF46B682FB16.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The lectotype of C. atalaya Watson, 1885 was designated by Bouchet & Warén (1993: 612) from Madeira (0 – 90 m), northeastern Atlantic. According to Bouchet & Warén (1993), the selected lectotype (NMW 1955.158.01517) was the single shell of the syntypes with a preserved protoconch, and the remainder specimens (syntypes NMW. 1955.158.01516) may not be conspecific. Bouchet & Warén (1993) indicated intraspecific variation in the shell of C. atalaya according to geographic regions, related to protoconch shape, shell shape and color. Shells from the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean) and West Africa are conical while those from Madeira are pupoid, with intermediates in the Mediterranean. While the lectotype (https: // gbmolluscatypes. ac. uk / specimens / 893 / Cerithiopsis-atalaya) is somewhat pupoid, shells from the Alboran Sea (Peñas et al. 2006), Greek Mediterranean (Manousis & Galinou-Mitsoudi 2014; Manousis et al. 2023) and in the Rockall Bank, northeastern Atlantic (Hoffman et al. 2011) have a rectilinear shell shape. Considering this variation, shells from Brazil would be more similar to those from western Africa and the Alboran Sea (Bouchet & Warén 1993), with a more rectilinear profile than the somewhat convex profile of the lectotype. A very similar species, Cerithiopsis sliekeri Gofas, Freiwald & Hoffman, 2023, was recently described from Azorean seamounts and distinguished by the strength of the adapical spiral cord in teleoconch whorls, which was described as a faint swelling below the suture, while in C. atalaya the three spiral cords are almost equally strong, with distinct beads at intersections with axial ribs. Secondarily, C. sliekeri was distinguished by its whitish teleoconch, while C. atalaya is dark brown. The shells of C. cf. atalaya from southeastern Brazil are also similar to C. sliekeri in overall shell shape, with a more rectilinear outline, but the adapical spiral cord is not as faint as reported by Gofas et al. (2023); in most shells, the strength of the adapical cord cannot be considered distinct from C. sliekeri, especially in earlier whorls (Fig. 26 C, D), its holotype being very similar to Brazilian shells; however, in later whorls, the shells from Brazil present a stronger adapical spiral cord than C. sliekeri (Fig. 26 A, B). In the Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil, C. cf. atalaya was only sampled in a depth of 92 – 120 m, corresponding to the lower portion of the shelf. This deeper habitat (cold waters) combined with a probable planktotrophic development could possibly enable larval exchange across the Atlantic Ocean. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cerithiopsis atalaya is recorded from the eastern Atlantic (Rockall Bank, France to Angola, Madeira) and Mediterranean, present both on the continental shelf and slope, but apparently more common at the mid-end of continental shelves, 80 – 587 m. From Brazil, it is only known from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province (from Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro states, 92 – 120 m).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	description	(Fig. 27)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: IBUFRJ 19642. Paratypes: Brazil: -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 11 sta. B 4: MNRJ 18732 [* 1 p]; HAB 16 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16577 [1 * p], MNRJ 18735 [1 * p]; 23 ° 05 ʹS, 40 ° 58 ʹW, 100 m, 16 – 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 30858 [* 1 p]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, xii / 2001: MNRJ 31377 [* 4 p]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro state, Campos Basin, 106 – 110 m, Oceanographic Ship Almirante Câmara coll., 20 – 27 / 1 / 1998: Additional material. Brazil: -- Espírito Santo state: HAB 17 sta. I 3: MNRJ 16578 [2 *]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16225 [1 *]; HAB 11 sta. B 5: MNRJ 16223 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, xi / 2007: MNRJ 31374 [2 *], MNRJ 31375 [1 *]; 22 ° 42 ʹS, 40 ° 40 ʹW, 110 – 120 m, 19 / ix / 2003: MNRJ 31378 [4 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 33021 [4 *]; 23 ° 05 ʹS, 40 ° 58 ʹW, 100 m, 16 – 17 / ix / 2004: MNRJ 31379 [1 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word favus = honeycomb. This species is named after the pitted protoconch sculpture resembling the cells of a honeycomb.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Protoconch conical with pitted, honey-comb like sculpture on embryonic whorl, subsequent whorls with two spiral cords. Teleoconch with the two adapical spiral cords close to each other in the initial whorls, the adapical one less prominent, becoming separated in body whorls.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	description	Description. Shell elongated, slender, high-spired, up to 4.1 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, ratio length / width 4.1 – 4.4. Protoconch cylindrical, white to orange-brownish, 579 – 658 µm long, 335 – 415 µm wide, with 3.0 – 3.5 whorls; embryonic shell globose, covered by pits, resulting in a rugose, honeycomb-like surface; larval shell with two smooth spiral cords, situated at 30 – 46 % (abapical) and 61 – 76 % (adapical) of whorl length, and no axial sculpture (only growth lines). Teleoconch with up to 10 whorls, rectilinear profile; color light brown, orange-brownish or beige, some shells with the initial whorls whitish; three spiral cords, the adapical cord close to the median one and initially rather weak, gradually strengthening but never reaching the same strength as other cords; ~ 18 orthocline axial ribs on the body whorl; rounded, medium-sized nodules (occupying ~ 45 % of body whorl length) at intersections of spiral cords and axial ribs; shallow suture, with a thin sutural cord immediately above the adapical cord; subperipheral cord slightly nodulose to nearly smooth; base concave, without basal spiral cord; aperture small, subcircular, 0.49 – 0.56 mm long, ~ 0.40 mm wide, ratio length / width 1.2 – 1.4; short, open anterior canal, discrete posterior sinus; inner lip slightly reflected over the parietal wall; outer lip crenulated due to projections of spiral sculpture of body whorl.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithiopsis favus sp. nov. shares some similarities with the Cerithiopsidae species currently allocated under Belonimorphis Jay & Drivas, 2002, whose type species, Belonimorphis belonimorphis Jay & Drivas, 2002, is from the Reunion Island. The shell shape of C. favus is turriform (Fig. 27 A – E), without the discrepant bottle-shaped shell (with a constricted apex) of most Belonimorphis species, although the type species has an intermediate form. In all Belonimorphis species (except the type species), on initial teleoconch whorls the adapical of the three spiral cords soon fuses with the median spiral cord, to further split again in late whorls; in C. favus (Fig. 27 A – F) and B. belonimorphis, the adapical spiral cord is smaller in size throughout the teleoconch, but it never fuses with the median one. In all Belonimorphis species (including the type species), there is at least one basal cord, absent in C. favus (Fig. 27 G). One evident difference between C. favus and B. belonimorphis is the sculpture of the protoconch. The protoconch of B. belonimorphis is similar to that of the triphorid genus Inella (e. g., Fernandes & Pimenta 2019 b), with all whorls similar similar to each other, having two spiral cords. In contrast, the protoconch of C. favus (Fig. 27 H – J) has a rugose and slightly inflated embryonic shell and a larval shell with two spiral cords. This kind of protoconch sculpture is similar to that of some of the remaining species currently allocated under Belonimorphis. Owing to all these differences in the shell and the several possible examples of convergence or perhaps parallelism in paucispiral protoconchs of Triphoroidea (Fernandes & Pimenta 2019 b, 2020), we prefer to keep this species in the “ catch-all ” taxon Cerithiopsis than to widen the concept of Belonimorphis even more. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Only known from Rio de Janeiro state, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province. From 88 m to 141 m. Genus Belonimorphis Jay & Drivas, 2002	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF95A420FF3EFACBB682FA10.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Belonimorphis belonimorphis Jay & Drivas, 2002, by original designation.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF93A421FF3EF9C3B1DDFA6D.taxon	description	(Fig. 28)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF93A421FF3EF9C3B1DDFA6D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: -- Maranhão state: Piatam Oceano sta. 108, 01 ° 30 ’ S, 43 ° 18 ʹ W, 59 m: MZSP 94414 [1]; -- Vitória-Trindade Chain: Columbia Seamount, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 5 – 42 R: IBUFRJ 19448 [1].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF93A421FF3EF9C3B1DDFA6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The two shells of Belonimorphis cubensis from Brazil, in spite of their worn condition, allow the recognition of the typical bottle-shaped shell and the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch fusing with the median one around the fifth teleoconch whorl (Fig. 28 B) and later becoming separated (Fig. 28 C). These features are present in most species currently allocated in Belonimorphis, but they are slightly different from the type species (see remarks under Cerithiopsis favus). Also, the color pattern of at least one shell (Fig. 28 C) fits with that described by Rolán & Espinosa (1992) and by Cecalupo & Perugia (2020) for this species. Belonimorphis rauli (Rolán & Espinosa, 1992), previously allocated to Horologica and also transferred to Belonimorphis by Cecalupo & Perugia (2013: 41), has the two main spiral cords on teleoconch whorls and with a similar profile, whereas B. cubensis shows the fused adapical / median cord much more prominent than the abapical one, in addition to other differences already indicated by Rolán & Espinosa (1992). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Belonimorphis cubensis has been recorded from the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic province, ranging from Cuba, Guadeloupe and Martinique, from 10 m (Rolán & Espinosa 1992) to 85 m (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020), with an anomalous record from 700 – 750 m (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). From Brazil, it is now known from the North Brazil Shelf Province (Maranhão state) and the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province, in the Vitória-Trindade Chain, off Espírito Santo state, from 59 to 85 m. Genus Dizoniopsis Sacco, 1895	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF93A421FF3EF9C3B1DDFA6D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Cerithium bilineatum Hörnes, 1848, by original designation.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF90A428FF3EFE9AB1A3FF29.taxon	description	(Fig. 30)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF90A428FF3EFE9AB1A3FF29.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype: MCZ 156200. Type locality. New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA. Material examined. -- Bahamas: Gorda Cay, B. H. Dietz coll., 01 / i / 2005: MZSP 52820 [4]; B. H. Dietz coll., v / 2005: MZSP 79466 [2]; Brazil: -- Amapá state: 04 ° 46 ’ 00 ’’ N, 50 ° 46 ’ 30 ’’ W, 74 m, Oceanographic Ship ‘ ’ Almirante Saldanha’ ’ coll., 06 May 1971, CMPHRM 1878 A [1 lv]; -- Rio Grande do Norte state: BPot 2 sta. MR 44: MNRJ 32954 [9 *], MNRJ 34989 [7 *]; BPot 2 sta. MR 45: MNRJ 32955 [8 *]; BPot 2 sta. MR 42: MNRJ 32956 [4 *]; -- Ceará state: Porto do Pecém, São Gonçalo do Amarante, 5 m, Diego F. Bezerra coll., i / 2009, CMPHRM 4045 A [1]; Praia do Pacheco, Fortaleza, Veras, Debora Rocha A. coll., v / 2007, CMPHRM 2617 A [3]; Canal das Arabaianas, 03 ° 32 ’ 45 ’’ S, 38 ° 16 ’ 10 ’’ W, 32 – 35 m, Eduardo Freitas coll., 04 / vii / 2009: CMPHRM 6387 B [1]; Fortaleza, 25 / iv / 2008: CMPHRM 4318 B [1]; Paracuru, vii / 2009: CMPHRM 2849 B [2 lv]; Praia do Boi Choco e Dois Coqueiros, Caucaia, 10 / ix / 2011: MZSP 101425 [1 lv]; -- Bahia state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 5 – 7 R: MNRJ 13419 [1 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 5 – 7 R, 30 / vi / 2001: MNRJ 13418 [2 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 5 – 13 R: IBUFRJ 12284 [1], IBUFRJ 13559 [1]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 73: IBUFRJ 8795 [1], IBUFRJ 9155 [1]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 5 – 16 R: MNRJ 13415 [1 *]; Farol de Itapuã, Salvador, A. Silva & Sebastião Oliveira coll., xii / 1956: MNRJ 4112 [3 *]; Itapuã, Salvador, coll., v / 1982: MNRJ 21359 [20 *]; Praia de Itapuã, Salvador, J. Vaz coll., vii / 1975: MZSP 34317 [10]; Farol da Barra, Salvador, L. Simone coll., 1979: MZSP 82782 [1]; Salvador: MZSP 64891 [2]; Baía de Camamú, 13 / xii / 2001: MNRJ 9164 [1 *]; Baia de Camamú, 13 ° 52 ’ 46 ’’ S, 39 ° 58 ’ 46 ’’ W, xii / 2001: MNRJ 15331 [1 *]; Baia de Camamú, M. C. Guerrazzi coll.: MZSP 61799 [1 lv]; Parcel Paredes, Alcobaça, 2 – 3 m, E. P. Gonçalves & P. J. S. Souza coll., 16 / i / 2000: MZSP 36867 [1], MZSP 46286 [1]; Mucuri, 25 / viii / 1988: IBUFRJ 3375 [1]; -- Espírito Santo state: REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 31: IBUFRJ 12987 [3], MNRJ 15738 [1 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 65: IBUFRJ 10241 [1]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 38: IBUFRJ 9799 [62]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 64: IBUFRJ 9241 [1], IBUFRJ 9264 [2]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 21: IBUFRJ 10211 [2], MNRJ 15735 [1 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 22: MNRJ 15734 [1 *], IBUFRJ 11371 [3]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 6 – Y 7: IBUFRJ 19744 [41]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – VV 16: MNRJ 015736 [1 *]; REVIZEE – Central sta. C 2 – 36 R: IBUFRJ 10691 [1]; Piúma, 1993: IBUFRJ 8645 [200]; 19 ° 25 ’ 33.96 ’’ S, 39 ° 22 ’ 15.96 ’’ W, 42 m, x / 2003: MNRJ 019315 [1 *]; 19 ° 25 ’ 59.99 ’’ S, 39 ° 19 ’ 58.80 ’’ W, 46 m, x / 2003: MNRJ 31234 [1 *]; 19 ° 25 ’ 60 ’’ S, 39 ° 19 ’ 58.80 ’’ W, 60 m, x / 2003: MNRJ 32339 [1 *], MNRJ 32309 [6 *]; Porto de Ubú, 20 ° 46 ’ 58.80 ’’ S, 40 ° 31 ’ 58.80 ’’ W, ix / 2007: MNRJ 30840 [1 *]; off Serra, 20 ° 13 ’ 59.88 ’’ S, 40 ° 12 ’ W: MNRJ 32749 [2 *]; Praia de Meaípe, Meaípe, 20 ° 44 ’ 35 ’’ S, 40 ° 32 ’ 13 ’’ W, 13 / x / 2014: MNRJ 34003 [1 lv *]; Piúma, J. Damasceno coll., iv / 2002: MZSP 87532 [1]; Aracruz, 19 ° 55 ’ S, 40 ° 10 ’ W, 06 / vi / 2010: MZSP 134695 [1 lv]; Guarapari, 20 ° 46 ’ 59.99 ’’ S, 40 ° 25 ’ 59.99 ’’ W, vi / 2011: MZSP 154091 [1]; Guarapari, 01 / iv / 2008: MZSP 154003 [2]; Guarapari, Coltro coll., 01 / vi / 2003: MZSP 37765 [1 lv]; HAB 13 sta. I 2: MNRJ 16281 [6 * p]; HAB 17 sta. I 2: MNRJ 17447 [2 *]; -- Cadeia Vitória-Trindade: Vitória Seamount, REVIZEE – Central sta. C 1 – C 62: MNRJ 15737 [1 *]; -- Rio de Janeiro state: HAB 13 sta. H 2: MNRJ 16282 [1 *]; HAB 13 sta. H 3: MNRJ 16280 [3 *], MNRJ 16286 [5 * p]; HAB 16 sta. H 3: MNRJ 17444 [8 * p]; HAB 13 sta. H 4: MNRJ 16285 [2 *]; HAB 16 sta. H 4: MNRJ 17448 [1 * p]; HAB 11 sta. G 3: MNRJ 16284 [2 * p]; HAB 11 sta. G 4 MNRJ 16283 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 3: MNRJ 17446 [5 *]; HAB 16 sta. G 4: MNRJ 17445 [1 *]; HAB 16 sta. B 4: MNRJ 17449 [2 * p]; 22 ° 48 ’ S, 40 ° 45 ’ W, supply-boat Astro Garoupa coll., iv / 1998: IBUFRJ 11692 [1], IBUFRJ 11693 [3]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 17 / xii / 2004: MNRJ 18957 [1 *]; 23 ° 04 ʹS, 40 ° 59 ʹW, 100 m, 22 / iii / 2005: MNRJ 18952 [1 *]; 23 ° 08 ʹS, 41 ° 02 ʹW, x / 2008: MNRJ 32953 [2 * p], MNRJ 32952 [1 *]; 23 ° 4 ’ 60 ’’ S, 40 ° 57 ’ 60 ’’ W, 100 m, vi / 2004: MNRJ 026298 [4 *]; GEOMAR XII sta. 63, 21 ° 40.5 ’ S, 40 ° 1.9 ʹW, 41.1 m, Oceanographic Ship Almirante Câmara coll., 28 / viii / 1979: IBUFRJ 7672 [1]; Praia do Forte, Cabo Frio, 16 / vii / 1988: MNRJ 020494 [4 *]; Cabo Frio, Cabo Frio, 10 m, xii / 1990: MNRJ 021302 [1 *]; Prainha, Arraial do Cabo, 3 m, 02 / ii / 1996: MNRJ 022248 [1 *]; Prainha, Arraial do Cabo, 22 ° 57 ’ 34.65 ’’ S, 42 ° 1 ’ 25.44 ’’ W, 3 m, ii / 1984: MNRJ 11770 [2 lv *]; Prainha, Arraial do Cabo, 22 ° 57 ’ 34.65 ’’ S, 42 ° 1 ’ 25.44 ’’ W, 02 / vii / 1993: MNRJ 14505 [2 *]; Itaipú, Niterói, 1981: IBUFRJ 977 [2]; Praia da Figueira, Angra dos Reis, C. Alvarenga coll., 1998: IBUFRJ 13584 [2]; Ilha do Cavaco, Angra dos Reis, 23 ° 0 ’ 53.18 ’’ S, 44 ° 16 ’ 7.86 ’’ W, 5 / vii / 1979: MNRJ 3993 [1 *]; Ilha Itanhangá, Baía da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, 22 ° 59 ’ 23.7 ’’ S, 44 ° 24 ’ 32.10 ’’ W, 05 / viii / 2008: MNRJ 19901 [2 *]; Ilha Cunhambebe Grande, Baía da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, 22 ° 58 ’ 4.40 ’’ S, 44 ° 24 ’ 52.40 ’’ W, 29 / ix / 2008: MNRJ 019902 [2 lv *]; Ilha do Aleijado, Baía da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, 22 ° 57 ’ 58.90 ’’ S, 44 ° 22 ’ 6 ’’ W, 29 / ix / 2008: MNRJ 019903 [5 lv *]; Angra dos Reis, 23 ° 7 ’ 37 ’’ S, 44 ° 17 ’ 5 ’’ W, L. Simone coll., 2007: MZSP 132110 [1 lv]; Paraty, 23 ° 11 ’ 27.10 ’’ S, 44 ° 37 ’ 24.30 ’’ W, L. Simone coll., 18 / i / 2014: MZSP 134443 [1 lv] Ilha Comprida, Paraty, 23 ° 10 ’ 39 ’’ S, 44 ° 40 ’ 39 ’’ W, C. M. Cunha, A. P. S. Dornellas, J. Jardim, P. O. V. Lima & L. R. Simone coll., 18 / i / 2008: MZSP 86967 [1 lv]; Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, 23 ° 13 ’ 8.70 ’’ S, 44 ° 9 ’ 21.99 ’’ W, 2005: MZSP 137673 [6 lv]; RAP IG sta. 1: UERJ 3734 [2]; RAP IG sta. 4: UERJ 4020 [9]; RAP IG sta. 5: UERJ 5858 [2]; RAP IG sta. 10: UERJ 3781 [5]; RAP IG sta. 12: UERJ 5634 [15]; RAP IG sta. 13: UERJ 4651 [7]; RAP IG sta. 15: UERJ 3941 [16]; RAP IG sta. 16: UERJ 5016 [3]; RAP IG sta. 17: UERJ 4460 [3]; RAP IG sta. 19: UERJ 5755 [4]; RAP IG sta. 21: UERJ 5788 [13]; RAP IG sta. 23: UERJ 5420 [3]; RAP IG sta. 24: UERJ 4933 [4]; RAP IG sta. 26: UERJ 5395 [1]; RAP IG sta. 29: UERJ 5678 [4]; RAP IG sta. 30: UERJ 5553 [1]; RAP IG sta. 31: UERJ 5172 [7]; RAP IG sta. 34: UERJ 5259 [4]; RAP IG sta. 35: UERJ 3668 [2]; RAP IG sta. 37: UERJ 4779 [1]; RAP IG sta. 38: UERJ 3839 [3]; RAP IG sta. 39: UERJ 3963 [8]; RAP IG sta. 40: UERJ 4336 [2]; Enseada de Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, 19 – 20 / xi / 1996: UERJ [16]; Ilha do Aleijado, Baía Da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, 22 ° 58 ’ 10.34 ” S, 44 ° 22 ’ 6.34 ’’ W: MNRJ 32764 [1 lv *]; Praia da Gávea, Lange-de-Morretes coll., 03 / vi / 1941: MZSP 17883 [1]; Porto do Açu, São João da Barra, 21 ° 48 ’ 40.52 ” S, 40 ° 59 ’ 12.01 ” W, 11 / viii / 2012: MZSP 113664 [1]; Porto do Açu, São João da Barra, 21 ° 49 ’ 4 ” S, 41 ° 00 ’ 04 ” W, vii / 2012: MZSP 111190 [4]; -- São Paulo state: Saco da Sangava, Ilha de Santo Amaro, Guarujá, J. Vaz coll., 25 / v / 1971: MZSP 33591 [1]; Praia do Pecê, Guarujá, L. R. L. Simone coll., ii / 1957: MZSP 82561 [16]; Ubatuba, 48 m, 23 ° 56 ’ 39 ” S, 45 ° 7 ’ 39 ” W, Navio Ocenográfico W. Besnard coll., 28 / vii / 1986: MZSP 84095 [1]; Enseada do Flamengo, Ubatuba, C. Jesus coll., 25 / vi / 1956: MZSP 52121 [1]; Praia Enseada, Ubatuba, L. R. L. Simone coll., 29 / xi / 1991: MZSP 83985 [1 lv]; Praia da Enseada, Ubatuba, Lange-de-Morretes coll., 21 / v / 1950: MZSP 52132 [76]; Itaguá, Ubatuba, x / 1992: IBUFRJ 6323 [1]; Praia da Enseada, Ubatuba, J. Vaz coll., v / 1967: MZSP 33558 [1]; Ilha Vitória, Ilhabela, 23 ° 47 ’ 26.77 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 44.19 ” W, 06 / xii / 2012: MZSP 109369 [1 lv], MZSP 109400 [2]; Ilha Vitória, Parcel dos Piratas, Ilhabela, 23 ° 45 ’ 14.10 ” S, 45 ° 01 ’ 6.90 ” W, 23 / x / 2012: MZSP 109846 [1]; Ilha dos Búzios, Costa do Aquário, Ilhabela, 23 ° 47 ’ 45.72 ” S, 45 ° 09 ’ 16.92 ” W, 16 / v / 2012: MZSP 105616 [3]; Ilha de Vitória, Saco da Professora, Ilhabela, 23 ° 44 ’ 52.80 ” S, 45 ° 00 ’ 54.72 ” W, 15 / v / 2012: MZSP 105735 [3]; 23 ° 58 ’ 59.99 ” S, 46 ° 22 ’ 0.01 ” W, J. Colella coll., vii / 1975: MZSP 134237 [80]; Praia das Cigarras, São Sebastião, M. Vanucci coll., 09 / ix / 1958: MZSP 52131 [1]; Praia do Araçá, São Sebastião, 24 ° 49 ’ 39 ” S, 45 ° 26 ’ 21.98 ” W, 21 / ii / 2013: MZSP 113374 [1]; Arquipélago dos Alcatrazes, São Sebastião, 24 ° 06 ’ 22.01 ” S, 45 ° 41 ’ 36.26 ” W, 03 / xii / 2012: MZSP 109301 [2]; Ilha do Castilho, ESEC Tupiniquins, Cananeia, 25 ° 16 ’ 39 ” S, 47 ° 57 ’ 39 ” W, 0 – 9 m, V. S. Amaral, C. H. Guimarães, P. O. Lima coll., 26 / i / 2007: MZSP 83455 [1]; -- Paraná state: Ilha dos Ratos, O. de Fiore coll.: MZSP 52345 [5]; Matinhos, 25 ° 50 ’ 41.78 ” S, 48 ° 32 ’ 13.99 ” W, 13 / vii / 2018: MZSP 152503 [5]; -- Santa Catarina state: Itapema, 08 / i / 1988: MNRJ 21086 [10 *].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF90A428FF3EFE9AB1A3FF29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Seila adamsii is possibly the most cited species of Cerithiopsidae in the western Atlantic, including several fossil records since the Miocene (e. g., Dall 1892; Richards 1962; Weisbord 1962; Spencer & Campbell 1987). The synonymy and chresonymy lists provided herein includ as many records as possible, mainly from Brazil, but most of them cannot be checked due to the absence of illustrations or voucher specimens. Lee (2020) presented a summary of records of Seila adamsii in the Caribbean and Florida, discussing its wide shell variation (especially in the protoconch) and distribution along the Florida coast. Lee (2020) considered that S. adamsii includes a complex of several species. In fact, since Olsson & Harbison (1953), some authors have reported various protoconch forms or even different species under the name S. adamsii from the USA and the Caribbean (e. g., Thiriot-Quiévreux 1980; Reed & Mikkelsen 1987; Lyons 1989; Lee 2009). Lee (2020) considered the existence of three morphs between North Carolina (USA) and Cuba, one with a multispiral protoconch (having a wide geographical range on both sides of Florida), the other two paucispiral (one of them particularly common in southern Florida and with a wide range in the Caribbean — also illustrated by Rolán & Fernandes 1990 and Cecalupo & Perugia 2020). The form with the multispiral type of protoconch occurs northwards at least until Weekapaug Point, Rhode Island (Krisberg 2010 f). Most shells of S. adamsii in Brazilian collections have a broken apex (Fig. 30 A – C). The very few shells with an intact protoconch always show the multispiral mode (Fig. 30 F, H), with up to 5.5 whorls, similarly to the concept of S. adamsii by Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980), who studied specimens from North Carolina (USA) and indicated the presence of granules in the embryonic whorl, which is also seen in shells from Brazil (Fig. 30 G). However, the protoconch length in shells from Brazil is ~ 700 µm, contrasting with the 400 µm long in multispiral protoconchs reported by Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980) and Rivera & Navarrete (2007), the latter from Mexico. Instead, protoconch dimensions from Brazil match with that reported as the lecithotrophic form of S. adamsii, named by Thiriot-Quiévreux (1980) as Seila adamsi var. beauforti (an unavailable name). We consider one image of the supposed paucispiral type (Thiriot-Quiévreux 1980: fig. 27) as multispiral and thus not matching “ var. beauforti ”. Rolán & Pelorce (2005) considered the protoconch sculpture the most constant character to distinguish species of Seila from West Africa. Protoconchs are not preserved in the type material of S. adamsii. Moreover, the protoconch morphology of Cerithium pseudoclavulus dʹOrbigny, 1852, from the Pliocene of Virginia, USA, and S. adamsii var. attenuata Dall, 1892, from the Miocene of Florida, USA are unknown. The available information about soft parts of S. adamsii is sparse: Dall (1889 a) described the external morphology, operculum, jaw and radula of S. terebralis, but did not cite the origin of the material, and Bandel (1984) illustrated the radula of a specimen from Colombia. In both works, there is no illustration of the shell. Currently, besides S. adamsii, only Seila tissieri Cecalupo & Perugia, 2020 (from Guadeloupe and Martinique) and Seila subalbida Dall, 1927 (from the deep sea off Georgia, USA) occur in the western Atlantic. While in the Pacific (Dushane & Draper 1975) and west Africa (Rolán & Pelorce 2005) the diversity of Seila is well known, a future elucidation of the several morphs in the western Atlantic depends on integrative research, combining morphology and genetics as well as the sampling of new material at the type locality of S. adamsii. Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Seila adamsii is probably the most cited Cerithiopsidae species in the western Atlantic, however, it probably constitutes a species complex. Its distribution includes records from several localities of the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic and Tropical Northwestern Atlantic provinces, ranging from Massachusetts (USA) to Venezuela, including the entire Greater Caribbean region. We confirm its occurrence on the North Brazil Shelf, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic Province and from the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic Province, and from Amapá to Santa Catarina states, including Abrolhos and the Vitória Seamount. It is also recorded from Uruguay (Forcelli & Narosky, 2015) as well as fossil forms from the Holocene. Littoral to 107 m (this study); the depth record of 157 m (Miyaji 2004), based on a single shell, must be considered with caution. This species has several fossil records (e. g., Dall 1892; Richards 1962; Weisbord 1962; Spencer & Campbell 1987), since the Miocene. Genus Cubalaskeya Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF90A428FF3EFE9AB1A3FF29.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Retilaskeya nivea Faber, 2007, by original designation.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF9BA428FF3EFBA6B39BF826.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes: NHMUK 1854.12. 4.512 [17]. Type locality. Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro Material examined. The types.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF9BA428FF3EFBA6B39BF826.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cerithium guaranianum was described by dʹOrbigny (1841) as abundant on the coast of Rio de Janeiro (southeastern Brazil), but curiously this name only appeared in the first catalogue of Brazilian mollusks (Lange-de-Morretes 1949), being ignored in the subsequent catalogues by Rios (1970, 1975, 1985, 1994, 2009). Houbrick (1974: 81) cited this name as a doubtful species whose type was not found and, based on the original illustration, assumed it to be an immature Cerithium atratum or a Cerithiopsis sp. Rosenberg (2009) listed it as Cerithiopsis guaraniana - dubious name. Tryon (1887) also illustrated this species, and allocated it to Cerithiopsis, but the provided image belongs to Cerithium peruvianum dʹOrbigny, 1841 (see below). Without examining the types, the assumption by Houbrick (1974) was based on the original figures by dʹOrbigny (1841). However, examination of the cabinet of the dʹOrbigny Collection in the Natural History Museum, U. K., revealed that the type is available and that the original captions for the figures of Cerithium guaranianum and Cerithium peruvianum in dʹOrbigny (1841) were inverted, leading to all those misidentifications. The syntypes of C. guaranianum must be related to figure 9 in dʹOrbigny (1841), while the syntypes of C. peruvianum correspond to figure 11. The syntypes of C. guaranianum are somewhat eroded specimens that correspond to the common littoral species Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840); we allocate it to Bittiolum guaranianum (dʹOrbigny, 1841) comb. nov., a junior synonym of B. varium.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF9BA428FF3EFE9AB2E2FC0D.taxon	description	(Fig. 31)	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF9BA428FF3EFE9AB2E2FC0D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: ZMA 4.07. 029. Paratypes: see Faber (2007). Type locality. Belize, Carrie Bow Cay, 20 m. Material examined. Bahamas: Abaco: Great Guana, 11 / iv / 2005: MNRJ 116073 [5]; Brazil: -- Pernambuco state: continental slope off Pernambuco state (no available locality and depth information): MNRJ 17235 [46 * p].	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF9BA428FF3EFE9AB2E2FC0D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shells of Cubalaskeya nivea from Brazil are very similar to those from the Caribbean (Faber 2007; Espinosa et al. 2007; Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008; Cecalupo & Perugia 2020), in shell shape and microsculpture of the teleoconch and in protoconch morphology. A discrete spiral microsculpture on the larval shell is herein figured for the first time (Fig. 31 H). Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Cubalaskeya nivea has a wide geographical range in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province (Belize, Honduras, Aruba, Curaçao, Cuba, Jamaica, Guadeloupe and Martinique) and in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (Pernambuco state). From 6 m (Cecalupo & Perugia 2020) to 60 m (Faber 2007).	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
03DC87A9FF9AA429FF3EFCB6B2F1FA11.taxon	description	Odé (1989) considered C. iota as the “ central form ” of a complex including C. iota, C. flava, and C. pesa. De Jong & Coomans (1988) considered it as a senior synonym of C. cynthiae. Rolán et al. (2007) considered it as a nomen dubium, but it as a synonym of C. flava (however, the illustrations of the holotype of C. flava in Rolán et al. 2007 (Pl. XII, fig. 108) actually is the holotype of C. albovittata.	en	Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Faria, Raquel Garofalo De Souza, Figueira, Raquel Medeiros Andrade, Fernandes, Maurício Romulo (2024): Unraveling another of the ‘ Big Fiveʹ: new species and records of Cerithiopsidae from Brazil (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Zootaxa 5494 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5494.1.1
