identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DC87E2FFE6305CFF17F8B5FE32F83D.text	03DC87E2FFE6305CFF17F8B5FE32F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy	<div><p>Genus Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy</p><p>Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 412 . Type species: Musca rudis Fabricius, 1794: 314, by original designation. For a comprehensive list of generic synonyms, see Rognes (1991a).</p><p>Recognition. Members of the genus Pollenia can be recognised by the following combination of characters: ground colour of abdomen and legs usually black (except a few members of the P. v i at i c a species-group); arista plumose; parafacial setulose along its whole length; absence of strong setae in lower part of parafacial; thoracic dorsum and pleuron with numerous long, thin, golden or yellow (very rarely black) curly setulae in addition to black setae and setulae; postalar wall setose; prosternum and proepisternal depression bare; 3(–5) humeral setae; usually 2 posthumeral setae: 1 outer posthumeral in line with or slightly inside line of presutural seta and 1 inner posthumeral; in some species the outer posthumeral is lacking, in other species there are 2 inner posthumeral setae; 1 presutural and 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; coxopleural streak almost always present; metathoracic spiracle large, with anterior lappet of about the same size as posterior lappet; stem vein bare (except P. atramentaria Meigen); subcostal sclerite usually with a bundle of long black or yellow setae among the layer of microscopic pubescence; anal vein not reaching margin; lower calypter broad, with inner edge converging with longitudinal axis of fly; hind coxa bare posteriorly; hind tibia with posterodorsal preapical seta not differentiated or very much shorter than anterodorsal and dorsal preapical setae (Rognes 1991a, 1998).</p><p>Species-groups. The genus is now usually subdivided into several species-groups, based mainly on genital but also other features of both sexes: the P. a m e n t a r i a (Scopoli) group (five species) (Rognes 1992b); the P. griseotomentosa (Jacentkovský) group (two species) (Rognes 1988); the P. haeretica Séguy group (two species) (Rognes 2010); the P. japonica Kano &amp; Shinonaga group (one species) (Rognes 1992b); the P. labialis Robineau- Desvoidy group (originally called the P. intermedia Macquart group, two species) (Rognes 1987a); the P. rudis (Fabricius) group (six species) (Rognes 1987b, 1991a); the P. semicinerea Villeneuve group (five species) (Rognes 1988); the P. tenuiforceps Séguy group (four species) (Rognes 1988); the P. vagabunda (Meigen) group (five species) (Rognes 1992a); the P. venturii Zumpt group (one species) (Rognes 1992b) and the P. viatica Robineau- Desvoidy group (eight species) (Rognes 1991b; Rognes &amp; Baz 2008).</p><p>These Palaearctic species-groups were defined and keyed, and their phylogenetic relationships examined by Rognes (1988, 1992b). Contributions to the knowledge of the morphology and nomenclature of Pollenia species were also given by Rognes (1991a, 1991b, 1991c). Contributions on the P. tenuiforceps group were given by Szpila (2000) and Rognes (2002), while Szpila &amp; Draber-Mońko (2008) contributed on the P. amentaria species-group. Pioneering work on Pollenia first instar larvae was published by Szpila (2003). Several species-groups have not been fully revised, i.e., the P. amentaria group, the P. griseotomentosa group, the P. japonica group and the P. tenuiforceps group, meaning above all that not all the females have been described, although all the males have. Since all West Palaearctic Pollenia species are well known, I feel justified in describing a new species on the basis of a single male specimen.</p><p>In Fan (1997), two species were described from China: Pollenia huangshanensis Fan &amp; Chen and Pollenia shaanxiensis Fan &amp; Wu. Both were included in a key to Pollenia together with other, already known species, i.e., Pollenia sytshevskajae Grunin, a junior synonym (cf. Rognes 1987a) of P. alajensis Rohdendorf (a member of the P. tenuiforceps group), P. pediculata Macquart (belonging in the P. rudis group), P. p ec t i n at a Grunin (belonging in the P. semicinerea group) and P. japonica (the single member of the P. japonica group).</p><p>Fan’s (1997) key also included the nominal species Pollenia aurata Séguy, 1934: 22 and P. bazini Séguy, 1934: 23, also from China, but these do not belong in Pollenia . I saw the types of both these Séguy species in MNHN during visits back in 1987 and 1990, and subsequently counted them among the species of Xanthotryxus in the Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (Rognes 1998: 636) . Séguy described both species as having the “gênes dénudées” [parafacials bare] and a broad facial carina. This confirms that they belong in the genus Xanthotryxus Aldrich, 1930, comb. nov., which is diagnosed as “[n]ear Pollenia, from which it differs especially by having the parafacials bare, and the face with a broad keel” (Aldrich 1930: 3). Verves (2005: 264) still treated P. a ur a t a as a species of Pollenia . He did not mention P. ba z i n i.</p><p>Feng (2004) described two additional new species from China in Pollenia, i.e., P. erlangshanna and P. sichuanensis .</p><p>The published illustrations of the genitalia of P. huangshanensis, P. shaanxiensis, P. erlangshanna and P. sichuanensis indicate that these species possibly also belong in the P. rudis species-group.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. Forty-two species were reported by Rognes (1998) to occur in the Palaearctic Region. Since then, one species was described from Spain ( P. rufifemorata Rognes &amp; Baz) in addition to the two species described from China by Feng (2004, see above). Six of the 45 Palaearctic species also occur in the Nearctic Region (Whitworth 2006) and are possibly all introduced there. In the Australasian and Oceanian Region an additional 41 species were listed (not counting two widespread Palaearctic species), most of which from New Zealand, by Kurahashi (1989). Dear (1986) reported that the New Zealand species do not have the “long, crinkled thoracic ground setulae. In some of them the abdomen is metallic blue or green, without distinct dusting …”. Nevertheless, he considered them congeneric with the Palaearctic species. In the Afrotropical Region there are no endemic species of Pollenia, although P. pediculata has recently been recorded from South Africa, obviously as a recent introduction. In the Oriental Region outside China a definite number of species cannot be given as several species treated by Senior-White et al. (1940) and catalogued by James (1977) in Pollenia belong in other genera ( Polleniopsis Townsend, Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, Dexopollenia Townsend). However, both Pollenia chotei Kurahashi &amp; Tumrasvin from Thailand and Pollenia hazarae Senior-White from India have a setose parafacial and seem to have been assigned to the correct genus (see Kurahashi 1992). In the Oriental Region Dexopollenia and Xanthotryxus seem to be much more common than Pollenia .</p><p>The finding of a new species of Pollenia from Jordan is surprising. The calliphorid and rhiniid fauna of Israel and adjacent areas (West Bank, Golan Heights and Sinai) has been recently revised (Rognes 2002) and the species was not among the material investigated then.</p><p>FIGURES 1–10. Pollenia bartaki sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CULSP). 1. Head, dorsal view. 2. Head, anterior view. 3. Head, lateral view, slightly from below. 4. Thorax, dorsal view. 5. Habitus, after dissection. 6. Second costal sector of wing, ventral view. 7. Tegula, basicosta and costagium. 8. Distal section of wing (artificial fold in wing makes R4+5 appear too curved). 9. Original label. 10. Holotype label.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87E2FFE6305CFF17F8B5FE32F83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rognes, Knut	Rognes, Knut (2016): A new species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from Jordan (Diptera: Calliphoridae: Polleniinae). Zootaxa 4067 (5): 569-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.3
03DC87E2FFE5305BFF17FBA8FE13FCDA.text	03DC87E2FFE5305BFF17FBA8FE13FCDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollenia bartaki	<div><p>Pollenia bartaki sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–18, 22–24.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (CULSP), labelled (1) NW Jordan, 20.v.2007 / NW of AJLUN, / 32°19.877'N 35°43.110'E / 850 m, Z. Kejval leg. [printed on white label]; (2) HOLOTYPE (m) / Pollenia / bartaki sp. nov. / K. Rognes des. 2015 [printed on red label] (Fig. 10).</p><p>Remarks. Abdomen dissected by KR. Abdominal T1–5 glued to the same card triangle as the rest of the body (Fig. 5). ST1–5 and genitalia stored in glycerol in a glass microvial on the pin, above the red holotype label. The holotype was glued to a triangular card by its right side upon reception (Fig. 5) and for this reason it was very difficult to examine (and photograph) the leg chaetotaxy and certain features of the thorax. The right hind leg was absent. The specimen appeared to have been kept in alcohol for a long time.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of my friend and colleague Miroslav Barták, who has kindly provided me with Pollenia material from my earliest days of work on this genus a long time ago, and who recently generously gave me the opportunity to work through his valuable collection of Calliphoridae and Rhiniidae mainly from the Afrotropical Region. The specific name is a noun in genitive case formed from the modern personal name of a man (ICZN 1999, Article 31.1.2.) by adding the suffix -i to the stem bartak.</p><p>Diagnosis. Separable from all its congeners by the very strongly curved surstylus in lateral view and narrow cerci in posterior view in combination with a yellow basicosta.</p><p>Description. Male. Length: about 6 mm (n = 1) (measured after dissection). Ground colour black; whole body with a thin layer of microtrichosity (“dusting”). Head. Frons at narrowest point/head width ratio: 0.04 (n = 1). Facial membrane black in lower half. A distinct, sharp facial keel. Palpus dark (difficult to observe). Setae on parafacial shorter than aristal rays. Gena invaded posteriorly by yellow vestiture in the hindmost part. Thorax. 3 postpronotal (“humeral”) setae; 1 outer and 1 inner posthumeral setae; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 1 presutural and 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 3 supra-alar setae; 2 notopleural setae; 2 postalar setae. Scutellum with 3 strong and 1 weak marginal setae and 1 discal scutellar seta near posterior margin; scutellum about twice as wide as long. Area above metathoracic spiracle impossible to observe, so it cannot be decided whether a coxopleural streak is present or not. Prothoracic and metathoracic spiracles yellow. Lappets of metathoracic spiracle not observable. Wing. Tegula black. Basicosta yellow. Subcostal sclerite yellow, without long setulae (may not be constant). Costagium, costa and other wing veins brownishyellow. Node at junction of humeral crossvein and subcosta on underside of wing bare, without setulae. Cell r4+5 open. Second costal sector bare on underside of wing. Node at junction of R2+3 and R4+5 with small setulae on upper side and a short distance beyond. Underside of wing difficult to observe in this region. Legs. Fore tibia with 1 posteroventral seta in distal third. Mid tibia with 1 strong anterodorsal seta, 1 posterodorsal seta, 2 posterior setae (the lower one strongest and level with the single anterodorsal seta), and 1 strong ventral seta. Hind tibia with 2 (or 3?) short anteroventral setae, shorter than tibial diameter; no erect setulae present among the anteroventral setae; 3 posterodorsal and 4 anterodorsal setae. Abdomen. Vestiture on ventral side of abdomen of the same type as dorsal vestiture, not particularly thin nor more densely set than dorsally. Abdomen dorsally with a shifting pattern of microtrichosity. Genitalia. Cerci very narrow in posterior view. Upper edge straight in lateral view, though slightly bent downwards apically. Surstylus strongly curved in lateral view with long setae ventrally in basal half, the curvature mostly affecting the distal half of the surstylus. Surstylus almost straight in posterior view, and, especially on the outside, armed with densely set long setae, increasing in length proximally. Also with numerous setae on the inside of the apical region. Pregonite narrow with 4–5 long setae. Postgonite narrow with a strong basal seta and numerous sensilla distally. Aedeagus with a median hypophallic, entirely sclerotised lobe. Lateral hypophallic lobes broad, distally pointed, dentate along ventral and posterior edges, with a narrow central strengthening; part posterior to central strengthening 3–4 times width of strengthening, part anterior to it about as wide as central strengthening. Paraphallic process long, slender, proceeding distally parallel to process of the opposite side; tip of paraphallic process with 7–8 minute tubercles. Shape of sclerotisation at base of distiphallus of type II (Rognes 1987b, 1991a). Distal opening of sperm duct wide.</p><p>Female and immature stages. Unknown.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Jordan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87E2FFE5305BFF17FBA8FE13FCDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rognes, Knut	Rognes, Knut (2016): A new species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from Jordan (Diptera: Calliphoridae: Polleniinae). Zootaxa 4067 (5): 569-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.3
