identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DC8345E833D072BAB2FB60FAB377D5.text	03DC8345E833D072BAB2FB60FAB377D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetrastigma	<div><p>Key to the species of Tetrastigma in Thailand</p><p>1. Tendrils5–7palmately branched;leaves palmately3-foliolate........ T. triphyllum (Gagnep.)W.T.Wang</p><p>– Tendrils simple or bifurcate; leaves simple, palmately 3–5(–7)-foliolate or pedately 5–7(–9)-foliolate ........................................................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Inflorescences on old stems (cauliflorous plants), more than 5 inflorescences per nodes ..................... ............................................................................................................................. T. cauliflorum Merr.</p><p>– Inflorescences on young branches, 1–3 inflorescences per nodes ...................................................... 3</p><p>3. Young branches with 4–5 sharp ridges ........................................ T. quadrangulum Gagnep. &amp; Craib – Young branches round or nearly round .............................................................................................. 4</p><p>4. Leaves palmately 3–5(–7)-foliolate or mixed with simple leaves or all leaves simple ..................... 5 – Leaves pedately 5–7(–9)-foliolate rarely mixed with 3-foliolate ..................................................... 16</p><p>5. Stems verrucose or with corky protuberances ................................................................................... 6 – Stems smooth, pubescent or with flaky cork ...................................................................................... 8</p><p>6. Stems with corky protuberances; leaves ovate to elliptic; stigma distinctly 4-lobed ......................... 7 – Stems verrucose; leaves lanceolate; stigma peltate ............................................. T. harmandii Planch.</p><p>7. Leaves fleshly; stigma cruciform; berries ellipsoid when dry ............... T. cruciatum Craib &amp; Gagnep. – Leaves coriaceous or papyraceous; stigma pointed lobes; berries pyriform when dry ......................... ......................................................................... T. assimile (Kurz) C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. &amp; Trias-Blasi</p><p>8. Shrubs, creeping, erect or decumbent ................................................................................................ 9 – Lianas .............................................................................................................................................. 10</p><p>9. Leaves simple or mixed with palmately 3(–5)-foliolate; pedicel 0.4–0.6 cm long ............................... ....................................................................................................................... T. bambusetorum Craib – Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm long .................................... T. apiculatum Gagnep.</p><p>10. Leaflets glabrous .............................................................................................................................. 11 – Leaflets pubescent or hirsute at least along the midrib on lower leaf surface ................................... 15</p><p>11. Female flower disc conspicuous, thick and adnate to lower part of ovary ........................................ 12 – Female flower disc inconspicuous ................................................................................................... 14</p><p>12. Terminal leaflets broadly elliptic to rhombic; berries pyriform when dry ............................................. .................................................................................. T. pedunculare (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch. – Terminal leaflets elliptic, ovate or lanceolate; berries ellipsoid when dry ........................................ 13</p><p>13. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous .................................................................. T. erubescens Planch. – Leaves papyraceous ........................................................................ T. dubium (M.A.Lawson) Planch.</p><p>14. Leaflets broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, apex caudate ................. T. campylocarpum (Kurz) Planch. – Leaflets lanceolate, apex attenuate ..................................................... T. planicaule (Hook.f.) Gagnep.</p><p>15. Ovary brownish hirsute; leaves palmately 5-foliolate ................ T. obovatum (M.A.Lawson) Gagnep. – Ovary glabrous; leaves palmately 3-foliolate ................................. T. dubium (M.A.Lawson) Planch.</p><p>16. Leaves 5-foliolate, rarely mixed with 7-foliolate ............................................................................. 17 – Leaves 7(–9)-foliolate, rarely mixed with 5-foliolate ...................................................................... 29</p><p>17. Branches glabrous; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces ..................................................................... 18 – Branches more or less pubescent; leaflets pubescent at least along the midvein on lower leaf surface ......................................................................................................................................................... 26</p><p>18. Secondary branches of peduncle 2 ....................................................................... T. baenzigeri C.L.Li – Secondary branches of peduncle more than 2 .................................................................................. 19</p><p>19. Berries pyriform or triangular when dry .......................................................................................... 20 – Berries globose, ovoid or ellipsoid when dry ................................................................................... 21</p><p>20. Terminal leaflets ovate–lanceolate, 3–4 × 6–9 cm; berries pyriform when dry ... T. pyriforme Gagnep. – Terminal leaflets obovate or elliptic, 4–5.5 × 9–12 cm; berries triangular when dry ............................ .......................................................................................... T. rumicispermum (M.A.Lawson) Planch.</p><p>21. Inflorescences compound umbel on pseudo-terminal branch or axile, umbelliform, loose; tendrils bifurcate ............................................................................................... T. serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. – Inflorescences compound umbel on axile, globose, compact; tendrils unbranched ......................... 22</p><p>22. Female flower disc inconspicuous .................................................... T. pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun – Female flower disc conspicuous, thick and adnate to lower part of ovary ........................................ 23</p><p>23. Stigma peltate, rounded or slightly 4-lobed ..................................................................................... 24 – Stigma cruciform, 4-lobed, obtuse, acute or pointed apex ............................................................... 25</p><p>24. Berries 1.8–3.0 × 1.5–2.5 cm; seed oblongoid; female flower disc 4-angled ........................................ .................................................................. T. jaichagunii C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. &amp; Trias-Blasi sp. nov. – Berries 0.8–1.2 × 0.8–1.2 cm; seed ellipsoid; female flower disc rounded ......... T. harmandii Planch.</p><p>25. Stigmas 4 acute or pointed lobes, style tubular 0.5–0.8 mm long ... T. dubium (M.A.Lawson) Planch. – Stigmas 4 obtuse lobes, style absent ............................. T. calcicola Kochaiph. &amp; Trias-Blasi sp. nov.</p><p>26. Leaflets broadly elliptic or ovate ..................................................................................................... 27 – Leaflets narrowly elliptic or lanceolate ........................................... T. dubium (M.A.Lawson) Planch.</p><p>27. Leaflets pubescent along nerve or at least along the midrib on the lower surface ............................ 28 – Leaflets pubescent on both surfaces ........................................ T. macrocorymbum Gagnep. ex J.Wen</p><p>28. Berries up to 1.5 cm in diameter .............................................................................. T. pilosum C.L.Li – Berries more than 2 cm in diameter ....................................................... T. siamense Gagnep. &amp; Craib</p><p>29. Berries 2–2.5 cm in diameter ................................................................................ T. teaniatum C.L.Li – Berries 0.8–1.5 cm in diameter ........................................................................................................ 30</p><p>30. Outer petals densely papillose ..................................... T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. – Outer petals glabrous ....................................................................................................................... 31</p><p>31. Secondary vein almost 90° with midrib; old branches verrucose, light brown; stigma 4 pointed lobes .............................................................................................................................. T. delavayi Gagnep.</p><p>– Secondary vein angle nearly 45° with midrib; old branches flaky, grey; stigma 4 rounded lobes or nearly globose, not lobed ............................................................................. T. godefroyanum Planch .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8345E833D072BAB2FB60FAB377D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kochaiphat, Phongsakorn;Trias-Blasi, Anna;Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee	Kochaiphat, Phongsakorn, Trias-Blasi, Anna, Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee (2016): Two new species of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) from Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy 201: 1-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.201
03DC8345E831D07BBBDAFB30FD2E7010.text	03DC8345E831D07BBBDAFB30FD2E7010.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiphat & Trias-Blasi & Pornpongrungrueng 2016	<div><p>Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. &amp; Trias-Blasi sp. nov.</p><p>Table 1, Figs 1–2 urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77155114-1</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Tetrastigma calcicola sp. nov. is most closely aligned to T. pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun, but differs in having a 4-lobed disc adnate to the lower part of the ovary, and small berries with a smooth surface (Table 1).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the habitat of this species, which is only found on limestone mountains.</p><p>Type materials</p><p>Holotype</p><p>THAILAND: Chiang Rai, Tham Luang Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park, 21 Mar. 2011, M. Norsaengsri &amp; N. Tathana 7810, ♀ fl. (holo-: QBG!).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>THAILAND: Chiang Rai, Tham Luang Khun, Nam Nang Non Forest Park, 10 Jul. 2012, M. Norsaengsri &amp; N. Tathana 9736, ♀ fr. (QBG).</p><p>Description</p><p>Slender climber. Stems terete, young branches terete, verrucose; mature stems corky; tendrils simple; stipules 2, deltate, c. 0.2 × 0.2 cm long, scale-like with age. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate or pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 0.8–5.0 cm long, glabrous, base slightly pulvinate; leaflets coriaceous; terminal leaflet petiolule 0.2–2.0 cm long, glabrous, terminal leaflet blade elliptic, obovate to oblanceolate, 2.0–8.0 × 1.0– 3.5 cm, base cuneate, margins serrate with minute protruding vein tip, apex acute to acuminate, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 0.1–1.0 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet petiolules, sessile to 0.6 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet blade elliptic, obovate to oblanceolate, 1.0–5.5 × 0.5–2.8 cm, base cuneate or asymmetrical, margins and apex as for terminal leaflet; veins conspicuous on lower sides, midrib protruding on both surfaces, glabrous, 1 main basal vein, 4–7 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary on young stem, 1–2 per node, compound umbel, male plant not seen; female plant 1.0– 2.5 cm in diameter, compact, globose; peduncles 0.3–1.0 cm, rarely puberulous. Female flowers’ bud ovoid, 1.0– 1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.5–1.0 mm long, papillose; calyx disciform, margins entire, papillose; petals ovate, 1.5–1.8 × 0.8 mm, apex slightly corniculate, outer surface densely papillose, margins entire; disc 4-lobed adnate to lower part of ovary; staminode clavate, c. 1.2 mm long; ovary conical, c. 0.8 × 0.8 mm; style sessile; stigma cruciform, 4-lobed, lobes obtuse, ciliate. Berries globose to ellipsoid, 0.8–1.0 × 0.7–0.8 cm, surface smooth, yellow or white when ripe, 1–3-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, 0.7–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 cm, testa transversely rugulose on both sides, adaxial surface with a Y shaped furrow, abaxial surface with an oblong chalaza, endosperm ‘ ’ shaped in cross-section.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from Thailand (Fig. 2).</p><p>Ecology and phenology</p><p>In open area on limestone mountain, dry evergreen forest, altitude 1,300 –1,450 m; flowering: February– March; fruiting: July–October.</p><p>Additional specimens examined</p><p>THAILAND. Chiang Rai:Doi Tung, 22 Oct. 1995, R. Pooma 1186, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); ibid., 18 Feb. 2005, J.F. Maxwell 05-147, ♀ fl. (CMUB).</p><p>Conservation status</p><p>We suggest to treat this species as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN (2012), as this species is only known from a few herbarium specimens and only two localities have been recorded: Doi Tung and Tham Luang Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park in Chiang Rai Province. Although the species seems to occur only in limestone mountains at high elevation, the number of populations and their sizes are not known so far.</p><p>Tetrastigma jaichagunii C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. &amp; Trias-Blasi sp. nov. Table 2, Figs 2–3 urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77155116-1</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species is similar to T. harmandii Planch., but differs from it by having more densely verrucose young branches, broader leaflets, 4-lobed thick discs, bigger globose berries and oblongoid seeds (Table 2). Some specimens were misidentified as T. hookeri Planch., an Indian species, but T. hookeri has narrow leaves and an inconspicuous disc in female flowers.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>We think that Prof. C.L. Li selected the specific epithet ‘Jaichagunii’ in honour of Mr Manit Jaichagun, from the CITES Scientific Authority in Thailand.</p><p>Type materials</p><p>Holotype</p><p>THAILAND. Trang, Khao Chong, 12 Mar. 1974, K. Larsen &amp; S. S. Larsen 33238, ♀ fl. (holo-: AAU!, iso-: BKF!, L!, P!).</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>THAILAND. Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park, 3 Aug. 1995, K. Larsen, S. S. Larsen, C. Tange, R. Moran &amp; P. Puudjaa 45370, ♀ fr. (AAU); Satun, Ta Le Bun, 26 Nov. 1985, J. F. Maxwell 85- 1060, ♀ fr. (L).</p><p>Description</p><p>Large climber. Stems flattened with age, young branches terete, verrucose; mature stems corky; tendrils simple; stipules 2, deltate, c. 0.4 × 0.3 cm, reduced to scale-like with age. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate or pedately 5(–7)-foliolate; petioles 4.0–19.0 cm long, verrucose, base pulvinate; leaflets papyraceous to subcoriaceous; terminal leaflet petiolule, 1–5.0 cm long, glabrous, terminal leaflet blade lanceolate, elliptic, to oblanceolate, 11.5–33.0 × 3.5–12.0 cm, base obtuse to cuneate, margins coarsely serrate with c. 0.5 protruding vein tip, apex acuminate to caudate, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 1.0– 3.5 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet petiolules, sessile– 2.5 cm long, glabrous, lateral leaflet blade lanceolate, elliptic to broadly elliptic, oblong, 8.5–30 × 2.5–11.5 cm, base obtuse to cuneate or asymmetrical, margins and apex as terminal leaflet; veins conspicuous on lower sides, midrib protruding on both surfaces, glabrous, 1 main basal vein, 6–13 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary on young stem, single, compound umbel; 2–3 cm in diameter, compact, umbelliform; peduncles 0.5–1.0 cm, puberulent, male plant not seen. Male flowers not seen. Female flowers’ bud ovoid, 2.0–3.0 mm long; pedicels 2.0–3.0 mm long, papillose; calyx disciform to cupuliform, margins undulate, ciliate; petals ovate to oblong, 2.2–3.0 × 1.5–1.8 mm, apex hooded, outer surface densely papillose, margins entire; disc thick, 4-angled, adnate to ovary; staminode clavate–trullate, 0.5–1.0 mm long; ovary conical, 1.0–1.2 × 1.0– 1.5 mm; style cylindrical, c. 0.5 mm long; stigma peltate, round or slightly 4-lobed, ciliate. Berries globose, 1.8–3.0 × 1.5–2.5 cm, surface smooth, green when young, yellow when ripe, 1–4-seeded. Seeds oblongoid, 1.2–1.4 × 1.0– 1.2 cm, testa transversely rugose on both sides, adaxial surface with an oblong furrow, abaxial surface with a linear chalaza, apex bilobed, apical notch 1.0–3.0 mm, endosperm ‘ ’ shaped in cross-section.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from Thailand (Fig. 2).</p><p>Ecology and Phenology</p><p>Along streams or in forest margins in evergreen forest; altitude 0–1,500 m; flowering: January–April; fruiting: June–January.</p><p>Additional specimens examined</p><p>THAILAND. NORTHERN: Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai, along the road, 40 km to Pai, 17 Sep. 1995, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C. Tange &amp; D. Sookchaloem 46583, ♀ fl. (AAU); Chiang Dao, 26 Dec. 1940, H.B.G. Garrett 1214, ♀ fr. (TCD, L, P); Doi Chiang Dao, 13 Jul. 1950, H.B.G. Garrett 1336 (P, L, K); ibid., 18 Dec. 1951, H.B.G. Garrett 1374 (P, L, K); ibid., 22 Jan. 1989, J.F. Maxwell 89-0081, ♀ fr. (L); Hang Dong, Mae Khanin, 7 Mar. 1999, S. Watthana &amp; W. Pongamornkul Wat. 240, ♀ fl. (QBG); Mae Tang, 19 Nov. 1990, J.F. Maxwell 90-1259, ♀ fr. (CMU); Mae Tang, Pa Pae, 17 Sep. 1995, BGO. Staff. 4507 (QBG); SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi: Between Kriti and Mueang Cha, 9 Jul. 1973, R. Geesink &amp; C. Phengklai 6220, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF, E, L, P); Thung Yai Naresuan, 11 Aug. 1992, J.F. Maxwell 93-869, ♀ fr. (CMUB); Thong Pha Phum, Thung Yai Naresuan, 10 Jun. 2002, M. Van De Bult 565, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); Phetchaburi: Kaeng Krachan National Park, 26 Aug. 1995, J.A.N. Parnell, J. Pendry &amp; T. Boonthavikoon 95-450, ♀ fr. (K); ibid., 25 Jun. 2000, M.F. Newman, T. Boonthavikoon, C. Hemrat &amp; D.J. Middleton 1040, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF, L, P); ibid., 9 Aug. 2002, D.J. Middleton, S. Suddee, S.J. Davies &amp; C. Hemrat 888, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); Prachuap Khiri Khan: Kaeng Krachan National Park, Pa La-u Waterfalls, 14 Aug. 2002, D.J. Middleton, S. Suddee, S.J. Davies &amp; C. Hemrat 1060, ♀ fr. (BKF, CMUB); PENINSULAR: Ranong: Klong Naka National Park, 24 Nov. 1974, R. Geesink, P. Hiepko &amp; C. Charoenpol 7519, ♀ fr. (BKF, K); ibid., 7 Jan. 1990, S. Hoover 5048, ♀ fr. (E); ibid., 8 Jan. 1990, S. Hoover 5481, ♀ fr. (E); ibid., 13 Jan. 1990, S. Hoover 6329, ♀ fr. (E); Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, 31 Jan. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 16912, ♀ fl. (L, P); No locality, 22 Jan. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 16805A (BK, K); Kapoe, 15 Jul. 1979, C. Niyomdham et al. 320, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF, K, L, P); Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, 11 Dec. 1979, T. Shimizu, H. Toyokuni, H. Koyama, T. Yahara &amp; C. Niyomdham T-26922 (AAU, BKF, L); Surat Thani: Klong Phanom National Park, 21 Mar. 2005, S. Gardner, P. Sidisunthorn &amp; P. Tippayasri ST1875, ³ fl. (QBG); Phangnga: Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, 2 Feb. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 16990, ♀ fl. (BK, BM, K, L); Phuket: Kathu, 12 Mar. 1929, A.F.G. Kerr 17463 (BK, K); Nakhon si thammarat: Ka Rom Waterfalls, 14 Apr. 1985, J.F. Maxwell 85-0396, ♀ fl. (BKF, L); ibid., 30 Oct. 1993, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, C.T. Norgaard, K. Pharsen, P. Puudjaa &amp; W. Ueachirakan 44163, ♀ fr. (AAU); Tha Sala, 2 Mar. 1986, J.F. Maxwell 86-0111, ♀ fl. (BKF, L); Thung Song, 19 Jul. 1929, Rabil 93, ♀ fr. (BK, L); Phatthalung: Khao Pu Khao Ya National Park, 16 Nov. 1990, K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, W. Nanakorn, W. Ueachirakan &amp; P. Sirirugsa 41534, ♀ fl. (AAU, K); Trang: Khao Chong, 13 Jun. 1974, R. Geesink, T. Hattink &amp; C. Charoenpol 7181, ♀ fr. (BKF, K); ibid., 10 Jul. 2000, D.J. Middleton, T. Boonthavikoon, S.J. Davies, C. Hemrat &amp; M.F. Newman 373, ♀ fr. (AAU, BKF); Pa Liang, 24 Apr. 1931, M.C. Laksanakarn 791, ♀ fl. (L, K); Sai Rung Waterfalls, 15 Mar. 2006, S. Gardner &amp; V. Chamchaumroon ST2480, ♀ fl. (QBG); Satun: Ko Ta Ru Tao, 19 Jan. 1918, A.F.G. Kerr 14188, ♀ fl. (BM, K); Klong Ton, 11 Mar. 1928, A.F.G. Kerr 14469, ♀ fl. (L, K); Yala: Bang Lang National Park, 12 Feb. 2004, D.J. Middleton, M. Phuphat, R. Pooma &amp; K. Williams 3011, ³ fl. (BKF, E); no locality, 25 Mar. 1998, C. Niyomdham 5331, ♀ fl. (BKF, K).</p><p>Conservation status</p><p>This species has rather large populations and is widely distributed in several parts of the country. Therefore, it is considered Least Concern (LC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8345E831D07BBBDAFB30FD2E7010	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kochaiphat, Phongsakorn;Trias-Blasi, Anna;Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee	Kochaiphat, Phongsakorn, Trias-Blasi, Anna, Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee (2016): Two new species of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) from Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy 201: 1-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.201
