taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DCAC591A6747724DF5FA3554BD1696.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental and Australasian: Indonesia, Australia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6747724DF5FA3554BD1696.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Lambkin (1986 b): Fig. 3): Asperala is distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the distinctly asperous ventral surface of the Cu cell of the forewing (Fig. 3 c (ii )). This feature along with the shape of CuP in the forewing (distinctly curved proximally, closely approaching A 1 just distal to cu- a) (Fig. 3 c (i )), are the autapomorphs for the genus. The pores and EEG (Eltringham’s extrusible organ) in the abdomen are yet to be described. The specimen used in this study had a peculiar semi-circular sulcus just posterior to the interantennal space.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6747724DF5FA3554BD1696.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: Nothing is known of the biology of Asperala. Asperala includes two species (see key, Lambkin 1986 b). 1. The perfoliate flagellomeres in Mimetispа are not as pronounced as the flagellomeres in both Euclimаciа and Nаmpistа and therefore key out twice.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6647714DF5FF62579515C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palearctic and Oriental: northeastern India to Japan, Philippines, Indonesia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6647714DF5FF62579515C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 4): Austroclimaciella can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the well-rounded prozone of the pronotum and tubular midzone that is conspicuously and regularly corrugated, lacking prominent dorsal “ hump ” on midzone of pronotum present in Tuberonotha (Fig. 4 a, c). The pterostigma terminates just distal to r-rs 2 and the wing apices are always with distinct pigmentation (Fig. 4 b). Austroclimaciella is the only mantispine genus in the Orient with small pores on the posterior margins of tergites IV, V, VI, VII and VIII (Fig. 4 d – f). The colour patterns of these mantispines are always a mixture of brown and yellow with a few black decorative bands. Head: vertex slightly domed anteromedially, flattening out posteriorly; postocular margin wide with few prominent setae; interocular space at anterior margin of scape as wide or narrower than width of eyes; scape lacks setae; flagellum length shorter than prothorax, lacks pale band in distal third; flagellomeres simple / unmodified, slightly broader than long at midlength, basal flagellomeres (approx. 8 – 10) with prominent whorl of setae on anterior margin which gradually change towards the apex into fine setae covering entire flagellomeres. Thorax: anterior margin rounded or with slight dorsally directed cusp; prozone well rounded, almost globose; pronotal shape of mid-section irregularly wrinkled, pronotum in dorsal view irregularly rugose; dorsal surface with setae, lateral and ventral surface pubescent (velvet appearance), setae conspicuous on dorsal prozone; maculae not pigmented, exist only as slight indent on posteriorly directed cusps with acute apices; constriction in pronotum posterior to maculae; posterior to maculae pronotum gradually increases in width up to conspicuous dorsal hump anterior to prescutum; prothorax longer than pterothorax, ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view straight. Pterothorax: mesothorax with setae; mesoscutal furrows present but inconspicuous, do not meet medially, fade towards medial plane, disappear midway; mesoscutellum anteriorly truncated, less than 1 / 3 of mesonotum length; metathorax glabrous to pubescent. Legs: mesotarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; metatarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment II – IV similar in size; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; meso- and metatarsal claw with less than four teeth, usually three; collectively triangular in shape (elongated middle tooth flanked by shorter teeth). Wings: venation comparatively complex; cells usually pigmented along anterior margin and / or distinct pigmentation on wing apices; radial cells comparatively elongated. Forewing with costal space terminating just basal to r-rs 1, pterostigma commencing just distal to r-rs 1; pterostigma terminates before midway of RS 3; sc-ra crossvein distinctly less than half the length of RS 3; two (rarely) or three c-ra crossveins distal to pterostigma; A 2 simple, basally fused with A 3. Hindwing: CuP straight; CuA slightly bent towards A 1; A 1 forked; cu-a long, connects to A 1 distal to fork. Male abdomen: length short, not extending past wing apices; tergites V and VI with two transverse rows of pores on anterolateral margin, pores do not extend to dorsum, each row consist of larger pores (5 – 10) along the centre, surrounded by many smaller pores (> 30), setae present among pores; area between the rows smooth, lacks setae, tergite VI with pores more conspicuous (Fig. Z); small pores on posterior margin of tergites IV, V, VI, VII and VIII; ectoprocts simple, short, do not extend past apex of sternite IX in lateral view, in caudal view ventrolaterally slightly globose, tapering off towards dorsomedial line; ventromedial lobes slightly swollen, ventrocaudally or ventromedially directed; sternite IX with square / angular medial protrusion on apex, directed ventrocaudally in lateral view; pseudopenis acute, similar in length of pseudopenal membrane, pseudopenal membrane broadly triangular, lateral apices with prominent hypomeres; gonocoxites short, distal apices do not reach level of hypomeres, basal apices do not reach basal apex of mediuncus; mediuncus with bifid distal apex and rounded basal apex; gonarcal protrusion shorter than pseudopenis and sub-acute. Notes: nothing is known about the biology of Austroclimaciella. The general size of Austroclimaciella is smaller than Tuberonotha and Pseudoclimaciella, but general colouration of the genus is quite similar to both Tuberonotha and Pseudoclimaciella, possible mimics of Polistes spp. wasps. Photos of live specimens may reveal whether the wings are held in a vespoid manner, similar to other wasp mimics in Mantispidae. The generic description is based on A. quadrituberculata, A. luzonica, A. maculata, A. habutsuella, and A. weelei. The boundaries between these species are not well defined. A. habutsuella and A. weelei lack a broad black band on the posterior margin of the vertex, lack pigmentation in RS 2 and RS 3 and the cells anterior to Rs in the forewing as well as a short pseudopenis. In turn, A. quadrituberculata, A. luzonica and A. maculata all have a black band on the posterior margin of the vertex, all radial cells as well as the cells anterior to Rs are pigmented, and the pseudopenis is markedly longer than what is found in A. habutsuella and A. weelei. Handschin, (1961) separated all of these species mainly according to “ loose ” distribution patterns and slight variation in the pigmentation of the wing apices which has greater variability than proposed by the author. These are thus found not to be adequate characters. Xiushuai (2010), however, kept the species separate in an unpublished thesis. Unfortunately, the thesis could not be translated to verify the characters. It is possible that A. weelei is a synonym of A. habutsuella and A. luzonica and A. maculata are both synonyms of A. quadrituberculata (see Appendix I). A revision of Austroclimaciella should be done as confirmation.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A64477F4DF5FB1C578C125F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: India, Indonesia, Malaysia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A64477F4DF5FB1C578C125F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 5): Campanacella can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the peculiar formation of cu-m in the forewing (Fig. 5 b). The cu-m is fused with M to form a distinct anteriorly directed loop touching R posterior to the origin of the costal space. The wings are always without pigmentation and the pronotum is at least 1 ½ times the length of the pterothorax (Fig. 5 d). Head: vertex with slight longitudinal ridge from the interantennal space to the occiput, flattening out laterally towards the ocular margin, postocular margin narrow, interocular space at anterior margin of scape distinctly narrower than width of eyes; scape usually lacks setae but a few may be present, flagellum length shorter than prothorax, flagellomeres simple / unmodified, similar in length than width, squircular in shape, each antennule with multiple whorls of anteriorly directed setae, flagellum lacks pale band in distal third. Thorax (Fig. 5 a and c): anterior margin with dorsoanteriorly directed cusp, pronotal shape of mid-section almost cylindrical, regular corrugation in dorsal view, lateral surfaces with long sparsely distributed setae; maculae pigmented and flattened, dorsolaterally directed (away from medial plane); posterior to maculae pronotum gradually decreases in width up to midway of mesozone, then increases in width; dorsal cusp anterior to prescutum inconspicuous if compared to corrugation on dorsum; prothorax longer than pterothorax; ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view straight; pterothorax: lacks setae but pubescent (velvet appearance), mesoscutal furrows conspicuous, meet at prominent central furrow, central furrow shaped as laterally compressed conical pit; mesoscutellum triangular, terminates just posterior to central furrow. Legs: meso- and metatarsus with segment I longer in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; metatarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment II – IV similar in size; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; meso- and metatarsal claws consisting of four to six teeth, with a collective rounded shape (middle teeth not distinctly longer, similar in length). Wings: wings hyaline, unpigmented; pterostigma unmodified. Forewing: costal space terminating just basal to r-rs 1; pterostigma commencing midway of RS 2, terminates midway of RS 3; sc-ra crossvein distinctly less than half the length of RS 3, c-ra crossveins distal to pterostigma one, rarely two or three, A 3 simple, A 1 and A 2 fused basally, CuP slightly curved proximally. Hindwing: cu-m fused with M to form a distinct anteriorly directed loop touching R posterior to costal space origin; A 1 forked, A 2 present, CuA distinctly bent towards A 1, cu-a long, rarely attenuated or absent. Male abdomen (Fig. 5 e – i): length short, not extending past wing apices; tergite VI with two transverse rows of approximately 15 – 25 pores on anterolateral margin, pores do not extend to dorsum, rows meet prior to dorsum to form collective oval shape (Fig. 5 h [i – ii]); setae present among pores; central region flanked by pores lacks setae; ectoprocts posteriorly slightly elongated but do not extend past apex of sternite IX in lateral view, apices not globose; ventromedial lobes prominent, medially directed, majority of spines on ventral surface, sternite IX with prominent central patch of setae, ventrocaudal indentation posterior to setae patch in lateral view, indentation with conspicuously less setae than surrounding areas; pseudopenis longer than pseudopenal membrane; pseudopenal membrane triangular, tapering towards pseudopenis; hypomeres prominent 1 / 3 from midline to gonocoxites; basal apices of gonocoxites extend past hypomeres, median gonarcal lobe a thin elongated protrusion, ½ the length of pseudopenis, basal apex of mediuncus arrow-shaped, basally elongated, extending well past the basal apices of the gonocoxites. Notes: The biology of Campanacella remains unknown. At rest the wings are held in a roof-like manner over the abdomen, unlike the wasp mimicking genera. The colouration of C. hamiltonella (Westwood, 1867) and C. radiata (Navás, 1914 b) corresponds well with C. javanica (Westwood, 1852). Both the overlapping distributions and similar morphology indicate that a possible synonymy between the and should be investigated.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6A477C4DF5FC7650C210B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palearctic, Oriental: Widespread. Australasian: northern Australia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6A477C4DF5FC7650C210B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Lambkin (1986 b )) (Fig. 6 b, d and f): Euclimacia can be distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the symmetrical, perfoliate flagellomeres (Fig. 6 b and d), the very short, distinctly shaped pronotum (shorter than the pterothorax), and conspicuous wing pigmentation (Fig. 6 f). The species are often brightly coloured and metallic; they resemble several wasp species. Notes: Euclimacia is a well-known wasp mimicking genus common throughout the Orient (Beck 2005, Bhattacharjee et al. 2010 and Ohl 2004 a, 2011). Euclimacia is a large genus comprising at least 31 described species. No key to the species have been published, however, a revision of the genus is ongoing (teste M. Ohl) (see Appendix). A single undescribed species of Euclimacia has been reared from a spider nest in Malaysia (Ohl 2011).	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A69477D4DF5FDDE511E10EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palearctic, Oriental, and Australasian: Far eastern USSR, Japan, northeastern India to New Guinea.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A69477D4DF5FDDE511E10EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 7): Eumantispa can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the subdivision of the radial cells (Fig. 7 a and b). To our knowledge this feature is not found in any other mantispine genus. Notes: The Eumantispa of China were reviewed by Yang & Liu (2010). A new species, E. pseudoharmandi, was described. The figures of the newly described species erroneously refer to E. paraharmandi and was corrected in a subsequent publication (Yang & Liu 2011). E. pseudoharmandi is regarded as the correct name. The species resembles quite a number of unidentified specimens found in the collections from the various museums from outside China. It is therefore possible that E. pseudoharmandi is a synonym of a species already described and should be investigated (see Appendix). Eumantispa harmandi has been associated with several species of Agelenidae spiders and one Sparassidae species (Hirata & Ishii 1995). The first instar larvae are known to board spiders; they attach to the carapace of the spider (Hirata & Ishii 1995; Hirata 1999).	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A68477D4DF5FE26544A1766.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Borneo, Indonesia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A68477D4DF5FE26544A1766.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 6 a, c and e): Mimetispa can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the symmetrical perfoliate flagellomeres, the short pronotum (similar or slightly longer than the pterothorax) and conspicuously long flagellum. The diagnosis is based on a single female and are thus incomplete. Notes: Handschin (1961) separated Mimetispa from Euclimacia because of the following characters (paraphrased): “ The bifurcation of A 1, Cu 1 and Cu 2 in the FW, the proportions of CuZ 1 [sic] and CuZ 2 [sic] and the flagellum length and width. The CuZ 2 in Euclimacia is simple and the first cubital cell is always smaller than the second. In Mimetispa the first cubital cell is considerably larger than the second. The prothorax is smooth and almost hairless with the inconspicuous maculae on the sides. In Euclimacia, the maculae are very prominent. The constriction posterior to the maculae is also not as prominent as in Euclimacia. The antennae in Mimetispa are also long and thin. ” Only one female M. simulatrix specimen, identified by Handschin, could be obtained for this study. In addition, an undescribed species, female, also with exceptionally long antennae was obtained. All the differences he noted in his revision are not apparent in the M. simulatrix specimen studied and even less apparent in the undescribed species. However, the first cubital cell is larger than the second in both specimens and the antennal flagellum is considerably longer than the prothorax and somewhat thinner than the average Euclimacia flagellum. The prothorax in Mimetispa is also longer than the pterothorax, unlike the short prothorax in Euclimacia. The undescribed specimen, however, had characters similar to Euclimacia and Mimetispa. It is possible that Mimetispa is an unusual Euclimacia species or that it may well be a separate genus. Before more Mimetispa specimens are obtained, and the male abdomen is described and compared to that of Euclimacia, the relationship between the taxa will remain unresolved (see Appendix). It has been suggested that Mimetispa is a possible mimic of Braconidae. Kees van Achterberg, an eminent braconid expert, confirmed that there are a number of Braconidae species in south-eastern Asia which are similarly sized and have similar colour patterns as found in Mimetispa. Nothing else is known about the biology of Mimetispa.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A68477A4DF5F9AF5123107B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Ohl 2009) (Fig. 8): Nampista can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the unique asymmetrically lamellate or asymmetrically perfoliate flagellomeres (Fig. 8 a; b; e) and the membranous intersegmental area at the base of tergum II, which is large and yellow in this genus (Fig. 8 c). The pronotum is also very short, similar in shape to that of Euclimacia (Fig. 8 c). Some form of wing pigmentation is always present. The eyes are comparatively reduced / small (Fig. 8 e). In the hindwing, the cu-a crossvein reaches A 1 proximal to the fork. A single lateral pore is present on tergite VI and VII in N. africana (Fig. 8 d). It is not known if this is a generic character (see Nampista in Material and Methods section). Notes: Nothing is known about the biology of Nampista. There are currently three species included in the genus with a key to the species published in the revision by Ohl (2009) (see Appendix I).	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6F47784DF5FE8A54CD13AA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Australasian: Papua New Guinea.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6F47784DF5FE8A54CD13AA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 9): Stenomantispa can be distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the combination of the conspicuously keeled tergites (Fig. 9 c), wing pigmentation always surrounding the r-rs crossveins (Fig. 9 b and e), and the endemic distribution limited to Papua New Guinea. Head: vertex slightly domed anteromedially, flattening out laterally and posteriorly except for slight longitudinal ridge connecting dome with occiput; postocular margin broad, covered in setae; interocular space at anterior margin of scape as wide or narrower than width of eyes; scape with few setae; flagellum slender, length 2 / 3 of prothorax, lacks pale band in distal third; flagellomeres simple / unmodified, basal flagellomeres (approx. 8 – 10) with prominent whorl of setae on anterior margin which gradually change towards the apex into fine setae covering entire flagellomeres. Thorax: pronotum shape of mid-section irregularly wrinkled, pronotum in dorsal view irregularly rugose with prominent central hump posterior to slight constriction posterior to maculae; with sparsely distributed setae, usually restricted to lateroventral anterior, the surface pubescent (velvet appearance); maculae conspicuous, slight flattened and pigmented dorsum, maculae posterodorsally directed; prothorax longer than pterothorax, ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view slightly bent dorsad anterior to maculae. Mesoscutal furrows obsolete, pterothorax pubescent, sometimes with sparsely distributed setae, mesoscutellum length 1 / 3 of mesothorax. Legs: mesotarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; metatarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment II – IV similar in size; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; meso- and metatarsal teeth consisting of five to seven, with a collective rounded shape (middle teeth similar in length). Wings: pigmentation of the cell regions flanking Rs origin and r-rs crossveins always present, more prevalent in S. ilsae; radial cells comparatively unmodified. Forewing: costal space terminates at r-rs 1; pterostigma unmodified, commencing mid-way of RS 2, terminates mid-way of RS 3, sc-ra crossvein distinctly less than half the length of RS 3, zero or one (S. ilsae) or two or three (S. reinhardi) c-ra crossveins distal to pterostigma, A 1 and A 2 simple, A 2 and A 3 fused basally, CuP straight, sometimes slightly curved proximally to approach A 1. Hindwing with A 1 forked, A 2 present but attenuated, easily interpreted as absent, CuA bent towards A 1, cu-a long connects to A 1 distal to fork. Male abdomen (Fig. 9 d, f, g, h): length short, not extending past wing apices, tergites III – VI conspicuously keeled, tergites V and VI with two transverse rows of pores on anterolateral margin, pores do not extend to dorsum, each row consists of five to 12 pores, setae present among pores; area between the rows smooth, lacks setae; ectoprocts simple, short, do not extend past apex of sternite IX in lateral view, in caudal view ventrolaterally slightly globose, tapering off towards dorsomedial line; ventromedial lobes prominent, posteriorly enlarged, ventrocaudally or ventromedially directed; sternite IX with globose scoop-like medial protrusion on apex, protrusion bifid after maceration, directed posteriorly in lateral view; pseudopenis short to medium in length, similar or slightly longer than length of pseudopenal membrane; pseudopenal membrane triangular with hypomeres situated laterally (S. ilsae) or laterodorsally (S. reinhardi), gonocoxites short, 2 / 3 of mediuncus length, non-parallel, approach distal apex of mediuncus, never reaching level of hypomeres; mediuncus distal apex bifid, basal apex oval to spear shaped; gonarcal lobe similar in length to pseudopenis, apex acutely produced (S. ilsae) or sub-acute to rounded (S. reinhardi).	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6F47784DF5FE8A54CD13AA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: nothing is known about the biology of Stenomantispa. There are only two species included in the genus (see Appendix).	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6D47794DF5FCEF567816B6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palearctic, Oriental, and Australasia: Japan, India to Australia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A6D47794DF5FCEF567816B6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 10): Tuberonotha can be distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the conspicuous irregularly rugose pronotum, distinct constriction posterior to maculae followed by prominent dorsal hump on midzone (Fig. 10 a – b) of pronotum, the lack of pigmentation in the wings, and the body colouration. These mantispines are always predominantly brown (yellow-brown in T. regia) with the posterior margin of the tergites yellow except for the terminal tergites which are completely yellow (all species except T. regia) Head: vertex flat; postocular margin broad, bearing setae; interocular space at anterior margin of scape as wide as width of eyes; scape bearing setae, flagellum length shorter than prothorax, lacking pale band in distal third, often ending in few pale apical flagellomeres; flagellomeres simple / unmodified, three times broader than long at midlength, each antennule with a single whorl of prominent setae. Pronotum shape of mid-section irregularly wrinkled, pronotum in dorsal view irregularly rugose, surface bearing setae, anterior dorsum pubescent, maculae enlarged and prominent, unpigmented, directed posteriorly; sharp constriction posterior to maculae, followed by prominent dorsal hump, followed by lateral humps; prothorax similar in length or slightly longer than pterothorax, ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view bent ventrad at midlength. Mesothorax bears setae, metathorax pubescent; mesoscutal furrows obsolete, central furrow comparatively under-developed. Legs: meso- and metatarsus with segment I slightly longer in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; segment V anterodorsally flattened; meso- and metatarsal claws consisting of four to six teeth, usually five, rarely less than five, with a collective rounded shape (mid teeth similar in length); metatibia midsection always yellow, flanked by darker regions at basal and distal joints. Wings: cells in costal space pigmented; radial cells comparatively elongated; forewing with costal space terminating at r-rs 1, pterostigma commencing just after at 1 / 3 to midway of RS 2; sc-ra crossvein distinctly less than half the length of RS 3, two or three c-ra crossveins distal to pterostigma, rarely one; A 2 simple, A 2 and A 3 fused basally, curious vestigial vein in jugal lobe, CuP straight distal to cu-a 1 crossvein. Hindwing with A 1 forked, A 2 absent (present in T. regia), CuA slightly bent towards A 1, can be interpreted as straight; cu-a long, connects with A 1 distal to fork. Male abdomen (Fig. e – j): length short, not extending past wing apices; tergites V and VI with two parallel transverse rows of pores on anterolateral margin, pores do not extend to dorsum, each row consist of larger pores (8 – 15) along the centre, surrounded by many smaller pores (> 30), short stout setae present among pores; area between the rows smooth, lacks setae; ectoprocts simple, short, do not extend past apex of sternite IX in lateral view, in caudal view ventrolaterally slightly globose, tapering off towards dorsomedial line; ventromedial lobes prominent, slightly dorsoventrally compressed, posteriorly directed; sternite IX with medial projection rounded, bifid in ventral view; gonocoxites non-parallel, approach anterior apex of mediuncus, anterior apex of gonocoxites just short or reaching level of hypomeres; mediuncus distal apex bifid, basal apex with lateral flanges, flanges well produced, curved caudally; gonarcal lobe well developed, apex rounded to subacute, similar in length to pseudopenis. Notes: when at rest, the wings are held in a vespoid manner. The overall brown colouration with posterior margin of tergites yellow (not T. regia) is very similar to the colouration of some Polistes. It is therefore thought to be a wasp mimic (Beck 2005). T. regia has a generally different colouration to the rest of the Tuberonotha species. It is a much lighter brown, almost yellow. It also lacks the yellow tergal margins with the addition of a black anterior pronotal margin. It might be that the species mimics a different group / species of wasps. This genus is very similar to the Afrotropical genus, Pseudoclimaciella. The main morphological difference is the absence of pigmentation on the wing apices that is present in Pseudoclimaciella. There are currently five Tuberonotha species awaiting revision. a It is possible to interpret some Necyla pronotal surfaces as granulated because of the setae found on the pronotum; however, the surface is never as distinctly granulated as found in Austromantispa.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7247674DF5FE6856BD13F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental and Australasian: Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7247674DF5FE6856BD13F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Modified from Lambkin 1986 b): Austromantispa is distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the combination of a simple A 1 in the hindwing, the presence of short thick setae on the dorsum of a granulated pronotum, and a simple or unmodified pterostigma.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7247644DF5FD1355BE176F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palearctic and Oriental: widespread	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7247644DF5FD1355BE176F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Necyla is distinguished from all other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the combination of a pronotum bearing setae (sometimes inconspicuously granulated). The A 1 in the hindwing is forked and fused with CuA for a significant distance distal to the fork, and a simple or unmodified pterostigma (See Table 1). Head: glabrous anteromedial dome directly posterior to interantennal space, flattening out posteriorly; interocular space at anterior margin of scape as wide or narrower than width of eyes; scape smooth, usually lacks setae, rarely with few setae; flagellum slender, significantly shorter than prothorax, lacks pale band in distal third; flagellomeres simple / unmodified, similar in length than width, squircular in shape, each antennule with multiple whorls of anteriorly directed setae. Thorax: Anterior margin with anterodorsally directed cusp; pronotal mid-section cylindrical, pronotum in dorsal view lacks transverse ridges, surface granulated, sometimes faintly corrugated, sometimes inconspicuously so; setae always present both dorsally and laterally, surface often pubescent, maculae inconspicuous dorsolateral cusps, never pigmented and thus similar colour to surrounding areas, dorsolaterally directed; prothorax conspicuously longer than pterothorax, ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view straight. Pterothorax: lacks setae but pubescent, mesoscutal furrows conspicuous, meet at prominent central furrow, central furrow shaped as conical pit, pit slightly anteriorly directed; mesoscutellum triangular, terminates just posterior to central furrow. Legs: Mesofemur usually with dark longitudinal band / line; Meso- and metatarsus with segment I more than double in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; segment V flat anterodorsally; meso- and metatarsal claws comprising three to five teeth, with a collective triangular shape (elongated middle teeth flanked by shorter teeth). Wings: venation comparatively simple; cells hyaline; radial cells comparatively compressed into box-like shapes. Forewing costal space terminates just distal to commencement of Rs; pterostigma unmodified, commencing at r-rs 1, sc-ra crossvein approximately half the length of RS 3, one c-ra crossvein distal to pterostigma, A 2 simple, A 2 and A 3 fused basally, CuP straight distal to cup-a 1. Hindwing with A 1 forked, A 2 strongly attenuated, often interpreted as absent, complete fusion between CuA and A 1 for significant length distal to A 1 fork, cu-a thus absent and should be interpreted as cu + a. Male abdomen: length short, not extending past wing apices. EEG between tergite V and VI well developed; ectoprocts elongated, surpass the posterior apex of sternite IX, slightly globose apex, directed posteriorly, ventromedial lobes prominent, directed ventrally to ventromedially in caudal view; sternite IX with rounded, unsclerotised medial projection in ventral view, directed posteriorly in lateral view; pseudopenis conspicuous, shorter or similar to the length of the pseudopenal membrane; pseudopenal membrane slightly sclerotised with rough ventral surface; hypomeres prominent; distal apex of gonocoxites strongly curved dorsally, sometimes with additional inward projection, distal apex reach the level of the hypomeres, never surpass the distal apex of the pseudopenal membrane; medial gonarcal protrusion sclerotised and thorn-like, acute apex, slightly shorter than pseudopenis, conspicuously curved dorsally in lateral view; distal apex of mediuncus usually deeply bifid in ventral view, proximal apex of mediuncus variable in shape, oval to rounded arrow-like in shape, apex surpass or is level with proximal apex of gonocoxites.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7247644DF5FD1355BE176F.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: The biology of Necyla is still unknown. The wings are held in a roof-like manner over the abdomen. Sexual dimorphism is present in the seemingly closely related Afrotropical genus Cercomantispa. Cercomantispa also has the characteristics listed for Austromantispa, Necyla and Xaviera. All males of Cercomantispa usually have specific colour patterns on the inner surface of the profemur that are absent in the females. Some males of Necyla species have similar patterns on both the inner- and outer surface of the profemur. It is therefore possible that a similar phenomenon is present in all of Necyla. As with Cercomantispa, the females might have been described as separate species and be the cause of an increased number of synonyms. Notes: Necyla has largely been ignored since the 1930 ’ s. This might be due to the bad condition of the type specimens, as well as vague and inconclusive descriptions of species belonging to the genus. Tjeder (1963) raised concerns about the validity of Cercomantispa and suggested that Cercomantispa might be a synonym of the previously described Necyla. The male genitalia and the anal veins in the hindwings (Fig. 11 h), however, support the separation (Snyman et al. 2012). Tjeder’s paper went largely unnoticed and consequently left an opening for description of the genus Orientispa Poivré, 1984 a, which includes delicate mantispine species found in the Palearctic and Oriental region. In support of the new genus, Poivré (1984 a) compared the morphology to that of Afrotropical Mantispa (now Afromantispa), Mantispa and Cercomantispa. Like Orientispa, Necyla is also a predominantly Palearctic and Oriental genus, (unlike Afromantispa and Cercomantispa) but never received the attention of subsequent authors. Following the description of Orientispa, Yang (1999) described nine new species and assigned them to Orientispa that only had two species at that stage. It is quite plausible to suspect that some of the species described by Yang (1999) are synonyms of Necyla species already described. Since the types of Yang’s species were not available at the time of study, and his publication could not be translated, uncertainty about the validity of the species persists. The sketches in Yang’s (1999) publication, however, were sufficient to assure us that Orientispa is indeed a synonym of Necyla. Unfortunately, Necyla pupa Navás, 1927 was not studied, and the description is not adequate. However, the type locality, Somalia, places doubt on whether this species is indeed part of Necyla. Afromantispa nana (Erichson, 1839), a small species is common in the drier parts of Africa and the surrounding Arabian Peninsula and commonly mistaken for Necyla, e. g. Necyla arabica and Necyla bonhourei which have already been identified as synonyms of A. nana. N. luzonensis seems to be an interesting species and it remains doubtful whether this species belongs in Necyla. The species has a single pore on each side of the anterolateral margin of sternite VII (Fig. 11 l). It is the only species, to my knowledge, with sternal pores. Subsequent investigation might lead to the description of a new genus.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7147644DF5F9A654BA16EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental and Australasia: Indonesia to Australia.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7147644DF5F9A654BA16EA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Lambkin 1986 b): Xaviera can be distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the combination of a glabrous pronotum (sometimes bearing a few fine setae on the dorsum) and a hindwing with a forked A 1 that is fused for a significant distance with CuA distal to the fork. The pterostigma is rounded and distally truncate.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7747634DF5FC2E502A123A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palearctic: widespread, western Europe to China. (Doubtful records make it unclear, possibly some areas of the Orient and the Afrotropics).	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7747634DF5FC2E502A123A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 12): Mantispa can be distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the presence of short, stout setae on the occiput, the pronotum and mesothorax combined with an attenuated or absent crossvein between A 1 and CuP. Head: vertex with slight longitudinal ridge from the well-developed dome posterior to the interantennal space to the occiput, slight indentation halfway, flattening out laterally towards the ocular margin, postocular margin broad, covered in short stout setae, interocular space at anterior margin of scape broader than or similar to width of eyes; scape bearing few setae, flagellum length significantly shorter than prothorax, flagellomeres simple / unmodified, similar in length and width, squircular in shape, basal half of flagellomeres with prominent whorl of setae on anterior margin which gradually changes towards the apex into fine setae covering entire flagellomeres. Thorax: anterior margin with dorsoanteriorly directed cusp bearing short stout setae, pronotal shape of midsection almost cylindrical sometimes with slight corrugations in dorsal view, dorsum with dark short stout setae, few setae may be present anterolaterally or posterolaterally; maculae inconspicuous acute cusps, dorsolaterally directed (away from medial plane), posterior to maculae pronotum gradually increases in width; prothorax longer than pterothorax; ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view straight; pterothorax: mesothorax with dark short stout setae, mesoscutal furrows conspicuous, meet at prominent central furrow, central furrow shaped as laterally compressed conical pit; mesoscutellum triangular, terminates just posterior to central furrow; metathorax lacks stout setae, may be pubescent (velvet appearance). Legs: meso- and metatarsus with segment I longer in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; metatarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment II – IV similar in size; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; meso- and metatarsal claws consisting of four to six teeth, with a collective triangular shape (middle teeth distinctly longer in length than lateral teeth). Wings: wings hyaline, unpigmented; pterostigma unmodified. Forewing: costal space terminating midway of RS 1; pterostigma commencing at r-rs 1 or just distal of r-rs 1, terminates midway of RS 3; sc-ra crossvein distinctly less than half the length of RS 3, c-ra crossveins distal to pterostigma one; A 2 simple, A 2 and A 3 fused basally, CuP straight. Hindwing: cu-m straight; A 1 forked, 2 A present, CuA distinctly bent towards A 1, cu-a attenuated or absent, CuA and A 1 never completely fused. Male abdomen: length short, not extending past wing apices; all tergites lack pores, intertergal membrane between V-VI with pores, also bears setae on anterior half of membrane; ectoprocts well developed in dorsal view, may extend past apex of sternite IX in lateral view (M. styriaca) or do not extend past apex of sternite IX (M. aphavexelte), apices not globose; ventromedial lobes prominent, posteroventrally directed, majority of spines on ventral surface; sternite IX with broad rounded medial protrusion, protrusion lacks setae; pseudopenis prominent and acute, longer or similar in length than pseudopenal membrane; pseudopenal membrane broadly triangular, tapering towards pseudopenis; hypomeres prominent on lateral apices of pseudopenal membrane; distal apices of gonocoxites level with or just short of distal apex of mediuncus; gonocoxites thin and parallel; median gonarcal lobe a sub-acute protrusion, shorter or similar in length than the length of pseudopenis; distal apex of mediuncus bifid, proximal apex of mediuncus broadly arrow shaped, ending level with basal apices of the gonocoxites.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7747634DF5FC2E502A123A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: Brauer (1852, 1855, 1869, 1887) studied the biology of M. styriaca well and used the species to describe the hypermetamorphic ontogeny characteristic of Mantispidae. So far, several species from Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae are known to be hosts of Mantispa larvae. Of all the species and specimens used in this study, only M. aphavexelte Aspöck et al., 1980 and M. styriaca clearly belonged to Mantispa. Unlike what is suggested by the long list of names belonging to Mantispa, it is probable that Mantispa is a small genus comprising few species.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7547614DF5FF625115141F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical, Oriental and Palearctic: widespread across all areas.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7547614DF5FF625115141F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Fig. 13): Mantispilla is most easily identified by excluding the other genera found in the regions, however, the following features characterize a cohesive generic group. Mantispilla can be distinguished from other Oriental and Palearctic genera by the forecoxae with longitudinal pigmentation (line) on the anterior or inner lateral sides, pronotum lacks short stout setae, but may have a few sparsely distributed setae, mesothorax either glabrous or pubescent (velvet appearance), the gonocoxites always with a well-developed inward directed flange on distal apex. These characteristics combined with an attenuated or absent crossvein between A 1 and CuP distinguish Mantispilla from all other genera. The general colour of Mantispilla is yellow accompanied by black, brown or dark red (oxblood). Head: vertex with slight longitudinal ridge from the well-developed dome posterior to the interantennal space to the occiput, slight indentation halfway sometimes present, flattening out laterally towards the ocular margin, postocular margin broad, bearing setae, interocular space at anterior margin of scape broader than or similar to width of eyes; scape bearing few setae, flagellum length significantly shorter than prothorax, flagellomeres simple / unmodified, similar in length than width, squircular in shape, basal half of flagellomeres with prominent whorl of setae on anterior margin which gradually changes towards the apex into fine setae covering entire flagellomeres. Thorax: anterior margin with slight dorsoanteriorly directed cusp, cusp lacks short stout setae, pronotal shape of mid-section almost cylindrical, usually with regular corrugations in dorsal view, dorsum lacks setae or with sparsely distributed setae; maculae inconspicuous acute cusps, dorsolaterally directed (away from medial plane), posterior to maculae pronotum gradually increases in width; prothorax longer than pterothorax; ventral outline of pronotum in lateral view straight; pterothorax: mesothorax lacks setae, glabrous or pubescent (velvet appearance), mesoscutal furrows conspicuous, meet at prominent central furrow or abruptly end right before meeting, central furrow shaped as laterally compressed conical pit; mesoscutellum triangular, terminates just posterior to central furrow, metathorax smooth, lacks setae, may be pubescent (velvet appearance). Legs: meso- and metatarsus with segment I longer in length than segments II – IV combined; segment IV the shortest; metatarsus with segment I similar in length than segments II – IV combined; segment II – IV similar in size; segment V slightly globose anterodorsally; meso- and metatarsal claws consisting of four to six teeth, with a collective triangular shape (middle teeth distinctly longer in length than lateral teeth). Wings: wings hyaline, unpigmented; pterostigma unmodified. Forewing: costal space terminating midway of RS 1; pterostigma commencing at r-rs 1 or just distal of r-rs 1, terminates midway of RS 3; sc-ra crossvein distinctly less than half the length of RS 3, c-ra crossveins distal to pterostigma one; A 2 simple, A 2 and A 3 fused basally, CuP straight. Hindwing: cu-m straight; A 1 forked, A 2 present, CuA distinctly bent towards A 1, cu-a attenuated or absent, CuA and A 1 never completely fused. Male abdomen: length short, not extending past wing apices; all tergites lack pores, intertergal membrane between V – VI; ectoprocts simple in dorsal view, do not extend past apex of sternite IX in lateral, in caudal view usually ventrolaterally slightly globose, tapering off towards dorsomedial line (teardrop shaped); ventromedial lobes prominent, posteroventrally or posteriorly directed; sternite IX variable, may be truncated, rounded or with apical protrusion; pseudopenis prominent and acute, longer or similar in length than pseudopenal membrane; pseudopenal membrane variable but always triangular, tapering towards pseudopenis; hypomeres prominent on lateral apices of pseudopenal membrane; distal apices of gonocoxites level with or just short of distal apex of mediuncus; gonocoxites, always with well-developed inward directed flange on distal apex of gonocoxite; median gonarcal lobe an acute or sub-acute protrusion, shorter or similar in length than the length of pseudopenis; distal apex of mediuncus bifid, proximal apex of mediuncus variable, usually arrow shaped, usually extends past proximal apices of the gonocoxites.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
03DCAC591A7547614DF5FF625115141F.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology: The biology of Mantispilla japonica was studied by Hirata & Ishii (1995). Several species of spiders from the Clubionidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae and Thomisidae are reported as hosts of M. japonica. The first instar is known to board spiders and prefer the spider pedicel as attachment position.	en	Snyman, Louwrens P., Sole, Catherine L., Ohl, Michael (2018): A revision of and keys to the genera of the Mantispinae of the Oriental and Palearctic regions (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Zootaxa 4450 (5): 501-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.1
