identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DCF504FFF09878FF3928344CFBC493.text	03DCF504FFF09878FF3928344CFBC493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nonveilleridia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Key to southeastern Oriental mutillid genera: females (unknown in Nonveilleridia)</p><p>1. Eye setose, sometimes the setae rare and visible only under high magnification (Subfamily Ticoplinae; one genus in SE Asia)................................................................ 1. Eosmicromyrmilla Lelej &amp; Krombein, 2001</p><p>- Eye not setose........................................................................................ 2</p><p>2. Antenna short, club-like (Fig. 1); second metasomal segment lacking felt lines (Fig. 30); maxillary and labial palps number 2+2 ( Rhopalomutillinae; one genus in SE Asia)........................................ 2. Pherotilla Brothers, 2015</p><p>- Antenna longer, more slender (Figs 2–5); T2 or S2 with felt line; maxillary and labial palps number 6+4............... 3</p><p>3. Mesopleuron more or less convex, mesonotum wider than pronotum or propodeum (Figs 2, 18, 19).................... 4</p><p>- Mesopleuron concave, mesoscutellum not wider than pronotum or propodeum (Figs 3–6)............................ 8</p><p>4. T1 petiolate (Fig. 2); felt line present on S2 (Dasylabrinae; one genus in SE Asia)............... 3. Orientilla Lelej, 1979</p><p>- T1 wide, sessile or disciform; felt line present on T2 ( Mutillinae: Mutillini: Ephutina)............................... 5</p><p>5. Posterior border of T2 with wide shiny cuticular band, not punctured; head with long thickened setae (Figs 15, 16)........ 6</p><p>- Posterior border of T2 with usual punctures; head with simple setae (Figs 18, 19)...................................7</p><p>6. Head width 1.2 × mesosoma width (Fig. 15); compound eye flat, small; maxillary palps approximately as long as scape........................................................................ 16. Cockerellidia Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999</p><p>- Head width 0.9 × mesosoma width (Fig. 16); compound eye convex, usual; maxillary palps much longer than scape........................................................................ 17. Karlidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999</p><p>7. T2 with large deep antero-lateral pubescent fovea................................ 18. Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899</p><p>- T2 without antero-lateral pubescent fovea, with linear felt line........................ 19. Yamanetilla Lelej, 1996</p><p>8. Mesopleural suture ending at mesonotal tubercle, complete to dorsum of mesosoma (Figs 37, 46); inner margin of mandible with distinct tooth in basal third (Figs 38, 41) ( Myrmillinae). One genus in SE Asia........... 4. Bischoffitilla Lelej, 2002</p><p>- Mesopleural suture ending near anterior spiracle or becoming obsolete before dorsum of mesosoma (Figs 60, 75, 85); inner margin of mandible usually with teeth only near apex (Figs 133, 149) ( Mutillinae).................................. 9</p><p>9. Propodeum posterad with transverse row of denticles (Figs 48, 52) ( Mutillinae: Ctenotillini)......................... 10</p><p>- Propodeum posterad without transverse row of denticles (Figs 59, 72)........................................... 11</p><p>10. T2 without pale spots in basal half (Fig. 4); pygidium microreticulate (Fig. 51); inner margin of mandible without subbasal denticle...................................................................... 5. Ctenotilla Bischoff, 1920</p><p>- T2 with two pale spots located transversely near the middle (Fig. 5); pygidium mostly smooth (Fig. 55); inner margin of mandible with small subbasal denticle................................................. 6. Zeugomutilla Chen, 1957</p><p>11. T1 very wide, slightly narrower than T2. ( Mutillinae: Mutillini: Mutillina)....................................... 12</p><p>- T1 not so wide, much narrower than T2................................................................... 13</p><p>12. T2 disc without any band or spots.................................................... 21. Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>- T2 disc with two ovate pale spots disposed transversely................................ 20. Kurzenkotilla Lelej, 2005</p><p>13. T2 disc with one or three basal spots of pale setae disposed transversely (Figs 8–12, 14), without spot of dense setae (Figs 6, 7, 13), or with two small spots at the lateral extremes of T2 (Figs 78, 90) ( Mutillinae: Smicromyrmini)............... 14</p><p>- T2 with two basal spots of pale setae disposed transversely (Figs 20–28) ( Mutillinae: Trogaspidiini).............. 23</p><p>14. T6 convex, without distinct pygidial area, with glabrous shiny area widened posterad, at most its apical part weakly carinated laterally............................................................................................ 15</p><p>- T6 flattened, with distinct pygidial area carinated laterally, pygidial area longitudinally striate, granulose or with glabrous shining apical part or entirely smooth, shiny................................................................... 18</p><p>15. Mesosoma distinctly evenly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 65)............................... 13. Promecilla André, 1902</p><p>- Mesosoma slightly broadened posteriorly or more or less parallel-sided (Figs 56, 59, 68)............................ 16</p><p>16. Scutellar scal totally lacking........................................................ 11. Nordeniella Lelej, 2005</p><p>- Scutellar scale incospicuous, but distinct.................................................................. 17</p><p>17. T6 with glabrous shiny medial part, not carinated laterad even apically, considerably convergent basally where with lateral tuft of dense pale setae.................................................................. 14. Sinotilla Lelej, 1995</p><p>- T6 with elongate shiny glabrous pygidial area weakly carinated laterad........................ 8. Ephucilla Lelej, 1995</p><p>18. Scutellar scale lacking; mandible wide, tridentate apically............................... 7. Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995</p><p>- Scutellar scale more or less developed; mandible narrower.................................................... 19</p><p>19. Pygidial area strongly narrowed basally; T2 with one basal, one apical and two lateral pale spots (Fig. 11)........................................................................................... 12. Physetopoda Schuster, 1949</p><p>- Pygidial area with more or less parallel lateral sides or widened basally. T2 with one or three pale basal spots and pale apical band (Figs 8, 9), if sometimes with apical medial spot presented, then lateral spots absent........................... 20</p><p>20. Pygidial area short oval (Fig. 97); T2 apical band medially expanded to apparent white setal spot (Fig. 95)...................................................................................................10. Nemka Lelej, 1985</p><p>- Pygidial area elongated, with parallel sides or widened basally (Figs 81, 88, 100, 106); T2 apical band not so expanded.... 21</p><p>21. Scutellar scale more than 2 times wider than its length; T2 with three basal setal spots disposed in horizontal line (Figs 82, 84, 89, 92) or with two small spots at lateral extremes of T2 (Figs 78, 90) and at most with pale median apical patch (Fig. 84)............................................................................ 9. Mickelomyrme Lelej, 1995, part.</p><p>- Scutellar scale slightly wider than its length; T2 with lateral pale spots (if present) disposed behind median spot and with pale apical band or apical fringe (Figs 107, 111)................................................................ 22</p><p>22. Longitudinal eye diameter 1.5–2.0 × distance between posterior eye border and posterior head border.............................................................................................. 15. Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870</p><p>- Longitudinal eye diameter at least 3.0 × distance between posterior eye border and posterior head border...................................................................................... Mickelomyrme chinensis (Smith, 1855)</p><p>23. T6 without any pygidial area, convex, smooth, shiny, punctured basally or throughout.............................. 24</p><p>- T6 with more or less developed pygidial area, at least flattened shiny area carinated laterally......................... 25</p><p>24. Scutellar scale small but visible (Figs 137–140).......................................... 25. Orientidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>- Scutellar scale lacking (Figs 145, 146)................................................ 28. Promecidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>25. Mesosoma broadest in pronotum or pronotum and propodeum with equal width (Figs 21, 23, 24)..................... 26</p><p>- Mesosoma definitely broadest in propodeum (Figs 20, 26, 27)................................................. 30</p><p>26. Mesosoma black; metasomal segment 2 except posterior border, reddish................ 29. Taiwanomyrme Tsuneki, 1993</p><p>- Mesosoma ferruginous-red; metasomal segment 2 black...................................................... 27</p><p>27. Clypeus anteriorly strongly emarginate and bidentate.................................... 26. Pagdenidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>- Clypeus anteriorly at most weakly emarginate, with two weak denticles.......................................... 28</p><p>28. Scutellar scale broad, 1/3–1/4 × propodeal width; pygidial area finely rugoso-punctate.......... 32. Zavatilla Tsuneki, 1993</p><p>- Scutellar scale narrow; pygidial area mostly smooth, at most micropunctate...................................... 29</p><p>29. T2 with wide apical pale pale setal band (Fig. 21)..................................... 2 3. Krombeinidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>- T2 without apical pale setal band, at most with sparse pale fringe (Fig. 24)....................................................................................................... 27. Petersenidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Yamane, 1992</p><p>30. Pygidial area irregularly rugose throughout (Fig. 124)........................... 31. Wallacidia Lelej &amp; Brothers, 2008</p><p>- Pygidial area variable, if mostly rugose, then having apex smooth or microreticulate (Figs 117, 121, 151, 154)........... 31</p><p>31. Pygidial area longitudinally striate (Figs 154, 164), longitudinally rugose basally (Fig. 160), or rugose in basal 0.75 (Figs 151, 157)....................................................................... 30. Trogaspidia Ashmead, 1899</p><p>- Pygidial area irregularly rugose in basal half and smooth in apical half (Fig. 121) or entirely microreticulate (Fig. 117)................................................................................... 22. Eotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFF09878FF3928344CFBC493	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFC9876FF392B43498DC339.text	03DCF504FFFC9876FF392B43498DC339.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eosmicromyrmilla Lelej & Krombein 2001	<div><p>Genus 1. Eosmicromyrmilla Lelej &amp; Krombein, 2001</p><p>Diagnosis. See the key above and Lelej &amp; Krombein (2001).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Three species are recognized, which occur in China, India, and Sri Lanka, respectively (Lelej 2005).</p><p>Remarks. This genus is included in our keys because of E. chinensis Lelej in Lelej and Krombein, 2001, known from males only in Yunnan, China. This species, or others, may eventually be found in northern Thailand, as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFC9876FF392B43498DC339	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFC9876FF392AAC4875C142.text	03DCF504FFFC9876FF392AAC4875C142.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pherotilla Brothers 2015	<div><p>Genus 2. Pherotilla Brothers, 2015</p><p>Diagnosis. See the key above and Brothers (2015). This is the only genus in the subfamily Rhopalomutillinae known from the Oriental region.</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Brothers (2015) lists five described species and mentions the existence of five undescribed species. This genus is widespread in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions. One additional species was described from China (Zhou et al. 2017).</p><p>Remarks. Brothers (2015) mentioned that this genus occurs in Thailand but did not specify which species. Okayasu et al. (2018) illustrated a female of P. striganovae from Thailand. Two females of P. striganovae were collected (along with several of their putative males) with Malaise traps in Phethaburi Province during the 2018 expedition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFC9876FF392AAC4875C142	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFF9875FF392CC94A97C30A.text	03DCF504FFFF9875FF392CC94A97C30A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientilla Lelej 1979	<div><p>Genus 3. Orientilla Lelej, 1979</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This is the only Southeast Asian genus to have T1 elongate and petiolate. Additional useful features include the swollen mesonotum, the absence of a felt line on T2, the presence of a felt line on S2, and T6 lacking a defined pygidium. Other useful characters are mentioned in Lelej (1996b). MALE. See Lelej (1996b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Eleven species are known. This genus is widespread in the Oriental region (Lelej 2005; Zhou et al. 2018a) and two of the species reach the Palaearctic region in China (Lelej 2002).</p><p>Remarks. Although O. vietnamica is the only species recorded from Thailand, the following species from surrounding countries are likely to be discovered there, eventually: O. chinensis (Zavattari, 1922), O. desponsa (Smith, 1855), O. krombeini Lelej, 1996, and O. sejugoides (Magretti, 1892) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFF9875FF392CC94A97C30A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFF9875FF392A2D4DE3C1FD.text	03DCF504FFFF9875FF392A2D4DE3C1FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientilla vietnamica Lelej 1979	<div><p>3a. Orientilla vietnamica Lelej, 1979</p><p>(Figs 2, 33–35)</p><p>Orientilla vietnamica Lelej 1979: 1066, ♀; 2005: 113l; Okayasu et al. 2018: 309.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This is the only eastern Orientilla species with the head reddish-brown. Other useful features are mentioned in the original description by Lelej (1979). Body length 8.0– 9.1 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♀, VIETNAM, Nha-Trang, S[outh] Annam, V–IX.1933, K. Davydoff [ZISP]. Other Material (9 ♀). MYANMAR (1♀ Museo Regionale Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 17.847195)">Doi Pui</a>, 1200–1500 m, near Chiang Mai, 23.XII.1997, Sk. Yamane (1♀ SKYC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 17.847195)">Omkoi District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 17.847195)">Dry</a> dipterocarp forest, 17 o 50′49.9″N 98 o 22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt.: 10.IX.2016, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 27.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 28.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 15.X.1972, M. Sato (1♀ EUM); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Baan Maka Nature Lodge, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 22.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); Ubon Ratchathani, Pha Taem National Park, wildflower field, 15 o 27.34'N 105 o 34.87'E, 232 m, Malaise trap, 18–25.XI.2006, Sorawit and Thongdee, T1060 (1♀ QSBG). VIETNAM, "Nha-Trang, S[outh] Annam, V– IX.1933, K. Dubovikoff " [South Vietnam, Nha Trang] (1♀ IBSS).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Phetchaburi, Ubon Ratchathani), Myanmar, and Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. In Thailand, O. vietnamica Lelej, 1979 was initially recorded by Lelej (2005). Two additional Thai specimens of O. vietnamica were studied, including one collected in Phetchaburi in 2018.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFF9875FF392A2D4DE3C1FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFF9875FF392FFA4B3BC51D.text	03DCF504FFFF9875FF392FFA4B3BC51D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pherotilla striganovae (Lelej 2012)	<div><p>2a. Pherotilla striganovae (Lelej, 2012)</p><p>(Figs 1, 29–32)</p><p>Rhopalomutilla striganovae Lelej, 2012: 178 .</p><p>Pherotilla striganovae Okayasu et al., 2018: 310 .</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be separated from other Pherotilla by having the compound eye placed in a deep anterolateral furrow on the head. Other useful features were discussed by Lelej (2012). Body length 3.6–5.6 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♀ South Vietnam, Cat Tien [National Park, Nam Cat Tien part, Dong Nai Province, 11°26'N, 107°26'E], 01–02.2004 [January–February, beginning of dry season], leg. A.E. Anichkin [ZISP]. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Other Material</a> (3 ♀). THAILAND: Kamphaeng Phet, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Mae Wong National Park</a>, stream, 16 o 2.43'N 99 o 13.99'E, 313 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Malaise</a>, 3–10.IX.2007, Srilopien W., T3704 [1 ♀ QSBG]; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Baan Maka Nature Lodge, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, Malaise trap, 16–23.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Kamphaeng Phet, Phetchaburi *) and Vietnam (Dong Nai).</p><p>Remarks. Two females were collected in Malaise traps in Phetchaburi Province. One of these females was still attached to a male in copula. The males of this and other mutillid species will be treated in an upcoming paper on new sex associations in Thai Mutillidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFF9875FF392FFA4B3BC51D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFE9874FF392FBC4A54C4AA.text	03DCF504FFFE9874FF392FBC4A54C4AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla Lelej 2002	<div><p>Genus 4. Bischoffitilla Lelej, 2002</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The only eastern Oriental member of Myrmillinae . This genus has the mesopleural suture complete and connecting with mesonotal tubercle; inner margin of mandible with distinct tooth in basal third; T1 with apicomedial setal spot that sometimes extends to the base of T2; and T2 with a thick apical setal or cuticular band. For additional diagnostic features, see Lelej (2002). MALE. See Lelej (2002).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. This genus includes 73 predominantly Oriental species (Lelej 2002, 2005; Terayama et al. 2011).</p><p>Remarks. The majority of Oriental Myrmillinae, including all the known eastern Oriental Myrmillinae, belong to Bischoffitilla . Only B. lamellata (Mickel, 1933) was previously known from Thailand. The expeditions in 2017 and 2018 recovered B. lamellata and three other species of females in southern Thailand. Additional species from this diverse genus are likely to be recovered throughout Thailand. Older keys (e.g. Mickel 1935, Chen 1957) treat these species under the name Squamulotilla Bischoff, 1920 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFE9874FF392FBC4A54C4AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFE9873FF392D9B487FC414.text	03DCF504FFFE9873FF392D9B487FC414.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel 1933)	<div><p>4a. Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel, 1933)</p><p>(Figs 36–38)</p><p>Squamulotilla lamellata Mickel 1933b: 295 . Chen 1957: 141.</p><p>Squamulotilla arundinacea Pagden, 1934a: 445 . Mickel 1935: 184, syn. nov.</p><p>Bischoffitilla arundinacea: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 24; Okayasu et al. 2018: 302.</p><p>Bischoffitilla lamellata: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 27; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 232.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be immediately recognized by having the gena armed with a posterolateral tooth below the eye. Other useful features include: antennal tubercle unarmed; genal carina obscure; clypeus with weak middle tooth connected to apicolateral teeth by carina; mesopleural lamella longer than flagellar width, apically truncate; mesosomal dorsum with complete longitudinal carina; dorsoposterior propodeal row obscure, medial tooth usually distinct; posterior propodeal face reticulate; T1 apicomedially and T2 basomedially with white to golden spot; T2 apically with complete transverse band of whitish to golden cuticle and/or setae; T3 entirely clothed with whitish to golden setae; T4 usually with medial white to golden setal spot; and T5 usually with setae black medially. Body length 3–7 mm. MALE. See Barthélémy et al. (2018) ..</p><p>Material examined Type material. CHINA, Guangdong, Canton [Guangzhou], Honan Island, W.E. Hoffmann (2♀ SYSM, paratypes of Squamulotilla lamellata Mickel, 1933). Other Material (49 ♀) . THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Amphoe Fang, Nam Mae Kok, 10.I.1989, Trautner and Geigenmüller, (1♀ IBSS) ; Kanchanaburi: Mueang Kanchanaburi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.363&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.363/lat 14.193)">Mahogany</a> plantation, 14.193 o N 99.363 o E, 130 m: 21.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Sai Yok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.04" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.243/lat 14.04)">Prasat Mueang Sing Park</a>, 14.040 o N 99.243 o E, 50 m: 19.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (16♀ CSCA EMUS) ; Krabi: 12.4 km NNW Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.876&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.876/lat 8.193)">Oil</a> palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m: 29.III.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; 3.IV.2017, MKT (3♀ CSCA); 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 19.5 km NW Krabi, 8.201 o N 98.751 o E, 10 m, 1.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 8.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phetchabun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.13557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.659166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.13557/lat 16.659166)">Khao Kho National Park</a>, office, 16 o 39.55'N 101 o 8.134'E, 230 m, 2.VIII.2006, Malaise trap, S. Chachumnan and S. Singtong, T174 (1♀ QSBG) ; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 16.V.2018, MKT (5♀ CSCA MIUP PSUC QSBG); 22–23.V.2018, MKT (7♀ CSCA) ; Phuket, Phuket <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.7833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.316666/lat 7.7833333)">Island</a>, 50 m, 7 o 47'N 98 o 19'E, 1.VIII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH) ; Songkhla: Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11-12.IV.2017, MKT (5♀ CSCA) ; 27 km SW Hat Yai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.35/lat 6.9)">Ton Nga Chang National Park</a>, 200 m, 6 o 54'N 100 o 21'E, 24.VII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH) ; Trang, 0.5 km NE Palian, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.858/lat 7.291)">Orchard</a>, 7.291 o N 99.858 o E, 6.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao), Vietnam, Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phuket, Songkhla, Trang), Malaysia (Perak).</p><p>Remarks. Bischoffitilla lamellata was included in Chen’s (1957) key to Chinese species and B. arundinacea was included in Mickel’s (1935) key to mutillids from Pacific Islands. This treatment is apparently the first to compare these taxa. These females differ from other Bischoffitilla in key features, most notably: the gena has a distinct tooth-like projection behind the eye, the mesopleural lamella is elongate and apically truncate, and T3 has a complete band of white to golden setae. The comprehensive original descriptions of each species (Mickel 1933b, Pagden 1934a) were compared and they differ only in slight features of color or sculpture. Some of the apparent differences could be attributed to author interpretations of the same feature. Further, some individuals from the series of 18 specimens collected in Kanchanaburi differ from one another in greater magnitude than differences noted in the original descriptions for these taxa. We therefore treat B. arundinacea as a junior synonym of B. lamellata . The male of this wideaspread species was recently discovered and described in Hong Kong (Barthélémy et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFE9873FF392D9B487FC414	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFF99873FF392D0E4D26C3E5.text	03DCF504FFF99873FF392D0E4D26C3E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla perakensis (Pagden 1934)	<div><p>4b. Bischoffitilla perakensis (Pagden, 1934)</p><p>(Figs 3, 39–41)</p><p>Squamulotilla perakensis Pagden 1934a: 448; Mickel 1935: 186.</p><p>Bischoffitilla perakensis: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 28; Okayasu et al. 2018: 306.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by a unique combination of characters: the genal carina is distinct and serrate or wavy; clypeus is tridentate, with the basomedial tooth as large as the apicolateral teeth; the mesopleural lamella is short, but distinct; the dorsoposterior propodeal row is distinct and complete; the posterior propodeal face is reticulate; and T3–5 each have a medial spot of whitish to golden setae. Other useful features include: antennal tubercle unarmed; mesosomal dorsum with complete, but sometimes weak, longitudinal carina; T1 apicomedially and T2 basomedially with white to golden spot; and T2 apically with complete transverse band of whitish to golden cuticle and/or setae. Body length 4.5–9.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined (26 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep, 1000 m, 18 o 48'N 98 o 55'E, 5.VII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH); Omkoi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.916664/lat 17.847195)">Dry dipterocarp forest</a>, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt., 25.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (5♀ CSCA); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 22–23.V.2018, MKT (3♀ CSCA); Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, Khao Sok Jungle Huts, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (9♀ CSCA EMUS MIUP QSBG); 25–26.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (7♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Surat Thani), Malaysia (Perak).</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from Peninsular Malaysia (Pagden 1934a) and has been found in four Thai provinces. Using Chen’s (1957) key, this species would be identified as B. sauteri lingnani (Mickel, 1933), with which it may eventually be synonymized. The apparently diagnostic “serrate genal carina” varies within the series and can be found in other Bischoffitilla species, including B. cambrai sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFF99873FF392D0E4D26C3E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFF99872FF39295E4D30C2DF.text	03DCF504FFF99872FF39295E4D30C2DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla cambrai Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>4c. Bischoffitilla cambrai Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 42–44)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by having the dorsoposterior propodeal row is distinct laterally but without medial teeth. Other useful features include: the genal carina is distinct and serrate or wavy; the antennal tubercle is unarmed; the clypeus is bidentate, with the basomedial surface convex; the mesopleural lamella is short and weak; mesosomal dorsum with incomplete longitudinal carina; the posterior propodeal face is reticulate; T1 apicomedially and T2 basomedially with white to golden spot; and T3–5 each have a medial spot of whitish to golden setae. Body length 4.5–11.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 6.9 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal scrobe, venter, clypeus, mandible, and antenna partly brown. Mesosoma and coxae brownish-red, other parts of legs variably darkened brown. Metasoma black, except T1, T6, and S1–6 partly reddened and cuticle whitish yellow beneath setal patches of T1–2. Lateral and ventral portions of head, mesosoma, and metasoma; legs; and T6 with setae mostly silvery. Dorsum of head and mesosoma with black and silvery sparse setae. Metasomal dorsum with black setae, except having dense pale golden narrow patch apicomedially on T1, broad entire transverse band on T2, and medial spot on T3–5. Head. Width behind eye 0.95 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures dense to confluent. Mandible apex obscure tridentate. Clypeus with apicolateral tooth distinct, medial lobe convex, densely punctate. Antennal scrobe with dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina distinct wavy. F1 2.8 × pedicel length, F2 1.9 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.05 × width (at lateral mesonotal teeth). Dorsum of mesosoma with confluent longitudinal punctures, many transverse interspaces obliterated, leaving apparent carinae of various lengths. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with short setae. Mesopleural lamella short, but distinct. Humeral angle sharp. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, lateral mesonotal tooth, propodeal spiracle, and widest point of propodeum 44:40:49:44:49. Mesosomal dorsum with longitudinal carina interrupted by punctures. Dorsoposterior propodeal row with three teeth on left side, two teeth on right side, obliterated medially. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 110:65:37:21:17:15. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense punctures. S1 without longitudinal carina. S2 with basomedial longitudinal tubercle. T2 felt line 0.35 × T2 total length. T6 convex, lacking pygidium, with longitudinal smooth apicomedial area. S6 posterior margin rounded.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 15.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA). Paratypes (14 ♀), THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.94&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.81" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.94/lat 18.81)">Monthatarn</a>, 18.81 o N 98.94 o E, moist hardwood forest, 15.VII.1996, R.R. Snelling and S. Sonthichai (1♀ EMUS) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; 25–26.V.2018, MKT (3♀ CSCA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (4♀ CSCA MIUP QSBG) ; Trat, Khao Saming, Chang Toon, Nong Bawn, 8–10.VII.1968 (1♀ UCRC) . VIETNAM, Lao Cai, Liem Phu, 300–650 m, 29.IX.2006, K. Eguchi (1♀ SKYC) ; Tonkin, Bae Kan, 1907, P. Lembee, ex. coll. Oberthur (1♀ RBINS) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Chiang Mai, Trat, Surat Thani) and Vietnam (Tonkin).</p><p>Etymology. KAW is proud to name this species in honor of his friend and colleague Roberto A. Cambra, who shared vital tips for collecting mutillids in tropical habitats. Some of the species described herein may have remained undiscovered without his advice.</p><p>Remarks. In Chen’s (1957) treatment, this species keys to B. sauteri lingnani and can be separated from that species by having the dorsoposterior propodeal row incomplete medially. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it terminates at couplet 11 and can be recognized by laterally distinct dorsoposterior propodeal teeth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFF99872FF39295E4D30C2DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFF89871FF392A444876C54E.text	03DCF504FFF89871FF392A444876C54E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla tokay Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>4d. Bischoffitilla tokay Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 45–47)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by a unique combination of characters: the genal carina is simple; clypeus is bidentate, with the basomedial area shallowly concave; the mesopleural lamella is short, but distinct; the dorsoposterior propodeal row is distinct and complete; the posterior propodeal face is reticulate; and T2–3 each have a broad medial whitish spot, while T4–5 have the setae predominantly blackish. Other useful features include: antennal tubercle armed with smooth tubercle; mesosomal dorsum with complete, but sometimes weak, longitudinal carina; and T1 apicomedially with white to golden spot not continuing to base of T2. Body length 4.5–5.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 5.3 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal scrobe, venter, clypeus, mandible, and antenna partly reddened. Mesosoma and coxae brownish-red, other parts of legs variably darkened brown. Metasoma black, except T1 and S1–6 partly reddened and whitish yellow beneath setal patches of T1–2. Head, lateral and ventral portions of mesosoma and metasoma, legs, and T6 with setae mostly silvery; vertex with denser more gold-tinted setae. Mesosomal dorsum with brown and silvery sparse setae. Metasomal dorsum with black setae, except having dense white narrow patch apicomedially on T1 and broad transverse patches on T2 and T3. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures moderate to dense. Mandible apex obscure tridentate. Clypeus with apicolateral tooth distinct, medial lobe shallow concave, densely punctate. Antennal scrobe with dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle obscure tubercle. Genal carina present in posterior half, obliterated anteriorly. F1 3.1 × pedicel length, F2 2.0 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.2 × width (at lateral mesonotal teeth). Dorsum of mesosoma with confluent longitudinal punctures, many transverse interspaces obliterated, leaving apparent carinae of various lengths. Side of mesosoma micropunctate with dense short setae, lateral propodeal face with dense punctures. Mesopleural lamella short, but distinct. Humeral angle sharp. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, lateral mesonotal tooth, propodeal spiracle, and widest point of propodeum 63:59:65:57:60. Mesosomal dorsum with complete longitudinal carina directed by various puncture edges. Dorsoposterior propodeal row with nine teeth, middle tooth largest. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 130:65:39:30:26:23. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense punctures. S1 without longitudinal carina. S2 with weak basomedial longitudinal swelling. T2 felt line 0.5 × T2 total length. T6 convex, lacking pygidium, setose throughout. S6 posterior margin rounded.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (2 ♀), Same data as Holotype (2♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Kanchanaburi).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the Tokay Gecko, Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758), ต๊กแก ุin Thai, a charismatic lizard species found throughout southeastern Asia. Treat as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. In Chen’s (1957) treatment, this species keys to B. sauteri lingnani and can be separated from that species by having T4–5 with the setae mostly black and without a medial golden setal spots. In Mickel’s (1935) treatment, it keys to B. malica (Zavattari 1913) or B. opipara (Zavattari 1913), depending on how one scores the presence of lateral mesosomal teeth; B. tokay sp. nov. can be recognized by having T3 with a large transverse white setal patch.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFF89871FF392A444876C54E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFB9871FF392B4349AEC3AD.text	03DCF504FFFB9871FF392B4349AEC3AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenotilla Bischoff 1920	<div><p>Genus 5. Ctenotilla Bischoff, 1920</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, this is the only mutilline genus with a transverse row of teeth on the propodeum and with the disc of T2 lacking setal spots. This genus is separated from similar Afrotropical genera by having T1 as broad as the propodeum and having the gena not armed with a dentate carina. MALE. See Nonveiller (1979) and Lelej (2005).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Three species are recognized: C. caeca (Radoszkowski, 1879), which is widespread in the Palaearctic; C. porcella (Turner, 1911) from India and Sri Lanka; and C. guangdongensis Lelej, 1992, which is known from China and Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. The Chinese and Thai species, C. guangdongensis, is the only one presently known from females only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFB9871FF392B4349AEC3AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFB9870FF392A964DFCC7F1.text	03DCF504FFFB9870FF392A964DFCC7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenotilla guangdongensis Lelej 1992	<div><p>5a. Ctenotilla guangdongensis Lelej, 1992</p><p>(Figs 4, 48–51)</p><p>Ctenotilla guangdongensis Lelej, 1992: 282; Lelej 2005: 34; Okayasu et al. 2018: 308.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be most easily separated from other Ctenotilla by having the apical T2 band of silvery setae medially divided by black setae. Other useful characters were listed by Lelej (1992). Body length 5.5–8.5 mm. MALE. To be described in an upcoming paper.</p><p>Material examined. Type material. CHINA, Guangdong, Chebaling, 21.VI.1990, A.S. Lelej (1♀ Paratype IBSS). Other material (26 ♀) . LAOS, Ban Houaykong, 18–30.IV.1999, O. Šauša (1♂ IBSS); Bolikhamsay Province, Ban Phone <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.00222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.00222/lat 18.316668)">Kham</a> environs, 200–300 m, 18 o 19'N 104 o 0 8'E, 23–29.V.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D.</p><p>Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (2♀ RHMB). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Botanical Garden, QSBG, 18.8955 o N 98.8636 o E, Malaise trap, 11–25.VII.2013, M. Hauser (1♀ 1♂ in copula CSCA); Omkoi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8636&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8636/lat 17.847195)">Dry</a> dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt.: 8.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM) ; 19.VI.2017, R. (1♀ EUM); 20.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, Vimarndin farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (17♀ 1♂ CSCA EMUS MIUP PSUC QSBG); Loei, 50 km SW Loei, 1000 m, 17 o 20'N 101 o 20'E, 14.VIII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Baan Maka Nature Lodge, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 16.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia *, China (Guangdong), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Loei, Phetchaburi), Vietnam *, and Laos *.</p><p>Remarks. In Lelej’s (2005) catalog, this species was known from China and Thailand only, but according to comments by B. Petersen, the putative male for this species was also found in Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Our examination of females of C. guangdongensis from Cambodia and Vietnam supports Petersen’s hypothesis. We aim to describe this male in an upcoming treatment of males from Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFB9870FF392A964DFCC7F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFA9870FF3929E74A82C178.text	03DCF504FFFA9870FF3929E74A82C178.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme Lelej 1995	<div><p>Genus 7. Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. See the key above and Lelej (1995). MALE. See Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Four Chinese species and two species from Malaysia, including A. neaera (Mickel 1935; Fig. 6).</p><p>Remarks. Although we did not examine any southern Thai species of Andreimyrme, this rare genus is included in our keys because of its broad distribution in southeast Asia (Lelej 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFA9870FF3929E74A82C178	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFA9870FF392D324AD9C56F.text	03DCF504FFFA9870FF392D324AD9C56F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomutilla Chen 1957	<div><p>Genus 6. Zeugomutilla Chen, 1957</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the eastern Oriental region, this is the only mutilline genus with a transverse row of teeth on the propodeum and with the disc of T2 having two laterally-situated setal spots. Other useful diagnostic features are mentioned in Lelej et al. (2017) MALE. See Lelej et al. (2017).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Eight Oriental species, three of these: Z. angkorensis Williams 2017 (in Lelej et al. 2017), Z. pycnopyga Chen, 1957, and Z. saepes (Chen, 1957), are known from Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently reviewed by Lelej et al. (2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFA9870FF392D324AD9C56F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFFA9870FF392CD54AE2C3E7.text	03DCF504FFFA9870FF392CD54AE2C3E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomutilla saepes (Chen 1957)	<div><p>6a. Zeugomutilla saepes (Chen, 1957)</p><p>(Figs 5, 52–55)</p><p>Pristomutilla saepes Chen, 1957: 158 ♀.</p><p>Zeugomutilla saepes: Lelej 1992: 285; 2005: 38; Lelej et al. 2017: 12.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following characters are useful for diagnosis: the head is black, the scape and legs are mostly orange-brown, the pale T2 spots are separated by roughly their own diameter, and the pygidium is mostly smooth with a few punctures. Body length 7–10 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined (10 ♀). THAILAND: Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 22–23.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 25–26.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (6♀ CSCA EMUS) .</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangdong), and Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Phetchaburi, Surat Thani).</p><p>Remarks. The specimens we collected in Surat Thani represent the new southernmost distribution for this species that was, until recently, known only from Southeast China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFFA9870FF392CD54AE2C3E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE5986FFF392FFA4872C7FE.text	03DCF504FFE5986FFF392FFA4872C7FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephucilla Lelej 1995	<div><p>Genus 8. Ephucilla Lelej, 1995</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the eastern Oriental Region, this genus is recognized by having T6 convex with a quasipygidium that is defined by obscure lateral carinae. Other useful features are mentioned by Lelej (1995b). MALE. See Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Fourteen Oriental species are recognized in Ephucilla (Lelej 2005) .</p><p>Remarks. This genus is easily confused with Sinotilla, because the lateral pygidial carinae are easily overlooked. In fact, two of the species were initially placed in Sinotilla (Lelej 2005) . Structurally, females are similar to Indratilla Lelej, 1993 from Sri Lanka, but that genus always has T1 and T2 each with two apical whitish setal spots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE5986FFF392FFA4872C7FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE5986FFF392D244820C16E.text	03DCF504FFE5986FFF392D244820C16E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephucilla viet (Lelej 1995)	<div><p>8a. Ephucilla viet (Lelej, 1995)</p><p>(Figs 7, 68–70)</p><p>Sinotilla viet Lelej 1995b: 25, ♀.</p><p>Ephucilla viet: Lelej, 2005: 41, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following features are diagnostic for E. viet: the clypeus has a basomedial tooth, F2 is as long as F1, the head is predominantly black, the mesosoma is broadest in the pronotum and narrowest in the propodeum, the scutellar scale indistinct and subtriangular, T2 lacks a basomedial spot of whitish setae, T2 has a narrow apical band of white setae, T3 is entirely covered with white setae, and the metasoma is black without a metallic hue. Body length 5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Extended Diagnosis. FEMALE. Body length 5 mm. Coloration. Head black, except gena and frons reddened, and clypeus, mandible, scape, pedicel, and F1 largely orange-brown. Mesosoma and legs red-brown, femora and tibiae darkened apically. Metasoma black, except T1 and S1 partly reddened. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except vertex and mesosomal dorsum with scattered silver and erect blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and T2 apex, T3 entirely, and T6 with dense whitish silver setae. Head. Width behind eye 1.05 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures dense to confluent. Mandible apex bidentate. Clypeus with entire transverse lamella; basomedial portion with distinct smooth tubercle. Antennal scrobe with dorsal and lateral carina. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina simple, connected with hypostomal carina. F1 1.6 × pedicel length, F2 1.6 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with short setae, ventral portion of meso- and metapleuron transversely striate. Mesopleural lamella absent. Humeral carina distinct. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, midpoint of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 55:56:54:50:45. Scutellar scale indistinct, subtriangular. Posterior propodeal face reticulate. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by wavy subdentate carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 26:10:8:5:4:3. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense punctures, sparser on T1, larger on T2. S1 with long simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.27 × T2 total length. T6 convex, apical half with indistinct lateral carina, mostly smooth. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, VIETNAM, Quang Ninh, Island Dong Kho [21°06'N, 107°36'E], 20.III.1987, V. Kuznetsov (IBSS). Other Material (3 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6/lat 17.847195)">Omkoi District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6/lat 17.847195)">Dry</a> dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt., 23.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Phetchaburi, found in van during transit, 24.V.2018 (1♀ CSCA); VIETNAM, Vinh Phu, Tam Dao, 20.V.1995, E. Sugonyaev (1♀ ZISP).</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Pahang), Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Phetchaburi), Vietnam (Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc).</p><p>Remarks. The unique Southern Thai specimen was found by NT on May 24; it was crawling on his leg in the van while we were travelling from Baan Maka in Phetchaburi to the Khao Sok area in Surat Thani. We suspect that this wasp crawled onto our luggage while we packed up collecting equipment in Baan Maka on May 23, 2018, but cannot be sure.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE5986FFF392D244820C16E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE4986DFF392DD04D76C7A1.text	03DCF504FFE4986DFF392DD04D76C7A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme athalia (Pagden 1949)	<div><p>9a. Mickelomyrme athalia (Pagden, 1949)</p><p>(Figs 8, 77–81)</p><p>Smicromyrme athalia Pagden 1949: 219, ♂, ♀, holotype ♂.</p><p>Mickelomyrme athalia: Lelej, 1995a: 17; 1996a: 278–280, ♀, ♂; 2005: 43.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the vertex with a patch of silvery setae; the scape and legs largely reddened; the mesonotum with anterolateral patches of dense white setae, the T2 disc with three horizontally aligned setal spots, the middle spot more yellow-tinted or obliterated; the apical margin of T2 with black setae only; the T2 felt line with silver to golden setae; T4 with lateral patches of silvery setae; and the pygidium elongate ovate with moderately-spaced striae and the apex smooth. Body length 4–6 mm. MALE. See Lelej (1996a).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, Ƌ, MALAYSIA, Kuala Lumpur, 24.V.1936, H.T. Pagden (Selangor Museum, Kuala Lumpur). Other Material (46 ♀). MALAYSIA, Pinang, Telok Bahang, 13–16.II.1993, T. and M. Thomas (1♀ RMNH). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50'49.9"N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt.: 23.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 24.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 7.VII.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 9.VIII.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM);Rim Pa Huay Tong, 18.542 o N 98.954 o E, 250 m, Malaise trap at edge of mixed deciduous forest, S. Sonthichai: 10–20.IX.1997 (1♀ EMUS); 20–30.IV.1997 (1♀ EMUS); Kanchanaburi: Lam Ta Pen River, 5 km NW Lat Ya, 7– 8.IV, 13–16.IV.1989, W. Pulawski, (2♂ CASC); Thong Pha Phum, Vimarndin farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); Khonkaen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Nam Pong National Park</a>, office, 16 o 37.341'N 102 o 34.467'E, 324 m, 5–12.VII.2006, K. Jaidee, T115 (1♀ QSBG); Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Nakhon Nayok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Khao Yai National Park</a>, office, 14 o 24.619'N 101 o 22.778'E, 10.VII.2006, pan trap, P. Sandao, T139 (1♀ QSBG); Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 8.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA EMUS); Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m: 5.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 10.IV.2017, MKT (5♀ CSCA); 6.IV.2017, MKT (7♀ CSCA MIUP PSUC QSBG); Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla University, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (7♀ CSCA); Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: Khao Sok Jungle Huts, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (9♀ CSCA); 25–26.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Our Jungle House resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Trang: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Huai Yot</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Land</a> of 88 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Dragons</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Khao Kop</a>, 7.807 o N 99.572 o E, 4.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 0.5 km NE Palian, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 17.847195)">Orchard</a>, 7.291 o N 99.858 o E, 6.IV.2017, MKT (4♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Selangor), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Khonkaen, Krabi, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Surat Thani, Trang), Laos.</p><p>Remarks. In the description by Pagden (1949) this species is mentioned as having anterolateral patches of white setae on the mesonotum. These patches vary in intensity (Figs 77, 78) but seem to be present in all the Thai specimens we observed. Differentiating them from M. bicristata (Chen, 1957), then, is now difficult, as the presence of these spots is the primary diagnostic feature of M. bicristata in the only key to species (Lelej 1996a). According to the description (Chen 1957), M. bicristata has the lateral and medial spots on the disc of T2 concolorous pale golden, while all the M. athalia specimens have the lateral spots silvery and the medial spot golden (Fig. 77) or obliterated (Fig. 78). Molecular studies or comparisons of the ♂ s will be needed to determine whether M. athalia and M. bicristata truly are distinct species.</p><p>Some individuals of M. athalia and M. puttasoki, sp. nov., tend to have the medial spot of T2 obliterated and replaced by black setae. This makes them the only Smicromyrmini specimens to have T2 marked with two lateral setal spots, the diagnostic feature for Trogaspidiini. To our knowledge, none of the Trogaspidiini have anterolateral white mesonotal spots like these two Mickelomyrme species. Also, the T2 spots are located at the extreme lateral margins of T2, while most Trogaspidiini have the spots more centrally oriented.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE4986DFF392DD04D76C7A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE7986DFF392D624873C33D.text	03DCF504FFE7986DFF392D624873C33D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme kuznetsovi Lelej 1996	<div><p>9b. Mickelomyrme kuznetsovi Lelej, 1996</p><p>(Figs 82, 83)</p><p>Mickelomyrme kuznetsovi Lelej 1996a: 283, ♀; 2005: 44, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the vertex with a patch of silvery setae; the scape and legs largely reddened; the mesonotum without anterolateral patches of white setae, the T2 disc with three horizontally aligned setal spots, the middle spot more yellow-tinted; the apical margin of T2 with black setae only; the T2 felt line with silver to golden setae; T4 with lateral patches of silvery setae; and the pygidium elongate ovate with moderately-spaced striae and the apex smooth. Body length 4.5–5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.416664/lat 20.783333)">North Vietnam</a>, Prov. Quang Ninh, II. Phong Vong, 20°47'N, 107°25'E, 185 m, open glade with rare grass (former drill Square), 10.X.1990, V. Kuznetsov (ZISP). Paratypes, same locality, 9–10.X.1990, V. Kuznetsov (2♀ IBSS) . Other Material (4 ♀) . THAILAND: Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m, 6.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Thailand * (Krabi, Phatthalung, Songkhla), Vietnam (Quang Ninh).</p><p>Remarks. This species is nearly identical to M. athalia . Lelej (1996a) separated it from M. athalia by differences in size and punctation, but few specimens were available. After examining the large series of M. athalia mentioned above, we found that these features were not adequate to differentiate these taxa. The absence of white setal mesonotal patches seems to be the most reliable way to differentiate these species, but this trait is also subject to vary in intensity (Figs 77, 78). It seems likely that M. kuznetsovi may be eventually recognized as a synonym of M. athalia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE7986DFF392D624873C33D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE7986CFF392AE74B55C20F.text	03DCF504FFE7986CFF392AE74B55C20F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme pusillaeformis (Hammer 1962) Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>9c. Mickelomyrme pusillaeformis (Hammer, 1962), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 84, 85)</p><p>Smicromyrme pusillaeformis Hammer 1962: 34, ♀; Lelej 2005: 63, ♀.</p><p>Smicromyrme (Nemka) hageni: Lelej &amp; Yamane 1992: 631, ♂, ♀, part.</p><p>Mickelomyrme yunnanensis Lelej 1996a: 280, ♂, ♀, holotype ♂; syn. nov.; Okayasu et al. 2018: 308, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the vertex clothed mostly with silver or golden setae; the scape and legs largely reddened; the mesonotum without anterolateral patches of white setae, the T2 disc with three horizontally aligned silver to golden setal spots; the apical margin of T2 with an apical whitish setal band; the T2 felt line with silver to golden setae; T4 with the setae mostly black; and the pygidium elongate ovate with moderately-spaced striae and the apex smooth. Body length 3.5–6.5 mm. MALE. See Lelej (1996a), as M. yunnanensis .</p><p>Material examined (95 ♀). LAOS, Attapeu Province, Thong Kai Ohk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.0002775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.433334/lat 15.0002775)">Ban</a> Kachung environs, 1200–1450 m, 15 o 0 1'N 107 o 26'E, 10–24.VI.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (4♀ RHMB) ; Bolikhamsay Province, Ban Phone <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.00222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.00222/lat 18.316668)">Kham</a> environs, 200–300 m, 18 o 19'N 104 o 0 8'E, 23–29.V.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (2♀ RHMB) . THAILAND: Chaiyaphum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.03995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.979517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.03995/lat 15.979517)">Tat Tone National Park</a>, near stream, 15 o 58.771'N 102 o 2.397'E, 305 m, 19–26.VII.2006, T. Jarupham and O. Budsawong, T224 (1♀ QSBG) ; Chiang Mai, Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt.: 19.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (2♀ EUM); VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Lampang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.4687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.4687/lat 17.847195)">Chae Son National Park</a>, nursery, 18 o 49.851'N 99 o 28.122'E, 485 m, 1–7.XI.2007, B. Kwunnui and A. Sukpeng, T2818 (1♀ QSBG) ; Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, Vimarndin farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (4♀ CSCA); Krabi: 12.4 km NNW Krabi, Oil palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m: 1.IV.2017, MKT (3♀ CSCA); 3.IV.2017, MKT (11♀ CSCA); 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.4687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.4687/lat 17.847195)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (4♀ CSCA EMUS) ; Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, Farm, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m: 5.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 10.IV.2017, MKT (4♀ CSCA); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Baan Maka Nature Lodge, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 22–23.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla University, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (53♀ CSCA MIUP PSUC QSBG); Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, Khao Sok Jungle Huts, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); 25–26.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Trang, Trang (1♀ EUM). VIETNAM: Dong Nai, Cat Tien National Park, bird trail, 100 m, 15–20.V.2007, Malaise trap, C.v. Achterberg and R. de Vries (1♀ RMNH).</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Lampang, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Surat Thani, Trang), Vietnam (Dong Nai)*.</p><p>Remarks. Mickelomyrme yunnanensis was one of the most commonly encountered mutillids in Southeast Asia; we examined nearly 100 ♀ from China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. We could not find any significant differences between the description of M. pusillaeformis by Hammer and that of M. yunnanensis by Lelej. The type locality of M. pusillaeformis “Mergui, Myanmar ”, is geographically close to many localities where M. yunnanensis females were collected. We therefore consider M. yunnanensis as a junior synonym of M. pusillaeformis, comb. nov.</p><p>Although the authors previously thought this species belonged to Mickelomyrme, it was maintained as Smicromyrme pusillaeformis in Okayasu et al. (2018), because that was not the appropriate forum for publishing the new synonymy and combination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE7986CFF392AE74B55C20F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE6986BFF392B344A6FC4DE.text	03DCF504FFE6986BFF392B344A6FC4DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme puttasoki Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>9d. Mickelomyrme puttasoki Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 86–91)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be separated from other Mickelomyrme by having a triangular pygidium with many striae reaching the apical margin. The following traits are also useful for diagnosis: the pronotum has an anteromedial black patch dorsally; the mesonotum has anterolateral patches of dense white setae; the mesosoma has a transverse sulcus anterior and posterior to the wide arcuate scutellar scale; the T2 apex has black setae only; the T3 and T4 setal bands have orange-brown cuticle beneath them; and T4 has lateral patches of dense whitish setae. Body length 3.5–5.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 5.5 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, malar space, clypeus, mandible, scape, pedicel, F1, and base of F2–8 largely orange-brown. Mesosoma and legs orange-brown, except pronotum dorsomedially, femoral and tibial apices, and tarsi brown to black. Metasoma black, except T1, S1, areas beneath dense white setal patches of T2–4, most of S2, and S6 medially reddened. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with scattered golden and erect blackish setae; T2 disc, T2 apex, and T3–5 medially setae dense black; anterolateral patch on mesonotum, T2 disc lateral ovate spot, and T3–4 laterally with dense whitish silver setae; and T2 basomedial spot pale golden. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures large, mostly separated. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus with transverse entire carina; basomedial portion with narrow v-shaped tooth-like carina. Antennal scrobe with dorsal carina basally, obliterated laterally. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina obliterated. F1 1.6 × pedicel length, F2 1.4 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with short setae, ventral portion of meso- and metapleuron obscured by dense setae, propodeal side mostly smooth. Mesopleural lamella absent. Humeral carina obliterated dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and widest point of propodeum 62:69:58:62:63. Scutellar scale transverse arculate, ~7 punctures wide, with transverse wavy carina anterior and posterior to scale. Posterior propodeal face reticulate. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces not separated by carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 55:26:15:12:10:9. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense punctures, sparser on T1. S1 with simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.45 × T2 total length. T6 with broad triangular pygidium, narrowing to apex; with posteriorly diverging striae (~25 near base), most reaching posterior margin. S6 posterior margin narrow emarginate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA). Paratypes (9 ♀), THAILAND, Kanchanaburi: Sai Yok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.04" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.243/lat 14.04)">Prasat Mueang Sing Park</a>, 14.040 o N 99.243 o E, 50 m, 19.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Same data as Holotype (7♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Kanchanaburi).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the expedition’s driver and fellow modkhong collector, Somphong Puttasok. Treat as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. In having the white anterolateral mesonotal setal patches, this species is similar to M. athalia and M. bicristata . The shared tendency of M. athalia and M. puttasoki to have the median T2 spot obliterated makes them even more difficult to separate. The pygidium of M. puttasoki, however, is very different from all other Mickelomyrme, being broadly triangular with dense nearly complete striae (Fig. 91). This species varies in color; the vertex, the mesosomal sides, the posterior propodeal face, and S2 can vary from entirely black, to extensively darkened brown, to entirely orange-brown (Figs 86–90).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE6986BFF392B344A6FC4DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE1986AFF392C474BF9C7F8.text	03DCF504FFE1986AFF392C474BF9C7F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme kinguri Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>9e. Mickelomyrme kinguri Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 92–94)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be separated from other Mickelomyrme by the unique coloration: the head is uniform orange-brown and the T2 disc has a large oval medial spot composed of golden setae over orange cuticle. The following traits are also useful for diagnosis: the pronotum has an anteromedial black patch dorsally; the mesonotum has anterolateral patches of dense white setae; the mesosoma has a transverse sulcus anterior and posterior to the wide arcuate scutellar scale; the T2 apex has black setae only; T4 has lateral patches of dense whitish setae; and the pygidium is elongate oval with many striae reaching the apical margin. Body length 4.0 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 4.0 mm. Coloration. Head orange-brown, except mandible apex and flagellum largely blackish. Mesosoma and legs orange-brown, except pronotum dorsomedially, lateral pronotal face, mesopleuron, posterior propodeal face, femoral and tibial apices, and tarsi brown to black. Metasoma black, except S1, T1, S2, T2 medial ovate patch, and T2 laterally reddened. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with scattered golden and erect blackish setae; T2 disc, T2 apex, and T3–5 medially setae dense black; anterolateral patch on mesonotum, T2 disc lateral ovate spot, and T3–5 laterally with dense whitish silver setae; and T2 basomedial spot orange-golden. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures large, mostly separated. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus with transverse entire carina; basomedial portion with narrow u-shaped tooth-like carina. Antennal scrobe with weak dorsal carina basally, obliterated laterally. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina obliterated. F1 1.7 × pedicel length, F2 1.4 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.15 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with short setae, ventral portion of meso- and metapleuron obscured by dense setae, propodeal side mostly smooth. Mesopleural lamella absent. Humeral carina obliterated dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and widest point of propodeum 55:60:53:55:55. Scutellar scale transverse arcuate, ~7 punctures wide, with transverse wavy carina anterior and posterior to scale. Posterior propodeal face reticulate, with many interspaces obliterated leaving scattered apparent lateral carinae. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces not separated by carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 50:25:15:12:9:8. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense punctures, sparser on T1. S1 with simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.45 × T2 total length. T6 with long oval pygidium; with sub-parallel striae (~17 near midpoint), some reaching posterior margin. S6 posterior margin narrow emarginate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Sai Yok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.04" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.243/lat 14.04)">Prasat Mueang Sing Park</a>, 14.040 o N 99.243 o E, 50 m, 19.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Kanchanaburi).</p><p>Etymology. This specific epithet comes from the Japanese “ kinguri ”, golden chestnut. Named in part for the golden-orange oval-shaped mark on T2. KAW also names this cute red-headed species for his lovely wife, Kristy Leigh Williams, whose Japanese nickname was Kinguri, because of her beautiful red hair.</p><p>Remarks. This is apparently the only eastern Oriental Smicromyrmini to have its T2 spot composed of orange cuticle. In the Palaearctic region, this occurs in Nuristanilla Lelej in Lelej &amp; Kabakov, 1980, and in the Afrotropical region, a few species currently placed in Smicromyrme have this trait. The overall morphology of M. kinguri, however, is consistent with Mickelomyrme and especially similar to M. puttasoki . Because the sole representative of M. kinguri was collected alongside two females of M. puttasoki, and that species shows variation in color, we initially thought they were conspecific. In addition to color differences, however, the pygidium of these species is significantly different (Figs 91, 94).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE1986AFF392C474BF9C7F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE0986AFF392CB048DEC0A1.text	03DCF504FFE0986AFF392CB048DEC0A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemka conjungenda (Magretti 1892)	<div><p>10a. Nemka conjungenda (Magretti, 1892)</p><p>(Figs 9, 95–97)</p><p>Mutilla conjungenda Magretti 1892: 214, ♀</p><p>Nemka conjungenda: Lelej 2005: 45, ♀.</p><p>Nemka tenasserimica: Lelej 1995a: 19, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has: the dorsum of the head with mostly black setae (Fig. 77); the antennae and legs variably brown, not purely black; the scutellar scale as wide as long; the mesosomal side with a patch of dense silvery to golden setae ventrally; an apical white setal band on T2 that is medially expanded and anteriorly truncate or emarginate (Fig. 77); T6 with silvery setae basally (Fig. 79); and the pygidium with parallel striae, some of which reach the apical margin (Fig. 79). Body length 6.8 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined (7 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt.: 19.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM) ; 20.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 23.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (2♀ EUM); Sisaket, 60 km W Ubon Ratchathani, 100 m, 13.XII.1988, Trautner &amp; Geigenmüller (2♀ IBSS); Trang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.79278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.542222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.79278/lat 7.542222)">Nam Tok Ton Prew Khao</a> Chong, 135 m, 7 o 32'32"N 99 o 47'34"E, 6.II.2005, D. Yanega (1♀ UCRC).</p><p>Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Sisaket, Trang).</p><p>Remarks. In Lelej’s (1995a) review, this keys out to N. tenasserimica (Magretti, 1892) . In 2005, however, Lelej determined that Mutilla tenasserimica was a different species that rather belonged to Smicromyrme . The specimen we examined accords with Magretti’s (1892) description of Mutilla conjungenda, which was transferred to Nemka by Lelej (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE0986AFF392CB048DEC0A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE09869FF3928624829C6F4.text	03DCF504FFE09869FF3928624829C6F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nordeniella Lelej 2005	<div><p>Genus 11. Nordeniella Lelej, 2005</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This genus is separated from the other Smicromyrmini by having the lengths of F1 and F2 subequal, the mesosoma parallel-sided or posteriorly widened, the scutellar scale obliterated, and T6 completely lacking a defined pygidium. MALE. See Lelej (2005).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Five species are recognized from India and Sri Lanka (Lelej 2005). The new species described below is the first record of this genus in the eastern Oriental region.</p><p>Remarks. This genus is similar to Promecilla André, 1902, but has the mesosoma more robust and has F1 and F2 short and subequal in length. The species described below is the first one to be recognized from the eastern Oriental region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE09869FF3928624829C6F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE39869FF392E2E4C35C01C.text	03DCF504FFE39869FF392E2E4C35C01C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nordeniella maleeae Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>11a. Nordeniella maleeae Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 10, 56–58)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the head and metasoma black, without any metallic hue; the mesosoma parallel-sided and having a dark streak on the posterior face; T2 disc with a well-defined white setal patch basomedially; and T3 entirely clothed with white setae. Body length 3–4.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 4.5 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, scape, and pedicel largely orange-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, except mesopleuron, posterior propodeal face, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi brown to black. Metasoma black, except S1 reddened and T2–3 yellow-brown beneath white setal markings. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except vertex and mesosomal dorsum with scattered silver and erect blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and T2 basomedial spot, T2 apex, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense whitish silver setae. Head. Width behind eye 1.1 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures dense to confluent. Mandible apex tridentate. Clypeus with transverse truncate lamella; basomedial portion convex, densely punctate, with obscure longitudinal carina basally. Antennal scrobe with dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina obscure, forming raised tooth with hypostomal carina. F1 1.4 × pedicel length, F2 1.4 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with short setae, ventral portion of meso- and metapleuron weakly transverse striate, posterior portion of propodeal side with obscure reticulations. Mesopleural lamella absent. Humeral carina distinct, arcuate. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and widest point of propodeum 55:58:54:57:57. Scutellar scale obliterated. Posterior propodeal face reticulate. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by interrupted wavy carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 80:37:23:17:11:9. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense punctures, sparser on T1, confluent on T2. S1 with long simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.2 × T2 total length. T6 convex, mostly smooth. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (CSCA) . Paratypes (2 ♀), Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 16.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Phetchaburi, Songkhla)</p><p>Etymology. KAW is happy to name this species for co-author and type collector, Rufeah Malee. Treat as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The occurrence of this genus in Thailand is initially surprising, as it was formerly known from India and Sri Lanka only. Other mutillid genera ( Eosmicromyrmilla, Kurzenkotilla, Orientilla), however, are diverse and predominantly found in India and Sri Lanka, but have one or two species reaching mainland Southeast Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE39869FF392E2E4C35C01C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE39868FF3929014826C6FB.text	03DCF504FFE39868FF3929014826C6FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physetopoda Schuster 1949	<div><p>Genus 12. Physetopoda Schuster, 1949</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This genus is recognized by having a distinct scutellar scale and having the pygidium sides narrowed basally. In other features, this widespread and diverse genus shows considerable variation. MALE. See Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Roughly 50 species are known, mostly from the Palaearctic, though many of the Afrotropical members of Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870 will likely be transferred to Physetopoda in the future. Physeotopoda thai Lelej, 1995 is the only species known from southeast Asia.</p><p>Remarks. The only eastern Oriental species in this genus is P. thai Lelej, 1995 . Its color pattern, with four setal spots on T2, is similar to P. punctata (Latreille, 1792) and some other Palaearctic species. Two species that we treat below in Smicromyrme, S. lochius and S. borkenti, have a similar pygidium to Physetopoda (Figs 82, 85), but have the scutellar scale reduced or obliterated. As yet, no males of Physetopoda are known from Thailand. Discovery of sex associations or molecular phylogenetics will be vital for confirming the genus placement of P. thai, S. lochius, and S. borkenti .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE39868FF3929014826C6FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE29868FF392E2E4CE5C09B.text	03DCF504FFE29868FF392E2E4CE5C09B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physetopoda thai Lelej 1995	<div><p>12a. Physetopoda thai Lelej, 1995</p><p>(Figs 11, 71–76)</p><p>Physotopoda thai Lelej 1995b: 15, ♀; 2005: 51; Okayasu et al. 2018: 308.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by its T2 pattern, which has one basomedial spot, one apicomedial spot, and two apicolateral spots. Other useful diagnostic features include: the clypeus has a basomedial tooth; the vertex has a transverse patch of silver to golden setae; the mesosoma is longer than wide; the scutellar scale is posteriorly rounded and surrounded by scattered tubercles; and the pygidium is smooth. Body length 3.5–7.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined (150 ♀). LAOS, Bolikhamsay Province, Ban Phone <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.333336/lat 18.316668)">Kham</a> environs, 200–300 m, 18 o 19'N 104 o 0 8'E, 2317 o 20'N 101 o 20'E, 23–29.V.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (1♀ RHMB) . MYANMAR, Northeast, Sadon, 1200 m, 28.VI–5.VII, Malaise trap (2♀ RMNH) . THAILAND: Chiang Mai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.954/lat 18.542)">Rim Pa Huay Tong</a>, 18.542 o N 98.954 o E, 250 m, 10–20.VIII.1997, Malaise trap in field at edge of mixed deciduous forest, S. Sonthichai (1♀ EMUS) ; Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (5♀ CSCA) ; Loei, Phu Ruea National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.340935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.49905" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.340935/lat 17.49905)">Rong</a> huay hin gao, 17 o 29.943'N 101 o 20.456'E, 1184 m, litter sample, 19–22.X.2006, N. Jarochenai, T627 (1♀ QSBG) ; Nakhon Ratchasima, Sakaerat, env[irons] res[earch] centre, 15.IX.2001, K. Eguchi (2♀ SKYC) ; Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 7–8.IV.2017, MKT (5♀ CSCA) ; Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m, 10.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phetchabun, Nam Nao National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.563286&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.72825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.563286/lat 16.72825)">Forest Checkpoint</a>, 16 o 43.695'N 101 o 33.797'E, 921m, pan traps, 26–27.X.2006, N. Hongyothi, T1006 (1♀ QSBG) ; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 16.V.2018, MKT (5♀ CSCA) ; 22–23.V.2018, MKT (10♀ CSCA); Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan National Park, behing <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.000084&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.001902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.000084/lat 17.001902)">Huay Wien Prai Forest</a> Unit, 17 o 0 6.847'N 104 o 0 0.302'E, 376 m, pan traps, 2–3.VIII.2006, V. Khongnara, T496 (1♀ QSBG) ; Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (98♀ CSCA EMUS MIUP PSUC QSBG) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 25–26.V.2018, MKT (12♀ CSCA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (3♀ CSCA) ; Ubon Ratchathani, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.59623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.533083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.59623/lat 15.533083)">Pha Taem National Park</a>, 15 o 31.985'N 105 o 35.774'E, 155 m, pan traps, 10–11.IX.2006, M. Sai-ngam, T886 (1♀ QSBG) .</p><p>Distribution. Laos *, Myanmar *, Thailand (Chiang Mai, Krabi, Loei, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Sakhon Nakhon, Songkhla, Surat Thani, Ubon Ratchathani).</p><p>Remarks. This species was described based on a single specimen from Chiang Mai; nearly 150 specimens have since been examined, allowing us to discuss intraspecific variation for this interesting species. The mesosoma varies from uniform reddish (Figs 71, 72) to largely infuscated dorsally and posteriorly (Fig. 73). The metasomal setal spots vary from bright golden (Fig. 71) to pale whitish gray (Fig. 72). The shape of the posterior T2 spot varies from a nearly equilateral triangle (Fig. 72) to broadly obtuse triangle (Fig. 73). There can be a medial setal spot on T3 (Figs 72, 73) or T3 can lack such a medial spot (Fig. 71). The body length varies from 3.5 to 7.5 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE29868FF392E2E4CE5C09B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE29867FF3929894983C78B.text	03DCF504FFE29867FF3929894983C78B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecilla Andre 1902	<div><p>Genus 13. Promecilla André, 1902</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. See the key above and Lelej (1995b). MALE. See Lelej (1985, 1995b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. There are 27 species recognized (Bischoff 1920; Lelej 2002, 2005), including P. philippinensis Lelej, 2005 (Fig. 12) from the Philippines and nearly half of these occurring in India.</p><p>Remarks. Some species, like P. decora were formerly included in Sinotilla . In most keys, Promecilla females are separated from Sinotilla because they lack a scutellar scale. This trait can be deceptively difficult to score because the scutellar scale size is variable in genera that do possess a scale (like Sinotilla) and sometimes a confluence of puncture intervals can form an apparent scale in genera that shouldn’t possess one (like Promecilla). In these cases, the best hope for accurate genus assignment is to discover the sex association, as males of Promecilla and Sinotilla differ in antennal and genitalic morphology, and the male of P. decora described by Pagden, clearly belongs to Promecilla . Discovery of new sex associations might lead to changes in the genus assignments proposed in this research, but that will facilitate more accurate genus limits and diagnoses for these wasps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE29867FF3929894983C78B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFED9867FF392EBE4DD8C3B6.text	03DCF504FFED9867FF392EBE4DD8C3B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecilla decora (Smith 1879)	<div><p>13a. Promecilla decora (Smith, 1879)</p><p>(Figs 12, 65–67)</p><p>Mutilla decora Smith 1879: 200, ♀; Magretti, 1892: 213, ♀; Zavattari 1910: 9.</p><p>Smicromyrme decora: Pagden 1934a: 465, ♂, ♀; Mickel 1935: 288, ♀; Pagden, 1949: 222, ♀, ♂;</p><p>Sinotilla decora: Lelej 1995b: 19; 2005: 55; Okayasu 2017: 166.</p><p>Promecilla decora: Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 57, ♀, ♂.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by having the dorsal face of the pronotum with a lateral tooth, T2 with a basomedial whitish spot, having the sculpture of T2 with dense small punctures, and the metasoma dark metallic blue. Body length 4–7 mm. MALE. See Pagden (1949).</p><p>Material examined (9 ♀). MALAYSIA, Kelantan, 12 km E border Kelantan-Perak, 24.VII.1992, C.W. and L.B. O’Brien (1♀ CASC) . THAILAND: Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 7.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m, 5.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA QSBG) ; Phetchabun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.00227&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.65915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.00227/lat 16.65915)">Khao Kho National Park</a>, 16 o 39.549'N 101 o 0 8.198'E, 168 m, 9-10.I.2007, pan trap, S. Chachumnan and S. Singtong, T1387 (1♀ QSBG) ; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 22–23.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m, 14.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand (Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, and Surat Thani), Myanmar, Malaysia (Kelantan, Pulau Pinang, Kuala Lumpur), and Indonesia (Java).</p><p>Host. Reared from nests of a widely distributed, mud-daubing solitary wasp Pison argentatum Shuckard, 1838 ( Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Pagden 1934b), which is also known as a hunter of both web-building and non-webbuilding spiders of Salticidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae and Oxyopidae (Starr 2004) . Pagden (1934b) mentioned that this species probably attacks other species of Pison as well.</p><p>Remarks. The metallic blue metasomal color is less distinct than in Sinotilla cyaneiventris . The evenly convex T2 with smaller and finer punctures is useful for separating this species from S. belokobylskiji .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFED9867FF392EBE4DD8C3B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFED9867FF39296C48D5C181.text	03DCF504FFED9867FF39296C48D5C181.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla Lelej 1995	<div><p>Genus 14. Sinotilla Lelej, 1995</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This genus can be recognized by having the mesosoma with a scutellar scale and T6 convex without any trace of a defined pygidium. Other useful features are discussed by Okayasu (2017). MALE. See Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. This genus includes 21 species in the eastern Oriental region (Okayasu 2017, Okayasu et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks. The females of this genus were recently reviewed by Okayasu (2017). The species treated here, including two newly recorded from Thailand, were identified using his keys. In minor features, they differ from other specimens of those taxa. Comparison of larger series or discovery of the males could necessitate that these be described as new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFED9867FF39296C48D5C181	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEC9866FF392FFA4D14C536.text	03DCF504FFEC9866FF392FFA4D14C536.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla belokobylskiji Lelej 1995	<div><p>14a. Sinotilla belokobylskiji Lelej, 1995</p><p>(Figs 59–61)</p><p>Sinotilla belokobylskiji Lelej, 1995b: 22, ♀; 2005: 54, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has a distinct scutellar scale, T2 medially depressed with large coarse confluent punctures, T2 with a large spot of dense whitish setae medially, S2–3 with bands of whitish setae, and the metasoma black. Body length 4.5–11 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♀, VIETNAM, Vinh Phu, Tam Dao, 1000 m, forest, 10.XI.1990, S. Belokobylskij (ZISP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 17.847195)">Other Material</a> (7 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 17.847195)">Omkoi District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 17.847195)">Dry</a> dipterocarp forest, 17°50'49.9"N 98°22'33.0", 950–1010 m alt., 12.IX.2016, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); 14.XII.2016, R. Mizuno (2♀ EUM); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Baan Maka Nature Lodge, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 16.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 22–23.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla University, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Phetchaburi, Songkhla) and Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The type of S. belokobylskiji from Vietnam is diagnosed as having a rather broad scutellar scale (Lelej 1995; Okayasu 2017), unlike the specimens treated here. In other species, however, like Mickelomyrme athalia, scutellar scale width seems to vary intraspecifically. We hypothesize that the specimens listed above belong to S. belokobylskiji, but future analyses may recognize them as a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEC9866FF392FFA4D14C536	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEC9866FF392CEF4B22C00D.text	03DCF504FFEC9866FF392CEF4B22C00D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla cyaneiventris (Andre 1896)	<div><p>14b. Sinotilla cyaneiventris (André, 1896)</p><p>(Figs 13, 62–64)</p><p>Mutilla cyaneiventris André, 1896: 18, ♂</p><p>Smicromyrme cyaneiventris: Mickel 1933b: 320, ♂; Yasumatsu 1948: 73, ♂; Hammer 1949: 11, ♂; Chen 1957: 203, ♂, ♀. Sinotilla cyaneiventris: Lelej, 1995b: 20, ♀; 2002: 63, ♂, ♀; 2005: 54, ♂, ♀; Okayasu 2017: 164, ♀</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the length of F1 subequal to F2; T1 orange-brown without a whitish band; T2 without a basal spot of whitish setae, and the metasoma bright metallic purple. Body length 4 mm. MALE. See Chen (1957).</p><p>Material examined (2 ♀). THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phetchabun, Khao Kho National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.00216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.65145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.00216/lat 16.65145)">Thanthip</a> waterfall, 16 o 39.087'N 101 o 0 7.777'E, 210 m, 5–12.IX.2006, Malaise trap, S. Chachumnan and S. Singtong, T589 (1♀ QSBG) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Hebei, Shanxi, Neimenggu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Yunnan) and Thailand * (Kanchanaburi, Phetchabun).</p><p>Remarks. This species is widespread in China; the lone specimen we collected in Kanchanaburi represents the new southernmost distribution record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEC9866FF392CEF4B22C00D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEF9865FF392EBE4824C259.text	03DCF504FFEF9865FF392EBE4824C259.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme lochius Mickel 1937	<div><p>15a. Smicromyrme lochius Mickel, 1937</p><p>(Figs 14, 101–103)</p><p>Smicromyrme lochia Mickel 1937: 452, ♀; Lelej, 2005: 62, ♀</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the head and metasoma black, the mesosoma and legs orange-brown, the mandible apparently unidentate, the scutellar scale distinct and surrounded by scattered tubercles, a single basomedial spot the T2 disc, T2 apically and T3 entirely each with a dense white setal band, and the pygidium elongate trapezoidal with striae in the basal half. Body length 5.5–8.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined (2 ♀). THAILAND: Satun, 30 km NE Satun, Thaleban N.P., 200 m, 6 o 41'N 100 o 11'E, 26.VII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH); Trang, Na Yong District, Peninsular Botanic Garden (Khao Chong), 26.III.2005, T. Kurihara (1♀ EUM) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Pulau Pinang, Sarawak) and Thailand * (Satun, Trang).</p><p>Remarks. The pygidium of this species is elongate trapezoidal, with the basal margins converging basally, which is a primary diagnostic feature of Physetopoda . This species has a smaller scutellar scale and longer mesosoma than typical Palaearctic Physetopoda . No males of that genus, however, have been found in Malaysia. Therefore, we maintain the status of this taxon within Smicromyrme, but anticipate that this could change with additional data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEF9865FF392EBE4824C259	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEF9864FF392BCA4AFDC7FB.text	03DCF504FFEF9864FF392BCA4AFDC7FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme helarctos Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>15b. Smicromyrme helarctos Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 104–106)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has unique coloration in Southeast Asia, wherein the mesosoma is black except for the orange-brown dorsal face. The head is entirely black, the legs are entirely orange, the metasoma is mostly black with a single basomedial spot on the T2 disc. The scutellar scale is broadly arcuate and the pygidium is elongate oval with sparse striae and the apex smooth. Body length 3.4 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 3.4 mm. Coloration. Head black-brown, except frons, mandible, clypeus, and antenna largely orange-brown. Mesosoma black-brown, except dorsum orange-brown and legs pale orange. Metasoma black, except T1, S1, T2 apically, T3, and S2–6 red-brown to yellow-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except vertex, mesosomal dorsum, T2, and T4–5 with blackish setae; and T1 apex, T2 basomedial spot, T2 apex, T3 entirely, and T6 basolaterally with dense whitish silver setae. Head. Width behind eye 0.95 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena with separated punctures. Mandible apex obscurely tridentate. Clypeus with narrow transverse medially-emarginate lamella; basomedial portion with carinae forming acute triangle. Antennal scrobe without dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina obliterated. F1 1.2 × pedicel length, F2 1.2 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 0.95 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered moderate punctures with long setae, interspaces mostly smooth, propodeal side with distinct reticulations posteriorly. Mesopleural lamella absent. Humeral carina simple, rounded dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 42:46:45:46:45. Scutellar scale transverse arculate, ~9 punctures wide, with transverse wavy carina anterior and posterior to scale. Posterior propodeal face reticulate. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces not separated by carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 45:25:18:15:12:9. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small separated punctures, sparser on T1. S1 with simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.4 × T2 total length. T6 with long ovate pygidium; with parallel striae (16 at widest point), posterior quarter smooth. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Mueang Kanchanaburi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.34/lat 14.24)">Phalad</a> waterfall, 14.24 o N 99.34 o E, 180 m, 21.V.2018, MKT (CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Thailand (Kanchanaburi).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the Sun Bear, Helarctos malayanus (Raffles, 1821), one of two bear species native to Southeast Asia, and for all the other bears around the World. Treat as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. With its broad scutellar scale and pygidium shape and sculpture, this species is structurally similar to Mickelomyrme. We treat it as a member of Smicromyrme because T2 has only one medial setal spot. Discovery of the male could provide greater confidence in the genus placement.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEF9864FF392BCA4AFDC7FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEE9864FF392D294AC3C138.text	03DCF504FFEE9864FF392D294AC3C138.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme borkenti Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>15c. Smicromyrme borkenti Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 98–100)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: the mandible is narrow tridentate, the mesosoma lacks a scutellar scale, and the pygidium is elongate trapezoidal. Body length 4.5–7 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 6.6 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, scape, and pedicel largely orange-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi brown to black. Metasoma reddish black, except T2 apex yellow-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except vertex and mesosomal dorsum with scattered silver to golden and erect blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and T2 basomedial spot, T2 apex, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense whitish silver setae. Head. Width behind eye 0.9 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures confluent. Mandible apex narrow tridentate. Clypeus with transverse medially emarginate lamella; basomedial portion with sharp narrow tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina extending nearly to mandible base. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina distinct, forming tooth at hypostomal carina junction. F1 1.7 × pedicel length, F2 1.5 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.2 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with dense short setae. Mesopleural lamella absent. Humeral carina distinct. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 68:71:65:69:68. Scutellar scale obliterated. Posterior propodeal face reticulate. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces not separated by carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 40:16:11:8:6:6. Metasoma. T1 anterior face smooth, posterior with large punctures and dense setae. T2–5 with small dense to confluent punctures. S1 with simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-trapezoidal pygidium, widest subapically; with 15 striae at midpoint, few reaching posterior margin laterally. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, Phnom Bencha <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m: 2.IV.2017, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (8 ♀), THAILAND: Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 3.IV.2017, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 7–8.IV.2017, MKT (5♀ CSCA QSBG) ; Trang, Trang, 50 m, 7 o 33'N 99 o 36'E, 27.VII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang).</p><p>Etymology. KAW is happy to name this species for dipterist coauthor Chris Borkent, who organized the expeditions and helped to collect many of the mutillid specimens treated here.</p><p>Remarks. In having a defined pygidium and lacking a scutellar scale, this species could arguably be placed in Andreimyrme . The mandible, however, is more slender than Andreimyrme and males of that genus have not been found in southern Thailand. We therefore prefer to treat this species as Smicromyrme until additional data are available. The pygidium of this species is similar to that of S. lochius .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEE9864FF392D294AC3C138	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE99863FF392FFA49B5C523.text	03DCF504FFE99863FF392FFA49B5C523.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme triguttatus Mickel 1933	<div><p>15d. Smicromyrme triguttatus Mickel, 1933</p><p>(Figs 107–110)</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttata Mickel, 1933b: 421, ♀</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttata latisquamula Chen, 1957: 209, ♀. Synonymized by Okayasu (2018): 481.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species the mesosoma longer than broad; the scutellar scale distinct and surrounded by scattered tubercles; the T2 disc with three spots, the lateral spots disposed posterior to the medial spot; the T2 apex with a white to golden medially expanded band; T3 with the setae entirely white to golden; T4–5 with the setae mostly black; and the pygidium elongate ovate with moderately-spaced striae and the apex smooth. Body length 4–5.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined (9 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Road 1013, km 34, 1.VI.1999, C.W. and L.B. O’Brien (1♀ CASC); Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt.: 24.IX.2016, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM) ; 20.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (6♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan), Laos, Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi), and Vietnam (North).</p><p>Remarks. Okayasu (2018) synonymized the subspecies S. t. latisquamula Chen, 1957 with the nominotypical form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE99863FF392FFA49B5C523	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE99862FF392CE14C11C7DF.text	03DCF504FFE99862FF392CE14C11C7DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme thaochani Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>15e. Smicromyrme thaochani Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 111–114)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species the mesosoma longer than broad; the scutellar scale distinct and surrounded by scattered tubercles; the T2 disc with three spots, the lateral spots disposed posterior to the medial spot; the T2 apex with a white to golden medially expanded band; T3 with the setae entirely white to golden; T4–5 with the setae mostly black; and the pygidium elongate ovate with many dense striae that reach the apex. Body length 6–8.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 7.3 mm. Coloration. Head black, except mandible and scape largely orange-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, except mesopleuron, posterior propodeal face, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi brown to black. Metasoma black, except S1 reddened and T2–3 yellow-brown beneath white setal markings. Body setae generally sparse and pale golden, except frons, vertex, and mesosomal dorsum with scattered silver and erect blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex posteriorly, T2 basomedial and lateral circular spots, T2 apex, T3 entirely, and T6 lateral tuft with dense pale golden setae. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures tightly confluent. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus with obscure transverse carina; basomedial portion with sharp flat tubercle. Antennal scrobe with distinct dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle smooth. Genal carina obscure, not reaching hypostomal carina. F1 2.0 × pedicel length, F2 1.6 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.25 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with small coarse confluent punctures. Side of mesosoma with scattered micropunctures with short setae. Mesopleural lamella a simple carina. Humeral carina distinct. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and widest point of propodeum 86:89:80:85:90. Scutellar scale trunctate, ~4 punctures wide, surrounded by scattered tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated and corners raised to tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces not separated by carina. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 70:40:23:15:13:13. Metasoma. Terga 1–5 with small dense to confluent punctures, sparser on T1. S1 with simple longitudinal carina. T2 felt line 0.55 × T2 total length. T6 with long ovate pygidium; with parallel striae (~25 at midpoint) mostly reaching apex. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 22.V.2018, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (12 ♀), THAILAND: Chiang Mai: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.916664/lat 18.8)">Doi Suthep</a>, 1000 m, 18 o 48'N 98 o 55'E, 5.VII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH) ; Doi Suthep Pui National Park, 4.VII.1981, G. Gordh (1♀ UCRC) ; Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 16.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; 22–23.V.2018, MKT (6♀ CSCA PSUC QSBG) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Phetchaburi).</p><p>Etymology. KAW is happy to name this species for his co-author and friend, Narit Thaochan, who collected some of the paratypes and made these expeditions possible with his translating and planning.</p><p>Remarks. This species is larger and has tighter coarser punctures than S. triguttatus . This is especially apparent in the pygidium, which is densely striate (Fig. 113 vs. Fig. 109). The setal markings of the vertex and metasoma (Fig. 111) are also denser than those seen in S. triguttatus (Fig. 107). This species has frequently been misidentified as S. triguttatus and additional specimens are likely to be found in museum series of that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE99862FF392CE14C11C7DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE89862FF392DD64D33C25B.text	03DCF504FFE89862FF392DD64D33C25B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cockerellidia Lelej & Krombein 1999	<div><p>Genus 16. Cockerellidia Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Immediately recognizable by the large red-brown head, small eyes, laterally swollen mesonotum, and dense elongate setae covering the body. See Lelej and Krombein (1999) for additional traits. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. One species from northern Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. Cockerellidia sohmi (Cockerell, 1928) (Fig. 15) is known only from the unique type collected in an uncertain locality of northern Thailand: “ Siam near Mecatin”. It is similar to the following genus, Karlidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999, which was described in the same publication. The most recent phylogenetic reconstruction (Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017) indicates that Cockerellidia and Karlidia belong to the subtribe Ephutina of the tribe Mutillini in subfamily Mutillinae, rather than Sphaeropthalminae . The unknown males of these genera are likely to be confused with Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 or Yamanetilla Lelej, 1996.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE89862FF392DD64D33C25B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE89862FF392BC948F5C026.text	03DCF504FFE89862FF392BC948F5C026.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Karlidia Lelej in Lelej & Krombein 1999	<div><p>Genus 17. Karlidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Immediately recognizable by the small black head, moderate eyes, laterally swollen mesonotum, and dense elongate setae covering the body. See Lelej and Krombein (1999) for additional traits. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. One species from northern Thailand and Myanmar *.</p><p>Remarks. Karlidia peterseni Lelej in Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999 (Fig. 16) was described from nearly 30 specimens collected in October 1979 in the Doi Suther-Pui National Park in Chiang Mai, Thailand. We have subsequently examined one additional female from the Doi Suther-Pui park collected in March 1958 (BPBM) and 16 ♀ from the Kayin State of Myanmar [Tenasserim, Sukli, 75 km E of Moulmein, 600 m, 27–31.X.1934, Malaise trap (FSCA, RMNH)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE89862FF392BC948F5C026	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE89862FF392D444B0CC48B.text	03DCF504FFE89862FF392D444B0CC48B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mutillini Latreille 1802	<div><p>Tribe MUTILLINI Latreille, 1802</p><p>Subtribe EPHUTINA Ashmead, 1903</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE89862FF392D444B0CC48B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFE89861FF3929114B78C6D8.text	03DCF504FFE89861FF3929114B78C6D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomutilla Ashmead 1899	<div><p>Genus 18. Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the Oriental region, females of Odontomutilla can be recognized by having the mesonotum laterally expanded, having T1 broadly disciform, having short and simple body setae, and having the T2 felt line forming an ovate densely-setose pit. MALE. Oriental males of Odontomutilla can be recognized by having the mesoscutellum bidentate posteriorly, the propodeum postero-lateral angle angulate or dentate, and T1 broadly disciform. Both sexes of Odontomutilla are larger-bodied (8–18 mm) than the structurally similar Yamanetilla (6–9 mm).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Over 100 species are recognized in this genus, occurring in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australasian regions (Bischoff 1920, Krombein 1971, Lelej 2005).</p><p>Remarks. Two species of Odontomutilla have been recorded from Thailand: O. cordigera (Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski, 1869) and O. uranioides Mickel, 1933 (Fig. 18), but neither is known from southern Thailand (Lelej 2005, Okayasu et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFE89861FF3929114B78C6D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEB9861FF392CEB4C1DC274.text	03DCF504FFEB9861FF392CEB4C1DC274.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kurzenkotilla Lelej 2005	<div><p>Genus 20. Kurzenkotilla Lelej, 2005</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the Oriental region, this genus is unique in having the mesosomal sides parallel, T1 broad, and the T2 disc marked with two setal spots. See Lelej (2005) for additional diagnostic features. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Two species from India, one from Afghanistan, and one, K. annamensis Lelej, 2005 (Fig. 17) from Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand (Chiang Mai).</p><p>Remarks. We have seen five Thai specimens of K. annamensis from Chiang Mai Province (EMUS, EUM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEB9861FF392CEB4C1DC274	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEB9861FF392BAE4B33C0F2.text	03DCF504FFEB9861FF392BAE4B33C0F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mutilla Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Genus 21. Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. In the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic regions, this genus is unique in having the mesosomal sides parallel, T1 broad, and the T2 disc with uniform black setae. Other diagnostic features include: mandible unarmed ventrally, head usually broader than mesosoma, mesosomal width equal to or narrower than pronotum in dorsal view, and T6 lacking defined pygidial plate. MALE. In the Oriental region, males can be separated from other Mutillinae by having the mandible unarmed ventrally, the clypeus with a medial projection, the tegula elongate, the mesoscutellum unarmed, T1 broad, S7 tuberculate or carinate, and the paramere with a ventral brush of long setae.</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Over 60 species are currently placed in the genus Mutilla, mostly from the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions (Bischoff 1920, Lelej 2002). No females have been found in the southern Oriental region; M. harmandi André, 1898 is the only male found in Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. Females of Mutilla are included in the key to genera above, even though the only southeast Asian species, M. harmandi is known from males only. Because Mutilla are generally large and conspicuous insects, it seems likely that M. harmandi might be eventually associated with a female from a different genus, and subsequently transferred out of Mutilla .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEB9861FF392BAE4B33C0F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEB9860FF3928EC4DDFC430.text	03DCF504FFEB9860FF3928EC4DDFC430.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eotrogaspidia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus 22. Eotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This genus has the procoxa armed with a tooth or smooth tubercle (Fig. 118), the scutellar scale present; the propodeum broader than the pronotum; the T2 disc with two pale lateral spots; T3 and T4 each with pale setal bands; and the pygidium defined, but not striate or entirely rugose. MALE. See Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Four Oriental species are recognized (Lelej 2005, Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006), three are discussed below and one, E. ekka (Nurse, 1902), occurs in India.</p><p>Remarks. By having flattened and setose metacoxae in the male, this genus is similar to Vanhartenidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; van Harten, 2006 . In fact, one of the previously recognized Eotrogaspidia species, V. dives (Smith, 1855) was transferred into Vanhartenidia (Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006) . An interesting similarity in females of these genera is that the procoxa is armed with a tooth in both genera, although various other trogaspidiine genera have a similar tooth, including Wallacidia and many species within Trogaspidia itself.</p><p>In males, there are distinct genitalic differences between these genera and in females they can be separated by the coarsely sculpted pygidium of Vanhartenidia that has the lateral carina expanded apically (Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006), while Eotrogaspidia have weaker pygidium sculpture and lateral carina (Figs 117, 121).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEB9860FF3928EC4DDFC430	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEA9860FF392DF24D26C063.text	03DCF504FFEA9860FF392DF24D26C063.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith 1855)	<div><p>22a. Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith, 1855)</p><p>(Figs 20, 119–121)</p><p>Mutilla auroguttata Smith, 1855: 53, ♀, type locality: “ Brasil ”, actually Xianggang (= Hong Kong, China).</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) disparilis Mickel, 1933b: 398, ♂, type locality: "Taihorin", Taiwan (China), holotype in Mus. Naturk. Humboldt Univ. Synonymized by Lelej, 1996c: 22.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) repraesentoides Mickel, 1933b: 411, ♀, type locality: “Hoozan”, Taiwan (China), holotype in Deutsch. Entomol. Inst., Müncheberg. Synonymized by Mickel 1939: 192.</p><p>Trogaspidia disparilis: Chen, 1957: 168, ♂; Tsuneki, 1972: 8, ♂; 1993: 48, ♂.</p><p>Trogaspidia auroguttata auroguttata: Chen, 1957: 171, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia auroguttata repraesentoides: Chen, 1957: 172, ♀; Tsuneki, 1972: 8, ♀.</p><p>Eotrogaspidia auroguttata: Lelej, 1996c: 22; 2002: 81; 2005: 78.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith, 1855) has the procoxa armed with a sharp sub-punctate tubercle; the legs entirely black; well-defined large pale golden setal spots on the T2 disc; the setal bands of T3 and T4 interrupted (Fig. 119); the pygidium ovate with the posterior half smooth and anterior half weakly rugose (Fig. 121). Body length 4.5–7.5 mm. MALE. See Chen (1957).</p><p>Material examined (22 ♀). INDONESIA, Java: Bandoeng, 700 m, various dates in 1940, J. Olthof (1♀ 13♂ RMNH) ; G. Megamendoeng, 700 m, IV–VI.1936, M.A. Lieftinck (1♀ 1♂ RMNH) ; additional localities on Java, mostly handwritten (13♀ 12♂) . THAILAND: Krabi: 12.4 km NNW Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.876&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.876/lat 8.193)">Oil</a> palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m, 29.III.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m: 31.III.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 2.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ 1♂ CSCA); Phuket: Patong Beach, 5–9.III.1986, T. and M. Simon Thomas (2♀ RMNH) ; Phuket <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.7833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.316666/lat 7.7833333)">Island</a>, 50 m, 7 o 47'N 98 o 19'E, 1.VIII.1986, R. Hensen (2♀ RMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Hainan, Taiwan, Sichuan), Indonesia * (Java), Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Phuket, Sakhon Nakhon), Vietnam (Dak Lak).</p><p>Remarks. This is one of the most widespread mutillids in the Oriental region, newly recognized from Java and southern Thailand. It can be readily separated from the other eastern Oriental Eotrogaspidia species by the apically smooth pygidium (pygidium microreticulate throughout in E. amans and E. oryzae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEA9860FF392DF24D26C063	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFEA985FFF3929A14BF9C289.text	03DCF504FFEA985FFF3929A14BF9C289.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eotrogaspidia oryzae (Pagden 1934) Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>22b. Eotrogaspidia oryzae (Pagden, 1934), status revised</p><p>(Figs 115–118)</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) oryzae Pagden 1934a: 426, ♂, ♀, holotype ♂.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) oryzae: Mickel 1935: 236, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) amans oryzae: Pagden 1949: 229, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Eotrogaspidia amans oryzae: Lelej 2005: 78 .</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Eotrogaspidia amans (André, 1909) and E. oryzae (Pagden, 1934) are recognized in the eastern Oriental Region by the sub-convex microreticulate pygidium (Fig. 117). Other useful features include the entirely black legs (except the orange coxae, Fig. 116), the procoxa with a smooth rounded tubercle (Fig. 118), the large size and sparse setae of the spots on the T2 disc, and the entire pale setal bands of T3 and T4 (Fig. 115). Eotrogaspidia oryzae differs from E. amans by having the T2 spots obscurely defined and the lateral pygidial carinae sub-parallel apically (further explained below). Body length 5–7 mm. MALE. See Pagden (1934a) and Mickel (1935).</p><p>Material examined (5 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, 18.70 o N 98.78 o E, Mae Wand Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.78/lat 18.7)">Ban Sop Huai Yao</a>, 440 m, 16.VII.1996, agric. area (1 ♀ EMUS) ; Khon Kaen, Nampong, 11.X.1972, M. Sato (1♀ EUM) ; Prachaub Khiri Khan, Khao Sam Roi Yot NP: 102 o 9.02'N 99 o 58.30'E, Malaise trap, 15–22.II.2009, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.971664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=102.15033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.971664/lat 102.15033)">Yai Amnad</a>, T4193 (1 ♀ QSBG) ; 102 o 8.75'N 99 o 57.94'E, Malaise trap, 17–24.V.2009, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.96567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=102.145836" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.96567/lat 102.145836)">Yai Amnad</a>, T4831 (1 ♀ QSBG) . VIETNAM, Hanoi, park, 8.X.1990, leg. S. Belokobylskij (1 ♀ IBSS) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Perak), Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Prachaub Khiri Khan), Vietnam * (Hanoi).</p><p>Remarks. Pagden (1949) treated E. oryzae as a subspecies of E. amans because he examined the male genitalia and could not find any differences, but he did not mention female traits. Mickel (1935) had separated these females based on the “distinctness” of the spots on the T2 disc, with the spots being described as distinct in E. amans (André, 1909) and obsolete in E. oryzae . In actuality, this trait reflects a difference in the density and orientation of pale setae anterior and lateral to the setal spots. In E. amans from Java and surrounding islands in Indonesia, such pale setae are sparse, and all are erect, making the smooth cuticle easily observed in dorsal view. In E. oryzae from mainland Southeast Asia, these setae are moderately spaced, and most are sub-appressed, obscuring one’s view of the shining cuticle beneath. Further, although the pygidium of these species is similarly weakly defined and microreticulate, the pygidium of E. amans from Java has coarser microreticulationsand the lateral carinae convergent posteriorly, giving a sub-ovate appearance, while that of E. oryzae from mainland southeast Asia has finer microreticulationsthat are sometimes partially obliterated and the lateral pygidial carinae basically parallel-sided, giving the pygidium a sup-pentagonal shape (Fig. 117). Subspecies are generally unnecessary in modern taxonomy; although these structural differences are difficult to define, and few specimens were available, we hypothesize that they do serve to differentiate the mainland E. oryzae from the Indonesian E. amans and therefore revise E. oryzae to the species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEA985FFF3929A14BF9C289	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD5985FFF392BBA498AC0E4.text	03DCF504FFD5985FFF392BBA498AC0E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus 23. Krombeinidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This genus can be separated from other Oriental mutillids by the following combination of characters: propodeum narrower than or as broad as pronotum; scutellar scale distinct; T2 disc with two laterally disposed white to golden setal spots; T2 apex with narrow band of appressed white to golden setae; pygidium defined by lateral carinae and usually entirely smooth. The pygidium of Krombeinidia is usually narrower and more convex than Petersenidia . MALE. See Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. This genus includes 24 species and is widespread in the Oriental region (Lelej 2005).</p><p>Remarks. This is the most diverse genus of the former tribe Petersenidiini (Trogaspidiini with males having symmetrical penis valves) in Southeast Asia with Krombeinidia meeungensis (Cockerell, 1928) being the only described species known from Thailand. The females are difficult to separate from Petersenidia, although the males can be reliably separated with genitalic features. Because the species described below are known from females only, molecular data or sex associations may eventually provide evidence to transfer them into different genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD5985FFF392BBA498AC0E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD5985EFF3928594C17C08C.text	03DCF504FFD5985EFF3928594C17C08C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia meeungensis (Cockerell 1928) Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>23a. Krombeinidia meeungensis (Cockerell, 1928), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 125–127)</p><p>Mutilla meeungensis Cockerell 1928: 599, ♀.</p><p>Petersenidia meeungensis: Lelej 2005: 71, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic: pronotum broader than propodeum, mesosoma uniformly orange, legs partly orange, metasoma entirely black, T2 sculpture coarse, T2 disc spots moderately large and separated by less than spot diameter; pale golden T2 and T3 bands interrupted or subinterrupted by black or brown setae, and pygidium smooth. Body length 5.4–6.2 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Extended diagnosis. FEMALE. Body length 5.4 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, and scape partly red-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi blackish. Metasoma black, except T1, S1, and T6 dark red-brown, T2 and T3 apex obscure yellow-brown beneath white setal bands. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with erect mostly blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 1.2 × distance between spots; T2 apical band interrupted medially with black setae and T3 band sub-interrupted with sparse brown setae. Head. Width behind eye 1.1 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures coarse confluent. Mandible apex narrow apparently unidentate. Clypeus apically bidentate; basomedial portion with sharp narrow tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with fine punctures and transverse ridges. Genal carina distinct, forming small tooth at hypostomal carina and merging posteriorly with occipital carina. F1 2.1 × pedicel length, F2 1.6 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; lateral tooth separating dorsal and lateral pronotal faces, weak carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure interrupted carina. Humeral carina simple, sharp dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 45:49:39:42:43. Scutellar scale sub-truncate posteriorly, ~3 punctures wide, surrounded by scattered tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with some interspaces reduced, forming apparent striae and tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of weak teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 60:25:18:13:10:10. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with coarse separated ovate pits, interspaces densely micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse arcuate depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella, highest posteriorly. S2 with dense coarse punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line 0.2 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest subapically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior third; smooth throughout. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined (6 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt., 21.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Kanchanaburi: Khuean Srinagarindra National Park, 14 o 29.97'N 98 o 53.05'E, Malaise trap, 9–16.IV.2009, Boonam and Phumarin, T4793 (1♀ QSBG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.88416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.4995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.88416/lat 14.4995)">Thong Pha Phum</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.88416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.4995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.88416/lat 14.4995)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; Nakon Ratchasima, Sakaerat lowland, forest, 9–10.VII.1999, Sk. Yamane (2♀ SKYC); Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m, 10.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Chiang Mai, Nan, Kanchanaburi, Nakon Ratchasima, Phatthalung).</p><p>Remarks. In sculpture and overall body shape this species is similar to K. baanmaka . This species, described by Cockerell (1928), has not been included in any keys. In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 8 of the Smicromyrme key, because the apical T2 band is interrupted and the S1 carina is medially notched once. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it keys to Petersenidia psecas (Mickel, 1935), which is known only from Borneo and lacks the apical setal band of T2. The identification of K. meeungensis was possible after examination of three females from South China (Yunnan); two of them were identified by late B. Petersen who studied the type of Cockerell.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD5985EFF3928594C17C08C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD4985DFF3929B14D54C33F.text	03DCF504FFD4985DFF3929B14D54C33F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia agricola Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>23b. Krombeinidia agricola Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 128–130)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Having the first and third metasomal segments bright orange and having the pygidium shagreened are apparently unique among Krombeinidia species. Other diagnostic features include: pronotum as broad as propodeum, legs black, T2 sculpture weak, T2 disc spots moderate and separated by slightly more than spot diameter, pale golden T2 band narrow and interrupted, and pale golden T3 band entire. Body length 5.6 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 5.6 mm. Coloration. Head black, except mandible with orange patch. Mesosoma, meso-, and metacoxae orange, remainder of legs black. Metasoma black, except T1, S1, T3, and S3 orange. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with erect blackish setae; T1 apex, T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 0.9 × distance between spots; T2 apical band interrupted medially with black setae and T3 band entire. Head. Width behind eye 1.1 × mesosoma width. Frons and vertex punctures coarse confluent; gena punctures coarse, separated, with interspaces dense micropunctate. Mandible apex bidentate, inner tooth large. Clypeus apically with medially-interrupted laterally-downcurved transverse lamella; basomedial portion with broad flat tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with punctures and few transverse ridges. Genal carina distinct and connected posteriorly with occipital carina, obliterated anteriorly. F1 2.4 × pedicel length, F2 1.3 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; weak interrupted carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure carina. Humeral carina simple. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 50:54:44:50:49. Scutellar scale rounded posteriorly, ~2 punctures wide, surrounded by few interconnected tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with some interspaces reduced, forming apparent striae and short tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 50:20:13:10:8:9. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with separated moderate shallow punctures, interspaces densely micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse arcuate depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with blunt anterior tubercle separated from posterior short longitudinal lamella. S2 with separated shallow punctures, interspaces micropunctate and microsetose. T2 felt line 0.4 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest sub-apically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior half; shagreened to microreticulate throughout. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Kanchanaburi).</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin agricola, “ farmer”, in reference to the type locality, the Vimarndin organic farm.</p><p>Remarks. In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 12 of the Smicromyrme key, because it has a posterior setal band on T2 but has the S1 carina interrupted. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it terminates at couplet 13 of the Timulla (Trogaspidia) key in having the T2 apical band interrupted and the T3 cuticle orange. In having T3 with orange cuticle and the pygidium shagreened, this species differs from other known Krombeinidia . Molecular studies or discovery of the male might change the genus placement of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD4985DFF3929B14D54C33F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD7985CFF392AE44C6BC5A2.text	03DCF504FFD7985CFF392AE44C6BC5A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia chang Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>23c. Krombeinidia chang Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 131–133)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic: mesosoma uniform orange-brown, pronotum as broad as propodeum, legs black, metasoma entirely black, T2 sculpture weak, T2 disc spots large and separated by less than spot diameter, pale golden T2 band broad and bilobed, pale golden T3 band entire, and pygidium smooth. Body length 5.4–5.8 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 5.1 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, clypeus, and mandible partly red-brown. Mesosoma and coxae orange, posterior propodeal face and remainder of legs blackened. Metasoma black, except T1 basally dark red and S1 orange. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with interspersed erect silvery and blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T1 apex, T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 1.2 × distance between spots; T2 apical band broadly bilobed and T3 band entire. Head. Width behind eye 1.1 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures dense to confluent. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus apically bidentate, lateral tooth a broad triangular lamella; basomedial portion with robust tubercle. Antennal scrobe with nearly straight dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with sparse punctures and setae. Genal carina weak, obscured by punctures and setae. F1 2.1 × pedicel length, F2 1.5 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; weak interrupted carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure interrupted carina. Humeral carina simple. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 64:69:63:68:69. Scutellar scale rounded posteriorly, ~3 punctures wide, surrounded by few interconnected tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with some interspaces reduced, forming short tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 48:19:14:9:8:8. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with separated moderate shallow punctures, interspaces densely micropunctate and setose; evenly convex. S2 with separated punctures, denser laterally, interspaces smooth to shagreened. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella with raised apparent tooth medially. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest sub-apically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior third; smooth throughout. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 16.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) . Paratype (1 female), same locality, 23.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Phetchaburi).</p><p>Etymology. From the Thai “ ชาง ้, chang ”, elephant, Thailand’s national animal. Treat as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. In sculpture and body shape, this species is more similar to K. agricola than the other Krombeinidia females. In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 8 of the Smicromyrme key, because the apical T2 band is broad and the S1 carina is bi-interrupted and medially raised. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it terminates at couplet 6 of the Timulla (Trogaspidia) key in having the pygidium smooth and the legs entirely black.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD7985CFF392AE44C6BC5A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD6985BFF392B634A39C412.text	03DCF504FFD6985BFF392B634A39C412.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia baanmaka Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>23d. Krombeinidia baanmaka Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 21, 134–136)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic: pronotum broader than propodeum, propodeum with posterior black patch, legs largely orange, metasoma entirely black, T2 sculpture coarse, T2 disc spots moderate and separated by approximate spot diameter, pale golden T2 and T3 bands interrupted by black setae, and pygidium smooth. Body length 4.8–5.3 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 5.3 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, scape, and mandible orange-brown. Mesosoma and legs orange, except femoral apices blackened. Metasoma black, except T1 basally and S1 orange-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with interspersed erect silvery and blackish setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter subequal to distance between spots; T2 apical band and T3 band interrupted with black setae. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures narrow coarse confluent. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus apically bidentate, lateral tooth a broad triangular lamella; basomedial portion with robust tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle mostly smooth. Genal carina obscure, forming small tooth at hypostomal carina and extending posteriorly to occipital carina. F1 2.2 × pedicel length, F2 1.4 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.1 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; interrupted carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure interrputed carina. Humeral carina strongest dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 68:73:65:69:70. Scutellar scale rounded posteriorly, ~1.5 punctures wide, surrounded by scattered tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated forming tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 55:24:15:13:6:6. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with dense punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with coarse separated ovate pits, interspaces densely micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse arcuate depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella, shallow emarginate medially. S2 with coarse punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest sub-apically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior third; smooth throughout. S6 posterior margin truncate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 22–23.V.2018, MKT (CSCA). Paratype (1 female), same data as Holotype (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Phetchaburi).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the type locality, Baan Maka Nature Lodge. Many thanks to Ian Dugdale and Pujapa Phretsi for their hospitality and for maintaining this great natural habitat. Treat as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. In sculpture and overall body shape this species is similar to K. meeungensis . In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 8 of the Smicromyrme key, because the apical T2 band is interrupted and the S1 carina is medially notched once. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it keys to Petersenidia psecas (Mickel, 1935), which is known only from Borneo and lacks the apical setal band of T2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD6985BFF392B634A39C412	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD1985BFF392D134844C5A4.text	03DCF504FFD1985BFF392D134844C5A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nonveilleridia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus 24. Nonveilleridia Lelej, 1996 (female unknown)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Unknown. MALE. See Lelej (1996).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. The only species, N. bataviana (André, 1909) is known from China (Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong), Indonesia (Java), Vietnam (Hanoi), and Thailand (Chiang Mai, Chumpae, Kanchanaburi, Loei, and Mae Hong Son)</p><p>Remarks. In Thailand, this is the only genus to be known from males only. Based on its suspected phylogenetic affinities, perhaps it will eventually be associated with a female currently placed in Krombeinidia or Trogaspidia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD1985BFF392D134844C5A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD1985BFF392C9E4A28C35B.text	03DCF504FFD1985BFF392C9E4A28C35B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientidia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus 25. Orientidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters separates Orientidia from other Oriental mutillid genera: the scutellar scale is present; the T2 disc has two laterally situated setal spots; and T6 lacks a defined pygidium. Other diagnostic features are listed by Lelej (1996c). MALE. See Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Seven eastern Oriental species are recognized (Lelej 2005).</p><p>Remarks. Nearly 60 ♀ of Orientidia were collected during the 2017 and 2018 expeditions. This genus was most commonly encountered at forest edges or vegetated plantations. More than any other females, Orientidia were found crawling on vegetation above ground, which makes sense given their undefined pygidium (a trait associated with attacking above-ground cavity nesting hosts).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD1985BFF392C9E4A28C35B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD1985AFF392AC94825C281.text	03DCF504FFD1985AFF392AC94825C281.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientidia manleyi Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>25a. Orientidia manleyi Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 22, 137–138)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic: pronotum broader than propodeum; mesosoma uniform orange; scutellar scale rounded posteriorly, ~2 punctures wide; legs partly orange; metasoma entirely black; T2 sculpture coarse; T2 disc spots moderate and separated by approximate spot diameter; T2 and T3 bands interrupted medially by black setae; and T6 without pygidium. Body length 3.5–6.5 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 4.4 mm. Coloration. Head black, except frons ventrally, antennal tubercle, mandible, clypeus, scape, and pedicel orange-brown. Mesosoma and legs orange-brown, femoral and tibial apices darkened. Metasoma black, except S1 orange, and T1 and S2 partly red-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with sub-erect mostly red-brown setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 1.1 × distance between spots; T2 apical band and T3 band narrowly interrupted medially with black setae. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures confluent. Mandible apex narrow bidentate. Clypeus apically bidentate, teeth connected by weak transverse lamella; basomedial portion with weak flat tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina nearly continuous to mandible base. Antennal tubercle with weak punctures and sparse setae. Genal carina obscure, forming small tooth at hypostomal carina and extending posteriorly to occipital carina. F1 2.0 × pedicel length, F2 1.4 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length subequal to width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; wavy carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure interrupted carina. Humeral carina weak, complete. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 48:55:44:48:51. Scutellar scale sub-truncate posteriorly, ~2 punctures wide, surrounded by scattered tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated leaving tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 42:18:13:9:8:8. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with dense punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with separated ovate pits, interspaces densely micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse arcuate depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella, shallow emarginate medially. S2 with sparse punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 convex without any trace of pygidium. S6 posterior margin rounded.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 8.IV.2017, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (27 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.44" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.6/lat 18.44)">Doi Inthanon National Park</a>, 18.44 o N 98.60 o E, 600 m, 11.VII.1996, R.R. Snelling and S. Sonthichai (1♀ EMUS) ; Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 7–8.IV.2017, MKT (21♀ CSCA EMUS MIUP PSUC QSBG) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 25–26.V.2018, MKT (3♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Chiang Mai, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani).</p><p>Etymology. We are proud to name this species after Donald G. Manley for his many contributions to velvet ant taxonomy and systematics.</p><p>Remarks. In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 3 of the Smicromyrme key, because the clypeus is entire and the T2 disc spots are well-defined and subcircular. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it keys to Petersenidia psecas (Mickel, 1935), which is known only from Borneo, has a defined pygidium, and lacks an apical T2 band.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD1985AFF392AC94825C281	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD09859FF392B834D93C20F.text	03DCF504FFD09859FF392B834D93C20F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientidia thoawanae Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>25b. Orientidia thoawanae Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 139–140)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This is apparently the only Orientidia species with the scutellar scale narrow and spine-like. The following characters may also be useful for identification: pronotum broader than propodeum, mesosoma uniform orange, legs largely orange, metasoma entirely black, T2 sculpture coarse, T2 disc spots small and separated by more than spot diameter, T2 and T3 bands entire, and T6 without pygidium. Body length 4–8 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 4.4 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, scape, and pedicel largely orange-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi brown. Metasoma black, except T1 and T6 dark red-brown, and S1 orange-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with sub-erect mostly red-brown setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 0.8 × distance between spots; T2 apical band and T3 band entire. Head. Width behind eye 1.1 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures confluent. Mandible apex narrow bidentate. Clypeus apically weak bidentate, teeth connected by weak transverse lamella; basomedial portion with robust tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina nearly continuous to mandible base. Antennal tubercle with weak punctures and sparse setae. Genal carina forming small tooth at hypostomal carina and extending posteriorly to occipital carina. F1 1.8 × pedicel length, F2 1.2 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length subequal to width. Dorsum of mesosoma with confluent punctures; wavy carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure carina. Humeral carina distinct, moderately expanded dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 68:78:68:71:75. Scutellar scale sharp triangular, narrower than one puncture. Posterior propodeal face reticulate. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 46:19:13:8:6:6. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with separated ovate pits, interspaces densely micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse arcuate depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella, sub-interrupted with notch medially. S2 with sparse punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 convex without any trace of pygidium. S6 posterior margin rounded.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 12.IV.2017, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (33 ♀), MALAYSIA, Kedah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.7/lat 6.366667)">Pantai Kok Pulau Langkawi</a>, 6 o 22'N 99 o 42'E, 19–21.VI.1996, S.L. Heydon and S. Fung (1♀ UCDC) . THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, near Chiang Mai, 500–700 m, 1.IV.2006, Sk. Yamane (1♀ SKYC); 19.VIII. 1998, Sk. Yamane (1♀ SKYC); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 7.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m, 6.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Songkhla, Hat Yai, Prince of Songkhla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.508&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.508/lat 7.008)">University</a>, forest edge, 7.008 o N 100.508 o E, 40 m, 11–12.IV.2017, MKT (25♀ CSCA EMUS MIUP PSUC QSBG) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m, 25–26.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Kedah), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Surat Thani).</p><p>Etymology. KAW is happy to name this species for the co-author and type collector, Kodeeyah Thoawan.</p><p>Remarks. This species is unique in having a narrow spine-like scutellar scale. Its placement in Orientidia is somewhat tenuous and further study may necessitate transferring it to Promecidia or another genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD09859FF392B834D93C20F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD39859FF392B344A4FC3D9.text	03DCF504FFD39859FF392B344A4FC3D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pagdenidia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus 26. Pagdenidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. See the key above and the following papers: Lelej (1996c) and Pagden (1949: treated as the Trogaspidia erato species-group). MALE. See Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Seven Oriental species are recognized, including P. hymalajensis (Radoszkowski, 1885) and P. mickeli (Pagden, 1949), which are known from Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. This genus is rare, and although two species are known from Thailand, our expeditions did not recover any specimens. Pagdenidia mickeli is known from Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand, even though none were available for this study, we included it in the key to species from southern Thailand based on the description by Pagden (1949). The photographed specimen (Fig. 23) is from Chiang Mai Province and could be the unknown female of P. hymalajensis (Radoszkowski, 1885) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD39859FF392B344A4FC3D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD39859FF39294B4D34C1FC.text	03DCF504FFD39859FF39294B4D34C1FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersenidia Lelej in Lelej & Yamane 1992	<div><p>Genus 27. Petersenidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Yamane, 1992</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This genus can be separated from other Oriental mutillids by the following combination of characters: propodeum narrower than or as broad as pronotum; scutellar scale distinct; T2 disc with two laterally disposed white to golden setal spots; T2 apex without pale setal band, at most with sparse fringe; pygidium defined by lateral carinae and usually entirely smooth. The pygidium of Petersenidia is usually wider and defined by stronger lateral carinae than Krombeinidia . MALE. See Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. This is something of a dumping-ground genus for Trogaspidiini species with symmetrical penis valves. Lelej (2005) listed 21 species belonging to Petersenidia and 23 species doubtfully placed in the genus. Petersenidia is widespread in the Oriental region.</p><p>Remarks. Like Krombeinidia, this large genus is more reliably defined by male morphology than female. We have used the absence of a white setal band at the apex of T2 as the primary determinant for genus placement of the new species below. Eventual discovery of the males could disprove these hypotheses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD39859FF39294B4D34C1FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD29858FF392FFA4B0FC03B.text	03DCF504FFD29858FF392FFA4B0FC03B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersenidia modkhong Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>27a. Petersenidia modkhong Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 24, 141–142)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic: humeral angle sharply produced, pronotum broader than propodeum, mesosoma uniform orange, legs partly orange, metasoma entirely black, T2 sculpture coarse, T2 disc spots moderate and separated by approximate spot diameter, T2 with sparse pale golden apical fringe, T3 band entire, and pygidium smooth. Body length 6.4 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 6.4 mm. Coloration. Head black, except mandible base and scape orange, and clypeus, antennal tubercle, and base of flagellum largely orange-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi largely brown. Metasoma black, except T6 dark redbrown and S1 orange-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with sub-erect golden and red-brown setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter subequal to distance between spots, T2 with sparse apical fringe of pale golden setae, and T3 band entire. Head. Width behind eye subequal to mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures coarse confluent. Mandible apex narrow bidentate. Clypeus apically weak bidentate, teeth connected by weak transverse carina; basomedial portion with robust tubercle. Antennal scrobe with nearly flat dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with scattered micropunctures. Genal carina distinct, forming tooth at hypostomal carina and extending posteriorly to occipital carina. F1 3.0 × pedicel length, F2 1.9 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length subequal to width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; wavy carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure carina. Humeral carina distinct, anterolaterally expanded dorsally. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 48:49:40:43:42. Scutellar scale truncate posteriorly, ~2 punctures wide, surrounded by scattered tubercles. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated leaving apparent striae and tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 54:23:15:12:9:9. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with deep coarse dense ovate pits, interspaces micropunctate and setose; with transverse depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with simple longitudinal lamella. S2 with coarse dense punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest sub-apically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior half; smooth throughout. S6 posterior margin truncate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Trang, 18 km E Trang, Khao Chong N.P., 400 m, 7 o 34'N 99 o 49'E, 24.V.1988, R. Hensen (RMNH). Paratype (1 female), THAILAND, Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang National Park, 24.VII.1997, Sk. Yamane (1♀ SKYC) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Songkhla, Trang).</p><p>Etymology. From the Thai “มดขนปก, modkhongpok ” or “มดขน, modkhong” for short, the local common name for Mutillidae .</p><p>Remarks. In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 7 of the Smicromyrme key, because the pygidium is smooth and the S1 carina is entire. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it keys to Petersenidia psecas (Mickel, 1935), which is known only from Borneo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD29858FF392FFA4B0FC03B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD29857FF3929E94D64C303.text	03DCF504FFD29857FF3929E94D64C303.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersenidia leleji Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>27b. Petersenidia leleji Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 143–144)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters is diagnostic: humeral angle weakly produced, pronotum broader than propodeum, mesosoma uniform orange, legs partly orange, metasoma entirely black, T2 sculpture weak, T2 disc spots small and separated by ~3 × spot diameter, T2 with sparse white apical fringe, T3 band entire, and pygidium smooth. Body length 5.4 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 5.4 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, scape, and clypeus largely red-brown, and venter of flagellum largely orange-brown. Mesosoma, coxae, and femoral bases orange-brown, femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi blackish. Metasoma black, except T1, S1, and T6 largely red-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons, vertex, and mesosomal dorsum with suberect blackish and red-brown setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and T2 disc lateral spots, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense whitish-silver setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 0.3 × distance between spots, T2 with sparse apical fringe of pale silvery setae, and T3 band entire. Head. Width behind eye 0.9 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures dense to confluent. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus apically bidentate, teeth connected by transverse carina; basomedial portion with robust tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with scattered micropunctures. Genal carina weak, forming small tooth at hypostomal carina and extending posteriorly to occipital carina. F1 2.0 × pedicel length, F2 1.5 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length subequal to width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; obscure interrupted carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella an obscure carina. Humeral carina weak, complete. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 70:78:70:72:73. Scutellar scale rounded posteriorly, ~2 punctures wide. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated leaving apparent striae. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by wavy carina with few short teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 58:24:13:10:9:10. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with sparse punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with moderate separated pits, interspaces micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with simple longitudinal lamella. S2 with sparse punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest medially with lateral carina obliterated in posterior half; smooth throughout. S6 posterior margin truncate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m, 6.IV.2017, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (22 ♀), THAILAND, Chiang Mai, Doi Ang Khang, 1300 m, 21.VIII.1998 (1♀ SKYC) . VIETNAM: Vinh Phu, Tam Dao, forest, 10–15.XI.1990, S. Belokobylskij (5♀ ZISP, IBSS) ; Ha Son Binh: Da Bac, Tuly, fores, 22–23.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij (2♀ ZISP) ; Mai Chou, forest, 3. XI.1 990, S. Belokobylskij (12♀ ZISP) ; Hoa Binh, Mai Chau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.916664/lat 20.733334)">Pa Co Xa Linh</a>, 20°44'N 104°55'E, 1120 m, 22–24.IV.2002, S. Belokobylskij (1♀ ZISP) ; Quang Ninh, Baitu Long Islands, Dong Ho Il., 20.III.1987, V. Kuznetsov (1♀ IBSS) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand (Chiang Mai, Phatthalung), Vietnam (Ha Son Binh, Hoa Binh, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phu).</p><p>Etymology. KAW is happy to name this species for his co-author and friend, Arkady Lelej, for his contributions to this and many other mutillid research projects.</p><p>Remarks. In Chen’s (1957) key, this species terminates at couplet 7 of the Smicromyrme key, because the pygidium is smooth and the S1 carina is entire. In Mickel’s (1935) key, it terminates at couplet 9 because the antenna is largely orange-brown and the genal punctures are moderately large.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD29857FF3929E94D64C303	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDD9857FF392A0148FCC096.text	03DCF504FFDD9857FF392A0148FCC096.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecidia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus 28. Promecidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. The following combination of characters separates Promecidia from other Oriental mutillid genera: the scutellar scale is absent; the T2 disc has two laterally situated setal spots; and T6 lacks a defined pygidium. Other diagnostic features are listed by Lelej et al. (2016). MALE. See Lelej et al. (2016).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Eleven species are recognized in the eastern Oriental region (Lelej et al. 2016).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently revised by Lelej et al. (2016). It is the only Oriental genus of Trogaspidiini to completely lack a scutellar scale but can be difficult to separate from Orientidia species with a small scale, like O. thoawanae, sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDD9857FF392A0148FCC096	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDD9856FF39298F4C2EC4D4.text	03DCF504FFDD9856FF39298F4C2EC4D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecidia ninnii (Magretti 1892)	<div><p>28a. Promecidia ninnii (Magretti, 1892)</p><p>(Figs 25, 145–146)</p><p>Mutilla ninnii Magretti, 1892: 211, ♀</p><p>Promecidia ninnii: Lelej 2005: 81, ♀; Lelej et al. 2016: 116, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: the posterolateral propodeal margin is multi-dentate; the legs are almost entirely orange-brown; the metasoma is black; T2 has a distinct apical band of whitish setae; the white setal band of T3 is not interrupted with black setae; and T4–5 have the setae mostly black. Body length 5.5–7 mm. MALE. To be described in an upcoming paper, likely P. birmanica (Dalla Torre, 1897) .</p><p>Material examined (8 ♀). CAMBODIA, Siem Reap, Preah Kahn Temple, Malaise trap, 8–16.VI.2005, I. Var (1♀ RBINS) . THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50′49.9″N 98°22′33.0″, 950–1010 m alt., 6.XI.2016, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Road 1013, km 34, 1.VI.1999, C.W. and L.B. O’Brien (1♀ CASC); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, Vimarndin farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Krabi: 19.5 km NW Krabi, 8.201 o N 98.751 o E, 10 m, 1.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 17.847195)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 7.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Baan Maka Nature Lodge, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 22–23.V.2018, MKT (1♀ 1♂ in copula CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia * (Siem Reap), Myanmar, Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phetchaburi), Vietnam (Dong Nai).</p><p>Remarks. Based on overlapping distribution, Lelej et al. (2016) suggested that P. birmanica (Dalla Torre, 1897) might be the male of this species. A mating pair of P. ninnii was collected in Phetchaburi. The male keys out to P. birmanica, but careful examination with type material will be needed before proposing this synonymy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDD9856FF39298F4C2EC4D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDC9856FF392C494CEBC5FA.text	03DCF504FFDC9856FF392C494CEBC5FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiwanomyrme Tsuneki 1993	<div><p>Genus 29. Taiwanomyrme Tsuneki, 1993</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. See the key above and Tu et al. (2015). MALE. See Tu et al. (2015).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. This genus includes five Chinese species (Tu et al. 2015).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently revised by Tu et al. (2015). It has not yet been discovered in Thailand, but its occurrence in southern China suggests that some of the species may eventually be found in northern Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDC9856FF392C494CEBC5FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDC9855FF39285E4DEBC03B.text	03DCF504FFDC9855FF39285E4DEBC03B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia pittsi Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>30a. Trogaspidia pittsi Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 147–151)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This is the only Trogaspidia species with the felt line produced to form an ovate seta-filled pit (Fig. 150). The following characters can aid in diagnosis: the legs are entirely black, the scutellar scale is obscurely rounded posteriorly and ~3 punctures wide, the T1 fringe is predominantly black, the T2 apex and T3 each have a medially-interrupted band of golden setae, T4 lacks a pale setal band, and the pygidium is sub-ovate with longitudinal wavy rugae basally and microreticulateapically. Body length 8–12 mm. MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 7.7 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, and scape partly dark red-brown. Mesosoma orange-brown, legs black. Metasoma black. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with sub-erect golden, red-brown, and dark brown setae; T2 disc, T4, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T2 apical band, T3 entirely, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter subequal to distance between spots; T2 apical band and T3 band interrupted medially with black setae. Head. Width behind eye 0.9 × mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures coarse confluent. Mandible apex apparently unidentate. Clypeus apically with two separated teeth; basomedial portion with obscure sharp tubercle. Antennal scrobe with distinct arcuate dorsal carina and straight lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with transverse ridges. Genal carina distinct anteriorly, obliterated posteriorly. F1 2.5 × pedicel length, F2 1.6 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.05 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with moderate confluent punctures; wavy carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella a dorsally sharper carina. Humeral carina low complete, sub-angular at dorsal angle. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 68:74:68:73:77. Scutellar scale sub-angular posteriorly, as wide as one puncture. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated leaving apparent striae and scattered tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by interrupted cariniform row of short teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 65:27:18:13:11:13. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with deep coarse pits, interspaces micropunctate and setose; with transverse depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella, notched sub-anteriorly, highest posteriorly. S2 with sparse punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line forming a deep ovate pit, 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with long sub-ovate pygidium, widest sub-apically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior quarter; with distinct longitudinal rugae and apex with small punctures. S6 posterior margin bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m, 16.V.2018, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (4 ♀), LAOS, Bolikhamsay Province, Ban Phone <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.333336/lat 18.316668)">Kham</a> environs, 200–300 m, 18 o 19'N 104 o 0 8'E, 2317 o 20'N 101 o 20'E, 23–29.V.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (2♀ RHMB) . MYANMAR, S. Shan, Taunggyi, 1.VIII–22.IX.1934, Malaise trap (1♀ RMNH) ; THAILAND, Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai, 300 m, 18 o 47'N 98 o 59'E, 4.VII.1986, R. Hensen (1♀ RMNH); near Mae Saa, km 11 on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.87417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.899445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.87417/lat 18.899445)">Highway</a> 1096, 600 m, 18 o 53'58"N 98 o 52'27"E, 24–25.V.2000, D. Yanega (1♀ UCRC) .</p><p>Distribution. Laos (Bolikhamsay), Myanmar (Shan), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Phetchaburi).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of mutillid researcher and mentor to KAW, James P. Pitts, and loosely references the pit-like felt line of this species.</p><p>Remarks. The felt line of this species (Fig. 150) resembles that of many Oriental Odontomutilla species. The mesosomal shape and defined pygidium, however, clearly place this species in the Trogaspdiini. We chose to place it in Trogaspidia because that genus currently holds the greatest diversity and variability in the tribe, but the peculiarities of its felt line and pygidium (Fig. 151) suggest that this placement is tenuous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDC9855FF39285E4DEBC03B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDF9854FF3929E94AA3C0F6.text	03DCF504FFDF9854FF3929E94AA3C0F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>30b. Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 26, 161–164)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following characters: the femora are orange basally, the scutellar scale is posteriorly rounded and ~3–5 punctures wide, the T1 fringe is predominantly pale golden, the felt line on T2 is simple, the T2 apex lacks a pale setal band, T3 and T4 each have a medially interrupted band of pale golden setae, and the pygidium is broad with striae basally and smooth in the apical quarter. Body length 5–9 mm. MALE. To be described in an upcoming paper.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 9.0 mm. Coloration. Head black, except antennal tubercle, mandible, and scape partly dark red-brown. Mesosoma orange-brown, legs black, except femora mostly orange-brown. Metasoma black, except T1 basally and S1 dark red-brown. Body setae generally sparse and silvery, except frons and mesosomal dorsum with sub-erect golden and blackish setae; T1 apex, T2 disc, and T5 setae dense black; and vertex, T2 disc lateral spots, T3 entirely, T4 interrupted band, and T6 basal tuft with dense pale golden setae; T2 lateral spot diameter 1.3 × distance between spots; T3 band entire, and T4 band broadly interrupted medially with black setae. Head. Width behind eye subequal mesosoma width. Frons, vertex, and gena punctures coarse confluent. Mandible apex narrow bidentate. Clypeus with transverse emarginate carina, lateral angles sharp; basomedial portion with robust tubercle. Antennal scrobe with arcuate dorsal carina and obscure lateral carina. Antennal tubercle with rugae. Genal carina distinct posteriorly, apparently obliterated anteriorly; hypostomal carina with tooth. F1 3.0 × pedicel length, F2 1.8 × pedicel length. Mesosoma. Length 1.2 × width. Dorsum of mesosoma with coarse confluent punctures; wavy carina separating dorsal and lateral faces of mesonotum. Side of mesosoma with dense micropunctures and short setae. Mesopleural lamella a wavy carina. Humeral carina distinct, strongest at dorsal angle. Ratio of width of humeral angle, anterior spiracle, narrowest point of mesonotum, propodeal spiracle, and midpoint of propodeum 60:65:58:61:68. Scutellar scale rounded posteriorly, ~2 punctures wide. Posterior propodeal face reticulate with many interspaces obliterated leaving apparent striae and scattered tubercles. Lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by row of short teeth. Metatibio-tarsal ratio 65:29:16:13:12:12. Metasoma. T1 anterior face with separated punctures, posterior with confluent punctures. T2 disc with obscure sub-confluent pits, interspaces micropunctate and setose; with obscure transverse arcuate depression in apical half. T3–5 and S3–5 with small dense punctures. S1 with longitudinal lamella, notched subanteriorly, highest posteriorly. S2 with separated punctures, interspaces smooth. T2 felt line forming a deep ovate pit, 0.3 × T2 total length. T6 with sub-ovate pygidium, widest sub-apically with lateral carina obliterated in posterior third; striate with apex smooth. S6 posterior margin weak bidentate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, THAILAND, Krabi, 12.4 km NNW Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.876&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.876/lat 8.193)">Oil</a> palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m, 3.IV.2017, MKT (CSCA). Paratypes (43 ♀; males listed below are not paratypes), LAOS, Attapeu Province, Thong Kai Ohk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.0002775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.433334/lat 15.0002775)">Ban</a> Kachung environs, 1200–1450 m, 15 o 0 1'N 107 o 26'E, 10–24.VI.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (4♀ RHMB) ; MALAYSIA, Selangor: Klang Gates (up stream), 2.IV.1963, M.A. Lieftinck (1♀ 1♂, in copula, RMNH) ; Ulu Gombok, 200 m, 16–17.III.1963, M.A. Lieftinck (1♀ RMNH) ; THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep, 1–2.V.1989, W.J. Pulawski (1♀ CASC) ; Tambon Su Thep, Chiang Mai University, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.95983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.79336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.95983/lat 18.79336)">Faculty of Agriculture</a>, 18°47'36.1"N 98°57'35.4"E, 27.XII.2016, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM) ; Krabi: 12.4 km NNW Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.876&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.876/lat 8.193)">Oil</a> palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m: 29.III.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 1.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 3.IV.2017, MKT (3♀ 5♂ CSCA EMUS); Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 8.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ 1♂ CSCA) ; Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.883/lat 7.543)">Farm</a>, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m: 5.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 6.IV.2017, MKT (3♀ 1♂ CSCA); Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (4♀ CSCA) ; 25–26.V.2018, MKT (10♀ CSCA MIUP PSUC QSBG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (11♀ 2♂ CSCA EMUS) . Other material (3 ♀) . THAILAND, Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (3♀ CSCA) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Selangor), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Surat Thani).</p><p>Etymology. KAW is happy to name this species in honor of Joseph S. Wilson, fellow mutillid researcher and colleague since we started graduate school together in 2005.</p><p>Remarks. This is a common species that is somewhat easily confused with T. pagdeni . A mating pair from Malaysia was examined (RMNH, UCRC) and males and females were collected in the same localities on the 2017 and 2018 expeditions. The male will be described in an upcoming treatment of Thai males with various sex associations. The females from Kanchanaburi have the humeral carina reduced; they were not treated as paratypes because future studies could reveal that they belong to a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDF9854FF3929E94AA3C0F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDE9853FF39282F4A6AC53A.text	03DCF504FFDE9853FF39282F4A6AC53A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia fuscipennis (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>30c. Trogaspidia fuscipennis (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>(Figs 155–157)</p><p>Mutilla fuscipennis Fabricius 1804: 436, ♂; Dalla Torre 1897: 42, ♂.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) fuscipennis: Mickel 1933b: 306, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia fuscipennis fuscipennis: Chen 1957: 169, ♂, ♀; Lelej 2005: 94,</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following characters: the legs are entirely black, the scutellar scale is posteriorly rounded and ~3 punctures wide, the T1 fringe is predominantly pale golden, the felt line on T2 is simple, the T2 apex lacks a pale setal band, T3 and T4 each have a medially interrupted band of pale golden setae, and the pygidium is narrow with irregular rugae basally and indistinct microreticulations apically. Body length 8–13 mm. MALE. See Mickel (1933b).</p><p>Material examined (3 ♀). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Mae Fa Liang Univ. near office, 4.IX.2004, P. Chen (1♀ RMNH); Krabi, 14 km NNE Krabi, Phnom Bencha <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Srisaket, Vil., Bang Maluu Kantaralak, 10.VIII.1968 (1♀ UCRC) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Anhui, Hebei, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zheijiang), Thailand * (Chiang Mai, Krabi, Si Sa Ket), Vietnam * (Ho Chi Minh).</p><p>Remarks. In China, the pygidial sculpture of this species varies from rugose to striate, so Chen (1957) keyed them out on the basis of the transversely concave pronotal collar. This character is difficult to interpret and is often impossible to score when the specimen’s head is tilted back and covering the pronotal collar. Perhaps a better way to describe this character is that the anterior sculpted portion of the pronotal collar is raised higher than the smooth posterior portion. In other species, like T. pagdeni, the sculpted and smooth portions of the pronotal collar are disposed on the same plane. In Thailand, we have only seen specimens with a rugose pygidium, so we focused on the rugose pygidium and black legs to recognize it here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDE9853FF39282F4A6AC53A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD99852FF392CEB4C61C4BD.text	03DCF504FFD99852FF392CEB4C61C4BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia pagdeni (Mickel 1933)	<div><p>30d. Trogaspidia pagdeni (Mickel, 1933)</p><p>(Figs 158–160)</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) pagdeni pagdeni Mickel 1933a: 284, ♂, ♀, holotype ♂.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) pagdeni nodoa Mickel 1933a: 288, ♂, ♀, holotype ♀, syn. nov.</p><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni pagdeni: Chen 1957: 171, ♂, ♀; Lelej 2005: 98.</p><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni nodoa: Chen 1957: 171, ♂, ♀; Lelej 2005: 98.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following characters: the femora are orange basally, the scutellar scale is posteriorly rounded and ~3–5 punctures wide, the T1 fringe is predominantly pale golden, the felt line on T2 is simple, the T2 apex lacks a pale setal band, T3 and T4 each have a medially interrupted band of pale golden setae, and the pygidium is narrow with irregular striae basally and smooth in the apical half. Body length 5.5–10 mm. MALE. See Mickel (1933a).</p><p>Material examined. Type material. Paratype of Timulla (Trogaspidia) pagdeni nodoa, ♀, CHINA, Hainan Island, Lin Fa Ling ( Mt.), near Nodoa, 21.VII.1929, Lingnan University Fifith Hainan Island Expedition (SYSM). Other Material (25 ♀) . LAOS, Attapeu Province, Thong Kai Ohk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.0002775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.433334/lat 15.0002775)">Ban</a> Kachung environs, 1200–1450 m, 15 o 0 1'N 107 o 26'E, 10–24.VI.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (1♀ RHMB) ; Bolikhamsay Province, Ban Phone <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.00222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.00222/lat 18.316668)">Kham</a> environs, 200–300 m, 18 o 19'N 104 o 0 8'E, 23–29.V.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (1♀ RHMB) . THAILAND: Chaiyaphum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.3987&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.635533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.3987/lat 15.635533)">Pa Hin Ngam National Park</a>, ecotone between mix deciduous/dry dipterocarp, 15 o 38.132'N 101 o 23.922'E, 698 m, Malaise trap, 11–18.VIII.2006, K. Sa-nog and B. Adnafai (1♀ QSBG) ; Chiang Mai, Omkoi District, Dry dipterocarp forest, 17°50'49.9"N 98°22'33.0", 950–1010 m alt., 15.II.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM); Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, Vimarndin farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (4♀ 1♂ CSCA MIUP PSUC); Krabi: 12.4 km NNW Krabi, Oil palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m: 29.III.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 1.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ 1♂ CSCA); 3.IV.2017, MKT (3♀ 1♂ CSCA); 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 17.847195)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 30.III.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 19.5 km NW Krabi, 8.201 o N 98.751 o E, 10 m, 1.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ 1♂ CSCA); Loei, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 17.847195)">Phu Kradueng National Park</a>, 16 o 56.59'N 101 o 12.07'E, 273m, Malaise trap, 5–12.IV.2008, T. Phatai, T5113 (1♀ QSBG) ; Mae Hong Son, 21 km SW Mae Sariang, 250 m, 18 o 0 2'03"N 97 o 53'51"E, 2.VI.2000, D. Yanega (1♀ 1♂ in copula, UCRC); Phatthalung, 2.4 km S Ban Na, Farm, 7.543 o N 99.883 o E, 50 m: 6.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 10.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); Phetchabun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.847195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 17.847195)">Khao Kho National Park</a>, office, 16 o 39.55'N 101 o 8.12'E, 230 m, Malaise trap, 5–12.VII.2006, S. Chachumnan and S. Singtong, T165 (1♀ QSBG) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, Khao Sok Jungle Huts, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 25–26.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA); Trang, 0.5 km NE Palian, Orchard, 7.291 o N 99.858 o E, 6.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ 1♂ CSCA).</p><p>Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong), Laos * (Attapeu, Bolikhamsay), Malaysia (Selangor), Thailand * (Chaiyaphum, Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Krabi, Loei, Mae Hong Son, Phatthalung, Phetchabun, Surat Thani, Trang).</p><p>Remarks. This common species broadly overlaps with T. wilsoni in distribution in Thailand. The females can be separated by the pygidium and T1 fringe. The pygidial difference is significant, but difficult to quantify, while the T1 fringe color is easy to describe, but becomes less functional in old or damaged specimens. The males of these species are both known, but will be described in an upcoming paper. They differ in metasomal coloration and structure of the penis valves.</p><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni is currently subdivided into two subspecies (Mickel 1933a), T. pagdeni pagdeni was described from peninsular Malaysia and T. pagdeni nodoa (Mickel, 1933) from China. The only differences that Mickel noted were the shade of setal markings in females. The discovery of this species in Thailand bridges the distribution gap between these forms and provides justification to synonymize these subspecies here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD99852FF392CEB4C61C4BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD89852FF392C664D14C0EB.text	03DCF504FFD89852FF392C664D14C0EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia lingnani (Mickel 1933) Williams & Lelej & Okayasu & Borkent & Malee & Thoawan & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>30e. Trogaspidia lingnani (Mickel, 1933), stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs 152–154)</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) suspiciosa lingnani Mickel, 1933b: 310, ♂.</p><p>Trogaspidia suspiciosa lingmami: Chen 1957: 170, ♂.</p><p>Trogaspidia sibylla lingnani: Lelej 2005:102, ♂</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species can be recognized by the following characters: the legs are entirely black, the scutellar scale is transverse and ~3 punctures wide, the T1 fringe is predominantly black, the felt line on T2 is simple, the T2 apex has a medially-interrupted band of pale golden setae, T3 has an entire band of pale golden setae, T4 lacks a pale setal band, and the pygidium is broad and striate nearly to the apex. Body length 9.5–11.5 mm. MALE. See Mickel (1933b).</p><p>Material examined. Type material. Paratype of Timulla (Trogaspidia) suspiciosa lingnani, ♂, CHINA, Hainan, Beggar Village, SW of Nodoa, 16.VII.1929, Lingnan University Fifth Hainan Island Expedition (SYSM) . Other material (9 ♀ and 3 males). LAOS, Attapeu Province, Thong Kai Ohk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.0002775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.433334/lat 15.0002775)">Ban Kachung</a> environs, 1200–1450 m, 15 o 0 1'N 107 o 26'E, 10–24.VI.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (4♀ RHMB) ; Khammouan Province, Nakai-Nam Theun NPA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.21667/lat 17.95)">Ban Nav Vang</a> environs, 600–750 m, 17 o 57'N 105 o 13'E, 18–21.V.2012, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, K. Phanthavong, and S. Xayalath (1♀ RHMB) . THAILAND: Nakhon Si Thammarat, 4.4 km N Hin Tok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.849/lat 8.303)">Mountainside</a> rubber farm, 8.303 o N 99.849 o E, 8.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Satun, Tarutao Island, Ao Son, 15.III.1993, G.R. Balmer (1♀ UCRC) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m: 14.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA) ; 25–26.V.2018, MKT (1♂ CSCA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.534/lat 8.908)">Our Jungle House</a> resort, 8.908 o N 99.534 o E, 75 m, 25–27.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.53084&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.907778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.53084/lat 8.907778)">Khao Lak</a>, 50 m, 8 o 54'28"N 98 o 31'51"E, 20–21.II.2005, G.R. Balmer (1♀ 1♂ in copula, UCRC) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Hainan, Jiangsu, Zheijiang), Laos * (Attapeu, Khammouan), Thailand * (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Surat Thani).</p><p>Remarks. This species was until now treated as a subspecies of T. sibylla (Smith, 1857) from Borneo and Indonesia. Females can readily be separated from T. sibylla and T. pendleburyi (Pagden, 1934) from peninsular Malaysia because those species lack the interrupted band of golden setae at the T2 apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD89852FF392C664D14C0EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFD89851FF39284C4A1BC6F4.text	03DCF504FFD89851FF39284C4A1BC6F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacidia Lelej & Brothers 2008	<div><p>Genus 31. Wallacidia Lelej &amp; Brothers, 2008</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Females are separated from other trogaspidiine genera by having the pygidium irregularly rugose throughout. Other useful diagnostic features include the unarmed procoxa, presence of a scutellar scale, and the broadened propodeum. MALE. See Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. This genus includes 23 Oriental species.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was revised, as Timulla oculata, by O’Toole (1975). Each of the currently recognized species in the eastern Oriental region were formerly considered as subspecies of W. oculata . This genus was formerly treated under the name Radoszkowskius Ashmead, 1903 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFD89851FF39284C4A1BC6F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDB9851FF392E2E48AAC364.text	03DCF504FFDB9851FF392E2E48AAC364.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacidia oculata (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>31a. Wallacidia oculata (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>(Figs 27, 122–124)</p><p>Mutilla oculata Fabricius, 1804: 432, ♀.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) oculata: Mickel 1933b: 308, ♀; Yasumatsu 1948: 73, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia oculata oculata: Chen 1957: 164, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Timulla oculata oculata: O'Toole 1975: 232, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Radoszkowskius oculatus: Lelej 2005: 84, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Wallacidia oculata: Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 64, ♂, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. This species has the spots of T2 large and longitudinally ovate, T3 with an uninterrupted golden setal band; and T4 with lateral bands of golden setae. Body length 9–17 mm. MALE. See O’Toole (1975).</p><p>Material examined (15 ♀). CAMBODIA, Siem Reap: Angkor Thom, VIII.2006, D.R. Jump (1♀ RBINS) ; Phnom Bakheng, X.2006, D.R. Jump (1♀ RBINS) ; LAOS, Bolikhamsay Province, Ban Phone <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.00222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.00222/lat 18.316668)">Kham</a> environs, 200–300 m, 18 o 19'N 104 o 0 8'E, 23–29.V.2011, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala, and E. Vongphachan (4♀ RHMB) . THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Tambon Su Thep, Chiang Mai University, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.95983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.79336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.95983/lat 18.79336)">Faculty of Agriculture</a>, 18°47'36.1"N 98°57'35.4"E, 4.VI.2017, R. Mizuno (1♀ EUM) ; Kanchanaburi, Thong Pha Phum, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.521/lat 14.655)">Vimarndin</a> farm stay, 14.655 o N 98.521 o E, 200 m, 17–20.V.2018, MKT (2♀ 1♂ CSCA MIUP) ; Krabi: 12.4 km NNW Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.876&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.876/lat 8.193)">Oil</a> palm farm, 8.193 o N 98.876 o E, 50 m: 29.III.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; 1.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA); 14 km NNE Krabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.937&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.937/lat 8.208)">Phnom Bencha Mountain</a> Resort, 8.208 o N 98.937 o E, 80 m, 2.IV.2017, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.59/lat 12.84)">Baan Maka Nature Lodge</a>, 12.840 o N 99.590 o E, 140 m: 23.V.2018, MKT (1♀ CSCA) ; Surat Thani, Khlong Sok, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.526/lat 8.909)">Khao Sok Jungle Huts</a>, 8.909 o N 99.526 o E, 70 m, 14.V.2018, MKT (2♀ CSCA PSUC) .</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia * (Siem Reap), China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Laos (Bolikhamsay), Malaysia (Malay Peninsula), Myanmar, Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Lampang, Loei, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Sakhon Nakhon, Surat Thani, Tak), and Vietnam (Tonkin, Vinh Phuc, Yen Tu).</p><p>Remarks. This species is widespread in China and throughout mainland southeast Asia. In northern Thailand, W. mandersi (Cameron, 1897) may eventually be recognized and in the extreme South, W. singapora (Mickel, 1935) might be discovered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDB9851FF392E2E48AAC364	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
03DCF504FFDB9851FF392AD94862C0C3.text	03DCF504FFDB9851FF392AD94862C0C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavatilla Tsuneki 1993	<div><p>Genus 32. Zavatilla Tsuneki, 1993</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. See the key above and Zhou et al. (2018b). MALE. See Zhou et al. (2018b).</p><p>Diversity and Distribution. Four species known from China, Nepal, and Vietnam, including Z. gutrunae (Zavattari, 1913) from Taiwan (Fig. 28).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently revised by Zhou et al. (2018b). It has not yet been discovered in Thailand, but its occurrence in Vietnam and southern China suggests that Z. xuzaifui Zhou et al., 2018 might also occur in Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFDB9851FF392AD94862C0C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Williams, Kevin A.;Lelej, Arkady S.;Okayasu, Juriya;Borkent, Christopher J.;Malee, Rufeah;Thoawan, Kodeeyah;Thaochan, Narit	Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S., Okayasu, Juriya, Borkent, Christopher J., Malee, Rufeah, Thoawan, Kodeeyah, Thaochan, Narit (2019): The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4602 (1): 1-69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2669927
