identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DD8781FF9DFF97FF7F6A02FEB8AF51.text	03DD8781FF9DFF97FF7F6A02FEB8AF51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepidae Pictet 1854	<div><p>Leptolepidae Pictet, 1854</p><p>Content. Leptolepis coryphaenoides (Bronn, 1830); L. normandica Nybelin, 1962; L. jaegeri Agassiz, 1832; L. saltviciensis Simpson, 1855; L. autissiodorensis Sauvage, 1892; L. woodwardi Nybelin, 1974; L. nathorsti Woodward, 1900; Proleptolepis furcata Nybelin, 1974; P. elongata Nybelin, 1974; P. megalops Nybelin, 1974; Longileptolepis wiedenrothi (Arratia &amp; Thies, 2001) .</p><p>Geographical distribution. Lower to Middle Jurassic sediments of: Spitsbergen, Svenskøja (Svalbard, Norway); Neudingen, Holzmaden, Zell, Boll (Baden-Württemberg, Germany); Dobbertin, Grimmen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany); Salzgitter, Schandelah, Hondelage (Lower Saxony, Germany); Le Cain, Curcy (Normandie, France); Dumbleton, Gretton, Ilminster (England, Great Britain); Bergamo (Lombardy, Italy); Quebrada Vaquillas Altas, Quebrada la Carreta (Chile); Antarctic peninsula (Antarctica); Sao Pedro de Muel (Portugal) (data from Wenz 1968; Nybelin 1974; Tintori 1977; Arratia &amp; Thies 2001; Arratia &amp; Hikuroa 2010; Arratia 2015b; Antunes et al. 1981; this paper).</p><p>Stratigraphical distribution. Lower Jurassic, Sinemurian, Asteroceras obtusum Zone to late Middle Jurassic, Callovian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF9DFF97FF7F6A02FEB8AF51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF9DFF95FF7F68A0FBB5AE8E.text	03DD8781FF9DFF95FF7F68A0FBB5AE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepidae Pictet 1854	<div><p>Leptolepidae sp. 1</p><p>Figure 2; Plate 1A, B</p><p>Material. GG 431/5a, b isolated head missing postcranial bones, preserved in part and counterpart. Many of the bones are missing but molds of the bones are preserved on both slaps, showing their outlines and ornamentation.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Former clay pit of Dobbertin, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.</p><p>Stratigraphical distribution. Lower Jurassic, lower Toarcian “Green Series”, Harpoceras falciferum Zone.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cranial bones (Fig. 2; Pl. 1B): The parietal is incompletely preserved, but the impressions of the bone on GG 431/5a and b show that the anterior portion of the bone was thin and elongate. The posterior part is broad with an undulating posterior margin. The surface of the bone is ornamented with several fine grooves. The postparietal is not preserved. The pterotic is somewhat L-shaped with a broad ventral and a thin dorsal limb, the latter is mainly formed by a heavily ossified bony ridge. Some short vertical grooves are present on the surface of the bone, the most posterior one, that is deeper and broader than the previous ones, seems to be the middle pit line. A short section of the parasphenoid is preserved in the specimen, it is thin and heavily ossified. The posterior margin of the extrascapula is damaged, but the impression of this bone on GG 431/5b shows that it was semicircular, with a straight anterior margin.</p><p>Upper and lower jaws (Fig. 2; Pl. 1B): The jaws are only known from impressions on the rock. The maxilla is long and slightly convex, at least its anterior part must had been ornamented with longitudinal grooves and ridges. The impressions on GG 431/5b indicate the presence of teeth at least in the posterior part of the maxilla, their size remains unknown. Two supramaxillae are present. They are placed dorsal to the maxilla. The posterior supramaxilla bears a well marked, spine-like anterodorsal process. According to the impressions, both must had been covered with a strong ornamentation of longitudinal grooves and ridges. The molds of the dentary and angular are uninformative.</p><p>Circumorbital bones (Fig. 2; Pl. 1A): The bones of the circumorbital series are known from impressions of the supraorbital and the left and right infraorbital 1. The dermosphenotic (Fig. 2; Pl. 4B, E) is preserved in GG 431/5a, as well as its impression in GG 431/5b. The supraorbital is elongate with a sharp anterior tip. Its medial margin is sharply angled along its entire length. The possible presence of a posterior supraorbital is unknown. The infraorbital bone 1 was large and broad, with its anterior portion deeper than the posterior. The dermosphenotic is very large for basal teleosts (about 10% of head length), it is somewhat triangular and expands in anterodorsal direction.</p><p>Opercular bones and branchiostegal rays (Fig. 2; Pl. 1B): The opercular series consists of opercle, subopercle, preopercle; the interopercle was not observed. The opercle is the largest bone of the series, it bears a strongly ossified ridge at its anterior margin. The articulation with the subopercle is oblique. Some irregular shaped grooves are present on the surface of the bone. The subopercle is about as half as deep as the opercle and slightly broader. Its ventral and posteroventral margins are convex. The preopercle consists of a long dorsal and a ventral limb, both forming an angle of 110°. The dorsalmost part of the preopercle is only formed by the bony tube of the preopercular sensory canal. There is a well-marked notch in the posterior margin, and a small process in the anterior margin. Three incompletely preserved, plate-like branchiostegal rays are present ventral to the opercular bones.</p><p>Sensory canal system (Fig. 2; Pl. 1A, B): All preserved sensory canals are bone enclosed. The preserved part of the supraorbital canal runs along the parietal and forms a slight curve posterior to the orbit. The supraorbital canal ends at the posterior margin of the parietal. The canal probably continues on the postparietal. The canal does not give off any tubules, but four pores are observed. The infraorbital canal is positioned near the dorsal margin of infraorbital 1, at least five tubules are present in this bone. These are long and thin, nearly reaching the ventral margin of infraorbital 1. The infraorbital canal ends at the anterior margin of the dermosphenotic. On the dermosphenotic, the infraorbital canal gives off four tubules, all are directed dorsally, ending close to the dorsal margin of the bone. The infraorbital sensory canal is posteriorly continuous with the otic canal. The otic canal runs along the dorsolateral margin of the pterotic. This canal does not have tubules but two pores are present. The supratemporal canal runs near the anterior margin of the extrascapula, it gives off at least five long tubules that probably reached the posterior margin of the extrascapula. A short part of the middle pit line is probably present in the posterior part of the pterotic. The preopercular canal runs near the anterodorsal margin of the ventral limb of the preopercle, and along the center of the dorsal limb. At least eight tubules are present in the ventral limb of the preopercle, their length increases in posterior direction. They end near the ventral respectively posterior margin of the preopercle. One long tubule was observed in the ventral portion of the dorsal limb of the preopercle. A single pore is present in the dorsal portion of the preopercular canal.</p><p>Identification: Although poorly preserved and lacking the postcranial skeleton, GG 431/5a, b can be assigned to Leptolepidae based on the presence of two relatively large supramaxillae that are placed at the dorsal margin of the maxilla and the L-shaped preopercle. The specimen cannot be assigned to any existing species of Leptolepidae, since the undulating posterior margin of the parietal, the L-shaped pterotic, and the number of tubules in the infraorbital canal in the dermosphenotic seem to be unique among leptolepids.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF9DFF95FF7F68A0FBB5AE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF9FFF9AFF7F6996FEB7ACF3.text	03DD8781FF9FFF9AFF7F6996FEB7ACF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proleptolepis	<div><p>Proleptolepis -like</p><p>Figure 3, Plate 1C</p><p>Material. MV 202612, fragmentary head preserved in medial view.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Former clay pit of Grimmen, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.</p><p>Stratigraphic distribution. Lower Jurassic, lower Toarcian “Green Series”, Harpoceras falciferum Zone, Harpoceras exaratum Subzone.</p><p>Description. Opercular series (Fig. 3; Pl. 1C): The opercle, subopercle, propercle, and interopercle are preserved in the specimen. The opercle is poorly preserved. Its anterior margin is formed by a well-ossified ridge. The broad and deep subopercle is very large. The overall size seems to be equal to the size of the opercle, or it was slightly larger. The anterodorsal and anterior margins of the subopercle are straight, whereas the ventral and posterior margins are convex. The dorsal part of the preopercle is not preserved, but its mold allows to evaluate its outline. The bone is formed by a dorsal, vertical oriented, and a ventral, horizontal oriented limb; both limbs form an angle of about 120°. Anteriorly, at the confluence of both limbs there is a broad, convex process. Although the ventral margin of the bone is covered by the interopercle, the exposed part suggests the ventral limb of the preopercle to be very deep. In the posterior margin of the bone, at about the confluence of both limbs, a deep, sharp notch is present. The fragments and the molds interopercle suggest that it was large and triangular. Its length exceeds the length of the ventral limb of the preopercle. The ventral and posterior margins of the bone form an angle of about 90°.</p><p>Infraorbital 3 and suborbital (Fig. 3; Pl. 1C): Anteriorly to the preopercle, there are fragments of a canal bearing, dermal bone. In order to the large size and the position of these remains, they are identified as belonging to infraorbital 3. Between the posterior margin of infraorbital 3 and the impression of the preopercle, there are two bone fragments. According to their position, these fragments are interpreted as remains of a suborbital bone.</p><p>Sensory canal system (Fig. 3; Pl. 1C): The infraorbital sensory canal is only known from a single, trifurcated tubule in the remains of infraorbital 3. The preopercular canal runs close to the anterior respectively dorsal margins of the bone. Its canal gives off at least 10 unbranched tubules. Some more might be covered by the interopercle. The dorsal part of the canal gives off a single, posteriorly directed, long tubule. This seems to end at or close to the posterior margin of the preopercle. Two short and thin tubules are present at the confluence of both limbs, an additional short tubule is directed anteriorly.</p><p>Identification: The shape of the preopercle and the large size of the subopercle prevent an assignment to any species of Leptolepis . A large subopercle is found in Longileptolepis wiedenrothi, Proleptolepis furcata and P. megalops . As described above, MV 202612 bears a deep notch in the posterior margin of the preopercle. A shallow notch is present in Longileptolepis wiedenrothi (Arratia &amp; Thies 2001) and some species of Leptolepis (see below). A deep notch in the posterior margin of the preopercle, similar to the described specimen, is only present in Proleptolepis . Thus, MV 202612 indicates closest morphological resemblance to Proleptolepis . However, given the incomplete nature of the specimen it is here considered as an indeterminate Leptolepidae until more material is available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF9FFF9AFF7F6996FEB7ACF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF90FF9AFF7F6EF6FB67AB19.text	03DD8781FF90FF9AFF7F6EF6FB67AB19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepis Bronnii Agassiz 1832	<div><p>Leptolepis Agassiz, 1832</p><p>Type species. Leptolepis coryphaenoides (Bronn, 1830) .</p><p>Content. L. coryphaenoides (Bronn, 1830); L. normandica Nybelin, 1962; L. jaegeri Agassiz, 1832; L. autissiodorensis Sauvage, 1892; L. saltviciensis Simpson, 1855; L. woodwardi Nybelin, 1974, L. nathorsti Woodward, 1900 .</p><p>Geographical distribution. Lower to Middle Jurassic sediments of: Spitsbergen, Svenskøja (Svalbard, Norway); Neudingen, Dormettingen, Holzmaden, Zell, Boll (Baden-Württemberg, Germany); Dobbertin, Grimmen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany); Salzgitter, Schandelah, Hondelage (Lower Saxony, Germany); Le Cain, Curcy (Normandy, France), Dumbleton, Gretton, Ilminster (England, Great Britain); Bergamo (Lombardy, Italy) (data from Wenz 1968; Nybelin 1974; Tintori 1977; this paper).</p><p>Stratigraphical distribution. Lower Jurassic, lower Toarcian to Middle Jurassic, Callovian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF90FF9AFF7F6EF6FB67AB19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF91FF9CFF7F6BFDFA2FAEA2.text	03DD8781FF91FF9CFF7F6BFDFA2FAEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepis coryphaenoides (Bronn 1830)	<div><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides (Bronn, 1830)</p><p>Figures 4 A, B, 6; Plates 2A–C, 3A, B</p><p>Synonyms:</p><p>Cyprinus coryphaenoides Bronn, 1830: pl. 1.</p><p>Leptolepis Bronnii Agassiz, 1832: p. 146 .</p><p>Leptolepis bronnii Quenstedt, 1858: pl. 33 figs. 8–11.</p><p>Leptolepis bronni Rayner, 1937 (in part): figs. 1–14.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Nybelin, 1962: fig. 1A.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Nybelin, 1963: fig. 9.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Wenz, 1968 (in part): figs. 79–107, pls. XL–XLVIII. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Patterson, 1968 (in part): figs. 9 A–C. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Nybelin, 1974: figs. 4A–B; 5A–K; 6A–L; 7D–G; 8; pls. VI–X; XI, figs. 1, 4–5. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Patterson, 1975 (in part): figs. 58, 89–91, 127, 128A, 132B, 144. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Taverne, 1975: fig. 1.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Nybelin, 1976: pl. 1, fig. 4–5.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaeniodes Tintori, 1977: figs. 1–4.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Patterson &amp; Rosen, 1977: figs. 32B–C, 33C. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Schultze &amp; Arratia, 1989: fig. 6A. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Schultze, 1990: fig. 10A–E. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 1994: pl. 7 figs. A–B.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Wild, 1994: fig. 85.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Lambers, 1996: fig. 14C. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 1996a: fig. 1D.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 1996b: figs. 5A, 6B.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 1997: figs. 76A, B, 82A, 83B, 88B, 89A–C, 90A. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Delsate, 1997: pl. 1, 3A–B.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 1999: fig. 13.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Kriwet, 2001: fig. 4.7H.</p><p>Leptolepis normandica Arratia &amp; Thies, 2001: fig. 12B.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Thies, 2001: fig. 12D. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Bean, 2006: figs. 9H–I, 19A.</p><p>Leptolepis normandica Bean, 2006: fig. 18A.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Herzog, 2007: fig. 7C. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 2008: fig. 7B, 22.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 2009: fig. 14A.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Hikuroa, 2010: figs. 7A–D. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 2013: figs. 97D, 99A, 100A–B. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Schultze &amp; Arratia, 2013: figs. 5B, 9A, B, 21B. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Schultze, 2015: fig. 768A. Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia, 2015: figs. 4A, C, 10C, 11D, 15C.</p><p>Material. GG 431/3 slightly disarticulated, incomplete head, from Dobbertin; GG 431/7 subadult, almost complete specimen, missing most of the caudal fin, from Grimmen; NRM P 6091 (cast of MNH P. 23834) fragmentary head, from Dobbertin; GG 431/19 isolated head with pectoral girdle, from Grimmen; GG 431/20 incomplete head, from Dobbertin.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Neudingen, Holzmaden, Zell, Boll (Baden-Württemberg, Germany); Dobbertin, Grimmen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany); Curcy (Normandy, France), Dumbleton, Gretton, Ilminster (England, Great Britain); Bergamo (Lombardy, Italy) (data from Wenz 1968; Tintori 1977; Nybelin 1974; this paper).</p><p>Stratigraphical distribution. Lower Jurassic, Toarcian, at least Harpoceras falciferum Zone.</p><p>Description. Cranial bones (Figs. 4 A, B; Pl. 2A): A short part of the mesethmoid was observed in GG 431/7, most of it is covered by infraorbital 1. The parietals form most of the skull roof. They are poorly preserved in GG 431/7 but the remnants show that they were narrow anteriorly but broader in its posterior portion. The postparietals are not preserved. In GG 431/7 the pterotic is subrectangular, with a smooth surface. The pit lines were not observed. The extrascapula seems to be semicircular, with a straight anterior margin.</p><p>Upper jaw (Figs. 4 A, B, 5; Pls. 2A, 3A, B): The upper jaw consists of maxilla, premaxilla and two supramaxillae. The triangular premaxilla is very small and elongate, with the ascending process being low and narrow. A single row of very small teeth is present along the oral margin of the premaxilla. The maxilla is the largest bone of the upper jaw. It is moderately long and deep. Its posterior margin reaches the center of the quadrate. The ventral margin is convex, especially its posteroventral margin shows a strong curvature. A single row of miniscule teeth is present on the ventral margin of the maxilla. A well-ossified ridge is present along the lateral margin of the bone. In GG 431/3 several small longitudinal grooves are present on the lateral surface of the maxilla. These were not observed in GG 431/7 but this might due to the fact that GG 431/7 is a subadult specimen and thus, the bone might not be fully developed. Most of the dorsal margin of the maxilla is covered by the supramaxillae. The anterior supramaxilla is elongate, with a sharp anterior tip. A low ridge is present along the lateral margin of the bone. The main body of the posterior supramaxilla is somewhat triangular in GG 431/7 but ovoid in GG 431/3. A long, spine-like anterior process emerges from about the center of the bone. The anterior tip of the process is covered by the first infraorbital in both specimens, so its length is unknown. The posterior supramaxilla shows an ornamentation of several grooves, running parallel to the dorsal and ventral margins of the bone.</p><p>Lower jaw (Figs. 4 A, B; Pl. 3A): Most of the lower jaw is covered by the maxilla in the examined specimens. The dentary forms most of the ventral margin of the lower jaw. The oral margin ascends with an angle of about 40° in respect to the ventral margin of the dentary. Two very small teeth are preserved on the dentary of GG 431/7. The ventral margin of the dentary is slightly convex and the mandibular sensory canal runs close the ventral margin of the bone. Posterodorsally, the dentary articulates with the angular. The exposed part of the angular shows a distinct ornamentation of grooves and ridges.</p><p>Circumorbital bones (Figs. 4 A, B, 5; Pl. 2C): The circumorbital series is incomplete in all examined specimens. The large and elongate infraorbital 1 is subtriangular, with its anterior margin deeper than the posterior margin. Infraorbital 2 is very thin, mainly carrying the infraorbital sensory canal. It is slightly shorter than infraorbital 1. Infraorbital 3 is the largest bone of the series. It is subrectangular with a concave anteroventral and convex dorsal and posterior margins. Infraorbitals 4 and 5 are preserved in NRM P 6091. Both are of equal size and shape. They are small and subrectangular. The ventral part of the dermosphenotic is preserved in NRM P 6091 but its exact shape remains unknown. A single suborbital is present between infraorbitals 3 to 5, dermosphenotic, the preopercle and the opercle. It is elongate and bears a well-marked notch in its posterior margin. The ventral part of the thin and delicate anterior sclerotic bone is preserved in GG 431/7. The anterior part of the anterior supraorbital was observed in GG 431/7. It is thin and elongate. A very small, poorly ossified bone lies laterally to the anterodorsal tip of infraorbital 1 and the anterior tip of the parietal of GG 431/7, which might be a remnant of the antorbital.</p><p>Hyoid- and palatoquadrate arches (Figs. 4 A, B; Pl. 2A): The dorsal part of the hyomandibula is exposed in GG 431/7 and the complete bone in GG 431/3. Anteriorly, it bears a thin lamella, and well-marked opercular and preopercular processes posteriorly. The main body of the quadrate is triangular. It bears a well-defined condyle for the articulation with the lower jaw. The posteroventral process of the quadrate is elongated; its posterior part is broken in GG 431/3 and covered by the preopercle in GG 431/7. Thus, its length remains unknown, but it is at least as long as the main body of the quadrate. The symplectic was not observed. The ventral part of the metapterygoid is exposed in GG 431/7. Its dorsal portion is covered by infraorbital 3 and its ventral margin is less broad than its dorsal part, as well as the dorsal part of the quadrate. An elongate, chondral bone lies ventrally to the preopercle in GG 431/7. This bone was identified as posterior ceratohyal. The number of the branchiostegal rays remains unknown due to poor preservation, but the more posterior ones seem to be longer and much broader than the anterior ones.</p><p>Opercular bones (Figs. 4 A, B, 5; Pl. 2A–C): From the opercular series the opercle, subopercle, preopercle, and interopercle are preserved in the specimens. A suprapreopercle (see Nybelin 1962, 1974) is absent in specimen GG 431/7. The condition remains unknown in the other specimens. The opercle is the largest bone of the series. A well ossified ridge is present along its anterior margin. Several fine growth lines are running parallel to the ventral posterior and dorsal margins of the bone. The anterior, ventral and posterior margins of the bone are straight, whereas the dorsal margin is convex. Contrary to the descriptions of Nybelin (1962, 1974), the anterior and posterior margins are not parallel. This is also true for specimen NRM P 6091 (MNH P 23834 in Nybelin 1974) which was assigned to L. coryphaenoides . The subopercle is slightly broader than the opercle but less deep. Several fine growth-lines are present parallel to the ventral and posterior margins of the bone. The preopercle is L-shaped. The ventral and dorsal limbs form an angle of a 110° with each other. The dorsal-most part of the dorsal limb of the preopercle is well preserved in GG 431/7. It seems to be only formed by the tube-like ossification of the preopercular sensory canal, and reaches the otic sensory canal dorsally. In GG 431/3, there is an indistinct notch in the posterior margin of the preopercle. Most of the interopercle is covered by the preopercle in both specimens, so not much is known about this bone.</p><p>Sensory canal system (Figs. 4 A, B, 5; Pl. 2A–C): Only the cephalic sensory canals are known. The trunk canal is not preserved in the examined specimens. All sensory canals are running in tube-like ossifications. A short, poorly preserved part of the supraorbital canal is preserved on the posterior part of the parietal of GG 431/7. Its shape remains unknown. The infraorbital canal runs along the center of infraorbital 1. The canal is not preserved in GG 431/3 but impressions on the surface of the bone indicate the presence of at least four tubules, which seem to end close to the ventral margin of the infraorbital 1. The canal continues in the dorsal margin of infraorbital 2, no tubules were observed. On infraorbital 3, the canal runs near the anterior margin of the bone. It gives off two to four tubules which end at about the center of the bone. These are not branched in the juvenile specimen GG 431/7, but strongly branched in NRM P 6091 and GG 431/19. In NRM P 6091 and GG 431/19, the canal continues close to the anterior margins of infraorbitals 4 and 5. The canal gives off one to two tubules in infraorbital 4 and one in in infraorbital 5. All tubules in infraorbitals 4 and 5 are unbranched, posteriorly directed and close to the posterior margins of the respective bones. The canal on the dermosphenotic is only known from NRM P 6091. In this bone the canal seems to trifurcate. The anterior, dorsal directed part of the canal is undoubtely the anterodorsal branch of the canal. One of the posteriorly, respectively posterodorsally directed “branches” must be a tubule, the other the true posterior branch. A decision cannot be made on the basis of specimen NRM P 6091 because of the defective state of the dermosphenotic. Nybelin (1974:40) interpreted the ventral one as a posterior directed tubule, since he observed an equivalent tubule in another specimen (BMNH 19642). Thus, we follow Nybelin’s interpretation. The mandibular canal is well preserved in GG 431/3. It runs near the ventral margin of the dentary. Three pores are present on the ventral margin of the canal. The canal continues in the ventral part of the angular, the posterior opening is not visible. It is probably placed at the medial side of the bone. The preopercular canal runs close to the dorsal/anterior margin of the preopercle. In GG 431/3 it gives off at least 11 tubules (on the left preopercle), some of them are very broad and at least six of them are branched up to four times. The very broad tubules might be the result of fusion of adjacent tubules. All tubules end close to the ventral or posterior margin of the preopercle. In GG 431/7 the preopercular canal gives off 10 tubules, only two of them are branched. The preopercular canal reaches the otic canal dorsally. The otic canal runs along the dorsolateral margin of the pterotic, a single, dorsally directed, short tubule is present. Posteriorly, the otic canal is continuous with the supraoccipital canal. This runs close to the anterior margin of the extrascapula. The number of tubules and the continuation with the posttemporal canal is unknown because of poor preservation. The canals in the posttemporal and supracleithrum are not preserved.</p><p>Vertebral column and associated bones (Pl. 2A): The following description is based on GG 431/7, a subadult specimen. Bones of the vertebral column can change their shape and often fuse with other bones during ontogeny. For descriptions of adult individuals of Leptolepis see e.g., Rayner (1937), Wenz (1968), Nybelin (1962, 1974), Arratia (1991, 1997), and Arratia &amp; Hikuroa (2010). The total number of vertebrae, as well as the number of abdominal and caudal vertebrae are unknown, because the anteriormost vertebrae are covered by the opercle, others are covered by scales. The autocentra are slightly longer than broad, each being slightly constricted in its middle part. Their surface is smooth, without any ornamentation. The parapophyses are fused to their respective centrum, they are subtriangular in shape and are as long as their centra. Both halves of the abdominal neural spines are unfused but are fused in the caudal region. The ribs are thin, at least the anterior ribs seem to reach the ventral margin of the abdomen. Thin, elongate epineural processes are associated with the anterior abdominal neural arches. Epipleural bones seem to be absent. All neural arches seem to be unfused with their respective centrum in GG 431/7. Arratia (1991, 1997) described the abdominal neural arches as to be unfused, but the caudal neural arches as fused to their centra in L. coryphaenoides . Therefore, the herein observed unfused caudal neural arches of GG 431/7 are interpreted as an ontogenetic condition. The last six neural spines and the last five hemal spines are distally expanded. The neural spines are thin, their length remain unknown.</p><p>Pectoral girdle and fin (Figs. 4 A, 5; Pl. 2A): The pectoral girdle is complete in GG 431/7, but many of the bones are poorly preserved. Most of the posttemporal is covered by the opercle, so its shape is unknown. This is also true for the supracleithrum that seems to be elongate. The dorsal limb of the cleithrum is covered by the subopercle, the ventral limb is directed anteroventrally. Its anterior tip and its posterior margin are bent in medial direction. Several fine grooves run parallel to the margins of the cleithrum, which seem to be growth lines. Postcleithrum 1 is an elongate bone, that seems to articulate with the supracleithrum dorsally and overlaps the postcleitrum 2 ventrally. Postcleithrum 2 is broad and seems to be triangular. The dorsal part of postcleithrum 3 is covered by the left pectoral fin. Its ventral part is triangular. The pectoral fin is located close to the ventral margin of the body. The following description is based on the right pectoral fin of GG 431/7. Sixteen pectoral fin rays are present. Most of them are segmented and branched in their distal portions. Two, maybe three small, elongate scales seem to be associated with the last pectoral fin ray. There are four poorly preserved proximal radials. Three are elongate, the fourth is short and about twice as broad as the others. The anterior part of the coracoid is narrow and elongate. Anteriorly it reaches the anteroventral tip of the cleithrum. The posterior part of the coracoid is about as twice as broad as the anterior portion. A small part of the scapula is exposed in GG 431/7, but most of it is covered by the cleithrum, so its shape remains unknown.</p><p>Pelvic girdle and fin (Pl. 2A): The pelvic fin is placed at about 50% of standard length. The basipterygium is triangular, with a strongly ossified ridge along its lateral edge. Eleven fin rays plus an elongate pelvic splint are present. The distal portions of the pelvic fins are poorly preserved, but at least some of the lepidotrichia are segmented distally.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fin (Pl. 2A): Both, the dorsal and anal fins are poorly preserved. The dorsal fin consists of at least 11 fin rays. The number of precurrent rays is unknown. At least ten fin rays are present in the anal fin, the first three are precurrent rays. Fulcra are absent in the dorsal and anal fins.</p><p>Squamation (Pl. 2A): Several comparatively large cycloid scales are preserved in GG 431/7. Their shape is circular in the dorsal part of the abdominal region, but some scales in the ventral part of the abdomen show an oval outline. However, all scales show complete circuli.</p><p>Remark: Nybelin (1974: pl. IX, fig. 3) figured a cast of a fragmentary head of a L. coryphaenoides from the Dobbertin Lagerstätte with the collection number MNH P 23834. This cast was found in the collection of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm, but with the different collection number NRM P 6091. The labels indicate that the collection number MNH P 23834 refers to the original specimen.</p><p>Identification: The above described specimens share the presence of branched tubules in the preopercular canal. Nybelin (1974) listed three species of Leptolepis which possess branched tubules in the preopercular sensory canal, L. coryphaenoides (Bronn, 1830), L. saltviciensis Simpson, 1855 and L. autissiodorensis Sauvage, 1892 . Nybelin (1974) also points out that L. saltviciensis might represents juvenile stages of L. autissiodorensis . The preopercles of L. saltviciensis and L. autissiodorensis are almost equal in shape. They are less broad and more crescentic than in L. coryphaenoides . Furthermore, the tubules in the preopercular canal are shorter, the number of tubules is higher and fewer branched tubules are present in L. saltviciensis and L. autissiodorenis . The herein described specimens GG 431/3, GG 431/19, GG 431/20 and NRM P 6091 have relatively broad preopercles and relatively low numbers of tubules in the preopercular canal. Therefore, they are assigned to L. coryphaenoides . This assignment is also supported by the presence of miniscule teeth on the maxilla and premaxilla, as well as the presence of a small premaxilla in GG 431/3, as described in L. coryphaenoides by Nybelin (1974). Specimen GG 431/7 shows a comparatively narrow preopercle, as described in L. saltviciensis and L. autissiodorensis (Nybelin 1974) . Otherwise, GG 431/7 is considered as a juvenile and the preopercle might not be fully developed. The specimen differs to L. autissiodorensis in the low number of tubules in the preopercular canal of 10 (more than 22 in L. autissiodorensis). The miniscule teeth on maxilla, premaxilla and dentary, as well as the small premaxilla of GG 431/7 are consistent with referral to L. coryphaenoides . Thus, GG 431/7 is also assigned to L. coryphaenoides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF91FF9CFF7F6BFDFA2FAEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF96FF83FF7F69BDFD58AFA6.text	03DD8781FF96FF83FF7F69BDFD58AFA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepis normandica Nybelin 1962	<div><p>Leptolepis normandica Nybelin, 1962</p><p>Figure 6; Plates 1E, 2D, 3C</p><p>Synonyms:</p><p>Leptolepis concentricus Egerton, 1849 (in part): p.35.</p><p>Leptolepis pachystetus Sauvage, 1874: pl. VII, figs. 2, 3. Leptolepis bronni Woodward, 1895: p. 504 .</p><p>Leptolepis normandica Nybelin, 1962: fig. 1B.</p><p>Leptolepis normandica Nybelin, 1963: fig. 10.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Wenz, 1968 (in part): figs. 91, 92B, 94A, pl. XLII, XLIII fig. C. Leptolepis normandica Nybelin, 1974: figs. 1A, B; 2; 3 A–C; 7A–C; pls. I–IV; V figs. 1–5; IX figs. 2, 3; XXX fig. 1. Leptolepis normandica Nybelin, 1976: pl. 1, fig 3.</p><p>Leptolepis normandica Delsate, 1997: figs. 1–5; pl. 1, figs. 1, 4A–C; pl. 2, figs. 5–9. Leptolepis normandica Arratia, 1984: fig. 7E.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Arratia &amp; Thies, 2001: fig. 12C. Leptolepis normandica Bean, 2006: figs. 9E–G.</p><p>Leptolepis coryphaenoides Bean, 2006: fig 18B.</p><p>Leptolepis bronni Ansorge &amp; Obst, 2015: fig. 15B.</p><p>Material. GG 431/2a, b, articulated head with pectoral girdle and few abdominal vertebrae, preserved in part and counterpart. The specimen is associated with four insect wings, including the holotypes of Protorhyphus stigmaticus Handlirsch, 1920 and Parablattula reticulata Handlirsch, 1920 .</p><p>Geographical distribution. Curcy, May (Normandy, France); Dumbleton, Alderton (Gloucestershire, England); Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany); Barscharage (Luxembourg); ?Holzmaden (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) (data from Wenz 1968; Nybelin 1962, 1974; Delsate 1997; this paper).</p><p>Stratigraphical distribution. Lower Jurassic, Toarcian, at least Harpoceras falciferum Zone.</p><p>Description. Cranial bones (Fig. 6; Pl. 1E): Most of the cranial bones are poorly or not preserved. Most of the cranial roof is formed by the parietal. It is narrow and elongate in its anterior portion. The posterior portion is damaged. It seems to have been much broader than the anterior part. Anteriorly, the parietal articulates with the mesethmoid. Remnants of the postparietal, pterotic and endocranial bones are preserved but are uninformative. The mesethmoid is short, but the lateral wing is large. It extends in anterolateral and posterolateral directions. The posterior part of the lateral wing is covered by infraorbital 1, so its posterior length is unknown. The nasal bone lies slightly dislocated below the supraorbital. The exposed part of this bone is its posterior portion, which is thin and tube-like, mainly carrying the supraorbital sensory canal. The lateral ethmoid is narrow, elongate, and poorly ossified.</p><p>Upper jaw (Fig. 6; Pl. 3 C): The upper jaw consists of premaxilla, maxilla and two supramaxillae. The premaxilla is small. It bears a well marked, broad ascending process. A single row of at least eleven, long, but very narrow teeth are present on the oral margin of the premaxilla. The maxilla is the largest bone of the upper jaw. It is long, reaching the posterodorsal margin of the quadrate. The bone is convex ventrally and concave dorsally. A well ossified ridge is present along the lateral margin of the bone. An elongate groove is present on the lateral surface, running parallel to the ridge. Some short grooves are running diagonal to the dorsally and ventral margins of the maxilla at about the center of the bone. The dorsal margin of the maxilla bears an elongate surface for the articulation of the supramaxillae. A single row of several small, needle-like teeth is present along the ventral margin of the maxilla. Each tooth is associated with a small groove. The ventral portions of both supramaxillae are broken and their dorsal margins are covered by infraorbital bones. Thus, the exact shapes of both bones are unknown. The anterior supramaxilla seems to have been elongated, with a sharp anterior tip. The remaining part of the posterior supramaxilla indicates a more or less trapezoidal shape, an anterior process seems to arise from the anteroventral portion of the bone and extands anterodorsally. Its length remains unknown. The surface of the posterior supramaxilla is strongly ornamented. The ornamentation consists of several grooves, running more or less parallel to the ventral margin of the bone and some low tubercles.</p><p>Lower jaw (Fig. 6; Pl. 3C): The lower jaw is formed laterally by the dentary and angular. Most of both bones is covered by bones of the upper jaw. Most of the ventral margin of the lower jaw is formed by the dentary. The oral margin ascends with an angle of about 30° in respect to the ventral margin of the bone. Four very small teeth were observed on the oral margin. The exposed part of the angular is poorly preserved in the specimen, so not much is known about it.</p><p>Palatoquadrate and hyoid arches (Fig. 6): The quadrate and a small portion of the entopterygoid are the only exposed bones of the palatoquadrate arch in the specimen. The main body of the quadrate seems to be triangular, as in the other species of Leptolepis . The posteroventral process of the quadrate is longer than the main body, but its posterior part is covered by the preopercle, so its length remains unknown. Some poorly preserved branchiostegals are present ventral to the interopercle, these seem to be elongate and laterally flattened.</p><p>Orbital bones (Fig. 6; Pl. 1E): The orbital bones are nearly completely preserved, lacking only the posterior supraorbital, the dermosphenotic, and the antorbital. The anterior portion of the anterior supraorbital is preserved in the specimen. It shows a sharp anterior tip and is sharp angled along its lateral margin. The second supraorbital is not preserved. Both sclerotics are preserved. Both are semicircular shaped, and at least the posterior is very broad. They have probably surrounded the eye completely. Infraorbital 1 is subrectangular, with its anterior part being deeper than the posterior margin. Infraorbital 2 is about as long as infraorbital 1, but thin, just a little bit broader than the infraorbital sensory canal. Infraorbital 3 is the largest bone of the infraorbital series. Posteriorly, it reaches the preopercle. It is convex at its ventral and concave at its posterior margins. The dorsal margin of infraorbital 3 is partly overlapped by infraorbital 4. Infraorbital 4 is subrectangular, with a convex ventral margin, which overlaps infraorbital 3. The ventral margin of infraorbital 5 is straight, and as broad as the dorsal margin of infraorbital 4. The bone narrows in dorsal direction. The dorsal margin of the bone is not preserved. One suborbital is present whereas an “accessory” suborbital (see Nybelin 1974) is absent. The bone covers the space between the infraorbitals and the opercle and preopercle. The anterior margin of the bone is covered by infraorbitals 3 to 5. The posterior margin of the suborbital bears a distinct notch. A small notch is also present in the dorsal margin, probably for the passage of the preopercular sensory canal.</p><p>Opercular bones (Fig. 6; Pl. 1E): The opercular series consists of opercle, subopercle, preopercle and interopercle. The opercle is the largest bone of the series. Its anterior, ventral and posterior margins are straight, but it is convex and bent in medial direction dorsally. Some fine growth lines were observed. The subopercle is about as half as deep as the opercle, but slightly broader. Its posteroventral margin is convex. The preopercle is L-shaped, with a long dorsal and a shorter ventral limb, both form an angle of about 110°. The posterior margin of the preopercle shows a vague notch. In the anterior margin, near the confluence of both limbs, the preopercle bears an anterior process. A suprapreopercle, as described by Nybelin (1974), was not observed. It is either absent or completely covered by the suborbital. Most of the interopercle is covered by the preopercle, so its exact shape is unknown. Its ventral margin is as long as the ventral limb of the preopercle.</p><p>Sensory canal system (Fig. 6; Pl. 2D): The sensory canal system is known from the mandibular, preopercular, infraorbital, and a very short portion of the supraorbital canal. All preserved parts are enclosed by bone. All tubules are unbranched. The mandibular canal runs close to the ventral margin of the dentary. The canal is poorly preserved and does not allow a proper description. The preopercular canal runs close to the dorsal margin of the ventral limb and along the center of the dorsal limb of the preopercle. It gives off twelve tubules, nine of them are present in the ventral limb. These tubule increase in length posteriorly, and point in posteroventral direction. The tubules in the ventral limb end close to the ventral margin of the bone or reach the margin. At the confluence of dorsal and ventral limb, two tubules, pointing in posterior and posterventral directions are present. These are much shorter than the preceding ones and do not reach the posterior margin of the preopercle. A very short, anteriorly directed tubule is also present at the confluence of both limbs. A single tubule is present in the ventral part of the dorsal limb. This points in posterodorsal direction and does not reach the posterior margin of the preopercle. The infraorbital canal runs close to the dorsal, or anterior margin of the infraorbital bones. The infraorbital canal is not preserved in infraorbital 1, but impressions on the bone show its position. The canal gives off at least four tubules, which apparently have reached the ventral margin of the bone. The canal continues close to the center of infraorbital 2. It gives off four tubules in infraorbital 3, which are directed posteroventrally. The first one is much shorter than the other tubules. Two tubules are present in infraorbital 4, they point posteriorly. The ventral one is long, ending close to the posterior margin of the bone; the dorsal tubule is evidently shorter. The infraorbital canal does not seem to give off any tubules in infraorbital 5.</p><p>Vertebral column and associated bones (Pl. 1F): Seven abdominal vertebrae are exposed in the specimen, but it is assumed that few others are covered by the opercle. The autocentra are slightly longer than broad, each being slightly constricted in its middle part. Their surface is smooth, without ornamentation. The parapophyses are large, about as broad as their respective centrum. The parapopyses are fused to the autocentra lateroventrally and bear a short, very thin process at its lateroventral margin. The processes point posteroventrally. Ribs are not preserved. The neural arches are not fused to their centra. Each arch bears a thin epineural process, which is directed posteriorly. The epineural processes are united with the neural arches also by thin bony lamellae. These lamellae exceed in anterior and dorsal direction and form a small anterodorsal process. The neural spines are thin and form an angle of about 45° with the vertebral column. Supraneural bones are not preserved.</p><p>Pectoral girdle and fin (Fig. 6; Pl. 1E): The preserved bones of the pectoral girdle are: cleithrum, supracleitrum, and two postcleithra. The cleitrum is composed of two limbs, a vertical dorsal and a horizontal ventral one. The dorsal limb seems to be longer than the ventral one. Several fine grooves and ridges, running parallel to the posterior margin of the bone are present. These seem to be growth lines. The elongate supracleithrum is hardly damaged. A long and narrow bone is present posterior to the cleithrum. This bone is identified as postcleithrum 1. A second postcleithrum is present ventrally to postcleithrum 1. This element is incompletely preserved, so that its shape remains unknown. Several lepidotrichia of the pectoral fin (probably originating from both fins) lie ventrally and posteriorly to the cleithrum, they are poorly preserved. At least some rays are segmented.</p><p>Remark: Nybelin (1974) pointed out that L. normandica Nybelin, 1962 might be identical with L. pachystetus Sauvage, 1873 . This assumption is based on the relatively low number of unbranched tubules in the preopercular sensory canal and a similar shaped opercle in both species. Due to Sauvage’s insufficient description and the loss of the holotype of L. pachystetus the identity of both species cannot be confirmed (see Nybelin 1974). The herein examined specimens of Leptolepidae sp. 1, Proleptolepis -like, Leptolepis sp. 1 and L. jaegeri, do also have a relatively low number of unbranched tubules in the preopercular sensory canal, but differ from L. normandica in other characters. This shows that the number and shape of the tubules cannot be used as sole character for the identification of the species. Furthermore, we disagree with Nybelin’s (1962, 1974) interpretation of the shape of the opercle in L. normandica (see below). For these reasons, we retain the use of the name L. normandica, following the nomenclature of Nybelin (1962, 1974).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF96FF83FF7F69BDFD58AFA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF89FF88FF7F68BEFA8FAA2E.text	03DD8781FF89FF88FF7F68BEFA8FAA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepis jaegeri Agassiz 1832	<div><p>Leptolepis jaegeri Agassiz, 1832</p><p>Figures 7 A–C; 8A–C; 9A, B; 10A, B; 11; Plates 1D; 2E; 3D; 4A–C</p><p>Synonyms:</p><p>Leptolepis Jaegeri Agassiz, 1832: p. 146</p><p>Leptolepis Jaegeri Agassiz, 1833 –1844 (vol. 2): p. 13 Leptolepis jaegeri Woodward, 1895: p. 505</p><p>Liassolepis bronni (nomen nudum) Jaekel, 1929: fig. 3 Leptolepis coryphaenoides (in part) Wenz, 1968: figs. 92A, 95A Leptolepis jaegeri Nybelin, 1974: figs. 9, 10A–C; pls. XII, XIII fig. 3 Leptolepis bronni Ansorge &amp; Obst, 2015: fig. 15C</p><p>Material. NRM P 6483a, b (neotype) from Holzmaden; GG 431/1 isolated head with pectoral girdle, preserved in 3D, from Dobbertin; GG 431/6 isolated head with pectoral girdle, from Grimmen; GG 431/9a isolated head preserved in 3D prepared from left side, from Grimmen, acid prepared specimen; GG431/9b same individual as GG 431/9a, right side of the head in lateral view; GG 431/10 almost complete, juvenile specimen from Grimmen; GG 431/15 incomplete head from Grimmen; GG 431/16 isolated head from Grimmen.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Zell, Holzmaden (Baden-Württemberg, Germany); Dobbertin, Grimmen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany); Le Cain (Normandy, France); ?Dumbleton (Gloucestershire, Great Britain) (data from Agassiz 1832; Nybelin 1974; this paper).</p><p>Stratigraphical distribution. Lower Jurassic, Toarcian, at least Harpoceras falciferum Zone, Harpoceras exaratum Subzone.</p><p>Description. General description: Small, slender teleost, maximal known head-length 22 mm. Pelvic fins placed at about 50% of standard length, origin of dorsal fin slightly posterior to pelvic fin. Anal fin placed at about 70% of standard length. Body covered with cycloid scales.</p><p>Cranial bones (Figs. 7 A, B; 8A–C; 9A, B; 10A, B; Pls. 1D; 2E; 3D; 4A–C): The mesethmoid is well preserved in GG 431/9a, the anterodorsal margin of this bone is short. The ventral lamella of the mesethmoid extends posterior from the lateral and point to the anterior tip of the lateral etmoids. The anterior tip of the lateral wing of the mesethmoid is in contact to the anteromedial tip of the bone, forming a mesethmoidal foramen. The nasal bones are small. They articulate with the parietal laterally. The posterior portion of the nasal bone is mainly formed by the tube-like ossification of the supraorbital sensory canal, whereas it is triangular in its anterior portion. The parietals form most of the skull roof. They are narrow and elongate in their anterior part. The suture between both parietals is smooth. The parietals articulate with the mesethmoid anteriorly; the nasal bones, supraorbital and dermosphenotic laterally; the pterotic posterolaterally; and the postparietal posterodorsally. The postparietal bones seem to be subrectangular. The anterior and middle pit lines are present in the posterior portion of the bone. The pterotic forms most of the lateral aspect of the skull roof. Its exact outline remains unknown, because of poor preservation. The middle pit line was observed on the right pterotic of GG 431/1. The narrow lateral ethmoids are well preserved in GG 431/9a, b. They articulate with the parietals and do not reach the parasphenoid ventrally. A short anteroventral process points to the posteroventral lamella of the mesethmoid. The parasphenoid is elongate and narrow. It articulates with the vomer anteriorly, the entopterygoid ventrally and with endocranial bones posterodorsally. A tooth plate is fused to the parasphenoid slightly anterior to the ascending processes of the parasphenoid, at the ventral margin of the bone. At least six teeth are present at the right margin of the plate, some more are medially placed. The teeth are comparatively large, conical and point posteroventrally. The short vomer articulates with the parasphenoid ventral to the mesethmoid. The vomer bears at least seven, comparatively large, conical teeth. The vomerine teeth are arranged in two rows and point posteroventrally. The orbitosphenoid is preserved in GG 431/9a. It is located dorsal to the orbit and does not exceed anteriorly or ventrally. Posteriorly, the orbitosphenoid sutures with the pterosphenoid, which forms the medial aspect of the posterodorsal margin of the orbit. The extrascapula is preserved in GG 431/1 and GG 431/16, but the state of preservation is poor in both specimens. In specimen GG 4321/9a, some bones of the braincase are preserved. The prootic forms most of the lateral and anteroventral aspects of the braincase, it sutures with the basioccipital posteroventrally, with the pterosphenoid and basisphenoid anteriorly, and with exoccipital posteriorly. The articulation of the prootic with the parasphenoid remains unknown because of poor preservation. The prootic-exoccipital suture runs vertical and is almost straight. The exoccipital forms the posterolateral and posterior aspects of the braincase, it sutures the basioccipital ventrally. The exocciptal-basioccipital suture is clearly visible in the anterior portion of the anteroventral portion of the exoccipital but was not observed in the posterior part of the bone. This may indicate a fusion of both bones, late in ontogeny. The basioccipital forms the ventral and the posteroventral part of the posterior braincase. The epiotic forms the posterodorsal and most probably, a part of the posterior aspect of the braincase. The autosphenotic and pterotic are not preserved in GG 431/9a.</p><p>Hyoid arch (Fig. 8 A, 9B): The posterior ceratohyal preserved in GG 431/9b, but most of the bone is covered so its shape remains unknown. The groove for the afferent hyoidean artery runs close to dorsal margin of the bone. A small facet, probably for the articulation of the interhyal, is present on the posterodorsal margin of the posterior ceratohyal. The anterior ceratohyal is fenestrated, the groove for the afferent hyoidean artery is continuous with the fenestra and leaves the bone at its anterior margin. Most of the dorsal hypohyal is covered by the ventral hypohyal, the shape and size of the bone remains unknown. The anterodorsal tip of the dorsal hypohyal bears two small depressions anteriorly. The ventral hypohyal is a massive, subrectangular bone. A deep groove for the afferent hyoidean artery is present. It runs in anteriorly, but turns ventrally at about the center of the bone. The afferent hyoidean artery pierced the bone and exited it at its medial side. An elongate bone, which is probably the displaced urohyal, lies dorsal to the anterior ceratohyal in GG 431/9b. Several very small, conical teeth are present on the complete surface of the bone. A broad bone is present anterior to the hypohyals, this is either the basihyal or a basihyal tooth plate. Its anterodorsal surface is sparsely covered with conical teeth. The size of the teeth varies. The teeth near the medial and lateral margins of the bone are larger than those in the center of the bone. Some branchiostegal rays are preserved in both lateral sides of GG 431/1 and in GG 431/15. They are long and seem to broaden in posterior direction.</p><p>Palatoquadrate arch (Figs. 8 A, B; 9A, B; 10A, B; Pls. 3D; 4B, C): The metapterygoid is almost completely preserved in GG 431/9a, it is large and subrectangular. The ventral margin of the bone seems to be slightly convex. The anterior portion of the bone is directed medially to meet the entopterygoid. The processus basalis forms the anterodorsal tip of the bone. The processus metapterygoideus lateralis is short but well defined. It arises from the anterodorsal margin of the metapterygoid and points dorsally. The quadrate is triangular, the posterodorsal margin is broad and slightly concave. The posteroventral process of the quadrate is narrow and much longer than the main body of the quadrate. The symplectic is elongate, it is narrow in its anterior portion and broadens posteriorly. The entopterygoid is large, it forms most of the ventral margin of the orbit. Several small teeth are present on the medial side of the entopterygoid. The ectopterygoid is elongate and narrow, it bears an articulation facet for the autopalatine anteriorly. The lateral surface of the bone is edentulous, but teeth may be present at its medial side. The autopalatine is large, it is as deep as the ectopterygiod. The posterior part of the bone is directed posterodorsally. The autopalatine seems to articulate with the ectopterygoid.</p><p>Upper jaw (Figs. 7 A–C; 8A, B; 9A, B; 10A, B; Pls. 3D; 4A–C): The upper jaw consists of premaxilla, maxilla and two supramaxillae. The premaxilla is large (in comparison with L. coryphaenoides) and bears a high ascending process. A single row of comparatively large, conical teeth is present on the oral margin of the bone. In specimen GG 431/1 at least 11 teeth are present on the right premaxilla. The maxilla is the largest bone of the upper jaw. It is long and reaches to the center of the quadrate. The maxilla is convex ventrally and concave dorsally. The articular process is well defined and resembles the length of the premaxilla, it is narrow and directed anteromedially. A prominent bony ridge is present along the lateral side of the anterior portion of the maxilla. The posterior part of the bone is smooth. Fifty-six conical teeth are preserved along the ventral margin of the left maxilla of GG 431/1 and 60 in GG 431/15, but several teeth are missing in both specimens. The former number of teeth must have been about 70. The teeth in the anterior part of the maxilla are slightly larger than these in the posterior part of the bone. The supramaxillae large. The anterior supramaxilla is fusiform with a sharp anterior tip. The posterior supramaxilla is slightly larger than the anterior one. A long, spine-like anterodorsal process arises from the center of the bone. It articulates with the dorsal margin of the anterior supramaxilla. The lateral surface of the posterior supramaxilla is ornamented with several longitudinal grooves and bony ridges.</p><p>Lower jaw (Figs. 7 A, B, 8, B; 9A, B; 10 A, B; Pls. 3D; 4A–C): The lateral aspect of the lower jaw is formed by the dentary and angular. Most of the ventral margin of the lower jaw is formed by the dentary. The oral margin of the dentary ascends gently in direction of the coronoid process. In GG 431/1, GG 431/9a and GG 431/16, the oral margin of the dentary possess a low, broad dorsal process. The “leptolepid” notch is present just anterior to the coronoid process, it is deep and narrow. The high and heavily ossified coronoid process is placed at about 50% of the length of the dentary. The dorsal margin of the bone is formed by the coronoid process and a long posteriodorsal process. The posterodorsal tip of the dentary almost reaches the quadrate. A single row of at least 12 comparatively large teeth are present at the oral margin of the dentary. The dentary teeth are conical and slightly curved in posterior direction. In GG 431/16, the dentary teeth posterior to the process on the oral margin of the dentary are thin and straight. The angular inserts in the space between the posterodorsal process and the ventral margin of the dentary. The lateral aspect of the bone is formed by a thin sheet of bone. The ventral portion of the angular is heavily ornamented with several grooves and ridges. The state of fusion of angular, articular and retroarticular remains unknown.</p><p>Orbital bones (Figs. 8 A–C; 9A, B; 10A, B; Pls. 1D; 3D; 4B, C): Two supraorbital bones are present. The anterior supraorbital is narrow and elongate and bears a sharp anterior tip. Anteriorly, the bone almost reaches infraorbital 1. The posterior supraorbital bone is preserved in GG 431/16. It is elongate, but much smaller than the anterior supraorbital. A very small, slightly dislocated bone is present in the olfactory region of GG 431/9b. It is flat and carries a sensory canal. In order to its shape and position, the bone is identified as the antorbital bone. Infraorbital 1 is a large bone, its anterior margin is deeper than the posterior margin. Infraorbital 2 is narrow and elongate, not much broader than its part of the infraorbital sensory canal. Infraorbital 3 is the largest bone of the series. It is rectangular and about as twice as broad as deep; its posterior margin reaches the preopercle. The ventral part of infraorbital 4 overlaps the anterodorsal part of infraorbital 3, it is about as broad as deep. Infraorbital 5 is subrectangular and about as large as infraorbital 4. The dermosphenotic is preserved in GG 431/8b and GG 431/ 16. It is large and articulates with infraorbital 5 ventrally. Its anteroventral margin is concave and the dorsal and posterior margins are convex. The anterior margin of the suborbital is covered by the infraorbitals 3 to 5, and its posterior margin overlaps the dorsal part of the preopercle. A notch is present in the posterior margin of the bone. An “accessory” suborbital bone is absent. The anterior and posterior sclerotic bones are preserved in GG 431/16. Both bones are semi-circular and apparently have formed a complete ring around the eye.</p><p>Opercular bones (Figs. 7 A, B; 8A, B; 9A, B; 10 A, B; Pls. 2E; 4A–C): The opercle, subopercle, interopercle and preopercle are preserved. The opercle is the largest bone of the series. It is is trapezoidal shaped. The anterior, ventral, and posterior margins are straight. The dorsal margin is medially directed and seems to be slightly convex. The anterior margin is formed by a bony ridge. The suborbital is large, its depth is about 2/3 of the opercle. It is evidently broader than the opercle. The ventral and posterior margins of the subopercle are convex. The preopercle is composed of a dorsal and a ventral limb, which form an angle of about 110°. The bone is expands in ventrally and posteriorly. Thus, it is deeper and broader than in other species of the genus. The dorsal limb narrows dorsally, its dorsal-most part is covered by the suborbital. There is no notch in the posterior margin of the preopercle. A small anterior process in the anterior margin of the preopercle is present in GG 431/1, GG 431/8b, GG 431/9a, and GG 431/15. The process is absent in NRM P 6483a and GG 431/16. A suprapreopercle was not observed. Most of the interopercle is covered by the preopercle, it seems to be as long and as deep as the ventral limb of the preopercle.</p><p>Sensory canal system (Figs. 7 A, B; 8A–C; 9A, B; 10A, B; Pls. 1D; 2E; 4B, C): All sensory canals run bone enclosed on the surface of the bones, with exception of the mandibular canal. The supraorbital runs along the parietals. Anteriorly, it continues on the nasal bones. Posteriorly, the infraorbital canal reaches up to the center of the postparietal, where it is continuous with the anterior pit line. The canal does not give off any tubules, but at least three pores are present in the dorsal surface of the posterior part of the canal of GG 431/1. The anterior pit line is continuous with the posterior opening of the supraorbital sensory canal, it is short and meets the posterior and middle pit lines near the posterior margin of the postparietal. The posterior pit line is short and runs medially. It ends close to the suture of both postparietals. The middle pit line is continuous with the posterior pit line. Which runs in laterally and reaches on the pterotic, where it runs in ventrally. Its length remains unknown due to poor preservation. The anterior-most part of the infraorbital canal was observed in the antorbital in GG 431/9b, the possible presence of tubules remains unknown. The infraorbital canal runs close to the dorsal margin of infraorbital 1. Five tubules are present in infraorbital 1, they end close to the ventral margin of the bone. There is no evidence of tubules leaving the canal in infraorbital 2. The canal continues near the anterodorsal and anterior margins of the infraorbitals 3 to 5. The canal gives off two to three tubules in infraorbital 3. A single tubule is bifurcate in infraorbital 3 in GG 431/8. Two or three short tubules are present in infraorbital 4. Tubules are absent in infraorbital 5 of GG 431/16, but a single tubule is present in the bone in GG 431/8. The infraorbital canal continues in the dermosphenotic where it splits in the anterior and posterior branch. The anterior branch seems to end at the anterior margin of the bone. Two tubules are present in the dermosphenotic of GG 431/8b and at least one in GG 431/16. The tubules are dorsally directed and seem to reach the dorsal margin of the bone. The posterior branch is short and is continuous with the otic canal. The opening of the canal is placed on the medial side of the dermosphenotic, in its posterior portion. The otic canal is poorly preserved in all specimens, it runs close to the ventral margin of the pterotic. The supratemporal canal is preserved in GG 431/16, it runs close to the anterior margin of the extrascapula and gives off at least three tubules. The posttemporal canal run close to the ventral margin of the posttemporal. A single, very short, dorsally directed tubule is present in GG 431/1. The canal continues in the supracleithrum where it runs posteroventrally. It leaves the bone at its posterior margin. The mandibular canal is best preserved in GG 431/9b. It runs within the bone close to the ventral margin of the dentary. Five pores are present in the mandibular canal, they are arranged with almost equal distances to each other. The canal continues within the ventral part of the angular. The posterior opening seems to be at the medial side of the bone. The preopercular canal runs close to the dorsal and anterior margins of the preopercle. The canal gives off 11 to 13 unbranched tubules. They run posteroventrally and posteriorly. With exception of the dorsal-most one or two tubules, these are directed posterodorsally. The distal tips of the tubules are broader than their proximal portions. Most of the tubules are very long and reach the ventral or posterior margins of the bone, or end very close to the margins of the preopercle. In specimen GG 431/9a and GG 431/15, the distal parts of some tubules in the ventral limb of the preopercle overlap the distal part of the subsequent tubule. The trunk canal is not preserved.</p><p>Vertebral column and associated bones (Pl. 4A–C): The total number of vertebrae as well as the numbers of abdominal and caudal vertebrae remain unknown due to poor preservation. The autocentra are longer than high, and are slightly constricted in the middle. The surface of the autocentra is smooth, without any ornamentation. In anterior/posterior view the autocentra are thin and ring-like, and do not or just slightly constrict the notochord. The parapophyses are fused to the centra ventrally. They are subtriangular and as long as their centra. A short process is present at the lateral margin of each parapophysis. The ribs are poorly preserved in the examined specimens. They are thin, slightly curved, and seem to end close to the ventral margin of the body. A single supraneural bone is preserved in GG 431/10. The bone is thin, elongate and seems to be straight. The number of supraneurals remains unknown. The abdominal neural arches are not fused to their centra in the juvenile specimen GG 431/10. The condition is unknown in adult individuals. Both halves of the abdominal neural spines are separate, whereas the caudal neural spines are fused. The hemal arches and spines are poorly preserved so not much is known about these bones.</p><p>Pectoral girdle and fin (Fig. 1A, Pl. 4A–C): The pectoral girdle is poor preserved in all examined specimens. The posttemporal, supracleithrum and cleithrum are preserved. The posttemporal consists of a well ossified dorsal limb and a thin ventral limb, which mainly carries the posttemporal canal. Most of the supracleithrum is covered by the opercle, the bone is comparatively broad and elongate. The cleithrum is composed of a narrow dorsal limb, which is oriented vertically; and a ventral, almost horizontal limb. The anterior tip of the ventral limb bends ventrally. A narrow, and elongate postcleithrum articulates with the cleithrum along its posterior margin, it is assumed to be the first postcleithrum. Other postcleithra are not preserved. Seventeen pectoral fin rays are preserved in GG 431/6, the first one is evidently broader than the others. The fin rays are segmented, and at least some of them are branched in their very distal portions.</p><p>Pelvic fin (Pl. 4A): The pelvic fin is placed at about 55% of standard length. The preservation of the pelvic girdle and fin in NRM P 6483 a, b and GG 431/10 is too poor to give a description.</p><p>Dorsal fin (Pl. 4A): The dorsal fin is placed at about 57% of standard length. The numbers of the pterygiophores and lepidotrichia remain unknown due to poor preservation. In NRM P 6483b (neotype), the first pterygiophore is formed of three processes which point anteroventrally. At least the two anterior processes are connected by a thin ossifiation.</p><p>Anal fin (Pl. 4A): The anal fin is poorly preserved in GG 431/10. It is placed at about 73% of standard length. The fin consists of at least one precurrent and ten principal lepidotrichia. The precurrent ray is significantly shorter than the principal rays. All principal anal rays are segmented and branched in their distal portions. The number and shape of the pterygiophores remains unknown.</p><p>Caudal skeleton and fin (Fig. 11, Pl. 4A): The description of the caudal skeleton is based in GG 431/10, a juvenile specimen. The ural and preural autocentra are poorly preserved. The fragments of the autocentra show that they were thin with smooth surfaces. The neural and hemal arches are not fused to the respective autocentra. At least the neural arches of preural centra 1 to 3 bear a sharp anterior process at their bases. The neural spine of preural centrum 3 is long, it ends close to the dorsal margin of the body. The neural spines form and angle of about 40° with the dorsal margin of the vertebra. The neural spine of preural vertebra 2 is not preserved. The neural spine of the first preural verebra is short, about as half as long as the spine of preural vertebra 3. The hemal spines of preural vertebrae 1 and 2 bear short anterior processes. Two ural vertebrae are present, both are poorly preserved so their exact shapes remain unknown. The first ural centrum is longer than the preural centra and supports two hypurals. Two neural spines are present in ural centrum 1+2. The anterior one is about as long as the neural spine of preural vertebra 1, whereas the posterior spine of ural centrum 1+2 is evidently shorter. The second ural centrum is evidently smaller than ural centrum 1+2. Nine hypurals are present. The first one is the largest bone of the series and bears a spine-like anterior process. Anterior processes are absent in the other hypurals. Hypural 1 and 2 are not fused at their bases. The hypurals decrease in size posteriorly. Three epurals are present. They are thin and elongate. The dorsal tips of the epurals are covered by the epaxial basal fulcra, so their length remain unknown. Seven uroneurals are present, all are elongate and the first three are slightly sigmoidal shaped. The anterior tip of the first uroneural is broken, so its length remains unknown. The first three uroneurals reach at least the anterior margin of the first ural centrum. Uroneurals 1 and 2 bear a thin membranous outgrowth at their anterodorsal margins. A single, plate-like dorsal caudal scute is present. The ventral caudal scute is incompletely preserved, so its size and shape remain unknown. Eight epaxial basal fulcra are present. The anterior ones are short, but their length increases posteriorly. An elongate fringing fulcrum is preserved in GG 431/10. The total number of fringing fulcra in the dorsal lobe remains unknown due to poor preservation. Fringing fulcra are absent in the ventral lobe of the caudal fin. There are 10+9 principal caudal rays. A short dorsal process is present in the proximal segment of principal ray 8. The proximal portion of the first segment of principal ray 10 is dorsally and ventrally expanded. Eight precurrent fin rays are present in the ventral lobe of the caudal fin. Six of them are segmented. The segmentation of all fin rays is straight or slightly sigmoidal. 'Urodermals' are not preserved.</p><p>Squamation (Pl. 4A): The body is covered with thin cycloid scales. Most of them show circular or oval outlines. In GG 431/10 the scales in the anterolateral part of the body are larger than the other scales. They are about as twice as high than broad, but also show circuli. The scales are devoid of ganoine.</p><p>Identification: The above described specimens are comparible with Leptolepis jaegeri sensu Nybelin (1974), particular based on the shapes of premaxilla, dentary, preopercle, and the presence of comparatively large, conical teeth on maxilla, premaxilla and dentary. The holotype of L. jaegeri is lost (Nybelin 1974; Maxwell, pers. comm.). Therefore, Nybelin (1974) designated NRM P 6483a, b as neotype. However, the neotype is poorly preserved and the assignment to L. jaegeri is apparently only based on “Its larger size and the locality (…)” (Nybelin 1974: 64). In the initial description L. jaegeri is described as: “Broader, larger, with larger scales.” (than L. “ bronni ”) (Agassiz 1832: 146, translated). The shape of the scales in the neotype is unknown due to the poor state of preservation of the specimen. Comparatively large scales were observed in the anterior part of the body of specimen GG 431/10. Thus, Nybelin´s assignment is most probably correct.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF89FF88FF7F68BEFA8FAA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
03DD8781FF82FF88FF7F6D36FB96AB49.text	03DD8781FF82FF88FF7F6D36FB96AB49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolepis undefined-1	<div><p>Leptolepis sp. 1</p><p>Figures 8 A, B; Plate 4E</p><p>Remark. The herein examined specimens GG 431/4, GG 431/17 and GG 431/18 show anatomical similarities to L. jaegeri concerning the shape of the maxilla, premaxilla and the dentition of these bones. The preopercle and the dentition of the dentary are different to those in the neotype of L. jaegeri (NRM P 6483a, b). We are not yet sure if these differences have to be interpreted as intraspecific variations of L. jaegeri or if the specimens represent another species. We will give a description in a separate contribution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781FF82FF88FF7F6D36FB96AB49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Konwert, Martin;Stumpf, Sebastian	Konwert, Martin, Stumpf, Sebastian (2017): Exceptionally preserved Leptolepidae (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the late Early Jurassic Fossil-Lagerstätten of Grimmen and Dobbertin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Zootaxa 4243 (2): 249-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.2.2
