identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDFF7FC37FC7C.text	03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDFF7FC37FC7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argas pusillus Kohls 1950	<div><p>Argas pusillus Kohls, 1950</p><p>This poorly studied bat tick occurs in the Australasian, Oriental and Palearctic Regions (Camicas et al. 1998). It was first described by Kohls (1950) from the Philippines and has since been recorded from the ceiling of a house in peninsular Malaysia (Audy et al. 1960), and from bats in Singapore (Leong et al. 2010) and Thailand (Uchikawa and Kobayashi 1978). Heath (2012) provides a table comparing the morphometrics of A. pusillus with other species from the Oriental and Australasian Regions.</p><p>Descriptions of the male and larva are available in Kohls (1950).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDFF7FC37FC7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDE8FFE6CFA3C.text	03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDE8FFE6CFA3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argas robertsi Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Kohls 1968	<div><p>Argas robertsi Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Kohls, 1968</p><p>This is a relatively well studied species occurring in the Australasian and Oriental Regions. It is a parasite predominantly of large non-passerine birds associated with aquatic environments, such as egrets, herons, storks and ibis, and occasionally poultry (Hoogstraal et al. 1968a, 1974; McKilligan 1987; Barker and Walker 2014). In Thailand, the most common host species is the open-billed stork ( Anastomus oscitans), with substantial collections coming from the Wat Phai Lom rookery in Pathum Thani Province, where the ticks are night active (Hoogstraal et al. 1974). This species was also collected in relatively high numbers from a black-crowned night heron ( Nycticorax nycticorax) rookery in Nakhon Nayok (Hoogstraal et al. 1974).</p><p>The life cycle was described by Hoogstraal et al. (1975). It shows considerable variation in the timing of the different stages, depending on the climatic conditions in the area from which the ticks come. It can be found throughout the year, usually under the bark of trees where the hosts nest (McKilligan 1987).</p><p>All life history stages of A. robertsi are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1968a), with an adult female illustrated in Hoogstraal et al. (1975).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDE8FFE6CFA3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDB55FD84F82B.text	03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDB55FD84F82B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argas vespertilionis (Latreille 1796)	<div><p>Argas vespertilionis (Latreille, 1796)</p><p>Argas vespertilionis has a very wide distribution, typical of tick species specializing on bats as hosts. It occurs throughout Europe and much of Asia and Africa, ranging from the UK to Japan and reaching as far south as India (Filippova 1966; Hoogstraal 1985a). It occurs in breeding as well as transient colonies of bats in habitats including attics, burrows, tree holes and caves (Siuda et al. 2009). In continental Southeast Asia it has been recorded from Cambodia (Borel 1928) and possibly from Vietnam (Hornok et al. 2017). Hornok et al. (2017) show that most morphological characters are not significantly different between A. vespertilionis larvae from Europe and those from Vietnam. Nevertheless, larvae from these areas could be easily separated using two mitochondrial genetic markers, suggesting that A. vespertilionis may represent a species complex, with Chinese specimens belonging to the European group (Hornok et al. 2017).</p><p>Descriptions of all life history stages are available in Hoogstraal (1958). The male, female and larva are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD4FFFB1EFCDB55FD84F82B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCD8DFFBA7F9F5.text	03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCD8DFFBA7F9F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma Koch 1844	<div><p>Amblyomma</p><p>Descriptions and keys for most species not previously belonging to the genus Aponomma are available in Robinson (1926), Anastos (1950), Yamaguti et al. (1971) and Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCD8DFFBA7F9F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCDDA7FC46FDE4.text	03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCDDA7FC46FDE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ornithodoros batuensis Hirst 1929	<div><p>Ornithodoros batuensis Hirst, 1929</p><p>This bat parasite was described from an adult and a nymph collected in the Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia (Hirst 1929), where it was later found in considerable numbers crawling near cave nectar bats ( Eonycteris spelaea) (Audy et al. 1960). It has since been found in Thailand as well as Indonesia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea (Uchikawa and Kobayashi 1978; Klompen et al. 1995).</p><p>The description of an adult by Hirst (1929) is extremely brief. A key to the larvae of the then known Ornithodoros from the Eastern Hemisphere is provided by Sonenshine et al. (1966). Dumbleton (1958) provides illustrations of larval chaetotaxy, some larval morphology and the Haller’s organ of the adults. Klompen et al. (1995) provide a map of the distribution of O. batuensis and related species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCDDA7FC46FDE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCDFF7FF43FA8C.text	03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCDFF7FF43FA8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ornithodoros capensis Neumann 1901	<div><p>Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, 1901</p><p>Ornithodoros capensis has a worldwide distribution as a parasite of marine and other water birds, occurring on islands and in other coastal habitats in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as some inland waters (Hoogstraal et al. 1976; Barker and Walker 2014). It is part of a complex containing 11 species that can be found predominantly on these hosts (Keirans et al. 1992; Barker and Walker 2014; Duron et al. 2014; Muñoz-Leal et al. 2017). It will also feed on domestic poultry and humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1976; Barker and Walker 2014).</p><p>Dupraz et al. (2016) found a strong relationship between the genetic grouping within the O. capensis complex and host use in sympatric as well as allopatric populations. Geographic distance played a secondary role. These authors also discovered several novel genetic groups which they consider to be presumptive new species within this complex. The host-associated genetic divergence correlated well with morphological variation.</p><p>Continental Southeast Asian records of O. capensis are from Laridae, Sterna spp., in Thailand (coastal Chon Buri Province, Sattahip District) (Tanskul et al. 1983). These ticks tend to remain in the nesting places of their hosts outside the breeding season, allowing them to reinfest the hosts when they return to nest (Humphery-Smith and Moorhouse 1980). Heath (2006) provides some information on the life cycle and rearing of O. capensis on domestic chickens.</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971). Muñoz-Leal et al. (2017) describe the morphology of the larvae and provide micrographs. Larvae of this species are included in the key to species from the Eastern Hemisphere by Sonenshine et al. (1966). Some information on the adults is available in Kohls (1957).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD5FFFA1EFCDFF7FF43FA8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD5FFF91EFCDB05FDEAFEBB.text	03DD87C4FFD5FFF91EFCDB05FDEAFEBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma babirussae Schulze 1933	<div><p>Amblyomma babirussae Schulze, 1933</p><p>This is usually recorded as a species from montane rainforests in Sulawesi (Indonesia), where adults occur on artiodactyls and immatures on rodents (Keirans and Robbins 1987; Petney and Keirans 1995; Guglielmone et al. 2014); however, there is a recent record from Thailand (Cornet et al. 2009). Unfortunately, these latter authors do not supply information on the number, life history stages or hosts of the specimens collected, and some of the literature used for identification is out of date. Confirmation of the presence of this species in continental Southeast Asia is required before its establishment can be definitely determined. It has been found from sea level to ca. 1,800 m throughout the year (Keirans and Robbins 1987). Humans can also be attacked (Keirans and Robbins 1987; Durden and Page 1991).</p><p>Durden and Keirans (1996) list this species as potentially endangered because one of its principal hosts, the wild pig Babyrousa celebensis (frequently listed as B. babyrussa, however this taxon has been divided into three separate species; Meijaard and Groves 2002a, b), is listed as threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.</p><p>All life history stages of this species are described in Keirans and Robbins (1987), and the male, female and nymph by Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD5FFF91EFCDB05FDEAFEBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDCCEFBEEFC7B.text	03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDCCEFBEEFC7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma breviscutatum Neumann 1899	<div><p>Amblyomma breviscutatum Neumann, 1899</p><p>In the past this species has frequently been referred to as A. cyprium, which is a junior synonym because it was described in the same publication ( Neumann 1899) but A. breviscutatum has page priority (Guglielmone et al. 2009).</p><p>Amblyomma breviscutatum is widely distributed in the Australasian (including Australia and New Guinea) and Oriental Zoogeographic Regions, including some Pacific islands, where it occurs in moist broadleaf forest habitats (Robinson 1926 as A. cyprium, Petney and Keirans 1995; Barker and Walker 2014; Guglielmone et al. 2014). Within its broader range it is a relatively common species known from a wide variety of reptile, bird and mammal hosts (Petney and Keirans 1996; Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>Within continental Southeast Asia, A. breviscutatum is known only from Thailand (Tanskul et al. 1983). The record from Malaysia by Neumann (1911) is doubtful as it has not been found there since that time (Kohls 1957; Audy et al. 1960).</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDCCEFBEEFC7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDE8EFC09FB1B.text	03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDE8EFC09FB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann 1899	<div><p>Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann, 1899</p><p>This is an Oriental species, mainly from South Asia, found predominantly on tortoises in moist broadleaf forests (Guglielmone et al. 2009). It has been recorded from west-central Myanmar on the Burmese star tortoise, Geochelone platynota, and the yellow tortoise, Indotestudo elongata (Robbins and Platt 2000) .</p><p>The male and female are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDE8EFC09FB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCD86EFBAAF9D7.text	03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCD86EFBAAF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann 1899	<div><p>Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann, 1899</p><p>This species, which is relatively rare, is found in moist broadleaf forests in the Australasian and Oriental Regions (Petney and Keirans 1995; Guglielmone et al. 2014). It occurs on numerous reptile and mammal hosts (Audy et al. 1960). Within continental Southeast Asia, it has been reported from peninsular Malaysia (Audy et al. 1960) and Thailand (Anastos 1950). Parthenogenetic reproduction has also been reported (Ho and Ismail 1984).</p><p>The female, nymph and larva are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCD86EFBAAF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDB22FCD4F8AF.text	03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDB22FCD4F8AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma crassipes (Neumann 1901) Neumann 1901	<div><p>Amblyomma crassipes (Neumann, 1901)</p><p>This species is found in a variety of ecoregions, but primarily in moist broadleaf forests where it parasitizes reptiles and, to a lesser extent, mammals (Roubaud and Colas-Belcour 1935; Toumanoff 1944; Guglielmone et al. 2014) in Lao PDR and Thailand (Kaufman 1972). Grokhovskaya and Hoe (1968) record large numbers collected from a ram in Khadong, Vietnam, but this is doubtful based on the host preferences of this species.</p><p>The male and female are described and illustrated in Kaufman (1972, as Aponomma crassipes). Descriptions of the nymph and larva are in Roubaud and Colas-Belcour (1935).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD6FFF91EFCDB22FCD4F8AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDDEEFC09FE57.text	03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDDEEFC09FE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma crenatum Neumann 1899	<div><p>Amblyomma crenatum Neumann, 1899</p><p>This is a rare species which is host specific for the Javan rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus (Bequaert 1933; Kraneveld and Keidel 1956; Kohls 1957). It is considered endangered because it is confined to a critically endangered host (Durden and Keirans 1996; van Strien et al. 2008). It has been recorded from peninsular Malaysia (Kohls 1957; Petney and Keirans 1995).</p><p>The male and female are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDDEEFC09FE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDCA2FC3BFC5F.text	03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDCA2FC3BFC5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma fimbriatum Koch 1844	<div><p>Amblyomma fimbriatum Koch, 1844</p><p>This species occurs in the Australasian and Oriental Regions, but its distribution appears to be disjunct as it is also found in the eastern island countries of Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Borneo, Celebes), and in Irian Jaya and New Guinea through to southern Victoria and Western Australia, as well as in the Solomon and Admiralty Islands (Anastos 1950; Kohls 1950, 1957; Roberts 1970; Kaufman 1972; Petney and Keirans 1996b). It has also been recorded from peninsular Malaysia (as Aponomma fimbriatum, Petney and Keirans 1996b). This species therefore requires revision. It is predominantly a parasite of reptiles but has on occasion been found on birds and mammals (Petney and Keirans 1996b).</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described in Roberts (1970, as Aponomma fimbriatum). Voltzit &amp; Keirans (2002) treat A. fimbriatum (usually considered eyeless and with one spur on coxa I) as a synonym of A. helvolum (with eyes and two spurs on coxa I) without any further elaboration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDCA2FC3BFC5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDEAAFEA6FAA7.text	03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDEAAFEA6FAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma geoemydae (Cantor 1847)	<div><p>Amblyomma geoemydae (Cantor, 1847)</p><p>This species has been recorded from the Oriental and eastern Palearctic Regions where it is predominantly a parasite of tortoises, although there are occasional records from other reptiles, birds and mammals (Hoogstraal and Aeschlimann 1982; Kakuda et al. 1989; Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>In continental Southeast Asia, Am. geoemydae has been reported from Cambodia (Kolonin 2009), peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam ( Neumann 1908; Wilson 1966; Hoogstraal et al. 1968b, 1972b; Tanskul et al. 1983; Kolonin 1992; Petney and Keirans 1996b; Robbins &amp; Platt 2011). Frazier and Keirans (1990) consider it likely that this species is distributed on a variety of tortoise and lizard species from India and across Myanmar in addition to its known range. Nadchatram (1960) provides information on rearing this species using Malaysian specimens.</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002) and illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCDEAAFEA6FAA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCD8B2FCA7F93F.text	03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCD8B2FCA7F93F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma gervaisi (Lucas 1847)	<div><p>Amblyomma gervaisi (Lucas, 1847)</p><p>Amblyomma gervaisi is found predominantly in broadleaf forests, as well as in desert and xeric shrublands. It has been recorded from Thailand and Vietnam (Kolonin 2009). It is a parasite of snakes and lizards, with occasional records from birds and mammals. This species can reach high prevalences on captive snakes (Catherine et al. 2017a), causing pathological changes to the host’s skin (Catherine et al. 2017b).</p><p>The male and female are described and illustrated in Kaufman (1972, as Aponomma gervaisi). The nymph is described in Neumann (1899) . The larva is undescribed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD7FFF81EFCD8B2FCA7F93F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFD7FFE71EFCDA5FFC54FEC3.text	03DD87C4FFD7FFE71EFCDA5FFC54FEC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma helvolum Koch 1844	<div><p>Amblyomma helvolum Koch, 1844</p><p>An Australasian and Oriental tick, this species is found most commonly in montane rainforests. It is a parasite of large lizards and snakes, with rare records from tortoises and mammals (Anastos 1950; Auffenberg 1988; Hoogstraal and Aeschlimann 1982). Burridge (2011) lists A. helvolum as feeding on humans, but Guglielmone et al. (2014) tentatively reject this as no confirmation was found.</p><p>Amblyomma helvolum is a small tick that is widely distributed throughout much of Southeast Asia. On the continent, it has been reported from Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (Kohls 1957; Hoogstraal et al. 1968b; Petney and Keirans 1996b). The male, female and nymph are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFD7FFE71EFCDA5FFC54FEC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDC16FB40FD13.text	03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDC16FB40FD13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma javanense (Supino 1897)	<div><p>Amblyomma javanense (Supino, 1897)</p><p>This species, which is found over much of the Oriental Region, including Cambodia, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1968a; Keirans 1985; Petney and Keirans 1996b), is relatively host specific for pangolins (Hoogstraal and Aeschlimann 1982), although it has also been rarely recorded from other mammals and reptiles. It occurs in those habitats occupied by its dominant host species. Hassan et al. (2013) reported high prevalences (mean 68.8%) and intensities (mean 42.6) of parasitism by A. javanense in a sample of 15 Manis javanica (Sunda pangolin) from peninsular Malaysia.</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002). Voltzit &amp; Keirans (2002) describe the nymph as having dentition 2/2 but the corresponding figure (14c) shows dentition 3/3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDC16FB40FD13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDE66FE82FBA3.text	03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDE66FE82FBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma nitidum Hirst and Hirst 1910	<div><p>Amblyomma nitidum Hirst and Hirst, 1910</p><p>Amblyomma nitidum is a rare species found only on sea snakes of the genus Laticauda, which occur in the western Pacific Ocean and the Andaman Islands of the Indian Ocean. In continental Southeast Asia, A. nitidum has been reported from peninsular Malaysia (Audy et al. 1960, Singapore). Audy et al. (1960) point out that sea snakes, being nocturnal, rest during the day in compact groups in mangrove treeholes or in rock crevices out of the water, suggesting that these may be detachment/moulting habitats for this tick. Petney and Keirans (1996b) also cite records from mangrove habitats and provide a detailed discussion of the taxonomic history of this species.</p><p>The male, female and larva are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002). The female is illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDE66FE82FBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCD9B6FB2DF9F2.text	03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCD9B6FB2DF9F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma pattoni (Neumann 1910) Neumann 1910	<div><p>Amblyomma pattoni (Neumann, 1910)</p><p>This is a lizard and snake parasite in the Oriental Region, with rare records from mammals and birds. It is found in moist broadleaf forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). Amblyomma pattoni has been recorded mainly from snakes, although records from a varanid lizard and from a mongoose ( Herpestes auropunctatus) also exist (Petney and Keirans 1996b). Amblyomma pattoni appears to have a disjunct distribution: India and Sri Lanka in South Asia, and Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and southern China (as Aponomma pseudolaeve in Teng and Jiang 1991; Petney and Keirans 1996b) in Southeast Asia.</p><p>The male and female are described and illustrated in Kaufman (1972, as Aponomma pattoni). The nymph is briefly described in Schulze (1935), as Aponomma pseudolaeve . The larva is undescribed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCD9B6FB2DF9F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDB06FC54F8F7.text	03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDB06FC54F8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma supinoi Neumann 1904	<div><p>Amblyomma supinoi Neumann, 1904</p><p>This is a tortoise parasite, with exceptional records from mammals. It is confined to the Oriental Region and has been recorded from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Petney and Keirans 1996; Robbins and Platt 2001). The male, female and nymph are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC8FFE71EFCDB06FC54F8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC8FFE61EFCDA08FBEEFD5B.text	03DD87C4FFC8FFE61EFCDA08FBEEFD5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma testudinarium Koch 1844	<div><p>Amblyomma testudinarium Koch, 1844</p><p>Amblyomma testudinarium is a common species with a broad host range, including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. It has been reported from the Australasian, Oriental and Palearctic Regions in dry broadleaf forests (Petney and Keirans 1995; Guglielmone et al. 2014). In continental Southeast Asia it has been recorded from Cambodia, Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Kohls 1957; Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Kolonin 1992; Petney and Keirans 1995). It has a very broad host spectrum, with adults commonly attached to large mammals, including wild pigs, which appear to be the most important hosts, as well as other wild ungulates and domestic stock. Additional hosts include carnivores, pangolins, tortoises, monitor lizards and pythons (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Petney and Keirans 1995; Grassman et al. 2004). Immatures have been reported from a variety of reptiles, birds and predominantly small to medium-sized mammals, and there is a report from a narrowmouthed frog ( Microhylidae) (Kolonin 2009; Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>There are numerous records of human infestation (Audy et al. 1960; Yamaguti et al. 1971; Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Yamada et al. 1996; Isohisa et al. 2011; Yamauchi et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2014). Nakao et al. (2017) report two cases of A. testudinarium in the external auditory canal.</p><p>Fujisaki et a1. (1976) provide data on a laboratory colony of this species. Chao et al. (2017) provide information on the morphological and molecular identification of this species.</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are described in Voltzit and Keirans (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC8FFE61EFCDA08FBEEFD5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC9FFE61EFCDFAEFBC1FC33.text	03DD87C4FFC9FFE61EFCDFAEFBC1FC33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma trimaculatum (Lucas 1878)	<div><p>Amblyomma trimaculatum (Lucas, 1878)</p><p>This species has been reported from the Australasian and Oriental Regions, where the usual hosts are varanid lizards in moist broadleaf forests. It has rarely been found on other lizard and snake species. Its main area of distribution is insular Southeast Asia, including the southern Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea and northern Queensland, Australia (Roberts 1970; Kaufman 1972). Thailand is the only country in continental Southeast Asia from which A. trimaculatum has been recorded (Petney and Keirans 1996b).</p><p>The male and female are described in Roberts (1970, as Aponomma trimaculatum).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC9FFE61EFCDFAEFBC1FC33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC9FFE61EFCD946FC1BFA3B.text	03DD87C4FFC9FFE61EFCD946FC1BFA3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma varanense (Supino 1897)	<div><p>Amblyomma varanense (Supino, 1897)</p><p>This Australasian and Oriental species predominantly parasitizes lizards and snakes in moist broadleaf forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). Tortoises and mammals have also been reported as hosts on rare occasions. For the complex synonymy see Petney and Keirans (1996b).</p><p>Amblyomma varanense is common and widespread throughout continental Southeast Asia, also occurring in China, the Penghu Islands (Taiwan), India, Nepal and Sri Lanka (Kaufman 1972; Teng and Jiang 1991 as Aponomma lucasi and Aponomma barbouri; Petney and Keirans 1996b, Robbins 1996 as Aponomma varanensis; Pun et al. 2018). It has been recorded as an accidental parasite of various wild and domestic mammal hosts (Kaufman 1972).</p><p>The male and female are described and illustrated in Kaufman (1972, as Aponomma varanensis). The nymph and larva are described in Sharif (1928), as Aponomma gervaisi lucasi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC9FFE61EFCD946FC1BFA3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC9FFE51EFCDB4EFB01FF27.text	03DD87C4FFC9FFE51EFCDB4EFB01FF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor Koch 1844	<div><p>Dermacentor</p><p>The Southeast Asian Dermacentor were classified into the subgenus Indocentor by Schulze (1933b). Major revisions of this genus were carried out by Hoogstraal and Wassef in the 1980s. More recently, additional substantial studies have been undertaken by D. and M. Apanaskevich, including the first description of the immatures of D. compactus (Apanaskevich 2016), the resurrection of D. bellulus (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015c) and the description of 5 new species (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015a, b, 2016). Identifications prior to these studies should be considered potentially incorrect based on our current knowledge. However, much additional research is needed, especially molecular genetic analyses, formal morphometric analyses and assortative mating experiments, which would be helpful in confirming current species designations and clarifying their taxonomic and systematic status.</p><p>Dermacentor was the genus most commonly associated with intra-aural infestation in humans (otoacariasis) (99.7%) in Malaysia (Mariana et al. 2008b). Although four species of Dermacentor have been found in Malaysia, only three species were involved: D. atrosignatus, D. compactus and D. steini, with the first mentioned being the most frequently extracted. The fourth species, D. auratus, was not found in such infestations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC9FFE51EFCDB4EFB01FF27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCDC35FBD4FD12.text	03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCDC35FBD4FD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor atrosignatus Neumann 1906	<div><p>Dermacentor atrosignatus Neumann, 1906</p><p>This is a tick found in rainforest habitats in the Australasian and Oriental Regions (Guglielmone et al. 2014). The adults, as with all Dermacentor spp. from continental Southeast Asia, are predominantly parasites of wild pigs (Sus spp.), although they have also occasionally been found on domestic pigs, buffalo, Malayan sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus), dogs and pangolins (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1985b). Most records of D. atrosignatus biting humans in Mariana et al. (2008b) are due to hundreds of nymphs, a few larvae and adult ticks. The diagnosis of nymphs and larvae require confirmation because the immature stages of D. atrosignatus remain undescribed. Dermacentor atrosignatus has been reported from peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in continental Southeast Asia (Tanskul et al. 1983; Hoogstraal and Wassef 1985b; Parola et al. 2003a).</p><p>Descriptions of the male and female are available in Wassef and Hoogstraal (1984b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCDC35FBD4FD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCDE59FBD6FAEF.text	03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCDE59FBD6FAEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor auratus Supino 1897	<div><p>Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897</p><p>This is an Oriental Region species found in moist broadleaf forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). The adults infest wild pigs (Sus spp.), with occasional records from humans, Indian rhinoceros, domestic pigs and python. Nymphs occur on squirrels, small and large carnivores, porcupine, other rodents, monkeys and wild hens (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1985a). This is the most widely distributed Asian Dermacentor species (Petney and Keirans 1996a). It has been reported from Cambodia, Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1985a; Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015b). Males and females were redescribed by Wassef and Hoogstraal (1984a) and the life history of an Indian population under laboratory conditions was described by Bhat et al. (1974b). The mark-release studies of Lim (1973) on “ D. auratus ”, although useful, are unclear with respect to the Dermacentor species involved (classified as wide spur and closed spur species). They do show that survival can be quite long-term, with ca. 25% recaptures 9 months after release. Horizontal movement was substantial, with some specimens being found 100 m from their point of release, although most specimens moved much less. Vertically, they could be found up to about 2 m above the ground, but usually less than 50 cm.</p><p>Descriptions of the male and female are available in Wassef and Hoogstraal (1984a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCDE59FBD6FAEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCD8FDFB5FF892.text	03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCD8FDFB5FF892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor bellulus (Schulze 1935)	<div><p>Dermacentor bellulus (Schulze, 1935)</p><p>This species, originally described by Schulze (1935), has been variously synonymized ( D. atrosignatus Sugimoto 1937, D. auratus Teng and Jiang 1991, and D. taiwanensis Camicas et al. 1998) (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015c). All life history stages were redescribed by Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015c). Unlike many of the newly described species, a good deal of host and locality data are available for this species (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015c). Dermacentor bellulus is known from China, Japan and Nepal, as well as from Lao PDR and Vietnam in continental Southeast Asia (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015c; Vongphayloth et al. 2018b). Most collections of adults come from wild pigs (Sus scrofa), while immatures have been recovered from small to medium-sized mammals of the families Canidae, Leporidae, Muridae, Mustelidae and Tupaiidae, as well as from a partridge (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015c). All life history stages have been collected during most months of the year.</p><p>Descriptions of all life history stages are available in Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCAFFE51EFCD8FDFB5FF892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCDDE1FE25FDBF.text	03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCDDE1FE25FDBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor compactus (Apanaskevich 2016) Neumann 1901	<div><p>Dermacentor compactus Neumann, 1901</p><p>Dermacentor compactus occurs commonly and predominantly on wild pigs. Occasional hosts include humans, dogs, porcupine, tiger, pangolin, python and buffalo (Wassef and Hoogstraal 1983; Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984). The immatures are found on a wide variety of small and medium-sized mammals ( Canidae, Muridae, Sciuridae), but chiefly squirrels (Apanaskevich 2016). There is also one record from a python (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984). Most records of D. compactus biting humans in Mariana et al. (2008b) are due to numerous nymphs, a few larvae and adult ticks. The diagnosis of nymphs and larvae requires confirmation because the larva and nymph of D. compactus were only described in 2016. Dermacentor compactus occurs in peninsular Malaysia and in Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984; Kolonin 1992; Apanaskevich 2016; Vongphayloth et al. 2018b).</p><p>For a description of the male and female, see Wassef and Hoogstraal (1983), and for the nymph and larva, Apanaskevich (2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCDDE1FE25FDBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCDFCDFAA9FC17.text	03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCDFCDFAA9FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor filippovae Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015	<div><p>Dermacentor filippovae Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich, 2015</p><p>This recently described species has previously been confused with D. auratus and D. compactus (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015a). To date it is known from Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam, where it is predominantly a parasite of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015a; Vongphayloth et al. 2018b). Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015a) suggest that collections from Cambodia could bridge the gap between Thailand and Vietnam.</p><p>The male and female of D. filippovae are described in Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCDFCDFAA9FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCD965FAA7FA8A.text	03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCD965FAA7FA8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor limbooliati Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015	<div><p>Dermacentor limbooliati Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich, 2015</p><p>This recently described species has been found in peninsular Malaysia and Vietnam (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015b). As with D. filippovae and D. tamokensis, collections in other continental Southeast Asian countries are likely to bridge the gap in its disjunct distribution. Most adults were collected from vegetation, with one sample from a wild pig (Sus scrofa) resting place. Adults probably use wild pigs as hosts; the immatures are unknown (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015b). Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015b) indicate that a female was collected from a human, without stating whether it was attached.</p><p>The male and female of D. limbooliati are described in Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCD965FAA7FA8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCD8D1FC70F962.text	03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCD8D1FC70F962.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor steini (Schulze 1933)	<div><p>Dermacentor steini (Schulze, 1933)</p><p>This is a rainforest species found in the Australasian and Oriental Regions (Guglielmone et al. 2014). Adults parasitize wild pigs (Sus spp.), with occasional records from humans, rodents, carnivores, pangolin, porcupine, tapir, mouse deer, buffalo, snakes and varanid lizards (Wassef and Hoogstraal 1988). Dermacentor steini occurs in Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1988; Kolonin 1992; Vongphayloth et al. 2018b).</p><p>The male and female are described in Wassef and Hoogstraal (1986b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCBFFE41EFCD8D1FC70F962	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCBFFE31EFCDA69FB44FE72.text	03DD87C4FFCBFFE31EFCDA69FB44FE72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto 1935	<div><p>Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto, 1935</p><p>This species has been recorded from East and Southeast Asian evergreen forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). It is a parasite of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). Immatures are frequently found on small to medium-sized mammals, especially rodents, with one record from a bird (Kitaoka and Suzuki 1981; Hoogstraal et al. 1986). Dermacentor taiwanensis has rarely been reported from humans (Yano et al. 1993; de la Fuente et al. 2008) and these specimens may have been confused with D. bellulus . Dermacentor taiwanensis has been recorded from Vietnam (Kolonin 1992), but records from peninsular Malaysia (Mariana et al. 2005, 2008a) are considered doubtful due to similarities with the newly redescribed D. bellulus and the newly described D. tamokensis (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2015b, c, 2016).</p><p>Wassef and Hoogstraal (1986a) described the male and female, and Kitaoka and Suzuki (1981) the immature stages. However, the descriptions of the larva and nymph of D. taiwanensis in Kitaoka &amp; Suzuki (1981) are considered to be the first descriptions of the larva and nymph of D. bellulus according to Apanaskevich &amp; Apanaskevich (2015c). Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2015b) redescribed the male and female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCBFFE31EFCDA69FB44FE72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCDF79FAA8FCE7.text	03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCDF79FAA8FCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dermacentor tamokensis Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2016	<div><p>Dermacentor tamokensis Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich, 2016</p><p>This is a relatively widespread species, ranging from China to Nepal and including peninsular Malaysia, Lao PDR and Vietnam (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2016; Vongphayloth et al. 2018b). These authors indicate that the currently recognized disjunct distribution is probably artificial, and collections from Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar could show its presence in those countries. Hosts of adults are wild pigs (Sus scrofa); the immatures are unknown. Collections from porcine hosts, as well as from vegetation, indicate that this species is active throughout the year (Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich 2016).</p><p>The male and female of D. tamokensis are described in Apanaskevich and Apanaskevich (2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCDF79FAA8FCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCD9FFFC3DF9F4.text	03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCD9FFFC3DF9F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton 1913	<div><p>Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton, 1913</p><p>This species is relatively widely distributed in the Oriental Region, ranging from India and Nepal eastward to Vietnam and Cambodia, including Myanmar, Lao PDR (tentative) and Thailand (Hoogstraal et al. 1971b; Kolonin 2009; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011; Vongphayloth et al. 2016). To date, it has not been recorded from peninsular Malaysia. Hosts of adults include large carnivores, deer, porcupine and wild pigs, as well as cattle-yak hybrids (Hoogstraal et al. 1971b). Immatures have been recorded from ground-feeding birds, porcupines, water buffalo, domestic fowl, wild pigs, tree shrews and the hog badger ( Arctonyx collaris) (Hoogstraal et al. 1971b; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011). Haemaphysalis aborensis is usually found between sea level and 500 m, with Hoogstraal et al. (1971b) recording collection localities up to 1,500 m. This is a wet, tropical, evergreen forest dwelling species (Hoogstraal et al. 1971b).</p><p>All life history stages are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1971b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCD9FFFC3DF9F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCDEF5FC96FBEC.text	03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCDEF5FC96FBEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis Koch 1844	<div><p>Haemaphysalis</p><p>Although the key of Tanskul and Inlao (1989) is a useful guide for this genus, it is incomplete for continental Southeast Asia and is sometimes difficult to interpret. Researchers are advised to consult the primary literature before using this key to determine the identity of specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCCFFE31EFCDEF5FC96FBEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCCFFE21EFCDB07FF5FFEC3.text	03DD87C4FFCCFFE21EFCDB07FF5FFEC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis anomala Warburton 1913	<div><p>Haemaphysalis anomala Warburton, 1913</p><p>Haemaphysalis anomala occurs in elevated areas ranging from 240 m to 1,220 m above sea level, and in an arc from the hills of Bihar and Assam through southern Nepal and the mountains of northwestern Thailand into Cambodia and Vietnam; it also occurs in Sri Lanka (Hoogstraal et al. 1967, 1972a). The hosts of adults include carnivores, artiodactyl mammals (cattle, water buffalo and goats), rats and humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1972a). The immatures were described by Hoogstraal et al. (1972a) from greater coucal ( Centropus sinensis) and Rattus spp. Limited data from northern India suggest that adults are active during the June to September monsoon period and immatures pre- and post-monsoon (Hoogstraal et al. 1972a). This species appears to have withstood the change from forest to agricultural habitat by adapting to cattle and buffalo as hosts in what was previously moist deciduous forest above 240 m in northern India (Hoogstraal et al. 1972a). These authors also provide laboratory data on the life cycle of an Indian population of this species.</p><p>The male and female are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1967), the immature stages in Hoogstraal et al. (1972a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCCFFE21EFCDB07FF5FFEC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDC16FB28FD12.text	03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDC16FB28FD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis asiatica (Supino 1897)	<div><p>Haemaphysalis asiatica (Supino, 1897)</p><p>This is an Oriental species found in tropical and subtropical forests from southern China through Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (as well as Borneo) (Hoogstraal and Trapido 1966a; Saito et al. 1971; Robbins et al. 1997). It is found in humid forests from sea level to 2,100 m. Hosts of adults include small to large carnivores, especially members of the Viverridae (Hoogstraal and Trapido 1966a; Grassman et al. 2004). Immatures have been found on the common tree shrew ( Tupaia glis), Berdmore’s ground squirrel ( Menetes berdmorei) (nymphs) and Rattus sp. (larvae), as well as various wild carnivores (Saito et al. 1971; Grassman et al. 2004).</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are described in Hoogstraal and Trapido (1966a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDC16FB28FD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDE66FC3FFB87.text	03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDE66FC3FFB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis atheruri Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls 1965	<div><p>Haemaphysalis atheruri Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1965</p><p>This is an Oriental forest species that is relatively host-specific for the Asiatic brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus macrourus) from which it was originally described based on specimens from peninsular Malaysia and northeastern Thailand (Hoogstraal et al. 1965a). It has since been recorded from Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam (Kolonin 1995, 2009). All life history stages have been found on A. macrourus, and records indicate that it can occur at up to 2,100 m above sea level (Hoogstraal et al. 1965a). It has occasionally been recorded on tree shrews and dogs (Tanskul et al. 1983; Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>All life history stages are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1965a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDE66FC3FFB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCD9D2FC6EF9F0.text	03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCD9D2FC6EF9F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis bandicota Hoogstraal and Kohls 1965	<div><p>Haemaphysalis bandicota Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1965</p><p>This species has been recorded from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, as well as from Taiwan, where it may have been introduced by the Dutch in the 16 th century on its dominant hosts (Hoogstraal and Kohls 1965; Robbins 2005). These are bandicoot rats ( Bandicota spp.), although Ha. bandicota has also been found on other rodent species, carnivores, shrews, tree shrews and a zebu cow (Hoogstraal and Kohls 1965; Kolonin 2009; Kuo et al. 2015). Because members of the genus Bandicota occur throughout continental Southeast Asia, it is likely that the known distribution of Ha. bandicota will increase as more collections become available. The three continental Southeast Asian Bandicota species are all synanthropic (Francis 2008), suggesting that Ha. bandicota may come into contact with humans.</p><p>All life history stages are described in Hoogstraal and Kohls (1965).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCD9D2FC6EF9F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDBFBFF5FF864.text	03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDBFBFF5FF864.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis birmaniae Supino 1897	<div><p>Haemaphysalis birmaniae Supino, 1897</p><p>Haemaphysalis birmaniae is poorly known. It has been recorded from altitudes between 150 m and 2,400 m, but most commonly above 1,000 m. Both adults and immatures occur on wild and domestic artiodactyls (Hoogstraal 1970a; Yin and Luo 2007). A nymph was found feeding on a human in Kathmandu, Nepal (Hoogstraal 1970a). It is known from peninsular Malaysia and Myanmar, as well as from India, Nepal and southern China including Taiwan (Hoogstraal 1970a; Chen et al. 2010).</p><p>The type male and female are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1965a), all life history stages in Hoogstraal (1970a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCDFFE21EFCDBFBFF5FF864	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCDDEEFD2EFD13.text	03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCDDEEFD2EFD13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann 1897	<div><p>Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897</p><p>Historically, Ha. bispinosa has been used as a catch-all for several species of the subgenus Kaiseriana in Southeast Asia (Hoogstraal and Trapido 1966b; Hoogstraal et al. 1968c, who discuss the confusion between Ha. bispinosa and Ha. longicornis of temperate China, Japan, Russia, Korea, New Zealand and Australia, as well as some Pacific Islands). Haemaphysalis bispinosa sensu stricto is now known to be widely distributed in Sri Lanka, India, the lower elevations of Nepal and parts of Pakistan, Bangladesh, China and Japan (Hoogstraal et al. 1968c; Chen et al. 2010). In Southeast Asia it is thought to have been introduced to western Myanmar, peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Hoogstraal et al. 1969), as well as Thailand (Tanskul and Inlao 1989). It parasitizes a variety of wild and domestic birds and mammals in its natural habitats (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b). In those areas to which it has been introduced it is seldom reported to feed on wild animals, being largely restricted to domestic stock (Hoogstraal 1985b). Haemaphysalis bispinosa nymphs can be parasitized by Hunterellus sagarensis ( Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitoid wasps (Geevarghese and Sreenivasan 1973; Geevarghese and Dhanda 1983).</p><p>The female neotype is described by Hoogstraal and Trapido (1966b). Trapido et al. (1964b) illustrate the larval capitulum and the nymphal capitulum, coxae and trochanters. Lim et al. (2017) describe the initiation of primary cell cultures from embryonic Ha. bispinosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCDDEEFD2EFD13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCDE66FC10FBCF.text	03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCDE66FC10FBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis calva Nuttall and Warburton 1915	<div><p>Haemaphysalis calva Nuttall and Warburton, 1915</p><p>This is a rare Oriental species that has been recorded from peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, as well as Indonesia (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1981; Tanskul et al. 1983). It is a parasite predominantly of sambar deer, but has also been recorded from wild pig, palm civet, Himalayan brown bear ( Ursus arctos isabellinus) and water buffalo (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1981).</p><p>Adults and nymphs are described in Hoogstraal and Wassef (1981).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCDE66FC10FBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCD91AFC0DFA43.text	03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCD91AFC0DFA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis canestrinii (Supino 1897)	<div><p>Haemaphysalis canestrinii (Supino, 1897)</p><p>This is an Oriental and Palearctic forest species (Guglielmone et al. 2014). It has been recorded from Pakistan eastward to China, including Taiwan, with additional records from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal 1971; Chen et al. 2010). Hosts of adults are mainly carnivores belonging to the families Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae and Viverridae, although hare and birds have also been reported; nymphs have been recorded from Muridae, Tupaiidae and Viverridae (Hoogstraal 1971) . This species occurs from low elevations up to at least 1,250 m (Hoogstraal 1971).</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described by Hoogstraal (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCD91AFC0DFA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCD896FC85F947.text	03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCD896FC85F947.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis capricornis Hoogstraal 1966	<div><p>Haemaphysalis capricornis Hoogstraal, 1966</p><p>This is a rare species, so far only recorded from southern Thailand near the Thai-Malaysian border (Hoogstraal 1966; Tanskul et al. 1983; Kolonin 2009). The only known host is the Sumatran serow (Capricornis sumatraensis). The male of this species is described by Hoogstraal (1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCEFFE11EFCD896FC85F947	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCEFFE01EFCDB92FE84FE58.text	03DD87C4FFCEFFE01EFCDB92FE84FE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri (Santos Dias 1958)	<div><p>Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri (Santos Dias, 1958)</p><p>This primitive Haemaphysalis possesses a number of characters similar to those of the former genus Aponomma and was originally named Aponomma colasbelcouri by Santos-Dias (1958). Hoogstraal and Wilson (1966) described Ha. vietnamensis, which proved to be a junior synonym of Ap. colasbelcouri (Camicas et al. 1998; Guglielmone et al. 2009), now correctly classified as Ha. colasbelcouri .</p><p>This is a rare species known from Vietnam and southern and southwestern China (Hoogstraal and Wilson 1966; Phan Trong 1977; Kolonin 1992, 1995; Teng and Jiang 1971). Kolonin (2009) points out that its presence in northern Vietnam is uncertain and that a closely related species might occur there. In addition, he reports that females of this species from Bamun Island (Dao Ba Mun) are intermediate between Ha. colasbelcouri (as Ha. vietnamensis) and Ha. kitaokai, a primitive Haemaphysalis species from East Asia (Hoogstraal 1969; Chen et al. 2010).</p><p>The female is described in Hoogstraal and Wilson (1966) and the male in Kolonin (1992), both as Ha. vietnamensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCEFFE01EFCDB92FE84FE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCDCA2FC61FD12.text	03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCDCA2FC61FD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis cornigera Neumann 1897	<div><p>Haemaphysalis cornigera Neumann, 1897</p><p>Haemaphysalis cornigera occurs in peninsular Malaysia and Myanmar as well as Borneo, Indonesia and Singapore (Anastos 1950; Hoogstraal and Kim 1985; Kolonin 2009). It has also been reported from India (Sharif 1928; Kohls 1957; Bhat and Sreenivasan 1981). Adults parasitize deer, wild pigs and carnivores, whereas immatures feed on forest rodents. Humans can also be attacked (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b).</p><p>The male and female are described and illustrated in Anastos (1950).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCDCA2FC61FD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCDE66FCCDFC33.text	03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCDE66FCCDFC33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis dangi Phan Trong 1977	<div><p>Haemaphysalis dangi Phan Trong, 1977</p><p>This is an Oriental species so far only recorded from northern Vietnam, where it parasitizes porcupines (Hystrix and Atherurus spp.), the hog badger ( Arctonyx collaris), various deer species including mouse deer ( Tragulus javanicus), and water buffalo (Phan Trong 1977; Kolonin 1995).</p><p>The male and female were described by Phan Trong (1977).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCDE66FCCDFC33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCD946FC72FAA7.text	03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCD946FC72FAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis darjeeling Hoogstraal and Dhanda 1970	<div><p>Haemaphysalis darjeeling Hoogstraal and Dhanda, 1970</p><p>This species has been reported from Myanmar and Thailand, as well as eastern India (Hoogstraal and Dhanda 1970; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011). There is also a tentative identification from Lao PDR (Vongphayloth et al. 2016). Hoogstraal and Dhanda (1970) characterize it as being “a parasite of hill and mountain forest-dwelling ‘game animals’ ranging from the eastern Himalaya of India to the Chiang Mai area of north-western Thailand.” It is found at elevations up to ca. 1,000 m. Adults have been recorded from serow, wild pigs, and barking deer, and there is one record of a specimen from a human. The immatures are unknown (Hoogstraal and Dhanda 1 970).</p><p>The male and female are illustrated in Hoogstraal and Dhanda (1970).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCD946FC72FAA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCD8B2FC4AF93F.text	03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCD8B2FC4AF93F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis davisi Hoogstraal, Dhanda and Bhat 1970	<div><p>Haemaphysalis davisi Hoogstraal, Dhanda and Bhat, 1970</p><p>Haemaphysalis davisi was described from the Myitkyina area of northern Myanmar, with additional collections from northeastern India, occurring in both tropical and temperate zones between 140 m and 2,750 m (Dhanda et al. 1970). Adults have been found on domestic cattle, sheep, goats, horses, mules and hybrids between domestic cattle and gaur ( Bos gaurus), as well as various wild deer species, gaur, tiger ( Panthera tigris tigris) and hog badger ( A. collaris). Nymphs occur on a similar range of hosts (Geevarghese and Mistra 2011) but larval hosts are unknown.</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1970).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCFFFE01EFCD8B2FC4AF93F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFCFFFEF1EFCDA4AFC7CFE57.text	03DD87C4FFCFFFEF1EFCDA4AFC7CFE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis doenitzi Warburton and Nuttall 1909	<div><p>Haemaphysalis doenitzi Warburton and Nuttall, 1909</p><p>Haemaphysalis doenitzi is known from the Australasian (New Guinea, northern Australia), Oriental (Borneo, southern China, India, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Taiwan), and Palearctic realms (northern China and South Korea, Tajikistan). In continental Southeast Asia, it has been found in Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1973; Robbins 2005; Kim et al. 2016). It is predominantly a parasite of birds, especially pheasants ( Phasianidae) and coucals ( Cuculidae), although rodents, hare, tortoises and humans may occasionally be infested (Hoogstraal and Wassef 1973; Guglielmone et al. 2014). This species is probably active all year round in Southeast Asia but is inactive during the cold winters in East Asia (Teng and Jiang 1991).</p><p>The life cycle, based on specimens from Sichuan Province, China, was described by Chen et al. (2012).</p><p>All life history stages are illustrated in Hoogstraal and Wassef (1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFCFFFEF1EFCDA4AFC7CFE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDCA2FD57FD2F.text	03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDCA2FD57FD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann 1913	<div><p>Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann, 1913</p><p>This is predominantly an East Asian species that has also been found in Vietnam and the Philippines (Hoogstraal and Kim 1985; Teng and Jiang 1991; Kolonin 1995). A wide variety of hosts are known from the mammal families Bovidae, Canidae, Cervidae, Herpestidae, Hystricidae, Leporidae, Suidae, Moschidae, Muridae, Tupaiidae, Ursidae and Vespertilionidae, as well as the bird families Corvidae, Phasianidae, Scolopacidae (Ma et al. 2001; Guglielmone et al. 2014), and, in South Korea, migratory species in the family Turdidae (Choi et al. 2014) .</p><p>The female is illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDCA2FD57FD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDE3AFC95FC17.text	03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDE3AFC95FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis grochovskajae Kolonin 1992	<div><p>Haemaphysalis grochovskajae Kolonin, 1992</p><p>Haemaphysalis grochovskajae was described from two females found on cattle in Vietnam (Kolonin 1992, in Russian). No further information on this species is available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDE3AFC95FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCD962FC15FA91.text	03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCD962FC15FA91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis heinrichi Schulze 1939	<div><p>Haemaphysalis heinrichi Schulze, 1939</p><p>This is an Oriental species found in moist broadleaf forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). It was redescribed by Hoogstraal and Kohls (1968) from specimens collected in Myanmar and Vietnam on the Burmese ferret-badger ( Melogale personata). It has since been reported from Lao PDR and Thailand on additional hosts in the families Bovidae, Canidae, Herpestidae, Muridae, Sciuridae, Soricidae and Viverridae (Kolonin 2009; Guglielmone et al. 2104). It is possible that more than one species occurs under this name, as Hoogstraal and Kim (1985) indicate that it is polytypic.</p><p>The male and female are described in Hoogstraal and Kohls (1968).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCD962FC15FA91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCD8EAFC8DF9A1.text	03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCD8EAFC8DF9A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton 1913	<div><p>Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton, 1913</p><p>This is predominantly a South Asian species, ranging from Pakistan and India to Nepal, with a single record from Vietnam (Gheevargese and Mishra 2011; Kolonin 1995). Adults are found on a variety of mostly small to mediumsized mammals, with the type specimen coming from a hill pony (Warburton 1913; Gheevargese and Mishra 2011). Immatures share the same mammal hosts but also parasitize birds (Dhanda 1964; Gheevargese and Mishra 2011).</p><p>All life history stages are described in Dhanda (1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCD8EAFC8DF9A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDBBAFCD4F829.text	03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDBBAFCD4F829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis humerosa Warburton and Nuttall 1909	<div><p>Haemaphysalis humerosa Warburton and Nuttall, 1909</p><p>This is an Australian species, usually found in the northern half of this country where it occurs in coastal and subcoastal areas. Its main hosts are marsupial mammals of the Family Peramelidae (bandicoots) but it has also been recorded from other mammals including Bovidae, Equidae and birds ( Cuculidae and Coraciidae) (Roberts 1970; Guglielmone et al. 2014). Three individuals were reported from Malaysia by Ernieenor et al. (2017) using molecular methods, however, the sequence homology was only 86-87%. As the specimens were only identified to genus level morphologically this record should remain doubtful.</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described in Roberts (1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC0FFEF1EFCDBBAFCD4F829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDDEEFC7CFE9F.text	03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDDEEFC7CFE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis hylobatis Schulze 1933	<div><p>Haemaphysalis hylobatis Schulze, 1933</p><p>Haemaphysalis hylobatis occurs in forests in Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra). Adults are known to parasitize monkeys, wild and domestic carnivores, as well as humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b). The male and female are described and illustrated in Schulze (1933a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDDEEFC7CFE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDCEAFB62FC7B.text	03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDCEAFB62FC7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino 1897	<div><p>Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897</p><p>Haemaphysalis hystricis is a forest-dwelling species that has been found in Indonesia (the islands Sulawesi and Sumatra), Lao PDR, Myanmar, peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, as well as in China, Hong Kong, northwest India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands (Hoogstraal et al. 1965c; Tanskul and Inlao 1989; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011; Ernieenor et al. 2017). It occurs from low altitudes to over 2,000 m above sea level (Hoogstraal et al. 1965c). Adults are known to attack humans, dogs, and a variety of medium- to large-sized wild mammals, including boar, deer, and tiger (Hoogstraal et al. 1965b; Tanskul and Inlao 1989; Grassman et al. 2004). Limited collections are also known from buffalo and a large scimitar babbler ( Pomatorhinus hypoleucos). Nymphs have been collected from humans, Asian palm civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), ferret-badger, squirrels and the black rat, Rattus rattus, and both larvae and nymphs have been collected from barking deer and wild boar. Haemaphysalis hystricis is distributed in subtropical and temperate climate zones from sea level to at least 2,500 m (Hoogstraal et al. 1968b). This species has commonly been misidentified as Ha. birmaniae, Ha. bispinosa, Ha. nadchatrami or Ha. semermis . Conditions for laboratory culture are given in Fujisaki et al. (1976).</p><p>All life history stages are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1965c) and Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDCEAFB62FC7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDE8EFC32FB37.text	03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDE8EFC32FB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall 1909	<div><p>Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall, 1909</p><p>This is an Oriental species found in moist broadleaf forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). It has been reported from peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam as well as Indonesia (Audy et al. 1960; Hoogstraal 1962; Kolonin 2009). Adults have been recorded from carnivores, artiodactyls and rodents. Hosts of immatures remain uncertain (Kolonin 2009; Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>The male and female are illustrated in Tanskul and Inlao (1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDE8EFC32FB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCD842FD11F947.text	03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCD842FD11F947.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis lagrangei Larrousse 1925	<div><p>Haemaphysalis lagrangei Larrousse, 1925</p><p>Haemaphysalis lagrangei has been reported from Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam; however, it is most commonly found in tick collections from Cambodia and southern Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1973b). There is a tentative identification from Lao PDR (Vongphayloth et al. 2016). Carnivores are frequent hosts of all developmental stages, while adults are found commonly on sambar and barking deer ( Muntiacus muntjak) (Hoogstraal et al. 1968a, 1973b). In addition to these hosts, birds, rodents and primates have been found infested with Ha. lagrangei . There are also reports from domestic cattle and humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1973b).</p><p>The male lectotype and female paralectotype are described in Hoogstraal and Trapido (1966b). All life history stages are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1973b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCD842FD11F947	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDB98FE80F871.text	03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDB98FE80F871.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis laocayensis Phan Trong 1977	<div><p>Haemaphysalis laocayensis Phan Trong, 1977</p><p>Haemaphysalis laocayensis has been recorded from Vietnam (Kolonin 2009). Five males and five females were collected from Muntiacus muntjak, Lutra lutra, and by sweeping vegetation in Cao Bang, Lai Chau and Lao Cai provinces as well as Nghe Tinh Province, which has since been divided into Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces (Phan Trong 1977).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC1FFEE1EFCDB98FE80F871	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCDDEEFC93FD5B.text	03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCDDEEFC93FD5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito and Hoogstraal 1973	<div><p>Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito and Hoogstraal, 1973</p><p>This is predominantly an East Asian species, found in China, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, with specimens also recorded from Vietnam (Phan Trong 1977, as Ha. bamunensis; Hoogstraal and Santana 1974; Teng and Jiang 1991; Kolonin 1995). It was first described from Mage Island in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, from vegetation and a single female from a cow (Saito and Hoogstraal 1973). It has since been recorded from various mammal families ( Bovidae, Canidae, Cervidae, Felidae, Suidae, Viverridae), with larvae also found on Muridae and passerine birds (Hoogstraal and Santana 1974; Yin and Luo 2007; Kolonin 2009). Reproduction seems to be both sexual (males have been described) and parthenogenetic (Saito and Hoogstraal 1971). These authors also provide information on the life cycle of this species.</p><p>Interestingly, Tsunoda and Tatsuzawa (2004) found that the questing height of this species (and Ha. longicornis) was related to the height of their sika deer ( Cervus nippon) hosts, which varies between areas in Japan, as well as the height of the local vegetation.</p><p>All stages are described in Saito and Hoogstraal (1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCDDEEFC93FD5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCDFAEFD09FBCF.text	03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCDFAEFD09FBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis megalaimae Rajagopalan 1963	<div><p>Haemaphysalis megalaimae Rajagopalan, 1963</p><p>This is a widely distributed species for which relatively few records are available, presumably due to its specificity for barbet birds ( Megalaimidae). It has been recorded from Thailand (Tanskul et al. 1983), as well as from India (Rajagopalan 1963) and Japan (Hoogstraal and Kim 1985). These hosts are arboreal, nesting in tree holes, and Ha. megalaimae has never been collected from ground-dwelling hosts, suggesting that it is also confined to the host’s tree habitat (Geevarghese and Mishra 2011).</p><p>Rajagopalan (1963) describes all life history stages; Trapido et al. (1964b) illustrate the larval capitulum and the nymphal capitulum, coxae and trochanters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCDFAEFD09FBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCD91AFC44FA8A.text	03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCD91AFC44FA8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis nadchatrami Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls 1965	<div><p>Haemaphysalis nadchatrami Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1965</p><p>Haemaphysalis nadchatrami has been recorded from Thailand and Malaysia in continental Southeast Asia (Hoogstraal et al. 1965b, 1972b; Wilson 1969). It has been found on various medium-sized to large mammal species, including carnivores (dog, tiger), bearded pigs (Sus barbatus), and domestic stock (horses, buffalo, cattle and pigs). It has also been found on humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b).</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1965b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCD91AFC44FA8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCD8DEFBF2F8AF.text	03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCD8DEFBF2F8AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis obesa Larrousse 1925	<div><p>Haemaphysalis obesa Larrousse, 1925</p><p>This is an Oriental species with a relatively broad distribution, ranging from eastern India eastward to Cambodia, northern peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1966, 1971a; Tanskul et al. 1983; Hoogstraal and Kim 1985). It is found in dense, humid lowland forests where it has been collected from a wide variety of mammal species. Adults have been reported from Bovidae (including cattle and water buffalo), Cervidae, Cercopithecidae ( Presbytis pileatus), Suidae, Tapiridae and Ursidae (Hoogstraal et al. 1971a). Immatures have been reported from Canidae ( Cuon alpinus), badger and humans (Kolonin 2009). Hoogstraal et al. (1971a) provide information on the life cycle of this species based on Indian and Thai populations. There were considerable differences between developmental times that may be related to differences in hosts, humidities and temperatures under experimental conditions.</p><p>The adults are described by Hoogstraal et al. (1966), and the immature stages by Hoogstraal et al. (1971a). Guru et al. (1976) describe cell cultures derived from developing adults of Ha. obesa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC2FFED1EFCD8DEFBF2F8AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDDEEFF42FDC7.text	03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDDEEFF42FDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal and Kohls 1959	<div><p>Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1959</p><p>Haemaphysalis ornithophila is an Oriental and Palearctic forest species (Guglielmone et al. 2014). It has been recorded from Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, as well as from Nepal, India, the Philippines and China. Specimens from Taiwan, South Korea and Siberia have been recovered from migrating birds (Hoogstraal and Kohls 1959; Wilson 1970; Hoogstraal and Wassef 1973; Phan Trong 1977; Teng and Jiang 1971; Kolonin 1985, 1995; Robbins 2005; Ghosh et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2009). As its name indicates, this is mainly a parasite of birds (Gheevargese and Mishra 2011), although Mustelidae, Leporidae and Bovidae have also been reported (Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>The male and female are described in Hoogstraal and Kohls (1959), the nymph by Geevarghese &amp; Mishra (2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDDEEFF42FDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDF12FC63FCE7.text	03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDF12FC63FCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis papuana Thorell 1883	<div><p>Haemaphysalis papuana Thorell, 1883</p><p>Haemaphysalis papuana is known from Cambodia, peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Its main hosts are wild pigs, but it has also been recorded from honey bear ( Helarctos malayanus) and the domestic dog (Trapido et al. 1964a; Tanskul et al. 1983; Kolonin 1995, 2009).</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described in Trapido et al. (1964a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDF12FC63FCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDEF2FC8DFBA3.text	03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDEF2FC8DFBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata Kolonin 1992	<div><p>Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata Kolonin, 1992</p><p>This is an Oriental species recorded from Thailand and Vietnam and recently from China (Xu and Sun 2016). It has been collected from domestic dogs, hog badger ( Arctonyx collaris), hoary bamboo rat ( Rhizomys pruinosis) and a human (Kolonin 1992, 1995, 2003). Kolonin (2009) indicated that the figure of the male of Ha. darjeeling in Tanskul and Inlao (1989) appears more like that of Ha. quadriaculeata .</p><p>The male and female are described in Kolonin (1992).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCDEF2FC8DFBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCD9B6FCBBFA42.text	03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCD9B6FCBBFA42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis roubaudi Toumanoff 1940	<div><p>Haemaphysalis roubaudi Toumanoff, 1940</p><p>This is a rare Oriental species from dry evergreen forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). It has only been recorded from Vietnam, where it was found on sambar deer, with additional records from humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1966; Kolonin 1995).</p><p>The male was described by Hoogstraal et al. (1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCD9B6FCBBFA42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCD896FC44F8DA.text	03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCD896FC44F8DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis semermis Neumann 1901	<div><p>Haemaphysalis semermis Neumann, 1901</p><p>Haemaphysalis semermis has been reported from southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia (Hoogstraal et al. 1965b). Hosts of adult ticks include a variety of domestic and wild mammals, such as carnivores (dogs, tigers, leopard), the Malay bear, tapir, wild boar and deer species (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Grassman et al. 2004). Adults have also been reported from humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b). Nymphs have been reported from rodents, mousedeer ( Tragulus javanicus), squirrels, tree shrews ( Tupaia glis) and the Malay civet ( Viverra tangalunga).</p><p>The male, female and nymph are described in Hoogstraal et al. (1965b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC3FFEC1EFCD896FC44F8DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC3FFEB1EFCDA2EFC3AFEBA.text	03DD87C4FFC3FFEB1EFCDA2EFC3AFEBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis shimoga Trapido and Hoogstraal 1964	<div><p>Haemaphysalis shimoga Trapido and Hoogstraal, 1964</p><p>Haemaphysalis shimoga was described from Shimoga District of Mysore State in southern India (Trapido and Hoogstraal 1964). Since that time, it has also been reported from Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Tanskul et al. 1983; Tanskul and Inlao 1989; Kolonin 1995). Adults are known to feed on sambar deer and gaur, although they have also been recorded from cattle, sheep, goats and humans (Rajagopalan et al. 1968; Bhat et al. 1974a; Tanskul et al. 1983; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011). Immatures are known from rodents (Kolonin 1995). The laboratory life cycle is given in Bhat et al. (1974a) and Geevarghese and Mishra (2011).</p><p>All life history stages are described in Trapido and Hoogstraal (1964). Trapido et al. (1964b) illustrate the larval capitulum and the nymphal capitulum, coxae and trochanters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC3FFEB1EFCDA2EFC3AFEBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCDCCEFE7AFB88.text	03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCDCCEFE7AFB88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann 1897	<div><p>Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann, 1897</p><p>Haemaphysalis spinigera is predominantly a South Asian species occurring in India (including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Nepal and Sri Lanka, with additional records from Yunnan Province, China, and from Vietnam (Kolonin 2009). This species has been found on a very wide range of mammalian and avian hosts. The adults most often parasitize large ungulates and carnivores, including water buffalo and cattle, but they have also been found on hares and rats. Immatures prefer small to medium-sized mammals (including carnivores, deer, hares, porcupine, rats, monkeys, and squirrels, as well as sheep, cattle, and water buffalo) and birds (peacock, Parvo spp., jungle fowl, Gallus spp., greater coucal or crow pheasant, Centropus sinensis, and various passerine species) (Rajagopalan et al. 1968; Bhat 1974, 1977; Saxena 1997; Kolonin 2009; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011; Yathramullage et al. 2016).</p><p>This is a forest-dwelling species, ranging from wet evergreen to moist deciduous forests (Geevarghese and Mishra 2011). These authors indicate that within the Indian distribution of this species the habitat occupied fits that listed by Boshell (1969) for the Kyasanur Forest area.</p><p>Bhat (1979, 1981) provides information on the life cycle under laboratory conditions as well as extremely useful information under field conditions.</p><p>Trapido et al. (1964b) illustrate the larval capitulum and the nymphal capitulum, coxae and trochanters. Banerjee et al. (1977) and Guru et al. (1976) demonstrated the growth of various arboviruses in cell cultures derived from Ha. spinigera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCDCCEFE7AFB88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCD9D2FCA7FA8B.text	03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCD9D2FCA7FA8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis suntzovi Kolonin 1993	<div><p>Haemaphysalis suntzovi Kolonin, 1993</p><p>This species has only been recorded from Vietnam (Kolonin 1993, 1995). Adults were collected from the Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) and wild pig (Sus scrofa). The immatures are unknown. Males and females are described in Kolonin (1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCD9D2FCA7FA8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCD8DEFC46F9AA.text	03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCD8DEFC46F9AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis traguli Oudemans 1928	<div><p>Haemaphysalis traguli Oudemans, 1928</p><p>Adult and immature Ha. traguli parasitize mouse-deer ( Tragulus spp.), although there is also a single record of two females from a rodent, Maxomys rajah (Kohls 1957) . This species is found in forest areas of Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Kolonin 1995).</p><p>The male, female, nymph and larva are illustrated in Hoogstraal (1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCD8DEFC46F9AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCDBBEFBA8F867.text	03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCDBBEFBA8F867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis traubi Kohls 1955	<div><p>Haemaphysalis traubi Kohls, 1955</p><p>Originally described from Mt. Kinabalu in Borneo (Kohls 1955), this species was later found in peninsular Malaysia and Vietnam (Hoogstraal and El Kammah 1971; Kolonin 1995). It occurs from low altitudes up to 1,700 m in deep forest habitats, where it is found on muntjac, sambar deer and wild pigs (Hoogstraal and El Kammah 1971). The immatures have not been described.</p><p>The male and female are described in Hoogstraal and El Kammah (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC4FFEB1EFCDBBEFBA8F867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDDEEFA83FE9F.text	03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDDEEFA83FE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall 1909	<div><p>Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909</p><p>Haemaphysalis vidua is another rare species found in peninsular Malaysia, where all developmental stages infest civets ( Viverridae) (Hoogstraal 1962, 1964). The male and female are described in Hoogstraal (1962), the nymph and larva in Hoogstraal (1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDDEEFA83FE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDCEAFDD0FCE7.text	03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDCEAFDD0FCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall and Warburton 1908	<div><p>Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall and Warburton, 1908</p><p>Haemaphysalis wellingtoni is a widely distributed species, occurring in China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, New Guinea, and Sri Lanka, and for continental Southeast Asia in Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Teng and Jiang 1991; Geevarghese and Mishra 2011). It is a parasite of wild and domestic gallinaceous birds, although other ground-feeding birds and small mammals may be infested. A single female was recovered from a migratory Turdus cardis in Japan (Miyamoto et al. 1993). Immatures have been recorded from carnivores, artiodactyls, primates and shrews, as well as birds. Adult hosts are similar to those of immatures but include dogs. Bhat and Jacob (1977) provide a life cycle for an Indian population of this species which is summarized in Geevarghese and Mishra (2011).</p><p>The male is illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971). Trapido et al. (1964b) illustrate the larval capitulum and the nymphal capitulum, coxae and trochanters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDCEAFDD0FCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDEF2FEC1FBA3.text	03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDEF2FEC1FBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis yeni Toumanoff 1944	<div><p>Haemaphysalis yeni Toumanoff, 1944</p><p>Haemaphysalis yeni occurs in Cambodia and Vietnam, as well as China (Fukien, Hainan and Yunnan) and Japan (Saito and Hoogstraal 1972; Teng and Jiang 1991; Kolonin 1995). Sambar and muntjak deer appear to be the main hosts. The Asian native dog ( Cuon alpinus) has been recorded as a host.</p><p>The male lectotype is described in Hoogstraal and Trapido (1966b), the female and immatures in Saito and Hoogstraal (1972).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDEF2FEC1FBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCD86FFB71F9D8.text	03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCD86FFB71F9D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma hussaini Sharif 1928	<div><p>Hyalomma hussaini Sharif, 1928</p><p>Hyalomma hussaini is only found in the drier northern area of Myanmar within Southeast Asia (Kaiser and Hoogstraal 1964; Geevarghese and Dhanda 1987; Robbins et al. 2002). The normal range of this species is India and Pakistan, where it most commonly occurs on goats, cattle, buffalo and sheep (Geevarghese and Dhanda 1987). Descriptions of all active life history stages, together with illustrations of the male and female and line drawings of the nymphal and larval capitula, scuta and coxae, are available in Geevarghese &amp; Dhanda (1987).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCD86FFB71F9D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDB23FACDF84C.text	03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDB23FACDF84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalomma isaaci Sharif 1928	<div><p>Hyalomma isaaci Sharif, 1928</p><p>In India, Hy. isaaci is found in a variety of climate zones. The species was recorded in Vietnam as Hy. marginatum indosinense (Kolonin 1995) . Toumanoff (1944) was the first to find this Hyalomma in Southeast Asia, where he reported 4 males on a banteng ( Bos sondaicus) in Vietnam (identified as Hy. dromedarii indosinensis). The next collection was made in 1992 by Kolonin (2 males and 1 female) from the same host and also in Vietnam. A male/ female pair of specimens was reported on clothing in Myanmar (Robbins et al. 2002).</p><p>Descriptions of all active life history stages, together with illustrations of the male and female and line drawings of the nymphal and larval capitula, scuta and coxae, are available in Geevarghese &amp; Dhanda (1987).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC5FFEA1EFCDB23FACDF84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDDA7FC20FD14.text	03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDDA7FC20FD14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes acutitarsus (Karsch 1880)	<div><p>Ixodes acutitarsus (Karsch, 1880)</p><p>Ixodes acutitarsus is a widely distributed Oriental and Palearctic species that has been reported from East, Southeast and South Asia, including Japan, China, India, Tibet and Nepal. In Southeast Asia it is known from Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Petney and Keirans 1994; Kolonin 2009). It occurs in a variety of habitats and has a high altitudinal range (300-3,500 m above sea level) (Schulze 1939; Clifford et al. 1975; Tanskul et al. 1983; Keirans 1985). Filippova (1977) considers this tick to be a representative of the Indo-Malayan faunistic region.</p><p>Ixodes acutitarsus is the largest of the Southeast Asian Ixodes species; indeed, it is the largest known Ixodes in the world. Adults have been collected from medium-sized to large wild and domestic mammals in forested areas, while immatures parasitize smaller mammals (Clifford et al. 1975). There is also a record from birds (Guglielmone et al. 2014). Humans are relatively frequently attacked (Schulze 1939; Clifford et al. 1975; Tanskul et al. 1983; Heath and Hardwick 2011; Chao and Shih 2012).</p><p>Kitaoka et al. (1975) provide information on laboratory rearing. The female is described and illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971), nymphs and larvae in Clifford et al. (1975).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDDA7FC20FD14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDE67FA28FC18.text	03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDE67FA28FC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes collaris Hornok, Gorfol, Estok, Tu and Kontschan 2016	<div><p>Ixodes collaris Hornok, Görföl, Estók, Tu and Kontschán, 2016</p><p>The female and nymph of this species were described from Vietnam from specimens found on the pomona leafnosed bat ( Hipposideros pomona) and the intermediate horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus affinis) (Hornok et al. 2016). It is possible that samples of I. vespertilionis from Asia have been confused with this species (Hornok et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDE67FA28FC18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCD963FCD5FA60.text	03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCD963FCD5FA60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes granulatus Supino 1897	<div><p>Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897</p><p>Ixodes granulatus is probably the most commonly encountered and widespread member of its genus is continental Southeast Asia. It occurs in all of the countries covered in this review, as well as in East and South Asian countries and parts of the Australasian Region (Petney and Keirans 1994; Guglielmone et al. 2014). Hosts include a wide range of birds and small to medium-sized mammals, and occasionally humans (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Tanskul et al. 1983; Lah et al. 2015). It is found predominantly in forest habitats in a variety of ecoregions (Hoogstraal 1985b; Guglielmone et al. 2014). Nadchatram (1960) presents life history information on a laboratory colony of Malaysian specimens.</p><p>Lah et al. (2016) provide useful molecular data for the identification of this species. This is a member of the Ixodes ricinus / persulcatus species complex (Xu et al. 2003).</p><p>All life history stages are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCD963FCD5FA60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDB6BFA3CF8B0.text	03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDB6BFA3CF8B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes kopsteini (Oudemans 1926)	<div><p>Ixodes kopsteini (Oudemans, 1926)</p><p>Ixodes kopsteini is a widely distributed species that was originally described from the Moluccan Islands by Oudemans (1925, 1927). In 1961, Ixodes paradoxus, which is a junior synonym of I. kopsteini, was described from Malaysia and the Congo in Africa (Kohls and Clifford 1961, 1968), while later records include the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia and New Guinea (Kohls and Clifford 1968; Robbins et al. 2004), as well as the Pacific Islands and Australia (Roberts 1970; Hoogstraal 1982). This is a parasite of bats, including the families Pteropodidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae, and its habitat is restricted to bat caves (Hoogstraal 1982). Ixodes kopsteini is the only species of tick in which the eggs hatch to larvae inside the body of the dead female (Anastos et al. 1973).</p><p>The female is illustrated in Kohls and Clifford (1961, as I. paradoxus), the male in Kohls and Clifford (1968).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC6FFE91EFCDB6BFA3CF8B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDDEEFD1AFE57.text	03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDDEEFD1AFE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes malayensis Kohls 1962	<div><p>Ixodes malayensis Kohls, 1962</p><p>Ixodes malayensis has only been recorded from the Cameron Highlands of peninsular Malaysia (Kohls 1962). The only known host is the common tree shrew, Tupaia glis, which has a wide Oriental distribution (Lekagul and McNeely 1977) and has often been sampled for ticks in other areas (e.g., Hoogstraal et al. 1968b, 1973b; Saito et al. 1971).</p><p>The female was described by Kohls (1962).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDDEEFD1AFE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDCA2FB25FC17.text	03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDCA2FB25FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes nuttallianus Schulze 1930	<div><p>Ixodes nuttallianus Schulze, 1930</p><p>This is a rare species in continental Southeast Asia, the main distributional area being the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau and Tibetan shrublands and meadows (Clifford et al. 1971, 1975; Guglielmone et al. 2014). In 1930, Schulze described Ixodes muntiaci from a single specimen originating from Mt. Victoria in the highland region of eastern Burma. This was synonymized with I. nuttallianus by Clifford et al. (1971). Schulze’s specimen remains the only one reported to date from Southeast Asia, although it is possible that this species is present in the mountainous regions of Myanmar bordering China and India. In those countries where it occurs, it is most commonly found at high altitudes of over 1,500 m to 3,640 m, where its wild hosts are associated with oak and tall fir forests and their accompanying vegetation, which may be required habitats for this species (Clifford et al. 1971). The hosts of adults are usually wild or domestic artiodactyl mammals in the families Bovidae and Cervidae, with dogs occasionally also being infested (Clifford et al. 1971). Ixodes nuttallianus is one of two known Southeast Asian members of the I. ricinus / persulcatus complex, the other being I. granulatus (Xu et al. 2003) .</p><p>The female is described in Kohls (1962), the female and male in Clifford et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDCA2FB25FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCD962FB67F9D7.text	03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCD962FB67F9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes ovatus Neumann 1899	<div><p>Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899</p><p>Ixodes ovatus is found from Japan westward to northeastern India and Nepal, including Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR (Robbins et al. 1997) and Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1973a; Kolonin 1992, 2009). Filippova (1977) considers this tick to be a representative of the Sino-Himalayan subregion of the Palearctic Region.</p><p>Adults infest a range of large wild and domestic mammals and frequently attack humans (Sakai et al. 1976; Yamaguti and Takada 1981; Heath and Hardwick 2011). Immature stages are found predominantly on rodents.</p><p>Ixodes ovatus occurs in a wide range of habitats, from low altitudes to 5,000 m above sea level (Fujimoto and Yamaguti 1987; Hoogstraal et al. 1973a). As there are structural differences characteristic of each developmental stage that are dependent on geographical location (Hoogstraal et al. 1973a), this taxon may represent a species complex. It is thus in need of revision (Guglielmone et al. 2009) . Biological and ecological data for this species are available for Japanese populations (Fujisaki et al. 1976; Fujimoto 1990, 1987; Fujimoto et al. 1986; Fujimoto and Yamaguti 1990; Kakuda et al. 1989).</p><p>All life history stages are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971) and Hoogstraal et al. (1973a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCD962FB67F9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDB28FD3BF8B9.text	03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDB28FD3BF8B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes radfordi Kohls 1948	<div><p>Ixodes radfordi Kohls, 1948</p><p>Note: although the paper with the original description of I. radfordi is dated 1947, it appeared in press in 1948 (Doss &amp; Anastos 1977, p. 74).</p><p>Ixodes radfordi is a rare species that was originally described by Kohls (1948) from Imphal in eastern India. Tanskul et al. (1983) reported a collection of this species from the Chiang Mai area, northwestern Thailand. Rodents of the genus Rattus are known hosts of adults; the immatures are unknown.</p><p>The female is described in Kohls (1948).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFC7FFE81EFCDB28FD3BF8B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDDEEFE6BFE73.text	03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDDEEFE6BFE73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka and Suzuki 1983	<div><p>Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1983</p><p>Ixodes siamensis was described from larvae collected on shrews and rodents in a montane rainforest at Doi Inthanon, northern Thailand. Larvae remain the only life history stage described (Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>The validity of this species is doubtful, with some authors treating it as a synonym of I. ovatus (Camicas et al. 1998; Kolonin 2009), but it is tentatively recognized by Guglielmone et al. (2009, 2014). There is thus a need to revise what is currently considered I. ovatus to determine whether I. siamensis is part of a species complex (Guglielmone et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDDEEFE6BFE73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDC86FC3BFC83.text	03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDC86FC3BFC83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes simplex Neumann 1906	<div><p>Ixodes simplex Neumann, 1906</p><p>Ixodes simplex is a bat tick with a very wide distribution. It has been reported from Africa, Europe, China, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, the Pacific Islands and New Guinea (Arthur 1965; Roberts 1970; Wilson 1970; Hoogstraal et al. 1972b). Records from continental Southeast Asia are relatively uncommon but it has been recorded from peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (Hoogstraal et al. 1972b; Petney and Keirans 1994; Kolonin 2003). Its hosts are predominantly microchiropteran bats, especially the genus Miniopterus which is the most commonly recorded genus, and in particular M. schreibersii, as well as members of the genera Myotis and Rhinolophus . Ixodes simplex has been recorded from sea level to 2,000 m, where it is found in bat caves (Kolonin 2009).</p><p>The female and nymph are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDC86FC3BFC83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDED6FA8BFA8B.text	03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDED6FA8BFA8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes spinicoxalis Neumann 1899	<div><p>Ixodes spinicoxalis Neumann, 1899</p><p>Ixodes spinicoxalis is an Oriental Region species that been recorded from Lao PDR and Thailand in continental Southeast Asia, as well as outlying islands (Schulze 1934; Wilson 1970; Tanskul et al. 1983), where it occurs in evergreen forests (Guglielmone et al. 2014). A single record from Caucasia (Yakimov and Kohl-Yakimova 1910) probably represents an error in identification (Anastos 1950). This species appears to be relatively rare, with few records from mainland Southeast Asia (Tanskul et al. 1983; Wilson 1970). Recent collections of over 15,000 ticks from Lao PDR did not contain this species, perhaps because wild animals were not sampled (Vongphayloth et al. 2016). Hosts include tree shrews, rodents, birds and various small carnivores (Tanskul et al. 1983; Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>Nuttall and Warburton (1911) described the female, illustrating the scutum, coxae and hypostome, while Schulze (1934) described the male, illustrating the dorsum, venter, ventral capitulum, and tarsi I and IV.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCDED6FA8BFA8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCD8DEFAB7F93F.text	03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCD8DEFAB7F93F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes tanuki Saito 1964	<div><p>Ixodes tanuki Saito, 1964</p><p>This species has a broad distribution in East Asia, extending from continental Southeast Asia westward to Nepal, where it has been found between ca. 2,500 and 3,700 m above sea level (Clifford et al. 1975). In Southeast Asia it has been reported from Doi Inthanon in northern Thailand (Kitaoka and Suzuki 1983). In this area hosts of female ticks are the yellow-throated martin ( Martes flavigula, which is also a host in Nepal), and larvae have been found on two rodents ( Eothenomys melanogaster and Rattus sp.). Some biological information is available, chiefly from Japan (Fujimoto and Yamaguti 1990; Kawabuchi et al. 2005; Yamauchi et al. 2013).</p><p>The male and female of I. tanuki are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971) and Clifford et al. (1975).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF8FFD71EFCD8DEFAB7F93F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF8FFD61EFCDA4AFCD5FEC3.text	03DD87C4FFF8FFD61EFCDA4AFCD5FEC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes vespertilionis Koch 1844	<div><p>Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844</p><p>Ixodes vespertilionis is a bat tick that has a very wide distribution in Europe and Asia (Guglielmone et al. 2014; Estrada-Peña et al. 2018). In continental Southeast Asia it has been recorded from Lao PDR and Thailand, with other Asian records from China, including Taiwan, South Korea and Japan (Yamaguti et al. 1971; Tanskul et al. 1983; Teng and Jiang 1991; Robbins 2005; Chen et al. 2010; Kim et al. 2011; Bush and Robbins 2012; Vongphayloth et al. 2018a). Recently, I. collaris was described from Vietnam, and it is possible that other Asian records have been confused with this species (Hornok et al. 2016).</p><p>All life history stages are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF8FFD61EFCDA4AFCD5FEC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDC16FB1DFD5B.text	03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDC16FB1DFD5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes werneri Kohls 1950	<div><p>Ixodes werneri Kohls, 1950</p><p>Ixodes werneri is an Oriental Region species first described from the Philippines but now recorded from Pahang State in peninsular Malaysia (Kohls 1950, 1957; Keirans et al. 1970) and from Vietnam (Kolonin 2003). Few collections of this species have been made. Rodents are known hosts for all life history stages, and tree shrews ( Tupaiidae) for immatures (Keirans et al. 1970; Kolonin 2003, 2009). It occurs in rainforest habitats (Guglielmone et al. 2014).</p><p>The female is described in Kohls (1950), the male and immatures in Keirans et al. (1970).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDC16FB1DFD5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDE66FAACFB1C.text	03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDE66FAACFB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton 1908)	<div><p>Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton, 1908)</p><p>Nosomma monstrosum is an unusual species which was originally classified, with reservations, as a Hyalomma, although it also shows certain characteristics of the genus Dermacentor (Nuttall and Warburton 1908; Warburton 1918). It does not possess the elongate mouthparts and beady eyes of Hyalomma but does possess enamelling and male ventral shields (Schulze 1920). Adult N. monstrosum are most commonly found on buffalo, although they have also been recorded from cattle, horses, pigs and dogs (Hoogstraal 1985b; Petney and Keirans 1996b). Immatures occur mainly on rodents. This species is found in Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam (Toumanoff 1944; Tanskul et al. 1983; Hoogstraal 1985b; Kolonin 1992, 2009), as well as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh (Kolonin 2009). The life cycle has been determined for a Sri Lankan population of this species (Bandaranayaka et al. 2016).</p><p>Descriptions of adults are found in Arthur and Chaudhuri (1965) and immatures in Singh (1968).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDE66FAACFB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCD830FD0DF989.text	03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCD830FD0DF989.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say 1821)	<div><p>Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say, 1821)</p><p>This species is included as a parasite of cattle from northern Vietnam in Chien et al. (2016); however, it does not occur in surrounding countries (Chen et al. 2010; Lao PDR-Vongphayloth et al. 2016). The nearest populations are possibly those in southern India although these require confirmation (Ghosh et al. 2007). This should be investigated in more detail, as R. microplus found in Southeast Asia (Petney and Keirans 1996a) may represent a species group with new species awaiting identification (Burger et al. 2014). Alternatively, R. annulatus may have been introduced on cattle sometime in the past.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCD830FD0DF989	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDBE5FC49F82C.text	03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDBE5FC49F82C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus australis Fuller 1899	<div><p>Rhipicephalus australis Fuller, 1899</p><p>Originally described from cattle in Australia, R. australis was been considered a junior synonym of R. (Boophilus) microplus (e.g., Neumann 1901; Uilenberg 1962; Roberts 1970); however, the addition of genetic evidence suggesting the possibility that different species were included under the rubric R. microplus (Labruna et al. 2009) led to a detailed investigation, and Estrada-Peña et al. (2012) reinstated R. australis as a valid species. In continental Southeast Asia R. australis has been recorded from Cambodia (Estrada-Peña et al. 2012). It is also present in Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and New Caledonia (Estrada-Peña et al. 2012), suggesting that it may be more common in continental Southeast Asia than is currently recognized.</p><p>The female, male and larva are described in Estrada-Peña et al. (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFF9FFD61EFCDBE5FC49F82C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDDEEFE44FE2A.text	03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDDEEFE44FE2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino 1897	<div><p>Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino, 1897</p><p>Rhipicepalus haemaphysaloides is a common parasite of wild and domestic stock throughout continental Southeast Asia. It has also been recorded from monkeys and humans (Walker et al. 2000), and relatively frequently from wild carnivores (Grassman et al. 2004). Immatures feed predominantly on rodents, although insectivores and small carnivores have also been recorded as hosts. It has been reported from Cambodia, Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Petney and Keirans 1996b; Robbins et al. 1997). The life history of this species under laboratory conditions was described by Bhat and Jacob (1982) and Diyes et al. (2017).</p><p>Males and females are described in Walker et al. (2000). These authors also provide illustrations of the nymphal and larval capitulum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDDEEFE44FE2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43.text	03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini 1888)	<div><p>Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888)</p><p>Studies are urgently needed to determine whether this is a species complex (Estrada-Peña et al. 2012). Recently, Roy et al. (2018) showed that the complex contains at least 5 taxa including R. annulatus, R. australis, and R. microplus clades A-C, with ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar being assigned to clade C. These authors stress the high level of morphological variation present in these taxa and indicate that additional morphological, genomic and cross-breeding studies are needed to determine species status.</p><p>Rhipicephalus microplus is a cattle parasite with a one-host life cycle. It is thought to have originated in the Indian subregion but has been introduced into many parts of the world, including other parts of Asia, with its hosts (Hoogstraal 1985b). It was previously placed in the genus Boophilus until this was reduced to a subgenus within Rhipicephalus (Beati and Keirans 2001; Murrell and Barker 2003). An attempt to clarify the taxonomic situation in the subgenus Boophilus (Hoogstraal 1956) showed that the Asian species had been variously referred to as B. annulatus, B. annulatus var. australis, B. australis, B. distans, B. krigjsmani, B. longiscutatus and B. rotundiscutatus (at the time Boophilus had generic status; Minning 1934; Anastos 1950). Estrada-Peña et al. (2012) showed that R. australis is a good species known to be present in Australia, New Caledonia, Borneo, the Philippines, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, Cambodia, and Tahiti. It is possible that R. australis and R. microplus may both be found sympatrically in Southeast Asia, although evidence for this is not available. Rhipicephalus microplus sensu lato is the most common cattle tick in continental Southeast Asia, occurring throughout the region wherever cattle are found, although it can also occur on other domestic stock (Rajamanikan 1968; Petney and Keirans 1996b). The record of Kolonin (1995) from banteng ( Bos javanicus) in an area of virgin forest in Vietnam well away from settlements should be further investigated to determine its validity. In continental Southeast Asia R. microplus occurs in Cambodia, Lao PDR, peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (Petney and Keirans 1996b).</p><p>All life history stages are illustrated in Yamaguti et al. (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7.text	03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille 1806)	<div><p>Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)</p><p>The name “ R. sanguineus ” is used for a group of species occurring worldwide on dogs (Nava et al. 2015; Hekimoğlu et al. 2016). Confusion as to which taxon represents R. sanguineus sensu stricto has recently been clarified with the designation of a neotype from France, the location of the specimens used for the original description (Nava et al. 2018).</p><p>This group is being investigated by a number of institutions, and current information suggests that at least two main taxa are present: a temperate and a tropical one. Evidence from China indicates that the species found there is probably closely related to, but different from, that found in North America (Liu et al. 2013). Ticks classified as R. sanguineus from China were found to fall into either clade III, which includes R. guilhoni sequences, or clade IV, with R. turanicus sequences, in the R. sanguineus group as defined by Hekimoğlu et al. (2016). Currently, very little information is available on the genetic characterization of the Southeast Asia taxon (or taxa). Specimens from Thailand (labelled from both Bangkok and Phuket, and from a laboratory colony) fall into the tropical form, also found in Taiwan, Brazil, Mozambique and Cuba by molecular analysis using 12S and 16S rDNA sequences (Sanchez et al. 2016). Hekimoğlu et al. (2016) found that the tropical strain from South America showed a strong molecular similarity to R. camicasi from Africa. This species is clearly different from the temperate R. sanguineus, and the diseases transmitted by the two species may differ. Therefore, evidence for the transmission of tick-borne diseases should be accepted only for data from continental Southeast Asia.</p><p>Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato is the most common tick on domestic dogs in continental Southeast Asia (Petney and Keirans 1996b). It is known from Cambodia (Inpankaew et al. 2016), Lao PDR (Wilson 1970; Kernif et al. 2012), peninsular Malaysia (Watanabe et al. 2015; Koh et al. 2016), Myanmar (Bhattacharjee 1939; Petney and Keirans 1996), Thailand (Tanskul et al. 1983) and Vietnam (Grokhovskaya and Hoe 1968; Kolonin 1992). Where dogs are common, R. sanguineus populations can reach high densities (Grokhovskaya and Hoe 1968). Control can be obtained by reducing populations of stray dogs (Theis and Franti 1971).</p><p>All life history stages, as well as the genetic characterization, are described in Nava et al. (2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
03DD87C4FFFBFFD41EFCDF12FB38FC17.text	03DD87C4FFFBFFD41EFCDF12FB38FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus tetracornus Kitaoka and Suzuki 1983	<div><p>Rhipicephalus tetracornus Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1983</p><p>Rhipicephalus tetracornus is known only from collections of immatures made by Kitaoka and Suzuki (1983) at Doi Ithanon (northern Thailand) from the Himalayan field rat ( Rattus nitidus), Gairdner's shrewmouse ( Mus pahari) and the Chinese mole shrew ( Anourosorex squamipes), and from the red spiny rat ( Maxomys surifer) at Nakhon Nayok, south-central Thailand.</p><p>All life history stages were described by Kitaoka and Suzuki (1983). The adults were described from moulted nymphs but were lost in transit. Petney and Keirans (1996a) did not consider this species to be valid, but Guglielmone et al. (2014) consider it tentatively valid based on museum specimens of the immatures. The latter authors, however, are uncertain whether larvae found on larval hosts represent this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFFBFFD41EFCDF12FB38FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Petney, Trevor N.;Boulanger, Nathalie;Saijuntha, Weerachai;Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia;Pfeffer, Martin;Eamudomkarn, Chatanun;Andrews, Ross H.;Ahamad, Mariana;Putthasorn, Noppadon;Muders, Senta V.;Petney, David A.;Robbins, Richard G.	Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A., Robbins, Richard G. (2019): Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 4558 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1
