identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DD87DD6D1BFFF6F2E0F9EC88CCFF21.text	03DD87DD6D1BFFF6F2E0F9EC88CCFF21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylochaeta scirtetica Brunson 1950	<div><p>Stylochaeta scirtetica Brunson, 1950</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Syn. Stylochaeta curviseta Krivanek &amp; Krivanek, 1959</p><p>Localities: Ponds near Waterloo and in the Puslinch district.</p><p>Material: 8 specimens.</p><p>Krivanek &amp; Krivanek (1959) hypothesized that Stylochaeta scirtetica could be identical to Stylochaeta curviseta, which they described from Louisiana, USA. Morphology now makes clear that S. curviseta is a synonym of S. scirtetica . Both the Canadian specimens and the specimens found in Hesse, Germany bear the special scutiform spines in front of the first bundle of thick movable spines (“Springstacheln”). These structures were first described for S. curviseta and later also confirmed in S. scirtetica by Brunson in his correspondence with Krivanek and Krivanek. The same spines are also present in specimens of S. scirtetica collected in Sweden by Kånneby (2012) (Fig. 2). S. scirtetica is common in shallow habitats with Lemna spp. but also appears among the stems of Phragmites australis and among water lilies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D1BFFF6F2E0F9EC88CCFF21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D1AFFF0F2E0FAF78E1CFD29.text	03DD87DD6D1AFFF0F2E0FAF78E1CFD29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Setopus lemnicola (Schwank 1990) Schwank 1990	<div><p>Setopus lemnicola (Schwank, 1990)</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Syn: Dasydytes (Setodytes) lemnicola Schwank, 1990</p><p>Type locality. Among Lemna spp. and Wolffia spp., Puslinch district, Ontario, Canada.</p><p>Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8549 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Other material. 3 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the preferred habitat among Lemna spp.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small frail species, 110–115 µm in total body length. Strong neck constriction. Cephalion reduced and totally grown together with the cuticle. Cilia on head arranged in 6 semicircular bands. Caudal end with two lobes, sometimes squared or angular. Two short very fine spines situated on the inside of each lobe. Two pairs of posterior dentate spines of unequal length and 5 pairs of lateral dentate spines in trunk region.</p><p>Description. Small, very frail animals that gently float through the Lemna spp. plantlets. Body tripartite, 110–115 µm in total body length, with a strong neck constriction. The cephalion is rounded, 7 µm in diameter, strongly reduced or almost lacking and totally grown together with the cuticle. The cilia on the head are arranged in 6 semicircular bands. One pair of dorsal sensory bristles situated in posterior trunk region at U90. Cuticle and ventral interciliary area devoid of scales.</p><p>Body width 30 µm at the head (U18), 18–19 µm at the neck (U28) and 37–40 µm at the trunk (U57). The caudal end is divided into two lobes, which can sometimes be almost squared or angular. Two very short fine spines are situated on the inner side of each caudal lobe. There are also two outer dentate spines of unequal length. The longer one, situated on the left side, measures 48–49 µm while the shorter one measures approximately 10 µm. Cuticle apparently naked except for 5 pairs of long, strongly curved, dentate spines that are situated laterally on each side of the trunk region, starting from the neck and ending approximately 20 µm from the posterior end. Their length decreases from 60–65 µm at the neck and 40 µm in the middle of the trunk to 25 µm at the trunk end.</p><p>The ventral interciliary area is naked. The exact number of ventral locomotory ciliary tufts could not be observed.</p><p>Mouth terminal, 4–5 µm in diameter. Pharynx cylindrical, 30 µm in length and increased slightly in width towards the pharyngeal intestinal junction (PhIJ) at U34.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. S. lemnicola can be separated from the species within the genus that possess equally long posterior spines, e.g. Setopus abarbitus (Visvesvara, 1964), Setopus bisetosus (Thompson, 1891) Setopus dubius (Voigt, 1909), Setopus iunctus Greuter, 1917, Setopus primus Grünspan, 1908 . The remaining species with unequal posterior spines are Setopus aequatorialis Kisielewski, 1991, Setopus chatticus (Schwank, 1990) and Setopus tongiorgii (Balsamo, 1983) . All three species can be differentiated from S. lemnicola because they have a cuticle more or less covered by scales and a higher number of usually different spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D1AFFF0F2E0FAF78E1CFD29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D1CFFF0F2E0F9948BF8F837.text	03DD87DD6D1CFFF0F2E0F9948BF8F837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerurus nodicaudus (Voigt 1901) Voigt 1901	<div><p>Polymerurus nodicaudus (Voigt, 1901)</p><p>Syn. Chaetonotus nodicaudus Voigt, 1901</p><p>Syn. Polymerurus nodicaudus var. comatus (Greuter, 1917)</p><p>Localities. Waterloo and the Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 4 specimens.</p><p>Two morphologically different forms of this cosmopolitan species were found in Ontario. One of them is identical to those described from eastern Hesse, Germany. The spines at the base of the furca are quite elongated and the ventral interciliary area is covered by small spined scales only. On the contrary, the other morphological form has 18 small rectangular plates in the ventral neck region and the intestinal region is covered by small, spined scales. Both specimens have no spines close to the adhesive tubes. Description of these two specimens as separate species seems unjustified.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D1CFFF0F2E0F9948BF8F837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D1CFFF0F2E0FBB58F41FA37.text	03DD87DD6D1CFFF0F2E0FBB58F41FA37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymerurus rhomboides (Stokes 1887) Stokes 1887	<div><p>Polymerurus rhomboides (Stokes, 1887)</p><p>Syn. Chaetonotus rhomboides Stokes, 1887</p><p>Syn. Lepidoderma rhomboides (Stokes 1887) Syn. Polymerurus oligotrichus Remane, 1927 Syn. Polymerurus marcolongae Grosso, 1975</p><p>Localities. Waterloo and the Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 20 specimens.</p><p>Kisielewski (1979) hypothesize that P. oligotrichus and P. marcolongae are identical with the North American P. rhomboides based on material collected in Poland. This can now be confirmed based on the Canadian material, which is closer to the type locality in New Jersey, USA. The small oval scales are overlapping, or bordering marginally, or they are more widely spaced, depending upon the extent to which the animal is contracted. When the animal is not contracted, the cuticle shows the typical rhomboid pattern described by Stokes (1887a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D1CFFF0F2E0FBB58F41FA37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D1FFFF3F2E0FF7C8FD4F829.text	03DD87DD6D1FFFF3F2E0FF7C8FD4F829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidiophorus ontarioniensis Schwank 1990	<div><p>Aspidiophorus ontarioniensis Schwank, 1990</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Type locality. Among Lemna spp. and from muddy surfaces in ponds, Galt Creek, Puslinch district, Ontario, Canada.</p><p>Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8550 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Other material. 3 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. Species name derived from the province Ontario in Canada.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species, 120–140 µm in total body length. Head rounded with two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts. Hypostomion, epipleuria and ocellar granules absent. Furca straight, 18 µm long, with adhesive tubes 8–9 µm long. Dorsal body surface covered by pedunculate scales with rounded anterior part and indented posterior part distributed in 17–19 columns in the head and neck region and 9 columns in the trunk region. All scales without keels. The last 2–3 lateral scales with endplates elongated into a simple spine up to 20 µm long. A pair of 25 µm long simple parafurcal spines anchored by round to oval scales also present. Ventral interciliary area covered by 25 rows of minute pedunculate scales. Pharynx 30–35 µm long.</p><p>Only parthenogenetic individuals were observed.</p><p>Description. A small and elegant species, 120–140 µm in total body length. Body tenpin-shaped. Head more or less rounded with two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts; posterior pair with considerably longer cilia (up to 15 µm) than those of the anterior pair. Cephalion very thin and close to the cuticle, 12 µm in width. Hypostomion and epipleuria absent. Hypopleuria small. Ocellar granules absent.</p><p>Body width 19 µm at the head (U07), 15 µm at the neck (U21), 24 µm at the trunk (U57) and 14 µm at the base of the furca (U81). Head delimited from trunk by neck constriction. Furca straight, 18 µm in length with adhesive tubes 8–9 µm in length. Proximal part of furca naked, adhesive tubes slightly curved. Anterior and posterior dorsal sensory bristles present, anterior pair anchored at U27 and posterior pair anchored directly on cuticle at U76. Head and neck covered by 17–19 dorsal columns of pedunculate scales distributed in 12–13 rows. Trunk covered by 9 dorsal columns of pedunculate scales distributed in 16–17 rows. The scales are without keels, with a rounded anterior part and indented posterior part. The peduncle is on average 1.5 µm in height. Scales of the dorsal trunk region measure 6–7 µm in length and 2–4 µm in width. The endplates of the last 2–3 lateral scales are elongated into simple spines, up to 20 µm in length. In addition a pair of simple parafurcal spines, 25 µm in length are anchored at U81 by small round to oval scales. The parafurcal spines extend beyond the tips of the furcal branches.</p><p>The ventral interciliary area is covered by 25 rows of minute pedunculate scales.</p><p>Mouth subterminal. Mouth tube very small, only 3 µm in diameter, and weakly cuticularized. Pharynx 30–35 µm in length with a small bulb at each end. PhIJ at U30.</p><p>Only parthenogenetic individuals were observed.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. Because of its very long posterior spines A. ontarioniensis can be morphologically separated from all Aspidiophorus without spines. There are 7 taxa within the genus that possess posterior spines: Aspidiophorus aster Martin, 1981, Aspidiophorus heterodermus heterodermus Saito, 1937, Aspidiophorus heterodermus levantinensis Kisielewski, 1999, Aspidiophorus longichaetus Kisielewski, 1986, Aspidiophorus pori Kisielewski, 1999, Aspidiophorus squammulosus (Roszczak, 1936) and Aspidiophorus tetrachaetus Kisielewski, 1986 . A. ontarioniensis can be separated from A. aster, A. heterodermus heterodermus, A. squammulosus and A. tetrachaetus in that it has a pair of parafurcal spines that extends beyond the furcal branches. Such spines are also present in A. heterodermus levantinensis, A. longichaetus and A. pori . In the case of A. heterodermus levantinensis there is a pair of simple parafurcal spines that extends just beyond the furca much as in A. ontarioniensis . However, A. heterodermus levantinensis also has a median group of spines in the posterior trunk region and does not possess the 2–3 pairs of lateral scales drawn out into spines. A. pori has several posterior spines that extend beyond the furcal branches and also a median group of spines in the posterior trunk region. The above characters of A. ontarioniensis together with the prominent hypostomion furrow separates it from the other species of Aspidiophorus . A. ontarioniensis is morphologically closely related to A. longichaetus . Both species share a pair of parafurcal spines that extend beyond the furcal branches (although they are more than twice as long in A. longichaetus) and they also share the 2–3 posteriormost lateral scales that are drawn out into simple spines. However,</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D1FFFF3F2E0FF7C8FD4F829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D11FFFDF2E0FEEE8AFDFE2A.text	03DD87DD6D11FFFDF2E0FEEE8AFDFE2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodermella Blake 1933	<div><p>Genus Lepidodermella Blake, 1933</p><p>Several species of this genus were found in Ontario. All of them were distinguishable from the known species but they could not be described completely because of the scarceness of material, e.g. Lepidodermella sp. C1 and L. sp. C2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D11FFFDF2E0FEEE8AFDFE2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D11FFFDF2E0FD9E8B94F82B.text	03DD87DD6D11FFFDF2E0FD9E8B94F82B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodermella forficulata Schwank 1990	<div><p>Lepidodermella forficulata Schwank, 1990</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Type locality. Among Lemna spp. in ponds near Galt Creek, Puslinch district.</p><p>Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8551 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Other material. 4 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. Species name derived from the forcipate furca.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small tenpin-shaped species, 120–125 µm in total body length. Cephalion present, pleuria absent. Hypostomion present. Furca forcipate, 30 µm in length with thin adhesive tubes that are terminally knobbed. Proximal parts of furcal branches covered by round smooth scales. Dorsal surface covered by 5–7 columns of smooth scales. One pair of parafurcal spines present and reach halfway down the length of the furcal branches. Ventrolateral scales with short simple spine distributed in 2–3 columns on either side of the body. Ventral interciliary area apparently naked or with poorly developed keels. A pair of ventral terminal scales present. Pharynx with slight terminal swellings, 30–32 µm in length.</p><p>Description. A small species, 120–125 µm in total body length. Body tenpin-shaped. Head rounded with large cephalion, 12 µm in diameter. Pleuria absent. Hypostomion present and similar to a clasp or a buckle. One pair of cephalic ciliary tufts. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles present, anterior pair anchored by papillae at U27 and posterior pair anchored by papillae at U74.</p><p>Body width 20–25 µm at the head (U06–07), 18–21 µm at the neck (U22), 25–30 µm at the trunk (U52) and 17–20 µm at the base of the furca (U74). The forcipate furca is 30 µm in length, adhesive tubes curved inwards, thin and terminally knobbed, 20–22 µm in length. The proximal parts of the furcal branches are completely covered by round, smooth scales. One pair of simple parafurcal spines 10–15 µm long, and reach approximately halfway down the forcipate furca. The head is covered by 7 columns of smooth scales (6–7 x 6–7 µm in length and width respectively). The trunk is covered by 5 columns of larger smooth scales, maximum 12 x 9 µm. Scales of neck and trunk region overlap. The scales are posteriorly hollowed out like a spoon (Fig. 5 C, D), their proximal rim is thickened.</p><p>There are 2–3 ventrolateral rows on either side with small, keeled scales that bear short simple spines (Fig. 5 E). The ventral interciliary area is apparently naked or with only slight developed keels. Ventral plates or scales could not be observed in the pharynx or intestinal region. A pair of ventral terminal scales present.</p><p>Mouth subterminal, 4–6 µm in diameter. Pharynx with weak terminal swellings, 30–32 µm in length. PhIJ at U30.</p><p>Only parthenogenetic individuals were observed.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. L. forficulata can be separated from most species within the genus based on the forcipate furca, the parafurcal spines, and the ventrolateral short-spined scales. There are only three species within Lepidodermella that possess parafurcal spines, Lepidodermella intermedia Kånneby, Todaro &amp; Jondelius, 2012, Lepidodermella minor chaetifer Kisielewski, 1991 and Lepidodermella spinifera Tretjakova, 1991 . L. intermedia and L. minor chaetifer also have spined ventrolateral scales, but possess a pharyngeal tooth as well as differently shaped dorsal scales, and have at least the posterior part of the interciliary area covered by scales. L. spinifera possesses a somewhat forcipate furca, but in all other aspects, including shape and distribution of scales, it is very different from L. forficulata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D11FFFDF2E0FD9E8B94F82B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D13FFFFF2E0FE7B8F5AFC1D.text	03DD87DD6D13FFFFF2E0FE7B8F5AFC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ichthydium	<div><p>Ichthydium sp. C4</p><p>Localities. A pond near Galt Creek, Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 1 specimen.</p><p>A very slender and elongate species, 130–150 µm in total body length. Head slightly five-lobed with two pairs of short sensory ciliary tufts. Head barely delimited from trunk by a narrow neck constriction. Posterior trunk region very conspicuous, extensible like a telescope or spyglass. The furcal branches with adhesive tubes very thin and pointed. The cuticle is completely naked and very thin. Two thick tubercles are situated on either side of the furca, both with a sensory bristle. Anterior dorsal sensory bristles absent. Pharynx cylindrical approximately 1/5 of the total body length (26–30 µm). The animals crawled very fast and readily attached to the substratum by their adhesive tubes.</p><p>This taxon is definitely distinct from all known species of Ichthydium and it is surely a new species to science. It resembles species within the subgenus Ichthydium (Ichthydium) and is probably morphologically closely related to elongate species such as Ichthydium maximum Greuter, 1917 and Ichthydium leptum Brunson, 1949 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D13FFFFF2E0FE7B8F5AFC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4.text	03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ichthydium malleum Schwank 1990	<div><p>Ichthydium malleum Schwank, 1990</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Type locality. Among Lemna spp. and Wolffia spp. and on muddy substrata in ponds, Galt Creek, Puslinch district, Ontario, Canada.</p><p>Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8552 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Material: 2 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. Species name derived from the mallet-shaped head.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species, 120 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with conspicuously widened hammerlike posterior lobes. Two pairs of short sensory ciliary tufts, anterior pair anchored by papillae. One pair of cilia present on the bulges of the posterior head lobes. Body completely devoid of scales, hyaline in appearance, with irregular lateral folds. Pharynx 30 µm in length.</p><p>Description. A small very delicate and frail species, 120 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with the posterior lobes conspicuously widened. Their shape is angular like a hammer. Cuticular head plates absent. Two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts. Anterior pair anchored by papillae and substantially shorter than posterior pair. One pair of extra cilia also present on the anterior dorsal side of the bulges of the posterior head lobes. Posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles inserted at U82.</p><p>Body width 20–22 µm at the head (U09), 14–16 µm at the neck (U19), 18–20 µm at the trunk (U62) and 11–12 µm at the base of the furca (U89). Furca short and straight, 13–15 µm in length, with adhesive tubes constituting 9–10 µm of the total furca length. The cuticle is very thin, hyaline, and naked. It is mostly folded irregularly.</p><p>Ventral surface naked except for ventral locomotory cilia.</p><p>Mouth subterminal, 3–4 µm in diameter. Pharynx, 30 µm in length, narrow, cylindrical, widens only very slightly towards the PhIJ at U30.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. The diagnostic protuberant bulging head lobes of I. malleum differentiate this species from other similar naked species, e.g. I. podura, I. maximum, and Ichthydium pellucidum Preobrajenskaja, 1926 . Other species with a naked pellucid cuticle are Ichthydium rostrum Roszczak, 1969 and Ichthydium galeatum Konsuloff, 1921, but these species have very well developed cuticular head plates. I. malleum seems morphologically closely related to the following species: Ichthydium auritum Brunson, 1950, which has two earlike flaps on the head, no dorsal bristles, and angular adhesive tubes; Ichthydium macrocapitatum Sudzuki, 1971 and Ichthydium macropharyngistum Brunson, 1949, both of which have 4 earlike flaps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D13FFFFF2E0FF7C8BA2FE5F.text	03DD87DD6D13FFFFF2E0FF7C8BA2FE5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ichthydium podura	<div><p>Ichthydium cf. podura (sp. C2) (Müller 1773)</p><p>During the survey, five taxa were discovered that all bear similarity to I. podura . However, their identity could not be exactly determined because of lack of material. The shape of all specimens was short and stocky. The head was wide and the furca was short.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D13FFFFF2E0FF7C8BA2FE5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D12FFF9F2E0F8B489CDFEC4.text	03DD87DD6D12FFF9F2E0F8B489CDFEC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterolepidoderma brevitubulatum Kisielewski 1981	<div><p>Heterolepidoderma brevitubulatum Kisielewski, 1981</p><p>Localities. Ponds near Waterloo and in the Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 7 specimens.</p><p>This species has a very elongate body. Head with one pair of long sensory ciliary tufts. Furca with conspicuously short, sometimes slightly curved, notched adhesive tubes. Two distinct scales stick out on either side of the caudal incision. The numerous and very short dorsal keels are hardly perceptible. The precise shape of the scales could not be determined.</p><p>The Canadian specimens are very similar to descriptions of European specimens. The only noticeable difference is the higher number of keels in the Canadian specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D12FFF9F2E0F8B489CDFEC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D15FFF9F2E0FA9789ADF949.text	03DD87DD6D15FFF9F2E0FA9789ADF949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) greuteri	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) cf. greuteri (sp. C5) Remane, 1927</p><p>Localities. A pond near Galt Creek, Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 2 specimens.</p><p>A minute and elongate animal. Head three-lobed with one pair of sensory ciliary tufts. Rudimentary epipleuria present with hypopleuria sticking out behind. Dorsal spines very short, somewhat longer in the trunk region. A pair of spines at the base of the furca, two to three times as long as the spines of the trunk. Ventral field with a pair of terminal scales. Pharynx cylindrical, rather thick.</p><p>Unfortunately the material was too scarce to fully describe this apparently new species. The species is morphologically closely related to Chaetonotus (C.) greuteri Remane, 1927 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D15FFF9F2E0FA9789ADF949	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D15FFF9F2E0FE5E880BFB42.text	03DD87DD6D15FFF9F2E0FE5E880BFB42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta) trichostichodes Schwank 1990	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta) cf. trichostichodes Schwank, 1990</p><p>Localities. A pond in the Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 1 specimen.</p><p>A very small animal, only 90 µm in total body length. Unfortunately the single specimen was lost before sufficient observations could be made.</p><p>Body 18 µm at its widest point. Head with distinct cephalion and two pairs of short sensory ciliary tufts. Furca only 9–11 µm in total length. Scales are keeled and without spines; the edges are very hard to observe because of the small size. Nine to ten dorsal columns with approximately 18–20 scales in each column. In the middle of the trunk region, four straight simple spines, 18–20 µm, form a girdle. The dorsal scales lateral to the girdle have distinct spines, which are much shorter than the spines of the girdle. Two pairs of elongate spines are situated at the base of the furcal branches. The posterior pair 6–7 µm in length and the anterior pair 3–4 µm in length. A longer spine, 9–10 µm can be seen in the area of the caudal incision between the furcal branches. None of these 5 spines extend beyond the furcal branches.</p><p>Pharynx with two bulbs, the posterior one is twice the size of the anterior one.</p><p>The animal is very short and stumpy and therefore very similar to the small species Chaetonotus (Z.) trichostichodes Brunson, 1950 and Chaetonotus (Z.) pygmaeus Schwank, 1990 . However, both of those species have more reduced scales and 5 girdle spines compared to only 4 girdle spines in the studied specimen, and neither has elongated spines at the caudal end.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D15FFF9F2E0FE5E880BFB42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D15FFFBF2E0F9468ECBFCA6.text	03DD87DD6D15FFFBF2E0F9468ECBFCA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) furculatus Schwank 1990	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) furculatus Schwank, 1990</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Type locality. In mud and mosses in ponds near Galt Creek, Puslinch district, Ontario, Canada. Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8553 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Other material. 7 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the shape of the caudal furca.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small and slender species, 100–140 µm in total body length. Head three-lobed with one pair of sensory ciliary tufts. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles. Furca 20–25 µm in length with adhesive tubes 15–20 µm in length. Adhesive tubes pointing outwards at their distal ends. Dorsal surface covered by 8–9 columns of arrowhead-shaped scales with a simple spine distributed in approximately 30 rows. Pharynx cylindrical, 23–25 µm in length.</p><p>Description. Small species with slender, elongated body 100–140 µm in total body length. Head three-lobed with well developed cephalion, 9 µm in diameter, and pleuria. One pair of sensory ciliary tufts.</p><p>Body width 13–14 µm at the head (U08), 11–12 µm at the neck (U12), 17–18 µm at the trunk (U47) and 9–10 µm at the base of the furca (U85). Head only slightly delimited from trunk by neck constriction. Furca 20–25 µm in length, conspicuously elongated with adhesive tubes contributing to 15–20 µm of the total furca length. Base of furcal branches naked, adhesive tubes pointing outward at their distal end. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles present, anterior pair anchored at U20 and posterior pair anchored at U73. Dorsal surface covered by 8–9 columns, each with approximately 30 small arrowhead-shaped scales. Scales bear a simple, curved spine, 2–5 µm in length. Spines only marginally increase in length from anterior to posterior end.</p><p>The ventral surface could not be observed.</p><p>Mouth relatively large, 5–6 µm in diameter. Pharynx cylindrical, 23–25 µm in length, and widens slightly towards the PhIJ at U23.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. C. (C.) furculatus can be differentiated from many species within the C. ( Chaetonotus) complex based on its three-lobed head with only one pair of sensory ciliary tufts. It can be separated by the nature of its furca and the scales from the similar Chaetonotus (C.) formosus Stokes, 1887 . Chaetonotus (C.) africanus Schwank, 1990 bears spines that are much longer than the furcal branches. The head of Chaetonotus (C.) greuteri is wider than its trunk and additionally the spines increase significantly in length from 7 µm on the head to 17–19 µm in the posterior trunk region; in C. (C.) furculatus the spines are up to 5 µm only. Chaetonotus (C.) corderoi Schwank, 1990 has a broad, rounded head and much longer spines than C. (C.) furculatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D15FFFBF2E0F9468ECBFCA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D17FFFBF2E0FC648B41FAB3.text	03DD87DD6D17FFFBF2E0FC648B41FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) oculifer Kisielewski 1981	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) cf. oculifer Kisielewski, 1981</p><p>Localities. A pond near Galt Creek, Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 1 specimen.</p><p>Very small and stocky specimen, 80–85 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts. Two pairs of ocellar granules present. Head 23–25 µm wide.</p><p>Seven to eight dorsal columns, each with 20–23 strongly curved spines 6–7 µm in length. Spines only marginally increase in size towards the posterior end. Pharynx 25 µm in length, with weak terminal swellings.</p><p>This specimen is very similar to Chaetonotus (C.) oculifer Kisielewski, 1981 and also to Chaetonotus (C.) oculatus Schwank, 1990 . However, since the shape of the scales could not be distinguished a definite identification was not possible. Chaetonotus (C.) splendidus Preobrajenskaja, 1926 has many more spines and a head wider than the trunk.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D17FFFBF2E0FC648B41FAB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D17FFE5F2E0FA0D8FDEFE09.text	03DD87DD6D17FFE5F2E0FA0D8FDEFE09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) ontariensis Schwank 1990	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) ontariensis Schwank, 1990</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Type locality. In wet mosses, Galt Creek, Puslinch district, Ontario, Canada.</p><p>Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8554 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Other material. 2 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. Species name derived from the province of Ontario in Canada.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species, 120–130 µm in total body length. Head weakly five-lobed with two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts. Head as wide as trunk. Furca straight, 10–15 µm in length with thin adhesive tubes. Seven columns of dorsal scales in head/neck region and 5 columns of dorsal scales in trunk region. Scales are bluntly arrowheadshaped with deep posterior incision and thick strongly curved spines. Both scales and spines increase in size from anterior to posterior. Pharynx 26–27 µm.</p><p>Description. A typical species of Chaetonotus, 120–130 µm in total body length. Head weakly five-lobed with two pairs of short sensory ciliary tufts. Head plates weakly cuticularized, cephalion 9 µm in diameter. Dorsal sensory bristles not observed.</p><p>Body width 21 µm at the head (U07), 16–17 µm at the neck (U18), 21 µm at the trunk (U53) and 9–10 µm at the base of the furca (U88). Head as wide as trunk but well delimited by a neck constriction. Furca straight, 10–15 µm in length, and somewhat separated from the trunk by weak constriction. Adhesive tubes are thin and account for 5–8 µm of the total furca length. Proximal parts of furcal branches naked. In the head/neck region there are 7 columns of dorsal scales and in the dorsal trunk region only 5 columns of scales. Dorsal scales are distributed in 18 rows and increase in size from anterior to posterior end. The arrowhead-shaped scales are deeply incised distally, without keels. Their edges are slightly rounded. Spines increase in length from 2–3 µm at the head to 10 µm in the trunk region.</p><p>The ventral surface could not be observed.</p><p>Mouth subterminal, 4–5 µm in diameter. Pharynx, 26–27 µm in length, widens towards the PhIJ at U25.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. Based on its short, simple spines and arrowhead-shaped scales, C. (C.) ontariensis is closely related to a group of species comprising among others Chaetonotus (C.) brevispinosus Zelinka, 1889 and Chaetonotus (C.) polyspinosus Greuter, 1917 . The low number of scales indicates a relationship with C. (C.) brevispinosus but this species has a higher number of dorsal columns and thinner trunk spines. C. (C.) oculatus Schwank, 1990 has a pair of ocellar granules, longer sensory ciliary tufts and a higher total number of dorsal scales. Species within the series polyspinosus and multispinosus (see Schwank 1990) have many more dorsal spines. Chaetonotus (C.) vulgaris Brunson, 1950 is similar but apparently this species has no scales that anchor the spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D17FFE5F2E0FA0D8FDEFE09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D09FFE5F2E0FC7389A0F9F1.text	03DD87DD6D09FFE5F2E0FC7389A0F9F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Captochaetus) simrothi	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Captochaetus) cf. simrothi (sp. C8)</p><p>Localities. A pond near Galt Creek, Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 2 specimens.</p><p>Large specimens, more than 250 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with equal-sized lobes. Two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts, posterior pair with very long cilia. Cephalion very large, overlapping the head. Hypostomion present and looks like a clasp or buckle.</p><p>The dorsal trunk scales are similar to those of Chaetonotus (C.) simrothi Voigt, 1909 . They are slightly pentagonal, keeled along 2/3 of their lengths, and strongly incised posteriorly. The edges of the scales are more rounded anteriorly than posteriorly. Each scale bears a simple spine that is very thick for the first third of the length; the spine subsequently bends abruptly and becomes very thin. The latter character is especially true for the lateral spines. Spines at the base of the furca almost reach the distal tips of the adhesive tubes. A field of very short spines is situated dorsally in the posterior trunk region.</p><p>The ventral interciliary field is covered by 10 columns of minute, short-spined scales. A pair of ventral terminal scales is present.</p><p>The mouth is very wide, as in C. (C.) simrothi and bears distinct spines.</p><p>This species may be related to the simrothi -group (see Schwank 1990).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D09FFE5F2E0FC7389A0F9F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D09FFE5F2E0FD868820FCEF.text	03DD87DD6D09FFE5F2E0FD868820FCEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) similis	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) cf. similis (sp. C2) Zelinka, 1889</p><p>Localities. A pond near Erbsville, Waterloo district.</p><p>Material. 1 specimen.</p><p>This species seems to be closely related to Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) similis Zelinka, 1889 . The spines are much thinner than in C. (C.) similis and the accessory points of the spines are very hard to observe. The head and neck spines are very short. They only gradually increase in length from anterior to posterior. The average number of spines is higher than in C. (C.) similis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D09FFE5F2E0FD868820FCEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D09FFE6F2E0F96388E2FF21.text	03DD87DD6D09FFE6F2E0F96388E2FF21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) annae Schwank 1990	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) annae Schwank, 1990</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Type locality. Among Lemna spp. in ponds, Galt Creek, Puslinch district, Ontario, Canada. Type material. Drawing of one specimen. Lectotype, SMNH Type-8555 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.</p><p>Other material. 4 specimens that are no longer extant.</p><p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to my friend Anne Möhle.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized species, 140–160 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with two pairs of short, scanty ciliary tufts. Furca forcipate, 19–20 µm long, with reduced proximal part and pointed adhesive tubes. Dorsal surface covered by 4-6 columns of anteriorly rounded and posteriorly indented smooth scales with straight simple spines. Lateral spines on average two to three times as long as the dorsal spines. Posteriormost dorsal and lateral spines, up to 39–40 µm in length, positioned in the posterior trunk region. Posterior to these spines the dorsal trunk is covered by 7 columns of smaller keeled scales. Ventral interciliary area covered by rectangular transverse scale plates with jagged anterior edges. Posteriormost interciliary area covered by small, rounded, triangular, keeled scales with very short simple spines. Pharynx 29–30 µm in length.</p><p>Description. Medium-sized species with a stocky tenpin-shaped body, 140–160 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with scarcely cuticularized cephalion, 13 µm in width, and pleuria. Two pairs of short and scanty sensory ciliary tufts; posterior pair with longer cilia than anterior pair.</p><p>Body width 23–28 µm at the head (U08), approximately 20 µm at the neck (U19), 26–30 µm at the trunk (U59) and 15–16 µm at the base of the furca (U83). Head delimited from trunk by neck constriction that gradually widens into the trunk, which reaches its greatest width approximately 2/3 of the way down the length of the body. Furca forcipate, 19–20 µm in length, elongate with pointed adhesive tubes. Proximal parts of furcal branches are naked and reduced. Two pairs of dorsal sensory bristles, anterior pair anchored at U17. Dorsal surface covered by 4–6 columns with 19–21 anteriorly rounded and posteriorly indented smooth scales with straight simple spines. Length of scales and spines increases towards the posterior end. On the head, scales are widely spaced and are a quarter or less of the size of the largest scales of the trunk region. Scales of the trunk region measure 8–12 µm in length and 6–9 µm in width. The dorsal spines are 5–6 µm long at the neck and 15–20 µm long in the trunk region. The lateral spines are on average three to four times as long as the dorsal spines. The posteriormost 4 long, up to 39–40 µm in length, dorsal and lateral simple spines, are situated at U 69 in the posterior trunk region. Posterior to these spines the dorsal trunk is covered by seven columns of smaller keeled scales in 5 rows. Most of them do not carry spines but five more or less median spines and a pair of short parafurcal spines are situated at the posteriormost end of the dorsal trunk. These spines are 8–12 µm long and much shorter than the furcal branches.</p><p>Ventrolateral areas covered by 2–3 columns of keeled scales at either side. Ventral interciliary area, from neck region to posterior trunk region, covered by 26–30 rectangular transverse scale plates, 4–5 µm x 14–15 µm, with jagged anterior edges. Posteriormost interciliary area covered by 7–8 columns each with 7–8 small, rounded, triangular, keeled scales with very short simple spines. Ventral ciliation in two separate longitudinal bands.</p><p>Mouth very small, 3–4 µm in diameter. Pharynx approximately 29–30 µm in length with anterior and posterior muscular bulbs. PhIJ at U23.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. Originally designated as Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta) annae by Schwank (1990) we decided to classify this species within Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) instead. This because all the morphologically closely related species formerly classified as C. (Zonochaeta) are now found within C. ( Primochaetus). Moreover, the morphological characters of our species agree better with the diagnosis of C. ( Primochaetus), which had not been published in 1990, than with that of C. (Zonochaeta).</p><p>C. (P.) annae can easily be separated from the bulk of Chaetonotus species because of its forcipate furca and its peculiar arrangement of scales in the interciliary area. There are three species with a forcipate furca and a similar arrangement of the interciliary scales: Chaetonotus (P.) macrolepidotus macrolepidotus Greuter, 1917, Chaetonotus (P.) macrolepidotus ophiogaster Remane, 1927 and Chaetonotus (P.) soberanus Grosso &amp; Drahg, 1983 . C. (P.) macrolepidotus macrolepidotus can be separated from C. (P.) annae because the former has an interciliary field that is completely covered by small spined scales and a dorsal posteriormost surface that is mostly naked. C. (P.) macrolepidotus ophiogaster has much shorter, if any, dorsal and lateral spines and the posterior ventral interciliary area is covered by apparently larger, oval, smooth spineless scales. C. (P.) annae appears to be morphologically most closely related to C. (P.) soberanus . However, C. (P.) soberanus differs by virtue of its possession of the following characteristics: (i) Grosso &amp; Drahg (1983) do not describe keeled scales ventrally; (ii) there is only one pair of longer spines at the base of the furca; (iii) all the scales of C. (P.) soberanus are strongly overlapping; (iv) ventrolateral scale rows seem to be absent in C. (P.) soberanus; (v) the locomotory cilia bands are situated more laterally and they do not reach the mouth region; and (vi) fewer ventral plates (only 11–12) that reach only from the posterior neck region to the middle of the trunk region.</p><p>Another character worth mentioning is that a third, wide longitudinal band of cilia was observed on the ventral side, medially in the head and neck region of one specimen. Whether this is due to a deformation or if it was some kind of artifact or possibly even a true observation could not be determined. However, it is the first time that a feature like this is reported for any gastrotrich.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D09FFE6F2E0F96388E2FF21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FAAF8EBCF99C.text	03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FAAF8EBCF99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) aemilianus Balsamo 1978	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) aemilianus Balsamo, 1978</p><p>Localities. A pond near Waterloo and a pond in the Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 6 specimens.</p><p>The Canadian samples contain 4 variations of the very variable C. (H.) aemilianus . One of them, designated Chaetonotus sp. C7, is so different that it should be described as a new species once more material can be acquired.</p><p>Chaetonotus sp. C7 has 10–12 macrospines in the trunk region. True base scales are absent and the spines are anchored by cuticular protuberances. The macrospines are arranged in 5 columns, there are no short spines on the dorsal surface. Short spines are present laterally. Dorsal scales without spines could not be observed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FAAF8EBCF99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FEEE8E6FFD12.text	03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FEEE8E6FFD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) cordiformis Greuter 1917	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) cf. cordiformis Greuter, 1917</p><p>Localities. A pond near Erbsville, Waterloo district.</p><p>Material. 1 specimen.</p><p>Large species with a squat body, as in Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) heideri Brehm, 1917 and C. (P.) cordiformis, 150–200 µm in total body length. The head is overlapped by the head spines as in C. (P.) heideri . The proximal parts of the furcal branches are reduced. Adhesive tubes are very thin and constitute 4/5 of the total furca length. The total number of scales is low, only 6–8 dorsal columns each with 12–13 rounded scales. The spines extend out almost perpendicular to the body surface and are simple in comparison to the dentate spines of C. (P.) heideri and C. (P.) cordiformis . The spines are much longer in the trunk region than in the head region. The posteriormost spines are as long as the furcal branches but do not overshoot them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FEEE8E6FFD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FCBC8B8EFBA3.text	03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FCBC8B8EFBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) heteracanthus Remane 1927	<div><p>Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) cf. heteracanthus Remane, 1927</p><p>Localities. A pond near Galt Creek, Puslinch district.</p><p>Material. 1 specimen.</p><p>A slender species with elongate posterior end. Head five-lobed with two pairs of long sensory ciliary tufts. Head and neck with very short spines. Trunk spines gradually increase in length towards the posterior end, none of them extend beyond the furcal branches. The shape of the scales could not be observed.</p><p>As opposed to Chaetonotus (P.) tenuis Grünspan (1908) and Chaetonotus (P.) heteracanthus Remane, 1927, there are no thick, long spines at the posterior end. This species is probably new to science but cannot be described because of lack of material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D0AFFE6F2E0FCBC8B8EFBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwank, Peter;Kånneby, Tobias	Schwank, Peter, Kånneby, Tobias (2014): Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America. Zootaxa 3811 (4): 463-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3
