taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DD87E8FF805B1EFF77FA816634F5D7.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF805B1EFF77FA816634F5D7.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined Holotype Male (SPC 0003) from Lakroda Dam in Gandhinagar, 23 ° 27 ' 0.87 '' N, 72 ° 48 ' 27.75 '' E, Gujarat, India, 115 m. alt., 1 August 2023, (Figs 3 and 4). Paratype 1 male (SPC 0004) from Gadhvi village in Dang, 20 ° 50 ' 24.51 " N, 73 ° 41 ' 6.14 " E, Gujarat, India, 462 m. alt., 28 July 2024. 1 Female (SPC 0005) from Sasan village in Gir-Somanath, 21 ° 10 ' 6.31 " N, 70 ° 35 ' 12.84 " E, Gujarat, India, 165 m. alt., 12 July 2024. All specimens were collected by R. A. Dave through the hand-picking method from the ground.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF805B1EFF77FA816634F5D7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Based on the latest synopsis and key (Golovatch 2023), the presence of well-developed paranota, granulated metazona, indistinct pleural keels, and the absence of tarsal brushes from male legs, along with a sternal lamella or paramedian tubercles present between male coxae 4, a gonopod aperture with a posterior rim and a shortened gonopod femorite, are all indicative of this species belonging to Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897, basically an Indian genus (Golovatch 2023). Among the seven presently known species of Chondromorpha, our new species differs from C. severini Silvestri, 1897 in the presence of a pair of sternal tubercles between male coxae 4, from C. xanthotricha Attems, 1898 and C. greke Golovatch, 2023 by the absence of an anterolateral tooth from paranota, from C. kelaarti Humbert, 1865 by an angular shoulder on the metaterga and trapezoid single sternal lobes between male coxae 4, and from C. kaimura Turk, 1947 in a slender and high paramedian process between male coxae 4. It is also distinguished from C. mammifera Attems, 1936 by the orange colour of the posterior part of metazona (Sankaran & Sebastian 2017). Meanwhile, C. stadelmanni Verhoeff, 1930 is dubious, being known only from a female holotype from Sri Lanka (Verhoeff 1930).	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF805B1EFF77FA816634F5D7.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet " lakroda " is a meaningful name that was chosen to honour the specific locality where the type specimen was originally collected.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF805B1EFF77FA816634F5D7.taxon	description	Description Length 24 – 27 mm (male) or 27 – 29 mm (female); width of midbody prozona 2 mm, metazona 3 mm for both male and female. Colour. Adults brownish black with orange legs. Antennae black. Metazona and prozona both brownish black. Posterior parts of metazona orange and connected to paranota. Posterior parts of pleurites orange-yellow. Sternites pale yellow to orange. Legs and gonopods same in colouration as paranota. Head and Antennae. Head slightly narrower than collum in width. Clypeus and labrum densely setose, vertex sparsely setose. Epicranial suture distinct. Antennae long, reaching until ring 5 when stretched dorsally. In length, antennomere 2> 3 = 4 = 5> 6> 1> 7; tip with four sensory cones. Collum semi-circular. Surface with 3 rows of setae: 6 + 6 in anterior, 3 + 3 in intermediate, and 4 + 4 in posterior row; colour of dorsal surface brownish in central region, peripheral region yellowish orange. Tegument. Body submoniliform. In width, ring 2 <3 <4 = 5 − 17, thereafter body tapering towards telson. Surface granulated. Stricture between prozona and metazona wide, quite profound. Metazona with three transverse rows of setae, 4 / 5 + 4 / 5 setae in anterior row, 3 / 4 + 3 / 4 setae in intermediate row, and 4 / 5 + 4 / 5 setae in posterior row. Transverse metatergal sulci usually distinct on rings 4 – 17, not reaching the bases of paranota, these being reduced on rings 18 and 19. Paranota set high and triangular, lying parallel to axial line and below dorsal surface; broad until ring 7, acute thereafter. Anterolateral tooth on paranota absent. Paranota placed slightly lower than collum. Limbus thin. Ozopores small and circular, formula normal (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15 – 19), ozopores located in mid-lateral part of paranota. A pair of tubercles present between male coxae 4. Sterna sparsely setose. Telson. Epiproct broadly truncated, its tip with four spinnerets. Paraprocts nearly semi-circular, with four distinct setiferous knobs. Hypoproct semi-circular, without knobs. Legs long and slender, in male without tarsal brushes. relative podomere lengths: femur> tarsus> tibia> postfemur> prefemur; leg 1 without adenostyle; male femora 1 and 2 each with an adenostyle. Gonopod aperture with a posterior rim. Coxite long, subcylindrical, setose distodorsally. Cannula cylindrical in shape. Prefemorite slightly longer than both femorite and postfemoral part, densely setose as usual, with a long and stiff seta in distal region and a distal sulcus demarcating the acropodite. Femorite shortened, not twisted, slightly cube-shaped opposite basal postfemoral process (Fig. 1 B). Postfemoral demarcation from femorite consisting of a solenophore, a solenomere, and postfemoral processes (Figs 1 B, C). Solenophore long and strongly curved. Solenomere flagelliform, simple and long, with a broad base, slightly curved, distal part sheathed by lamina lateralis (Fig. 1 D). Seminal groove visible on mesal side.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF805B1EFF77FA816634F5D7.taxon	discussion	Remarks The new species shows a rapid walking pace and is commonly found in the vicinity of Gandhinagar, Dang and Gir-Somnath District in Gujarat, India (Fig. 4). While seven species of Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 have been formally described, only one has hitherto been documented from Gujarat previously (Attems 1936). The new species is thus the second congener to be recorded from Gujarat.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF875B1EFF77FC5F664FF12F.taxon	description	The genus Streptogonopus Attems, 1914 encompasses six distinct species, each with unique geographic distributions and morphological characteristics. The distribution of Streptogonopus species varies across different regions. S. jerdani Pocock, 1892 and S. nitens Attems 1936 are exclusively found in India, while S. phipsoni Pocock, 1892 shows a wider distribution across various oriental regions such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Additionally, S. degerboelae Golovatch, 2000 and S. montanus Nguyen et al., 2016 are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, specifically in Thailand and Vietnam, respectively. S. neglectus Jeekel, 2004 was initially described in the East African country Eritrea, but has since also been observed in West African countries like Senegal and Mauritania (GBIF. com). S. phipsoni and S. montanus have been found in high-altitudinal regions (Nguyen et al. 2016, Golovatch & Martens 2018). This genus is characterized by distinct morphological features, notably the solenophore and solenomere twisting. Solenomere is sheathed by the solenophore (Figs 6, 7). Within this genus, two distinct groups can be identified based on the size of their paranota: one group with short or absent paranota, including S. jerdani and S. degerboelae, and the other group with well-developed paranota, comprising the remaining species (Nguyen et al. 2016). Two Streptogonopus species have been identified in the Gujarat region of India: S. nitens and S. phipsoni. While S. phipsoni is distributed throughout India, S. nitens was recorded only once at Ahmedabad in 1936 (Attems 1936), although it is known to inhabit various parts of the Gujarat state.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF875B10FF77F92E61A1F51F.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Male (SPC 0006) from Gujarat University in Ahmedabad, 23 ° 2 ' 14.9 '' N, 72 ° 32 ' 45.86 '' E, Gujarat, India, 68 m. alt., 5 August 2023, R. A. Dave (Fig. 6). Female (SPC 0007) from Bhuj in Kutch, 23 ° 10 ' 53.36 " N, 69 ° 40 ' 2.34 " E, Gujarat, India, 224 m. alt., 7 August 2023. R. A. Dave.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF875B10FF77F92E61A1F51F.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat Preferences: Streptogonopus nitens Attems, 1936 prefer habitats characterized by humid conditions and black and sandy soil. It thrives mainly in soil with high water content, indicating a preference for environments with ample moisture. This species shows swarming behaviour (Fig. 9 D). Seasonal Occurrence in Gujarat: In the Gujarat region of India, this species is observed for a relatively short time. It emerges from its habitat around early June and remains active until the beginning of August. This narrow activity window suggests a specific seasonal pattern in the Gujarat region.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF875B10FF77F92E61A1F51F.taxon	description	Morphology: The identification of S. nitens is facilitated by its unique and discernible morphological features. Colouration predominantly brown, with the metazona displaying a smooth surface interrupted by a transverse sulcus across their dorsal sides. Both the legs and antennae share brown colouration, while the tarsal region of the legs is notably yellow. Paranota rounded posteriorly. Pleurosternal carinae, caudally rounded, and lobiform are the main characteristics of S. nitens. Lateral keels of ring 2 project neither anteriorly nor posteriorly, narrow and developed thereafter only in the posterior two-thirds of the metazonite, gradually vanishing in the first third (Attems 1936) (Fig. 6). The gonopods show distinct morphological features. Long coxite and relatively short prefemorite. Broad femorite with a short and blunt tooth near its apex. Acropodite displays a spiral twist, contributing to their unique configuration (Fig. 5). These illustrations match exactly those provided by Attems (1936).	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF895B12FF77F9E66138F6D3.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Male (SPC 0008) from Timbavadi in Junagadh, 21 ° 30 ' 17.93 '' N, 70 ° 26 ' 1.63 '' E, Gujarat, India, 82 m. alt., 9 August 2023, R. A. Dave (Fig. 8).	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF895B12FF77F9E66138F6D3.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat Preferences: Streptogonopus phipsoni Pocock, 1892 is found in various places in India. Grassy, black soil is the habitat of this species. Seasonal Occurrence in Gujarat: This species seems to show a higher tolerance capacity to survive than S. nitens. This species emerges in mid-June and remains active until the end of October in Gujarat. In unassertive conditions, it tries to move upward over the grass or small plants (Fig. 9 C).	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF895B12FF77F9E66138F6D3.taxon	description	Morphology: S. phipsoni is smaller in size as compared to S. nitens. Colouration chestnut. Metazona smooth, but behind the transverse sulcus, it has yellow straps. Both legs and antennae share brown colouration, while tarsal region of legs is notably yellow. Pleurosternal carinae caudally dentiform, vs lobiform in S. nitens. The lateral keels of the 2 nd ring are long and set below the level of the following rings (Attems 1936) (Fig. 8). Both species of Streptogonopus Attems, 1914 are quite similar in morphology, but they can easily be distinguished by their gonopod structures. The gonopod prefemorite is short in the S. phipsoni as compared to S. nitens. The femorite is short and broad. The acropodite is more strongly spiralled and curved, and narrowly pointed (Fig. 7). These features are identical to those illustrated by Attems (1936) for S. phipsoni.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8A5B13FF77FA36679CF0FB.taxon	description	The genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 comprises seven accepted species, with India hosting four. Specifically, C. severini Silvestri, 1897 is found in South India, C. kelaarti Humbert, 1865 in South India and West Bengal, C. kaimura Turk, 1947 in Bihar, and C. mammifera Attems, 1936 along the Orissa Coast, Bombay Presidency, Bihar, and South India. The remaining two species are C. stadelmanni Verhoeff, 1930, endemic to Sri Lanka, and C. xanthotricha Attems, 1898, pantropical, but historically uncertain for its presence in India (Attems 1936; Sankaran and Sebastian 2017), whereas C. greke has been described from Nepal (Golovatch 2023). The Indian species of this genus are differentiated based on the number of prominences on their male sterna. One group shows a single prominence, including C. severini and C. kelaarti, while the other group presents a pair and comprises C. mammifera and C. kaimura (Sankaran & Sebastian 2017). In Gujarat, two Chondromorpha species have been found for the first time in our study. The presence of the cosmopolitan C. xanthotricha Attems, 1898 in Gujarat confirms its occurrence in India.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8D5B14FF77FF1A6133F4FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: 1 male (SPC 0009) from Gadhvi village in Dang, 20 ° 50 ' 24.51 " N, 73 ° 41 ' 6.14 " E, Gujarat, India, 462 m. alt., 28 July 2024, R A. Dave (Fig. 11).	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8D5B14FF77FF1A6133F4FF.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat Preferences: Chondromorpha kelaarti Humbert, 1865 is found in gravel and dumped soil. In the monsoon season, adults of this species are found solitary and walking on the path of the village and forest area of Dang District in Gujarat. Moreover, this species is found in the city area's metalled road, this observation being the same by Bhakat (1989). Seasonal Occurrence in Gujarat: This species emerges from the soil at the onset of the monsoon around mid-June and persists until late November, extending into early December. A few individuals are also found in the remaining months.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8D5B14FF77FF1A6133F4FF.taxon	description	Morphology: Colouration blackish, Prozona smooth, metaterga granulated with a transverse sulci on rings 2 to 16, paranota yellowish, ventral surface straw-coloured, and legs and antennae brownish to blackish. Antennae long, reaching up to ring 4. Limbus is present on metazona. The collum bears three transverse rows of setae. C. kelaarti is separated from other species by the shape of sternal tubercles present between male coxae 4, a trapezoid with a short paired anterior process (Sankaran & Sebastian, 2017) (Fig. 11). The gonopods are transversely oriented, covering two-thirds of prozonite 7. The coxite is long, cylindrical, and setose distally. The prefemorite is elongated with dense setae and a stiff distal seta. The femorite is short and cylindrical, featuring a median fold with the seminal groove running all along its extent. The solenophore is moderately long, curved towards the midline, with a triangular mesal process (Fig. 10). These features match the illustrations by Sankaran & Sebastian (2017), confirming species identification.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8D5B14FF77FC5E6612F00F.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Male (SPC 0010) from Sabarmati River in Gandhinagar, 23 ° 12 ' 53.85 '' N, 72 ° 41 ' 14.60 '' E, Gujarat, India, 94 m. alt., 1 August 2023, R. A. Dave (Fig. 15). Habitat Preferences: Chondromorpha xanthotricha Attems, 1898 is a pantropical species native to South India or Sri Lanka, but also found across Southeast Asia, North America, the Caribbean islands, and South America (Almeida et al. 2022). This species has been identified under different names, but later synonymized as C. xanthotricha. Its habitat preference mirrors that of C. kelaarti, with observations of this species also on metalled roads during the monsoon season. Seasonal Occurrence in Gujarat: This species is solitary and fast-moving. It emerges in the pre-monsoon months, such as April to May, and persists until October. Some individuals are also found in the remaining months. Morphology: Colouration blackish, Prozona smooth, metaterga granulated and with transverse sulci, paranota yellowish, Pleurosternal carinae dentate and present only in ring 2. Sternal tubercles are paired and conical in shape, unlike the trapezoidal observed in C. kelaarti between male coxae 4 (Likhitrakarn et al. 2017). C. xanthotricha resembles C. kelaarti in morphology, albeit slightly smaller. Furthermore, the body's lateral portion is more strongly curved than the straight configuration observed in C. kelaarti (Fig. 13). The gonopod is relatively simple. The coxite is curved caudally and sparsely setose distoventrally. The prefemorite is densely setose as usual, about one-third the length of the femorite and postfemoral part combined. The solenophore consists primarily of a large, conspicuous, slightly trifid lamina medialis, supporting a long flagelliform solenomere (Fig. 12). The gonopods of our male specimen are identical to those illustrated by Likhitrakarn et al., 2017; confirming species identification. Chondromorpha species from Gujarat also show considerable differences in their gonopods. C. xanthotricha has a long flagelliform solenomere, vs wide and slightly curved distally in C. kelaarti. Additionally, the prefemorite of C. kelaarti has long setae, which are short in C. xanthotricha. Meanwhile, the newly identified species C. lakroda sp. nov. features a long seta with a flagelliform solenomere.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8F5B16FF77FB3460BBF148.taxon	description	The genus Anoplodesmus Pocock, 1895 is one of the largest in the family Paradoxosomatidae, also being distributed worldwide. This genus is easily distinguishable due to several defining characteristics. Firstly, the paranota are either modest or strongly reduced. Another notable feature is the presence of tarsal brushes on the male legs. Additionally, the sterna typically show four cones, providing further diagnostic features. The gonopods can vary in elaboration, sometimes featuring a distofemoral process and contributing to its distinctiveness. Moreover, the lamina medialis and lamina lateralis are well-developed, displaying multiple lobes that aid in species identification. Finally, the solenomere length relative to the solenophore varies within this genus, with some species having a solenomere as long as the solenophore while others possess an extremely elongated solenomere (Nguyen 2010).	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8F5B08FF77F9F061B0F13D.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Male (SPC 0012) from Giriraj Society in Junagadh, 21 ° 31 ' 23.14 '' N, 70 ° 27 ' 9.80 '' E, Gujarat, India, 98 m. alt., 9 August 2023, R. A. Dave (Fig. 15). Female (SPC 0013) from Durgapur in Kutch, 22 ° 51 ' 58.18 " N, 69 ° 19 ' 50.63 " E, Gujarat, India, 224 m. alt., 7 August 2023. R. A. Dave.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8F5B08FF77F9F061B0F13D.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat Preferences: Anoplodesmus saussurii Humbert, 1865 is the predominant paradoxosomatid species in Gujarat, commonly thriving in habitats with high humidity and nutrient-rich black soil deposits. Animals are frequently found in areas where organic matter has accumulated. This behaviour is strongly linked to their crucial role in decomposition processes and their significance as indicators of soil fertility and environmental health in the habitats. Seasonal Occurrence in Gujarat: This species shows a longer lifespan than any other paradoxosomatid species found in Gujarat. Under normal weather conditions, this species typically emerges towards the end of June and persists until December in Gujarat.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
03DD87E8FF8F5B08FF77F9F061B0F13D.taxon	description	Morphology: Colouration blackish, with smooth prozona and metazona, metaterga have deep transverse sulci. Legs and antennae brownish to blackish, Paranota yellow, The posterior parts of the pleural keels are longer and more acute towards the body's rear than the front (Fig. 15). Males of this species have distinctive 6 th and 7 th legs with a ventral femoral process. The gonopod features a stout coxite that is sparsely setose distally, with a densely setose prefemorite. The femorite is separated from the prefemorite by an oblique sulcus. The acropodite is pointed and distinct from the solenomere, which is short and enclosed by the solenophore (Fig. 14). The gonopods of our male specimen are identical to those presented by Decker and Tertilt (2012), confirming species identification.	en	Dave, Ridham, Sindhav, Gaurang (2025): A new species of the genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 and a catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 millipedes from Gujarat, India, along with their distributions and ecological perspectives (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa 5604 (3): 329-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.6
