taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DB87F700219F28FF60FB787625F9CF.taxon	description	Geographic range. Trinidad.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700219F28FF60FB787625F9CF.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is still known only from the types. It is most similar to E. pilulifera and E. clypeata, sharing the small size; a similar arrangement and number of erect setae, these almost circular, nearly as broad as wide; and abundant ground pilosity that is strongly flattened and conspicuous. Eurhopalothrix clypeata has a transverse carina on the clypeus. Eurhopalothrix pilulifera has the propodeal spine in the form of a rectangular lamella extending down the posterior face of the propodeum (propodeal spine acute in E. alopeciosa, with narrow infradental lamella). Eurhopalothrix xibalba is larger and has thinner ground pilosity. Measurements for this species, from Brown and Kempf (1960), are HW 0.50 – 0.53, HL 0.52, SL 0.32, CI 96.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700219F2FFF60F94F76F2FF75.taxon	description	Geographic range. El Salvador.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700219F2FFF60F94F76F2FF75.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is still known only from the types. Reported measurements are HW 0.84, HL 0.93, SL 0.53. If the illustration in Snelling (1968) is accurate, it has a very unusual head shape, with very reduced lateral angles (CI 90, one of the lowest values for New World Eurhopalothrix). Specialized setae on the face are highly reduced, to a tight square of 4 spatulate setae on the posteromedian vertex (this tight square also found on E. sepultura, E. speciosa, but these with additional setae elsewhere). It is also similar to E. floridana, which has even more reduced facial setae (2 on medial vertex margin) and a somewhat similar head shape.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700269F2EFF60FED0708DFD4E.taxon	description	Rhopalothrix (Rhopalothrix) amoena Mann, 1922: 39. Syntype worker, queen: Honduras, La Ceiba, Cecilia [USNM, MCZC, BMNH] (AntWeb image of BMNH syntype worker examined). Synonymy by Brown & Kempf, 1960: 210. Geographic range. Guatemala to Amazonian Brazil. Description. Worker. HW 0.56 – 0.70, HL 0.58 – 0.67, SL 0.35 – 0.39, SLL 0.03 – 0.05, CI 96 – 105, SLI 9 – 12 (n = 11). Labrum as in Fig. 2 A, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, distinctly bilobed at apex; apex with a fringe of capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, mostly punctate, smooth and shining at apex, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with weakly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe weakly foveolate; eye with about 6 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly punctate, dull; sides of head above eyes weakly angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, punctate, puncta smaller anteriorly; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough, darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile low, somewhat flat-topped, with short posterior face that meets flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; metanotal groove not impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular with broad base, apex acute, inner surface concave, ventral margin sloping down to gradually round into short, broad infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed somewhat posteriorly; mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum punctate; posterior face of propodeum minutely punctulate; promesonotum and dorsal face propodeum with large confluent puncta; mesopleuron and side of propodeum with smaller, more widely-spaced, less conspicuous puncta; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node short; ventral margin of petiole with pronounced, acute anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, confluent puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta slightly larger and with discernible interspaces. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, appressed, flattened setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, short and strongly curved near apex, becoming longer and less curved toward base, with long straight seta on basal lobe; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; posterior half of face with ground pilosity of dense appressed setae similar to those on dorsal scape, grading to smaller appressed setae on anterior portion of face and onto frontal lobes; undersurface of head with abundant ground setae like those on dorsal face; projecting specialized setae strongly spatulate, pompon-like, much larger than ground pilosity and highly differentiated from it, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; ground setae similar to those on face abundant on promesonotal dorsum, dorsal half of propodeal spines, very dense on dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, moderately abundant on first gastral tergite; 3 pairs projecting spatulate setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, fully appressed setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of tibiae ringed with larger spatulate setae; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, strongly spatulate setae; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows. Color orange brown. Queen. HW 0.58 – 0.74, HL 0.61 – 0.75, SL 0.36 – 0.45, SLL 0.03 – 0.05, CI 96 – 99, SLI 9 – 13 (n = 5). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; puncta fading on anterodorsal katepisternum, leaving small smooth patch; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 setae, medial 4 straight, erect, narrowly clavate, lateral pair spatulate; axilla with spatulate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700269F2EFF60FED0708DFD4E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species is more likely to be found in second growth wet forest habitats than primary forest. It is a lowland species, occurring from sea level to 800 m elevation in Central America. One examined queen from Venezuela was found at 1350 m, in montane forest. Most specimens are from Winkler and Berlese samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. However, on multiple instances workers and in one case a dealate queen have been found by searching beneath loose bark of rotten wood.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700269F2EFF60FED0708DFD4E.taxon	discussion	Comments. A worker and queen (probable nestmates) from Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, are considerably smaller than other Central American material. A queen from Venezuela is larger, darker, and with more roughened face sculpture compared to Central American queens.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2EFF60FAAF77E1F937.taxon	description	Geographic range. Argentina, Paraguay.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2EFF60FAAF77E1F937.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a highly distinctive species that has abundant uniform ground pilosity of broadly spatulate appressed setae, but no specialized setae projecting above it. The ground pilosity uniformly covers the clypeus, face, promesonotum, and first gastral tergite. The posterior face of the propodeum has a longitudinal subrectangular lamella instead of an acute propodeal spine. It is one of the smallest known species, with HW <0.5.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2CFF60F8E7737FFD6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Cuba, Granma: Parque Nacional Pico Turquino, Aguada de Joachin, 20.015 - 76.84, ± 150 m, 1370 m, 3 Feb 2012, dry mixed forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson # 2012 - 023) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0639338]. Paratype workers: same data as holotype [USNM, CASENT 0630188; MCZC, CASENT 0639337; MZSP, CASENT 0639339; UCDC, CASENT 0639340; JTLC, CASENT 0639341]. Geographic range. Cuba.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2CFF60F8E7737FFD6D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with double tooth row; face with transverse ridge; face lacking specialized spatulate setae.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2CFF60F8E7737FFD6D.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.84 – 0.89, HL 0.73 – 0.79, SL 0.45 – 0.49, SLL 0.12 – 0.13, CI 112 – 115, SLI 26 – 28 (n = 3). Labrum as in Fig. 2 I, planar, U-shaped, with a discrete patch of short, non-capitate whitish setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, uniformly and feebly punctate, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 flattened, elongate, sharply acute teeth; an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; scape with very strongly developed basal lobe; dorsal surface of scape roughened; anterior edge of scape almost sulcate, with steep anterior face meeting laminar, translucent leading edge at nearly right angle; scrobe deep, delimited dorsally and posteriorly with sharp, high carina, delimited dorsally by lower carina, dorsal margin abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe largely smooth and shiny, with a few rugulae anteriorly; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus smooth, sublucid, shallowly convex medially, with shallow concavities anterolaterally, juncture with frons very weakly marked; sides of head above eyes angulate; surface of face evenly divided into anterior and posterior portions by arcing transverse ridge, ridge terminates near compound eyes; anterior portion flat, feebly rugulose, with median longitudinal carina; posterior portion convex, feebly rugulose, with smooth shiny patch anterior to occipital carina (on posterior vertex, not visible in full-face view); occipital carina distinct; occiput delimited dorsally and ventrally by encircling carina, occiput foveolate (strongly differentiated from rugulose sculpture of surrounding sclerites); undersurface of head rugulose; postgenal suture a longitudinal groove overlain with transverse rugae. Profile of promesonotum, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum forming single convex curve, metanotal groove not impressed, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum not differentiated (except in sculpture); propodeal spine laminar, translucent beyond base, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into moderately developed infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed somewhat posteriorly; dorsal promesonotum, dorsal face of propodeum, mesometapleuron, and side of propodeum rugulose; side of pronotum punctate, puncta confluent; posterior face of propodeum foveolate; metapleural gland bulla somewhat inflated, nearly smooth, matte; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node short; ventral margin of petiole lacking anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a feeble longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole feebly rugulose; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to dense, small, confluent puncta posteriorly; first gastral sternite similar but sculptural elements larger. Dorsal surface of scape with sparse, short, thin, appressed ground pilosity; leading edge of scape with about 10 long, straight, clavate projecting setae, gradually lengthening basad, with penultimate before basal the longest; ground pilosity on clypeus, face, and undersurface of head of very sparse, very fine, short, fully appressed setae, inconspicuous; face entirely lacking any projecting specialized setae; dorsal promesonotum and dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole with similar ground pilosity of moderately abundant, short, thin, curved (not fully appressed), amber setae; ground pilosity on first gastral tergite similar but sparser; mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole lacking projecting specialized setae; legs with sparse, stiff, decumbent ground pilosity on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, sparser on other surfaces; apices of tibiae each with single larger clavate seta; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with elongate clavate setae; specialized setae present on first gastral tergite, erect, elongate, narrowly clavate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows, posterior row flanked by additional pair (4 setae along posterior border). Color dark brown to black. Queen. Unknown.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2CFF60F8E7737FFD6D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species is known from 6 workers in a single Winkler sample of sifted litter and dead wood, in " dry mixed forest " at 1370 m elevation.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700279F2CFF60F8E7737FFD6D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is based on the Taino word for front or forehead. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700259F32FF60FCAA7042FE9E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Nicaragua, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte: PN Cerro Saslaya, 13.77216 - 84.99613, ± 20 m, 670 m, 8 May 2011, montane wet forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wm-D- 02 - 1 - 08) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0639417]. Paratype workers, queens: same data as holotype [CAS, CASENT 0639420 (dealate queen); EAPZ, CASENT 0639416; ECOSCE, CASENT 0639418; INBC, CASENT 0639414; JTLC, CASENT 0639413; MCZC, CASENT 0639411; MZSP, CASENT 0639412; UCDC, CASENT 0639419; USNM, CASENT 0639410, CASENT 0639421 (dealate queen); UVGC, CASENT 0639415]. Geographic range. Nicaragua to Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700259F32FF60FCAA7042FE9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; face with 14 or 16 specialized spatulate setae (anterior row 6 or 8, middle row 4, posterior row 4); ground pilosity of face spatulate, decumbent, weakly differentiated from specialized projecting setae, in discrete patches on posterolateral face, leaving median strip bare, anterior border of ground pilosity abrupt, at level of anterior row of specialized projecting setae; posteromedian vertex with shallow depression; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae, lacking on mesonotum; first gastral tergite typically lacking erect setae. Similar to E. machaquila, E. megalops, E. ortizae, E. oscillum, E. schmidti, E. semicapillum.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700259F32FF60FCAA7042FE9E.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.66 – 0.75, HL 0.63 – 0.69, SL 0.36 – 0.39, SLL 0.04 – 0.05, CI 103 – 108, SLI 10 – 14 (n = 6). Labrum as in Fig. 2 B, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, distinctly bilobed at apex; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with moderately developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shiny posteriorly; eye small, about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly covered with small puncta; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face with longitudinal median impression; entire surface of face punctate, puncta larger and sparser posteromedially, with smooth interspaces, becoming more confluent anteriorly and laterally; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough, darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile convex, with weakly differentiated anterior, dorsal, and posterior faces, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; metanotal groove a narrow impressed groove; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; all of mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum uniformly punctate with smooth interspaces; posterior face of propodeum smooth to very faintly sculptured; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines; puncta on promesonotum larger than those on katepisternum and side of propodeum; interspaces sublucid on promesonotum, more matte on katepisternum and side of propodeum. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, and gaster densely punctate, puncta on anterior portions of first gastral tergite and sternite separated by smooth interspaces subequal in width to width of puncta, puncta becoming smaller and more confluent posteriorly. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting clavate setae, short near apex of scape, gradually lengthening to longest setae on basal lobe; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; conspicuous ground pilosity of face composed of large setae, similar in shape and slightly larger than those on scape, decumbent, distributed in two sharply delimited patches, delimited anteriorly at anterior row of projecting specialized setae, delimited medially to leave bare median furrow, extending laterally to posterolateral margins of head; projecting specialized setae spatulate, about twice as long as wide, curved, about twice as large as ground pilosity (and thus not highly differentiated from it), full complement typically 16, with curved anterior row of 8 (occasionally 6), transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 4 on vertex margin; ground pilosity obsolete on dorsal mesosoma and metasoma; typically one pair of projecting small spatulate setae on pronotum, similar to those on face; legs with ground pilosity similar to that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, weaker on dorsal and posterior face of fore and midtibia, sparser to absent elsewhere; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect clavate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node usually lacking setae; hind margin of postpetiole usually with pair of small spatulate setae laterally, usually lacking median pair; first gastral tergite usually lacking specialized setae, rarely one or two irregularly distributed. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.68 – 0.71, HL 0.66 – 0.67, SL 0.38 – 0.39, SLL 0.05, CI 103 – 107, SLI 13 – 14 (n = 3). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; puncta fading on anterodorsal katepisternum, leaving small smooth patch; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 4 – 6 straight, erect, narrowly clavate setae; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; petiolar node with or without pair of spatulate setae; posterior margin of postpetiole with lateral pair spatulate setae, with or without smaller median pair; first gastral tergite lacking specialized setae.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700259F32FF60FCAA7042FE9E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species inhabits mature wet forest from near sea level to lower cloud forest. It is known from 200 – 1110 m elevation. All specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. On Cerro Saslaya in Nicaragua, it occurs in less than 5 % of Winkler samples and occurs more or less evenly from 300 – 1100 m. In Costa Rica it occurs sporadically on the Atlantic slope.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700259F32FF60FCAA7042FE9E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the sharply delimited patches of ground pilosity on the face. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003B9F32FF60FE8176C2FD67.taxon	description	Geographic range. Guyana.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003B9F32FF60FE8176C2FD67.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is still known only from the unique holotype worker. It is most similar to E. pilulifera and E. alopeciosa, sharing the small size; a similar arrangement and number of erect setae, these almost circular, nearly as broad as wide; and abundant ground pilosity that is strongly flattened and conspicuous. Eurhopalothrix clypeata has an arcuate transverse carina on the clypeus, a character so far unique in the genus.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003B9F32FF60FCD973E6FB23.taxon	description	Geographic range. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo).	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003B9F32FF60FCD973E6FB23.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a highly distinctive species, one of only two New World species with a transverse ridge on the frons, the other species being E. cimu from Cuba. Eurhopalothrix depressa has 16 erect spatulate setae on the face; E. cimu has none.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003B9F30FF60FB1B71EDFF75.taxon	description	Geographic range. USA (Florida, Puerto Rico), Dominican Republic. Description. Worker. HW 0.62 – 0.71, HL 0.61 – 0.70, SL 0.40 – 0.45, SLL 0.08 – 0.10, CI 95 – 102, SLI 20 – 25 (n = 4). Labrum as in Fig. 2 H, longer than broad, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as acute, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion bluntly rounded apically, not at all bilobed; apex of labrum with fringe of thick translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, punctulate, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 teeth and an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; tooth 1 of outer row broader than others at base; tooth 2 long and acute; teeth 3 – 6 low, blunt; teeth 7 and 10 long and acute; teeth 8 – 9 shorter; scape with strongly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus convex posteromedially, sloping to slightly concave anterior apron, roughened; juncture of clypeus and frons impressed; sides of head above eyes strongly angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, roughened to shallowly rugulose; occipital carina a short carina dorsally, obsolete laterally; undersurface of head shallowly rugulose; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Profile of promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming more or less continuous convexity; promesonotal suture very faintly impressed on some specimens, such that mesonotum slightly differentiated from pronotum; metanotal groove impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, acute, ventral margin continuous with relatively broad infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe, ventral border straight to slightly concave; propodeal spiracle distinct, directed posteriorly; most of mesosoma, including posterior face of propodeum, uniformly covered with small puncta; mesonotum also uniformly punctate or sometimes slightly roughened like face; metapleural gland bulla smooth, matte; lacking transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face rounding into convex dorsal face, which rounds into short posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with acute anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than or equal to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape with uniform, short, appressed, flattened setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening to longest on basal lobe; ground pilosity on face similar to that on dorsal scape, uniformly distributed across face, frontal lobes, and clypeus, those on clypeus longitudinally oriented; undersurface of head with ground setae like those on face; projecting specialized setae strongly clavate to somewhat spatulate, 3 – 4 x longer than wide, full complement 2, on vertex margin; ground pilosity sparse on promesonotal dorsum, petiolar node, and first gastral tergite, denser on postpetiole; 3 pairs projecting clavate setae on promesonotum; legs with moderately abundant, flattened, appressed setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apex of foretibia with 1 larger clavate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, clavate setae; two clavate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 clavate setae on hind margin of postpetiole; specialized setae of first gastral tergite clavate, full complement 3 pairs in two longitudinal rows. Color red brown. Queen (previously undescribed). Although the queen has never been formally reported, images of a queen on AntWeb (CASENT 0103902, from Florida) show it to have the typical similarities to the worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003B9F30FF60FB1B71EDFF75.taxon	discussion	Comments. Deyrup et al. (1997) reviewed the status of E. floridana in Florida and described the male. The species was moderately abundant in hardwood hammocks throughout peninsular Florida but did not extend into the western panhandle. They speculated that the species could be exotic in Florida, and referred to a personal communication from W. L. Brown that the species occurred in Mexico. I have seen no material to verify the occurrence in Mexico, but J. Wetterer collected specimens on Mona Island, Puerto Rico, and D. Lubertazzi collected specimens along a roadside in the Dominican Republic. These specimens are nearly identical to specimens from Florida, although there is some variation in number of erect setae. On the two Mona Island specimens, one has a cluster of 2 setae on the face and one has 3. Both have the full complement of 6 setae on the promesonotum. On the two Dominican Republic specimens, one has a cluster of 3 setae on the face, 3 setae down one side of the promesonotum, and 1 seta on the opposite side, paired with the posteriormost. The other one has no setae on the face and 2 on the mesonotum. How much these patterns are due to seta loss is unknown, but the base number could be a cluster of 4 on the face, like E. apharogonia, and 6 on the promesonotum. The biogeographic history of this species, in Florida and elsewhere, remains enigmatic.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700399F37FF60FEA27154FBB6.taxon	description	Rhopalothrix reichenspergeri Santschi, 1923: 1263. Syntype worker: Brazil, Santa Catarina: Blumenau [NHMB] (not examined). Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949: 92. Synonymy by Brown & Kempf, 1960: 211. Geographic range. Southern Mexico to Costa Rica; Brazil (Santa Catarina)? Description. Worker. HW 0.83 – 0.94, HL 0.75 – 0.83, SL 0.47 – 0.54, SLL 0.05 – 0.07, CI 110 – 115, SLI 10 – 14 (n = 7). Labrum as in Fig. 2 D, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion short, flexed dorsally, distinctly bilobed, anterior lobes well separated; apex of each lobe with a fringe of very short translucent setae and 2 longer pointed translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, minutely punctulate, dull, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 flattened, acute teeth, second and third tooth from base larger than other teeth; an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; scape with moderately developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe weakly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shiny posteriorly; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, shallowly roughened, dull; juncture of clypeus and frons impressed; sides of head above eyes strongly angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, shallowly rugulose, anterior frons with moderately developed longitudinal medial carina; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly rugulose; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Promesonotal profile evenly convex, posterior margin a short step dropping to sloping, flat dorsal face of propodeum; metanotal groove not impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle distinct, directed posteriorly; dorsal promesonotum rugulose; anterior pronotum, upper side of pronotum, anepisternum, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum punctate; lower sides of pronotum, katepisternum, side of propodeum smooth, clean specimens with a pearly luster; with or without feeble transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face rounding into dorsal face and dorsal face rounding into posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with pronounced, acute anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than or equal to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, appressed, flattened setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening to longest on basal lobe; ground pilosity uniformly distributed across face, frontal lobes, and clypeus; ground setae on posterolateral face similar to those on scapes, ground setae on medial face and clypeus thinner; undersurface of head with ground setae like those on posterolateral face; projecting specialized setae spatulate, about 3 x longer than wide, much larger than ground pilosity and highly differentiated from it, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; ground setae similar to those on posterolateral face abundant on promesonotal dorsum, dorsal half of propodeal spines, dense on dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, much sparser on first gastral tergite; 3 pairs projecting spatulate setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, appressed to decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, spatulate setae; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows. Color orange brown. Queen. HW 0.95 – 1.01, HL 0.88 – 0.91, SL 0.49 – 0.57, SLL 0.07 – 0.08, CI 109 – 113, SLI 14 – 15 (n = 3). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; pronotum coarsely rugose dorsolaterally, irregularly punctate to smooth and shining anteriorly and laterally; anepisternum longitudinally rugose dorsally, smooth and shining over most of surface; katepisternum smooth and shining; side of propodeum rugulose dorsally, smooth and shining to opalescent ventrally; mesoscutum punctatorugose; scutellum irregularly rugose; axilla separated from scutellum by broad transverse trough with coarse longitudinal rugae; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 spatulate setae; axilla with spatulate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700399F37FF60FEA27154FBB6.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species occurs in mature to second growth wet forest habitats. It is a lowland species, occurring from sea level to 1100 m in Central America. Many specimens are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor, but unlike many other species, specimens have also been found by direct search, usually isolated workers under loose bark of rotten wood. An alate queen was collected in a flight intercept trap in Belize, 19 – 28 August 2007 (P. W. Kovarik). Where it has been collected it is typically low density, occurring in less than 1 % of Winkler samples, but one exception was a site at 1100 m elevation on the Barva Transect in Costa Rica, where it occurred in 8 % of samples.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700399F37FF60FEA27154FBB6.taxon	discussion	Comments. The synonymy of E. reichenspergeri under E. gravis and thus the occurrence of E. gravis in southern Brazil should be considered suspect until the South American fauna is better sampled and understood. Brown and Kempf's (1960) concept of E. gravis was considerably broader than the concept adopted here and included several of the new species described in this work.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003E9F35FF60F956713AFCDE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Guadeloupe, Basse Terre: Soufrière, 16.03406 - 61.66786, ± 50 m, 992 m, 22 May 2012, wet cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 134) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0627438]. Paratype workers, queens: same data as holotype but 15 May 2012, R. S. Anderson 2012 - 113 [MZSP, CASENT 0630320]; Soufrière, 16.03293 - 61.67527, ± 50 m, 867 m, 17 May 2012, wet montane forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 119) [MCZC, CASENT 0630374, CASENT 0630378 (dealate queen)]; Soufrière, 16.0338 - 61.67707, ± 50 m, 821 m, 17 May 2012, old coffee forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 118) [USNM, CASENT 0630799, CASENT 0630803 (dealate queen)]; Soufrière, Sentier a la Cisterna, 16.0318 - 61.6673, ± 50 m, 968 m, 29 May 2012, wet cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 161) [UCDC, CASENT 0630754]; Soufrière, Road to Baines Jaunes, 16.03398 - 61.67529, ± 50 m, 850 m, 29 May 2012, montane forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 163) [FMNH, CASENT 0630704]; Soufrière, 16.03406 - 61.66786, ± 50 m, 992 m, 17 May 2012, wet cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 117) [CAS, CASENT 0630367 (dealate queen)]. Geographic range. Guadeloupe, Dominica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003E9F35FF60F956713AFCDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Masticatory margin of mandible with double row of teeth, outer series of lower triangular teeth, inner row of 3 long, spiniform teeth; erect setae on face strongly spatulate; basal lobe of scape weakly developed, SLI 8 – 10; head narrow, CI 97 – 99; smaller than E. gravis, HW 0.71 – 0.74. Similar to E. gravis.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003E9F35FF60F956713AFCDE.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.71 – 0.74, HL 0.72 – 0.76, SL 0.46 – 0.49, SLL 0.04 – 0.05, CI 97 – 99, SLI 8 – 10 (n = 3). Labrum as in Fig. 2 D, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as small, ventrally-directed denticles, apical portion short, flexed dorsally, distinctly bilobed, anterior lobes well separated; apex of each lobe with a fringe of translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, punctulate on basal half, smooth and shining at apex, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 flattened, acute teeth; an inner row of 3 longer needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, about 1.5 x length of flanking outer teeth; scape with moderately developed basal lobe, dorsal surface roughened; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe weakly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shiny posteriorly; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar posteromedially, sloping to slightly concave anterior apron, uniformly punctulate; juncture of clypeus and frons strongly impressed; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, rugulose; occipital carina developed as a short carina dorsally, obsolete laterally; undersurface of head uniformly rugulose; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Pronotal profile convex, evenly curved; promesonotal suture weakly impressed; mesonotal profile flat, in same plane as dorsal face of propodeum; metanotal groove broad, shallowly impressed, anterior margin of dorsal face of propodeum delimited by low raised rim; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle distinct, directed posteriorly; dorsal promesonotum rugulose; anterior and lateral pronotum, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum punctate; anepisternum, katepisternum, and side of propodeum confluent, sparsely punctate, with a prominent oblique ruga from anterior margin of katepisternum to just above midcoxa; bulla of metapleural gland smooth and shiny; with feeble transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle relatively long and narrow compared to other species, joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of petiolar node meets sloping dorsal face at rounded right angle; low transverse carina separates dorsal face and short, concave posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with strongly developed, spiniform anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than or equal to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape uniformly covered with short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, all similar in length, only slightly increasing in length basally; ground pilosity of face comprising short clavate decumbent setae densely distributed on posterolateral vertex lobes, across anterior frons, and onto frontal lobes; ground pilosity very sparse on medial frons and vertex; ground pilosity on clypeus smaller, thinner, more appressed, longitudinally-oriented, densely and evenly distributed; projecting specialized setae strongly spatulate to pompon-like, about 3 x longer than wide, much larger than ground pilosity and highly differentiated from it, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; sparse ground pilosity of small flattened setae on promesonotal dorsum and first gastral tergite, denser on dorsal petiolar node and postpetiole; 3 pairs projecting spatulate setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, appressed to decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of fore, mid and hind tibia with 1 – 2 larger spatulate seta; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, spatulate setae; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole; specialized setae of first gastral tergite strongly clavate to spatulate (narrower than those on face and mesosoma), full complement 14 – 20, more or less evenly distributed over entire tergite. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.76, HL 0.77, SL 0.50, SLL 0.05, CI 99, SLI 9 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; pronotum punctate; anepisternum punctate posterodorsally, smooth and shining anteroventrally; katepisternum almost entirely smooth and shining; side of propodeum punctate, bulla of metapleural gland smooth and shining; mesoscutum and scutellum longitudinally rugose; axilla separated from scutellum by broad transverse trough with coarse longitudinal rugae; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 smaller and thinner clavate setae; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003E9F35FF60F956713AFCDE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species occurs in a variety of forested habitats on Guadeloupe and there is one record from Dominica. On Guadeloupe, Anderson collected specimens in a series of 9 Winkler samples in montane sites, from 800 – 1100 m elevation, in wet cloud forest, montane forest, and " old coffee forest. " One specimen was collected at low elevation, 100 m, in deciduous forest.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003E9F35FF60F956713AFCDE.taxon	discussion	Comments. The original syntype series of Octostruma lutzi (Wheeler), from Dominica, contained both Octostruma and E. guadeloupensis.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003E9F35FF60F956713AFCDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the type locality.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003C9F3BFF60F9E27345FD95.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Guatemala, Zacapa: 2 km SE La Unión, 14.94681 - 89.27583, ± 50 m, 1550 m, 12 May 2009, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wa-B- 03 - 1 - 08) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0614549]. Paratype workers: same data as holotype [USNM, CASENT 0614548]; same data but 14.95320 - 89.27559, ± 50 m, 1430 m (LLAMA Wa-B- 03 - 2 - 48) [MCZC, CASENT 0612539; MZSP, CASENT 0612540; JTLC, CASENT 0612541]; same data but 14.94654 - 89.27600, ± 55 m, 1550 m, 2 º cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wm-B- 03 - 1 - 01) [UVGC, CASENT 0612544; EAPZ, CASENT 0612551]; same data but 14.94460 - 89.27726, ± 57 m, 1550 m, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wm-B- 03 - 1 - 05) [ECOSCE, CASENT 0612562; UCDC, CASENT 0612566]. Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003C9F3BFF60F9E27345FD95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Masticatory margin of mandible with double row of teeth, outer series of lower triangular teeth, inner row of 3 long, spiniform teeth; erect setae on face strongly spatulate; basal lobe of scape strongly developed, SLI 15 – 21; HW 0.69 – 0.83; posterior mesonotum with a pronounced, short longitudinal keel between the posteriormost pair of spatulate setae. Similar to E. gravis, E. xibalba.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003C9F3BFF60F9E27345FD95.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.69 – 0.83, HL 0.68 – 0.82, SL 0.41 – 0.48, SLL 0.07 – 0.10, CI 101 – 108, SLI 15 – 21 (n = 8). Labrum as in Fig. 2 G, longer than broad, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as short, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion of labrum elongate, in approximately same plane as basal portion (not flexed dorsally), distinctly bilobed with elongate, bluntly triangular lobes; lobes with fringe of translucent setae, apical setae capitate; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, roughened, dull, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 teeth and an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; tooth 1 of outer row broader than others; tooth 2 long and acute; teeth 3 – 6 low, acute; teeth 7 and 10 long and sharp, similar to teeth of inner row; teeth 8 – 9 shorter; scape with strongly developed basal lobe, dorsal surface roughened; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate; eye with about 6 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus convex posteromedially, sloping to slightly concave anterior apron, anterior margin with broad, semicircular emargination; posterior portion roughened, grading to more smooth and shining anteriorly; juncture of clypeus and frons impressed; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, confluently punctate posteriorly, grading to punctatorugose anteriorly, anterior frons with well-developed longitudinal medial carina; occipital carina strongly developed and sharp dorsally, obsolete laterally; undersurface of head punctate posteriorly, punctatorugose anteriorly; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Promesonotal profile evenly convex to somewhat flat-topped, posterior portion abruptly elevated by a short, sharp, longitudinal keel between the posteriormost pair of spatulate setae; metanotal groove a broad U-shaped impression, anterior border of dorsal face of propodeum delimited with distinct, raised rim; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine triangular, acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle relatively large, directed posteriorly; dorsal promesonotum punctatorugose; anterior and lateral pronotum, mesopleuron, lateral propodeum, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum punctate; bulla of metapleural gland smooth, matte; without transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face meeting dorsal face at rounded right angle; low transverse carina separates dorsal face and short, concave posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with acute anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than or equal to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape uniformly covered with short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening to longest on basal lobe; ground pilosity of face comprising spatulate decumbent setae densely distributed on posterolateral vertex lobes, across anterior frons, and onto frontal lobes; ground pilosity very sparse on medial frons and vertex; ground pilosity on clypeus smaller, more appressed, longitudinally-oriented, densely and evenly distributed; projecting specialized setae strongly spatulate to pompon-like, about 2 x longer than wide, much larger than ground pilosity and highly differentiated from it, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; very sparse ground pilosity of small flattened setae on promesonotal dorsum, dorsal petiolar node, first gastral tergite, denser on dorsal postpetiole; 3 pairs projecting spatulate setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, appressed to decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of fore, mid and hind tibia with 1 – 2 larger spatulate seta; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, spatulate setae; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 16 – 20, more or less evenly distributed over entire tergite. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.79, HL 0.75, SL 0.45, SLL 0.09, CI 105, SLI 20 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by broad groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad groove; pronotum punctate; anepisternum and katepisternum punctate, puncta smaller and sparser anteriorly; side of propodeum punctate; bulla of metapleural gland smooth and matte; mesoscutum and scutellum punctatorugose; axilla separated from scutellum by broad transverse trough with coarse longitudinal rugae; pronotum with 7 spatulate setae on single observed queen; mesoscutum with 6 setae, 4 peripheral setae spatulate, medial 2 smaller, more clavate; axilla with spatulate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003C9F3BFF60F9E27345FD95.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species occurs in mature cloud forest and wet oak / pine forests in the mountains of southern Mexico and Guatemala, from 1000 – 2000 m elevation. Most collections are from Winkler or Berlese samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood. A worker was collected as an isolated ground forager, and another worker was collected at or near a bait on the ground. It can be locally abundant: on the slopes of Volcán Atitlán in Guatemala it occurred in 35 % of quantitative miniWinkler samples.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7003C9F3BFF60F9E27345FD95.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Hunhau was a primary Mayan death god, lord of the underworld. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F3BFF60FB4E709DF882.taxon	description	Geographic range. Brazil (São Paulo).	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F3BFF60FB4E709DF882.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species has the posterior face of the propodeum with large foliaceous crests instead of acute propodeal spines, a trait shared with E. pilulifera from Central America. It differs in the much larger body size and the tooth-like development of the posterior face of the petiolar node. The head shape and pilosity patterns are much like E. gravis. Measurements for workers of this species, as reported in Kempf (1967) are HW 0.91 – 0.99, HL 0.86 – 0.93, CI 100 – 106, SLI 9 – 12 (n = 7). Measurements for the queen are HW 1.17, HL 1.12, CI 105. This is the largest New World species so far reported, with E. gravis being second largest. Queen HW is 1.22 x worker HW, the largest difference of any New World species. Most species for which queens and workers are known fall on a single line of allometry, with queen HW 1 – 1.1 x worker HW. The two largest species, E. gravis and E. lenkoi, deviate from the line with ratios 1.12 and 1.21, respectively.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F39FF60F8A0770EFD6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Cuba, Santiago de Cuba: Parque Nacional Gran Piedra, near La Isabélica, 20.003 - 75.613, ± 150 m, 1075 m, 27 Jan 2012, wet pluviselva, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 008) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0630049]. Paratype workers, queens: same data as holotype but near Museo Isabélica, 20.007 - 75.619, ± 150 m, 1115 m, 26 Jan 2012 (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 003) [USNM, CASENT 0629855; MCZC, CASENT 0630107]; same data but near La Isabélica, 20.004 - 75.619, ± 150 m, 1130 m (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 004) [MZSP, CASENT 0629856; UCDC, CASENT 0630129; JTLC, CASENT 0630118]; same data as holotype [CAS, CASENT 0630055 (dealate queen); USNM, CASENT 0629854 (dealate queen)]; same data but near La Isabélica, 20.007 - 75.619, ± 150 m, 1115 m, 29 Jan 2012 (R. S. Anderson 2012 - 013) [FMNH, CASENT 0630292]. Geographic range. Cuba.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F39FF60F8A0770EFD6D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Masticatory margin of mandible with double row of teeth, outer series of lower triangular teeth, inner row of 3 long, spiniform teeth; erect setae on face filiform, not strongly spatulate. Similar to E. gravis.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F39FF60F8A0770EFD6D.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.63 – 0.71, HL 0.60 – 0.70, SL 0.39 – 0.44, SLL 0.07 – 0.09, CI 102 – 109, SLI 18 – 20 (n = 3). Labrum as in Fig. 2 F, much broader than long, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as acute, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion very short, flexed dorsally, anterior margin slightly emarginate medially but not distinctly bilobed; apex of labrum with fringe of pointed setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, roughened, dull, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 teeth and an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; tooth 1 of outer row broader than others, low, blunt; tooth 2 long and acute; teeth 3 – 6 low, blunt; teeth 7 and 10 long and needle-shaped, similar to teeth of inner row; teeth 8 – 9 shorter; scape with well-developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus convex posteromedially, sloping to slightly concave anterior apron, posterior portion roughened, grading to more smooth and shining anteriorly; juncture of clypeus and frons impressed; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, minutely and confluently punctate posteriorly, grading to shallowly roughened anteriorly, anterior frons with moderately developed longitudinal medial carina; occipital carina strongly developed and sharp dorsally, obsolete laterally, reemerging ventrally as weak longitudinal carinae extending short distance onto genal surface; ventral border of occipital foramen delimited by distinct carina; undersurface of head punctate posteriorly, punctatorugose anteriorly; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Pronotal profile evenly curved from anterior face to dorsal face; promesonotal suture slightly impressed, such that mesonotum slightly differentiated as separate convexity; metanotal groove weakly and broadly impressed; dorsal face of propodeum variably convex, often with shallow transverse trough immediately anterior to base of propodeal spines; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle distinct, directed posteriorly; most of mesosoma, including posterior face of propodeum, uniformly covered with small, confluent puncta; circular region at anterior junction of anepisternum and katepisternum smooth with a few coarse rugae; metapleural gland bulla punctate or smooth; with or without feeble transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face rounding into dorsal face; transverse carina separates dorsal face and short, concave posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with variably developed short anteroventral tooth, sometimes absent; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than or equal to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape with sparse, short, appressed, flattened but thin setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening to longest on basal lobe; ground pilosity sparse, thin, appressed, uniformly distributed across face, frontal lobes, and clypeus; undersurface of head with ground setae like those on face; projecting specialized setae weakly clavate, much longer than wide, full complement 16, with anterior row of 6, transverse median row of 6 extending from outermost posterolateral angles of head, and posterior row of 4 on vertex margin; ground pilosity similar to that on face on promesonotal dorsum, dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, much sparser on first gastral tergite; 3 pairs projecting weakly clavate setae on promesonotum; legs with moderately abundant, flattened, appressed to decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apex of foretibia with 1 larger clavate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, clavate setae; two clavate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 clavate setae on hind margin of postpetiole; specialized setae of first gastral tergite clavate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows and 1 pair flanking posteriormost pair (4 setae along posterior margin). Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.72, HL 0.70, SL 0.45, SLL 0.09, CI 104, SLI 19 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; most of mesosoma punctate, katepisternum with smooth patch anterodorsally; axilla separated from scutellum by broad transverse trough with coarse longitudinal rugae; pronotum with 1 pair clavate setae; mesoscutum with 7 clavate setae on single available queen, anterior pair, transverse row of 4 at midlength, 1 unmatched seta between anterior and posterior rows; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair clavate setae; first gastral tergite with 7 clavate setae on observed queen, full complement probably similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F39FF60F8A0770EFD6D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species is apparently endemic to Cuba and is known from montane forests of the southern mountain ranges near Santiago. Specimens are known from 8 Winkler samples, all between 1000 – 1660 m elevation.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700329F39FF60F8A0770EFD6D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is based on a Taino word for bad spirit. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700309F3FFF60FA9B7747FC09.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Guatemala, Petén: 13 km NW Machaquilá, 16.44071 - 89.53447, ± 50 m, 390 m, 28 May 2009, tropical moist forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wa-B- 06 - 2 - 08) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0614288]. Paratype workers, queen: same data as holotype but 16.44080 - 89.53447, ± 50 m, 390 m (LLAMA Wa-B- 06 - 2 - 10) [USNM, CASENT 0614291]; same data but 16.44178 - 89.53460, ± 50 m, 390 m (LLAMA Wa-B- 06 - 2 - 34) [CAS, CASENT 0614311 (dealate queen)]; same data but 16.44181 - 89.53469, ± 50 m, 390 m (LLAMA Wa-B- 06 - 2 - 36) [MCZC, CASENT 0614315]; same data but 16.44227 - 89.53534, ± 36 m, 400 m (LLAMA Wm-B- 06 - 1 - 06) [MZSP, CASENT 0614347]. Geographic range. Guatemala.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700309F3FFF60FA9B7747FC09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; face with 14 or 16 specialized spatulate setae (anterior row 6 or 8, middle row 4, posterior row 4); ground pilosity of face spatulate, decumbent, weakly differentiated from specialized projecting setae, in discrete patches on posterolateral face, leaving median strip bare, anterior border of ground pilosity abrupt, at level of anterior row of specialized projecting setae, fading posterolaterally, becoming obsolete on vertex lobes; posteromedian vertex with shallow depression; promesonotum and first gastral tergite lacking specialized setae. Similar to E. circumcapillum, E. megalops, E. ortizae, E. oscillum, E. schmidti, E. semicapillum.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700309F3FFF60FA9B7747FC09.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.70, HL 0.64, SL 0.37, SLL 0.04, CI 109, SLI 11 (n = 1). Labrum as in Fig. 2 B, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as right-angled, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, distinctly bilobed at apex; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with moderately developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shiny posteriorly; eye small, about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly covered with small puncta; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face with longitudinal median impression; entire surface of face punctate, puncta larger and sparser posteromedially, with smooth interspaces, becoming more confluent anteriorly and laterally; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Promesonotal profile convex, with weakly differentiated anterior, dorsal, and posterior faces, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; metanotal groove a narrow impressed groove; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; pronotum and mesonotum uniformly punctate, puncta large with shiny interspaces similar in width to puncta diameter; anepisternum, katepisternum, side of propodeum, and dorsal face of propodeum with sparse, very small puncta, interspaces matte, much wider than width of puncta; posterior face of propodeum with sparse puncta dorsally, transverse rugulae medially, smooth and shiny ventrally. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded acute angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole punctate; first gastral tergite uniformly punctate, interspaces smooth and shining, subequal in width to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similarly punctate, but interspaces broader than puncta anteriorly. Dorsal surface of scape with short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting clavate setae, short and strongly curved near apex of scape, basal 3 longer and more erect, longest seta on basal lobe; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; ground pilosity of face conspicuous, composed of short, flattened, appressed to decumbent setae, similar in shape and size to those on scape, distributed in two patches, delimited anteriorly at anterior row of projecting specialized setae, delimited medially to leave bare median furrow, gradually fading posterolaterally, obsolete on posterolateral vertex lobes; projecting specialized setae spatulate, about twice as long as wide, curved, about twice as large as ground pilosity (and thus not highly differentiated from it), full complement 16, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 4 on vertex margin; ground pilosity obsolete on dorsal mesosoma and metasoma; dorsal mesosoma lacking specialized setae; legs with ground pilosity similar to that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, weaker on dorsal and posterior face of fore and midtibia, sparser to absent elsewhere; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect clavate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; petiolar node, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite lacking specialized setae. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.70, HL 0.66, SL 0.39, SLL 0.03, CI 105, SLI 9 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; pronotum punctate, with smooth shiny interspaces slightly wider than width of puncta; anepisternum punctate posterodorsally, smooth and sublucid anteroventrally; katepisternum largely smooth and shining, with narrow rim of puncta posteriorly; side of propodeum sparsely punctate; mesoscutum and scutellum uniformly punctate; pronotum with 1 pair small, narrowly clavate setae; mesoscutum with 6 straight, erect, narrowly clavate setae; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair clavate setae; petiolar node, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite lacking specialized setae.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700309F3FFF60FA9B7747FC09.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species is known from one locality in the lowland Petén region of Guatemala. Specimens were collected in patchy moist forest, all from Winkler samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood. The species occurred in 7 % of quantitative miniWinkler samples.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700309F3FFF60FA9B7747FC09.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the type locality. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700369F3EFF60FC30775CFBD5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Costa Rica, Heredia: 11 km SE La Virgen, 10.33333 - 84.06667, ± 2 km, 500 m, 12 – 16 Feb 2003, wet forest stream edge, Cascante refuge, pan trap (M. Pollet) [CAS, JTLC 000003555]. Geographic range. Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700369F3EFF60FC30775CFBD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; face with 16 specialized spatulate setae; angle between anterior and dorsal faces of petiolar node obtuse; eye large, about 9 ommatidia across long axis; legs relatively long, hind tibia length about 0.6 HW. Similar to E. circumcapillum, E. ortizae, E. oscillum, E. schmidti, E. semicapillum.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700369F3EFF60FC30775CFBD5.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.74, HL 0.75, SL 0.47, SLL 0.04, CI 98, SLI 8 (n = 1). Labrum similar to Fig. 2 B, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, with a minute notch at apex; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with very weakly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate; eye with about 9 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly punctate, dull; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, punctate posteriorly, grading to minutely punctulate and matte anteriorly; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a welldeveloped longitudinal trough, darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile evenly convex, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at broad obtuse angle; metanotal groove not impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, elongate triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into very narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed somewhat posteriorly; mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum punctate; posterior face of propodeum minutely punctulate; promesonotum and dorsal face propodeum with large confluent puncta; mesopleuron and side of propodeum with smaller, more widely-spaced, less conspicuous puncta; metapleural gland bulla somewhat inflated, cuticle thin, translucent, nearly smooth; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping dorsal face at rounded obtuse angle; posterior face of node short; ventral margin of petiole with short, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a very feeble longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, confluent puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta slightly larger and with discernible interspaces. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, appressed, strongly flattened setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, short and strongly curved near apex, becoming longer and less curved toward base, with long straight seta on basal lobe; ground pilosity on clypeus of very sparse, very fine, short, fully appressed setae, inconspicuous; posterior half of face with ground pilosity of dense appressed setae similar to those on dorsal scape, grading to smaller appressed setae on anterior portion of face and onto frontal lobes; undersurface of head with abundant ground setae like those on face; projecting specialized setae spatulate, about twice as long as wide, curved, about twice as large as ground pilosity (and thus not highly differentiated from it), full complement 16, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 4 on vertex margin; ground setae similar to those on face abundant on promesonotal dorsum, dorsal half of propodeal spines, very dense on dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, moderately abundant on first gastral tergite; 1 pair projecting spatulate setae on pronotum, 1 pair on anterior mesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, fully appressed setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of tibiae ringed with larger spatulate setae; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, strongly spatulate setae; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 3 pairs in two longitudinal rows. Color orange brown. Queen. Unknown.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700369F3EFF60FC30775CFBD5.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is known from a single specimen from a pan trap, in mature wet forest at 500 m elevation on the Barva transect in Costa Rica. The larger eyes, longer legs, and fact that it was never sampled in hundreds of Winkler samples from the area suggest that it is a surface forager and perhaps arboreal.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700369F3EFF60FC30775CFBD5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the large eyes. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700379F03FF60F8EA711AFCDE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Costa Rica, Puntarenas: Monteverde, 10.29905 - 84.78292, ± 200 m, 1570 m, 30 Apr 1989, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (J. Longino # 2486 - s) [INBC, INBIOCRI 001281342]. Paratype workers, queen: same data as holotype [CAS, INBIOCRI 001281341 (dealate queen), INBIOCRI 001281343]; same data but 10.29701 - 84.79972, ± 200 m, 1560 m, 18 Jul 1984 (J. Longino) [MCZC, LACM ENT 143279]; same data but 13 Mar 2003 (L. A. Schonberg LAS-MV 03 - 2 - 11) [MZSP, JTLC 000003778]; same data but (L. A. Schonberg LAS- MV 03 - 2 - 18) [USNM, JTLC 000003995]; same data but (L. A. Schonberg LAS-MV 03 - 2 - 07) [UCDC, JTLC 000004020]; same data but 10.3 - 84.8, ± 2 km, 1400 m, Apr – May 1987 (S. Little) [FMNH, LACM ENT 143286; JTLC, LACM ENT 143287, LACM ENT 143288]. Geographic range. Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700379F03FF60F8EA711AFCDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; anterior projection of labrum unilobed, without anterior notch; face with 18 specialized spatulate setae; ground pilosity of face spatulate, decumbent, in discrete patches on posterolateral face, leaving median strip bare, anterior border of ground pilosity gradual, extending a short distance beyond anterior row of specialized projecting setae; posteromedian vertex with shallow depression; pronotum with 2 pairs clavate setae; first gastral tergite with full complement 4 pairs erect setae in two longitudinal rows, posterior row with additional flanking pair (4 setae on posterior border); dorsal gastral setae long and weakly clavate, nearly linear. Similar to E. circumcapillum, E. machaquila, E. megalops, E. oscillum, E. schmidti, E. semicapillum.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700379F03FF60F8EA711AFCDE.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.65 – 0.75, HL 0.62 – 0.69, SL 0.36 – 0.42, SLL 0.01 – 0.03, CI 100 – 108, SLI 3 – 8 (n = 6). Labrum as in Fig. 2 C, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, rounded at apex and lacking notch; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with weakly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate; eye small, about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly punctate, dull; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face with shallow longitudinal median impression; median impression covered with dense confluent puncta, grading to punctatorugose sculpture laterally and anteriorly; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head punctatorugose; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Promesonotal profile convex, somewhat flat-topped, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; metanotal groove a small U-shaped groove; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into very narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; all of mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum uniformly punctate with smooth interspaces; posterior face of propodeum very faintly sculptured; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines; puncta on promesonotum larger than those on katepisternum and side of propodeum; interspaces sublucid on promesonotum, more matte on katepisternum and side of propodeum. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole and postpetiole densely punctate; first gastral tergite and sternite uniformly punctate; puncta of tergite very small, leaving smooth, shiny interspaces that are wider than puncta width, giving entire tergite shiny appearance; puncta of sternite similar but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape with moderately abundant, short, decumbent, flattened but linear setae; leading edge of scape with projecting, long, weakly clavate setae; ground pilosity on clypeus sparse, narrow, fully appressed; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; conspicuous ground pilosity of face composed of large setae, similar in shape and shape to those on scape, decumbent, distributed in two patches, gradually fading in front of anterior row of projecting specialized setae (about 2 rows of decumbent ground setae in front of projecting setae), patch delimited medially to leave bare median furrow, patch extending laterally to posterolateral margins of head; projecting specialized setae clavate, those along posterior vertex margin about 3 x as long as wide, erect and welldifferentiated from ground pilosity, others smaller and less differentiated from ground pilosity; full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin, these 6 of similar size; Barva transect population with additional pair of small clavate setae at outermost angles of sides of head (approaching condition of E. schmidti); ground pilosity obsolete on dorsal mesosoma and metasoma; 1 pair of projecting clavate setae on pronotum, 1 pair on anterior mesonotum; legs with ground pilosity similar to that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, posterior face of mid tibia, dorsal and posterior face of foretibia, sparser to absent elsewhere; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect clavate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; two large clavate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 clavate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; larger specialized setae long and weakly clavate, often nearly linear, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows, additional pair flanking posterior pair (4 setae along posterior border of tergite). Color dark brown to nearly black. Queen. HW 0.71 – 0.72, HL 0.70 – 0.71, SL 0.40 – 0.41, SLL 0.01 – 0.04, CI 102, SLI 3 – 10 (n = 3). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; puncta fading on anterodorsal katepisternum, leaving small smooth patch; pronotum with 1 pair clavate setae; mesoscutum with 6 straight, erect, narrowly clavate setae; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair clavate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700379F03FF60F8EA711AFCDE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species inhabits mature cloud forest. It is known from 1400 – 1700 m elevation. All specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In the Monteverde cloud forest in the Cordillera de Tilarán, it is restricted to the narrow belt of dense cloud forest on the ridge crest, above 1400 m, with abrupt transitions to other species in lower forests on Pacific and Atlantic slopes. On the Barva transect in the Cordillera Volcánica Central, it is rare and only in a narrow elevational belt at 1500 m. It occurred in 1 % of miniWinkler samples at 1500 m, and was not found at flanking sites at 1100 m and 2000 m.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700379F03FF60F8EA711AFCDE.taxon	discussion	Comments. In the Monteverde cloud forest, specimens from ecotonal areas on the Pacific slope appear to intergrade with E. schmidti (Fig. 26). Intermediate specimens occur at the transition zones between the heavily moss-laden cloud forest and the less-mossy moist forest of the Monteverde community area. Intermediate specimens have the head and mesosoma the same as E. ortizae, but the first gastral tergite has the erect setae shorter and more broadened apically (more strongly clavate) and the puncta are larger and more closely spaced, giving the surface a more dull appearance, more like E. schmidti.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700379F03FF60F8EA711AFCDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in honor of Patricia Ortiz, a brilliant naturalist whose untimely death saddened the Monteverde community. It is a genitive noun and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000A9F01FF60FC44731AFF56.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Costa Rica, Alajuela: Casa Eladio, Rio Peñas Blancas, 10.30877 - 84.7165, ± 1 km, 830 m, 10 May 1989, wet forest, ex sifted leaf litter (J. Longino # 2529 - s) [INBC, unique specimen identifier INBIOCRI 001281403]. Paratype workers: same data as holotype [CAS, CASENT 0639387, CASENT 0639388; MCZC, CASENT 0639389; MZSP, CASENT 0639390; USNM, CASENT 0639391; UCDC, CASENT 0639392; FMNH, CASENT 0639393; EAPZ, CASENT 0639394; ECOSCE, CASENT 0639395; JTLC, CASENT 0639396, CASENT 0639397]. Geographic range. Honduras to Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000A9F01FF60FC44731AFF56.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; face with 18 specialized spatulate setae; ground pilosity of face spatulate, decumbent, weakly differentiated from specialized projecting setae, extending across entire face, including median area and frontal lobes; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae, lacking on mesonotum; first gastral tergite with at most 3 pairs spatulate setae in two longitudinal rows. Similar to E. circumcapillum, E. megalops, E. ortizae, E. schmidti, E. semicapillum.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000A9F01FF60FC44731AFF56.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.67 – 0.70, HL 0.64 – 0.67, SL 0.37 – 0.40, SLL 0.03 – 0.05, CI 100 – 108, SLI 9 – 13 (n = 7). Labrum as in Fig. 2 B, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, with a minute notch at apex; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth, basal tooth broader and less acute than other teeth, more laminar and translucent; scape with moderately developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe very faintly punctate, sublucid; eye small, about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly punctate, dull; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face uniformly convex and uniformly sculptured with dense, confluent puncta; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough, darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile forming an even convexity, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; all of mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum uniformly punctate with smooth interspaces; posterior face of propodeum smooth to very faintly sculptured; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines; puncta on promesonotum larger than those on katepisternum and side of propodeum; interspaces sublucid on promesonotum, more matte on katepisternum and side of propodeum. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, and gaster densely sculptured with confluent puncta. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting spatulate setae, short near apex of scape, gradually lengthening to longest setae on basal lobe; ground pilosity on clypeus sparse, narrow, fully appressed; ground pilosity of face larger, similar in shape and slightly larger than those on scape, decumbent, more or less uniformly distributed across entire face, including frontal lobes; projecting specialized setae spatulate, about twice as long as wide, curved, about twice as large as ground pilosity (and thus not highly differentiated from it), full complement typically 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; ground pilosity present on promesonotal dorsum and dorsal margin of propodeal spine, similar in size and shape to that on scape but sparser; typically one pair of projecting spatulate setae on pronotum, similar to those on face; legs with ground pilosity similar to that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, dorsal and posterior face of foretibia, sparser elsewhere; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect clavate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; first gastral tergite with very sparse, very thin, fully appressed ground pilosity, but relatively conspicuous because lighter colored than dark cuticle; larger specialized setae clavate, full complement 3 pairs in two longitudinal rows, but full complement rarely all present. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.68 – 0.70, HL 0.66 – 0.70, SL 0.38 – 0.39, SLL 0.04 – 0.05, CI 100 – 102, SLI 9 – 14 (n = 2). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; puncta fading on anterodorsal katepisternum, leaving small smooth patch; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 straight, erect, narrowly clavate setae; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker, but setae straight, longer, more narrowly clavate.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000A9F01FF60FC44731AFF56.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species inhabits mature wet forest from mid-elevation slopes to lower cloud forest. It is known from 300 – 1500 m elevation, but is most abundant from 500 – 1000 m. All specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. On Cerro Saslaya in Nicaragua, sampling along an elevational transect from 300 – 1600 m yielded the species in samples from 760 – 1180 m. It occurred in 11 % of miniWinkler samples at a 1000 m site that was intensively sampled but did not occur at a similarly sampled 300 m site. Similarly, on Cerro Musún, a transect from 700 – 1400 m yielded the species in the 1000 – 1100 m interval. In the Peñas Blancas Valley in the Cordillera de Tilarán, Costa Rica, it is moderately frequent in Winkler samples at 800 m elevation, but does not occur above 1000 m. On the Barva Transect in the Cordillera Volcánica Central, it occurred in 1 % of miniWinkler samples at 300 m elevation and 5 % of miniWinkler samples at 500 m elevation. It was not encountered at similarly sampled sites at 1100 m, 1500 m, and 2000 m.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000A9F01FF60FC44731AFF56.taxon	discussion	Comments. A specimen from the Barva Transect in Costa Rica (INB 0003212548), from 1100 m elevation, is similar to E. oscillum but differs in multiple characters: the compound eye is larger, 6 – 7 ommatidia across longest axis; the anterior and dorsal faces of the petiolar node meet at an obtuse angle; puncta on the anterolateral first gastral tergite and sternite are separated by smooth interspaces equal in width to the width of the puncta; ground pilosity on the face does not extend onto the frontal lobes, the promesonotum has 3 pairs of erect clavate setae; the first gastral tergite has 4 pairs of erect clavate setae in two longitudinal rows, and the posterior pair is flanked by another pair laterally (i. e., 4 setae evenly spaced along the posterior border). The specimen is from a Winkler sample of sifted leaf litter from mature wet forest.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000A9F01FF60FC44731AFF56.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin for mask, in reference to the mask-like faces of Eurhopalothrix. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22.taxon	description	Geographic range. Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica. Uncertain: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Description. Worker. HW 0.53 – 0.58, HL 0.56 – 0.64, SL 0.35 – 0.40, SLL 0.08 – 0.11, CI 89 – 97, SLI 21 – 28 (n = 4 – 5). Labrum anteriorly bilobed, possibly shaped like labrum of E. xibalba (Fig. 2 G) (based on partial view, specimen with closed mandibles); mandible short, triangular, dorsal surface strongly convex, apical half strongly down-curved, surface punctate, rounding into ventral surface; masticatory margin not observed clearly but partial view shows two tooth rows, an outer row of flattened, triangular teeth and an inner row of several longer needleshaped teeth; scape with very strongly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe feebly foveolate; eye minute, comprising 1 – 3 fused ommatidia; clypeus minutely and shallowly punctate, shallowly convex medially, with shallow circular concavities anterolaterally, cuticle of these concavities transparent, contrasting with surrounding opaque cuticle; sides of head above eyes angulate, vertex margin strongly concave; surface of face uniformly convex, minutely and densely punctate; occipital carina distinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture visible as a longitudinal dark line. Promesonotal profile low, shallowly convex, posterior margin a short step dropping to sloping, flat dorsal face of propodeum; metanotal groove not impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, in the form of a broad foliaceous lamella, upper margin right-angled, lamella extending down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed somewhat posteriorly; entire mesosoma minutely and densely punctate. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at a sharp (not rounded) obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets dorsal face at blunt right to slightly acute angle; posterior face of node short; ventral margin of petiole with large, blunt anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a feeble longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, and gaster minutely and densely punctate. Dorsal surface of scape uniformly covered with broadly spatulate, fully appressed ground pilosity; setae on leading edge of scape similar to dorsal pilosity, fully appressed and not at all projecting; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; ground pilosity of face conspicuous, ground setae decumbent, pompon-like, similar in form to the larger specialized projecting setae, but much smaller, about 1 / 4 the size, uniformly distributed across face (including frontal lobes) or sparser medially, denser peripherally; projecting specialized setae large, strongly pompon-like, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; dorsal promesonotum, dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, and first gastral tergite with ground pilosity similar to face; 3 pairs projecting pompon-like setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; setae at apices of tibiae not distinctly larger or differentiated from more proximal setae; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, strongly spatulate setae; two large pomponlike setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 pompon-like setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair only slightly smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite pompon-like, full complement about 20, distributed across entire tergite and along posterior margin, medial setae in two longitudinal rows of 5 pairs. Color orange.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This is a very rare species, known from 5 specimens from 5 widely-spaced localities. Collections have been in dry forest or second-growth wet forest habitats, all from Berlese or Winkler samples of forest floor litter and rotten wood.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22.taxon	discussion	Comments. A distinctive feature that is unique to E. pilulifera, at least among New World species, is an absence of differentiated setae projecting from the anterior margin of the scape. The dorsal surface of the scape is uniformly covered with scale-like, fully appressed setae. These setae also line the anterior edge but do not project on stalks or differ in any other way from those on the dorsal surface. All other species I have examined have projecting setae on the anterior margin. Eurhopalothrix pilulifera is most similar to E. alopeciosa and E. clypeata, sharing the small size; a similar arrangement and number of erect setae, these almost circular, nearly as broad as wide; and abundant ground pilosity that is strongly flattened and conspicuous. It has a simple clypeus, without an arcuate transverse carina (present in E. clypeata). The propodeal spine is in the form of a rectangular lamella extending down the posterior face of the propodeum (propodeal spine acute in E. alopeciosa, with narrow infradental lamella). Eurhopalothrix pilulifera may also be confused with E. xibalba, which is larger and has thinner ground pilosity. The holotype differs from the four other examined specimens in being slightly larger and having a relatively more elongate head (CI 89 versus 95 – 96). Brown and Kempf (1960) described a paratype queen from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This record should be considered suspect, pending fuller characterization of the fauna in southern Brazil.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700099F07FF60F8E97339FCFD.taxon	discussion	Comments. A single alate queen from La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica closely matches E. procera, based on literature descriptions and images on AntWeb. The specimen was obtained in a canopy fogging sample in October, 1994, as part of a large-scale arthropod survey project. In spite of intensive sampling for ants at this site (Longino et al., 2002), no other specimens were collected, and this single queen remains the only known specimen of E. procera from the New World. This is remarkable, because E. procera is a polytypic species found in New Guinea and multiple Pacific islands west of New Guinea (Brown and Kempf, 1960; Taylor, 1968, 1980; AntWeb, 2013), and related species also occur in this region (Taylor, 1968, 1970, 1980). Taylor (1980) describes E. procera as " Widespread in rain forest and marginal habitats; East Indies, Philippines, Melanesia, Polynesia east to the Samoan Islands, and Cape York Peninsula ... " Its occurrence on multiple oceanic islands and in marginal habitats suggests a high dispersal ability and raises the possibility that it is an adventive species in Costa Rica. Alternatively, it may be a relict lineage with a rare Neotropical representative. Eurhopalothrix procera has the double tooth row found in E. gravis and relatives. The double tooth row is visible on the La Selva queen and on the AntWeb image of a queen from the Philippines (Holotype of E. procera subdentatus [Donisthorpe, 1942], a junior synonym of E. procera). It is unknown whether other species in the procera group also have the double tooth row. Cursory examination of the three Old World species E. australis, E. dubia, and E. omnivaga showed that these species lack the double tooth row. The labrum of the La Selva queen is elongate, triangular, with two small lobes at the apex. The labrum is visible on the image of the E. procera subdentatus holotype, and appears similar. The La Selva queen is smaller and with narrower head than other known E. procera queens. Brown and Kempf (1960) report worker HW 0.98 – 1.35 and CI 106 – 111, with queens being the same as or slightly larger than workers. The La Selva queen has HW 0.91 and CI 95.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000E9F05FF60FC3A7646FE05.taxon	description	Geographic range. Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000E9F05FF60FC3A7646FE05.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; face with 20 specialized spatulate setae; ground pilosity of face short, flattened, appressed, sparse, extending across entire face, including median area and frontal lobes; face punctatorugose, evenly convex (lacking longitudinal median impression); pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae, lacking on mesonotum; first gastral tergite with full complement 4 pairs spatulate setae in two longitudinal rows, posterior row often flanked by additional pair. Similar to E. circumcapillum, E. megalops, E. ortizae, E. oscillum, E. semicapillum.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000E9F05FF60FC3A7646FE05.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.75 – 0.80, HL 0.71 – 0.77, SL 0.42 – 0.47, SLL 0.05, CI 102 – 106, SLI 11 – 12 (n = 5). Labrum as in Fig. 2 B, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, with a notch at apex, such that apex shallowly bilobed; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with weakly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe faintly foveolate; eye small, about 6 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly punctate, dull; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face uniformly convex and uniformly punctatorugose; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough, darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile somewhat flat-topped, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; metanotal groove a broad shallow trough, often delimited posteriorly by low but distinct rim that delimits dorsal face of propodeum, groove in dorsal view with parallel longitudinal rugae; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into very narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; populations in Cordillera de Talamanca with relatively narrow spines that meet infradental lamella at nearly right angle; population from Cordillera de Tilarán with broader, more triangular spine that meets infradental lamella at obtuse angle; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; all of mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum uniformly punctate with smooth interspaces; posterior face of propodeum smooth to very faintly sculptured; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines; puncta on promesonotum larger than those on katepisternum and side of propodeum; interspaces sublucid on promesonotum, more matte on katepisternum and side of propodeum. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, and gaster densely punctate; interspaces between puncta on first gastral tergite similar in width to puncta, sublucid; sculpture on first gastral sternite similar but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, appressed to decumbent, flattened setae; leading edge of scape with projecting spatulate setae; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; ground pilosity of face similar in size and shape to ground setae on dorsal scape, appressed, sparse, separated from each other by distance greater than or equal to length, more or less uniformly distributed across entire face, including frontal lobes (becoming smaller on frontal lobes); projecting specialized setae spatulate, erect and highly differentiated from ground pilosity, full complement typically 20, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 6 (the outermost at outermost angles of sides of head), and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; ground pilosity obsolete on dorsal mesosoma and metasoma; typically one pair of projecting spatulate setae on pronotum, similar to those on face; legs with ground pilosity denser and more flattened than that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, dorsal and posterior face of foretibia, sparser to absent elsewhere; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect clavate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows, posterior pair often flanked by additional pair (4 pairs along posterior border of tergite). Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.78, HL 0.76, SL 0.47, SLL 0.05, CI 103, SLI 11 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; erect setae all weakly clavate, sublinear, not spatulate like worker setae; face with number and distribution of setae like worker; pronotum with 1 pair; mesoscutum with 8; axilla with 1; scutellum with 1 pair; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000E9F05FF60FC3A7646FE05.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species inhabits moist to wet montane forest. The types were collected as a nest series in Costa Rica's Central Valley, in the early 1900 ' s, at a site that is now near the San José airport and long since developed. All recent collections are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. It is known from 1100 – 1670 m elevation. In Monteverde, in the Cordillera de Tilarán, it has a sharply parapatric distribution with E. ortizae (Fig. 26) and may hybridize there (see Comments under E. ortizae).	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000C9F04FF60FE327042FA3D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Costa Rica, Heredia: 16 km SSE La Virgen, 10.26667 - 84.08333, ± 2 km, 1100 m, 21 Apr 2001, montane wet forest, Berlese sample (ALAS 11 / B / all) [INBC, CASENT 0639343]. Paratype workers, queens: same data as holotype [MCZC, CASENT 0639342]; same data but 14 Mar 2001, ex sifted leaf litter (ALAS 11 / WF / 02) [CAS, CASENT 0639374 (dealate queen), CASENT 0639377; FMNH, CASENT 0639381; MZSP, CASENT 0639376 (dealate queen), CASENT 0639379; UCDC, CASENT 0639380; USNM, CASENT 0639375 (dealate queen), CASENT 0639378]. Geographic range. Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000C9F04FF60FE327042FA3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; face with 14 – 18 specialized spatulate setae (anterior row 8, middle row 4 (2), posterior row 6 (4); ground pilosity of face spatulate, decumbent, weakly differentiated from specialized projecting setae, in discrete patches on posterolateral face, leaving median strip bare, anterior border of ground pilosity gradual, extending a short distance beyond anterior row of specialized projecting setae; posteromedian vertex with shallow depression; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae, lacking on mesonotum; pair of spatulate setae on posterior border of petiolar node; first gastral tergite with at most 3 pairs spatulate setae in two longitudinal rows, posterior pair sometimes flanked by outer pair. Similar to E. circumcapillum, E. machaquila, E. megalops, E. ortizae, E. oscillum, E. schmidti.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000C9F04FF60FE327042FA3D.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.61 – 0.71, HL 0.61 – 0.68, SL 0.34 – 0.40, SLL 0.03 – 0.05, CI 100 – 104, SLI 7 – 14 (n = 7). Labrum as in Fig. 2 B, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, with a minute notch at apex; apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, smooth and shining apically, grading to punctate basally, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with moderately developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe shallowly foveolate; eye small, about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly covered with small puncta; sides of head above eyes moderately angulate; surface of face with longitudinal median impression; entire surface of face punctate, puncta larger posteromedially but still nearly confluent (more widely spaced on E. circumcapillum); occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough, darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile convex, somewhat flat-topped, meeting flat dorsal face of propodeum at obtuse angle; metanotal groove a narrow impressed groove; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; all of mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum uniformly punctate with smooth interspaces; posterior face of propodeum smooth to very faintly sculptured; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines; puncta on promesonotum larger than those on katepisternum and side of propodeum; interspaces sublucid on promesonotum, more matte on katepisternum and side of propodeum. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, and gaster densely punctate, puncta on anterior portions of first gastral tergite and sternite similar to those on posterior portion, separated by smooth interspaces that are less than or equal to width of puncta. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting clavate setae, short near apex of scape, gradually lengthening to longest setae on basal lobe; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; conspicuous ground pilosity of face composed of large setae, similar in shape and slightly larger than those on scape, decumbent, distributed in two patches, gradually fading in front of anterior row of projecting specialized setae (about 2 rows of decumbent ground setae in front of projecting setae), patch delimited medially to leave bare median furrow, patch extending laterally to posterolateral margins of head; projecting specialized setae spatulate, about twice as long as wide, curved, about twice as large as ground pilosity (and thus not highly differentiated from it), full complement typically 18, with curved anterior row of 8 (occasionally 6), transverse median row of 4 (occasionally 2), and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin, outermost pair smaller than inner 2 pairs and occasionally missing; ground pilosity obsolete on dorsal mesosoma and metasoma; 1 pair of projecting spatulate setae on pronotum, similar to those on face; legs with ground pilosity similar to that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, weaker on dorsal and posterior face of fore and midtibia, sparser to absent elsewhere; apex of foretibia with 1 larger spatulate seta, apices of mid and hind tibia with 2; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect clavate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node with 1 pair prominent spatulate setae; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; first gastral tergite with erect clavate setae, full complement 3 pairs in two longitudinal rows, population in Cordillera de Tilarán with additional pair flanking posterior pair (4 setae along posterior border of tergite), Cordillera Volcánica Central population lacking flanking pair. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.67, HL 0.66 – 0.68, SL 0.37 – 0.39, SLL 0.04, CI 101, SLI 10 – 11 (n = 2). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; puncta fading on anterodorsal katepisternum, leaving small smooth patch; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 straight, erect, narrowly clavate setae; axilla with clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; petiolar node with pair of spatulate setae; posterior margin of postpetiole with lateral pair spatulate setae and smaller median pair; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker, but setae straight, longer, more narrowly clavate.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000C9F04FF60FE327042FA3D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species inhabits mature wet forest in mid-montane to lower cloud forest habitats. It is known from 500 – 1500 m elevation but is most common around 1100 m. All specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In the Cordillera de Tilarán and C. de Guanacaste it occurs in upper montane forest but not in the cool, wet ridge-crest cloud forest. On the Barva transect it was rare at 500 m (<1 % of miniWinkler samples), common at 1100 m (40 % of samples), and absent at 1500 m and 2000 m.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F7000C9F04FF60FE327042FA3D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to the partially delimited patches of ground pilosity on the face. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700029F0AFF60FF797042FB8D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Mexico, Chiapas: Sierra Morena, 16.15289 - 93.60055, ± 50 m, 1330 m, 12 May 2008, second growth mesophil forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wa-A- 01 - 2 - 42) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0603545]. Paratype workers, queen: same data as holotype but 16.15296 - 93.60042 (LLAMA Wa-A- 01 - 2 - 45) [CAS, CASENT 0603550 (dealate queen)]; same data but 16.1602 - 93.60572, ± 100 m, 1322 m, Liquidambar forest litter, ex sifted leaf litter (R. S. Anderson 2008 - 001) [ECOSCE, JTLC 000014118]; same data but 16.16121 - 93.60024, ± 100 m, 1367 m, 15 May 2008 (R. S. Anderson 2008 - 008) [USNM, JTLC 000014128]; same data but 16.1595 - 93.6053, ± 300 m, 1360 m, 12 May 2008, second growth mesophil forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wm-A- 01 - 1) [MCZC, JTLC 000014129; MZSP, JTLC 000014130; UCDC, JTLC 000014131]. Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas).	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700029F0AFF60FF797042FB8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with double tooth row; face with 4 or 5 pairs erect setae, arranged as medial rectangle of 2 pairs flanked anterolaterally by 1 or 2 pairs; pronotum lacking specialized setae; ground pilosity of face very sparse, thin, inconspicuous. Similar to E. apharogonia, E. floridana, E. speciosa, E. vulcan.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700029F0AFF60FF797042FB8D.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.68 – 0.71, HL 0.73, SL 0.43 – 0.44, SLL 0.08 – 0.09, CI 93 – 97, SLI 20 – 22 (n = 2). Labrum as in Fig. 2 E, longer than broad, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as acute, ventrallydirected teeth, apical portion distinctly bilobed apically; apex of labral lobes with fringe of thick translucent setae, apical setae capitate and strongly flattened; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, punctulate, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 teeth and an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; tooth 1 of outer row broader than others, bluntly rounded; remaining teeth narrow and sharply acute; teeth 2, 7 and 10 longer than others; scape with strongly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate anteriorly, smooth and opalescent posteriorly; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar posteromedially, sloping to anterior apron and shallow concavities anterolaterally, punctulate, sublucid; juncture of clypeus and frons deeply impressed; sides of head above eyes strongly angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, coarsely rugose, sublucid, with prominent medial longitudinal carina that extends from posterior border of clypeus nearly to vertex margin; posterior face of vertex broad, concave, meeting dorsal face at blunt angle; occipital carina a short carina dorsally, obsolete laterally; undersurface of head shallowly and inconspicuously punctate, much smoother than dorsal sculpture; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Profile of promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming more or less continuous convexity; metanotal groove impressed; anterior border of dorsal face of propodeum delimited with small, raised rim; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle distinct, directed posteriorly; promesonotum punctate anteriorly, grading to irregularly rugulose posteriorly, a prominent median rugule forms a short elevated longitudinal keel on posterior mesonotum between posteriormost pair of spatulate setae (similar to E. hunhau) (absent on some specimens); lateral pronotum, dorsal face of propodeum, upper side of propodeum punctate; posterior face of propodeum feebly foveolate; anepisternum, katepisternum, and lower side of propodeum smooth, matte, a single ruga arches across katepisternum; lacking transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face meets flat-topped dorsal face at rounded right angle, sloping dorsal face rounds into short posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with spiniform anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape with a few flattened, decumbent setae on basal lobe and along leading edge, obsolete elsewhere; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening and becoming more strongly spatulate toward base; ground pilosity on face nearly obsolete, very sparse, short, thin, fully appressed, uniformly distributed across face, frontal lobes, and clypeus, those on clypeus longitudinally oriented; ground pilosity more prominent on undersurface of head, of conspicuous, flattened, decumbent setae; projecting specialized setae spatulate, 3 x longer than wide, full complement 8 – 10, a medial rectangle of 2 pairs, an additional 2 or 3 between medial rectangle and compound eye; ground pilosity obsolete on dorsal mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite; specialized setae absent on pronotum, full complement, when present, 2 pairs on mesonotum; legs with moderately abundant, flattened, decumbent setae on posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of tibiae with 1 larger spatulate seta; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, clavate to spatulate setae; two clavate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 clavate setae on hind margin of postpetiole; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows, posteriormost row flanked by an additional pair (4 setae along posterior border of tergite). Color red brown. Queen. HW 0.73, HL 0.77, SL 0.47, SLL 0.11, CI 95, SLI 23 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; pronotum punctate; anepisternum with elongate, partially confluent puncta dorsally, smooth and sublucid ventrally; katepisternum largely smooth and shining, with narrow rim of puncta posteriorly; lower side of propodeum smooth, matte; upper side of propodeum punctate; mesoscutum punctatorugose; scutellum coarsely rugose; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 setae, outermost spatulate, inner 4 smaller, clavate; axilla with spatulate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; petiolar node, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite with specialized setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700029F0AFF60FF797042FB8D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species occurs in the cloud forests and montane Liquidambar, oak, and pine forests of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, from 1300 – 1800 m elevation. All collections are from Winkler or Berlese samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood. The species occurred in 9 – 15 % of quantitative miniWinkler samples.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700029F0AFF60FF797042FB8D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is in reference to La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700039F09FF60F982777DFE9E.taxon	description	Geographic range. Brazil (Santa Catarina, São Paulo).	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700039F09FF60F982777DFE9E.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species shares the elevated posterior mesonotal keel with E. hunhau and E. sepultura. Eurhopalothrix hunhau has a full complement of 18 specialized setae on the face; both E. sepultura and E. speciosa have a reduced number. The head shape of E. speciosa is very similar to E. sepultura. Eurhopalothrix speciosa has a distinctive arrangement of 6 specialized setae on the face: 4 in a tight square on the posteromedian vertex, and 2 on the posterolateral angles of the vertex margin. In contrast, Eurhopalothrix sepultura has the same medial square of 4 setae, but 4 – 6 additional setae are arranged anteriorly, between the medial square and the compound eyes, and there are no setae on the posterolateral angles of the vertex margin. Also, the compound eye of E. speciosa is relatively large, with 7 – 8 ommatidia across greatest diameter, versus 5 in E. sepultura.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F09FF60FE8171A4FCF6.taxon	description	Geographic range. Brazil (São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Paraguay.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F09FF60FE8171A4FCF6.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a highly distinctive species. The clypeus is smooth, highly polished and glassy; the face is uniformly punctate but with the same highly polished integument; the basal lobes of the scape are very strongly developed; the ventral surface of the head has a pair of longitudinal carinae, particularly prominent in the queen; the face, dorsal mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite are completely devoid of specialized setae and ground pilosity is similarly obsolete; the propodeal spines are acute but still subtended by a broad foliaceous crest; and the posterior margin of the petiolar node is strongly carinate. The holotype dealate queen was collected in a Berlese sample from Santa Catarina State. Subsequently Kempf described the worker from several series collected by K. Lenko in Barueri, São Paulo. These were from " sifted nest material of Camponotus rufipes (F.), " from three different nests. A worker from Paraguay is imaged on AntWeb.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F08FF60FC297756FC26.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Guatemala, Suchitepéquez: 4 km S Volcán Atitlán, 14.54856 - 91.19097, ± 50 m, 1625 m, 15 Jun 2009, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wa-B- 09 - 1 - 09) [CAS, CASENT 0612902]. Geographic range. Guatemala.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F08FF60FC297756FC26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with double tooth row; face with 5 pairs erect setae, arranged as medial rectangle of 2 pairs flanked anterolaterally by 2 pairs; promesonotum with 3 pairs specialized erect setae; ground pilosity on face flattened, conspicuous. Similar to E. hunhau, E. sepultura.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F08FF60FC297756FC26.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.71, HL 0.70, SL 0.41, SLL 0.08, CI 101, SLI 19 (n = 1). Mandible not spread on unique holotype, but appears similar to labrum of E. sepultura (as in Fig. 2 E), including the uniquely capitate and flattened fringing setae on the labral lobes; mandible triangular, assumed similar to E. sepultura in most respects (presence of double tooth row visible in ventral view of holotype); scape with strongly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe foveolate; eye with about 5 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, roughened, dull; juncture of clypeus and frons deeply impressed, clypeal plane somewhat elevated above anterior frons; sides of head above eyes rounded; surface of face convex, shallowly reticulate rugose, dull, with weakly developed medial longitudinal carina on anterior frons; occipital carina a short carina dorsally, obsolete laterally. Profile of promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming more or less continuous convexity; metanotal groove impressed; anterior border of dorsal face of propodeum delimited with small, raised rim; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle distinct, directed posteriorly; promesonotum punctate anteriorly, grading to irregularly rugulose posteriorly, a small median rugule forms a short elevated longitudinal keel on posterior mesonotum between posteriormost pair of spatulate setae; lateral pronotum, dorsal and posterior face of propodeum, anepisternum, katepisternum, and side of propodeum punctate, bulla of metapleural gland smooth, matte; lacking transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face meets flat-topped dorsal face at rounded right angle, sloping dorsal face rounds into short posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape with abundant flattened, appressed setae on basal lobe and along leading edge, obsolete elsewhere; leading edge of scape with projecting clavate setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening toward base; ground pilosity on face of flattened, appressed, conspicuous setae, uniformly distributed on posterolateral vertex lobes, sides of face and onto frontal lobes, obsolete on anterior frons, thinner and shorter but still conspicuous and evenly distributed on clypeus; projecting specialized setae strongly spatulate to pompon-like, 2 x longer than wide, full complement 10, a medial rectangle of 2 pairs, an additional 3 between medial rectangle and compound eye (together anterior 8 forming uniform arch across face); ground pilosity thin, sparse to obsolete on dorsal mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite; 5 large pompon-like setae on promesonotum (full complement presumably 6); legs with moderately abundant, flattened, appressed setae on posterior face of foretibia, anterior face of midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of tibiae with 1 larger spatulate seta; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, spatulate setae; two spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, inner pair smaller than outer pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows, posteriormost row flanked by an additional pair (4 setae along posterior border of tergite). Color red brown. Queen. Unknown.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F08FF60FC297756FC26.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species shares a distinctive facial seta pattern and peculiarly flattened labral setae with E. sepultura, from the geographically close Sierra Madre de Chiapas. The two are likely closely related.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700009F08FF60FC297756FC26.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the Roman god of volcanic fire. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700019F0EFF60F9F477E1FD95.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Costa Rica, Heredia: 10 km NE Vara Blanca, 10.23617 - 84.11767, ± 1 km, 1500 m, 13 Mar 2005, montane wet forest, ex sifted leaf litter (ALAS 15 / WF / 03 / 01) [INBC, unique specimen identifier INB 0003665110]. Paratype workers: same data as holotype but 19 Mar 2005 (ALAS 15 / WF / 01 / 31) [CAS, INB 0003665287]; same data but (ALAS 15 / WF / 01 / 35) [USNM, INB 0003665317]; same data but (ALAS 15 / WF / 01 / 37) [MCZC, INB 0003665331]; same data but (ALAS 15 / WF / 01 / 46) [MZSP, INB 0003665382]; same data but (ALAS 15 / WF / 01 / 47) [UCDC, INB 0003665389]; same data but (ALAS 15 / WF / 01 / 39) [FMNH, INB 0003665349]; same data but 12 Apr 2005 (ALAS 15 / WF / 04 / 15) [EAPZ, INB 0003668071]; same data but (ALAS 15 / WF / 04 / 02) [UVGC, INB 0003667971]. Geographic range. Honduras to Costa Rica.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700019F0EFF60F9F477E1FD95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Masticatory margin of mandible with double row of teeth, outer series of lower triangular teeth, inner row of 3 long, spiniform teeth; erect setae on face strongly spatulate; basal lobe of scape strongly developed, SLI 21 – 25; HW 0.57 – 0.66. Similar to E. gravis, E. hunhau.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700019F0EFF60F9F477E1FD95.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.57 – 0.66, HL 0.56 – 0.64, SL 0.36 – 0.40, SLL 0.08 – 0.10, CI 101 – 105, SLI 22 – 25 (n = 10). Labrum as in Fig. 2 G, longer than broad, anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as short, sharp, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion of labrum elongate, in approximately same plane as basal portion (not flexed dorsally), distinctly bilobed with elongate, bluntly triangular lobes; lobes with fringe of translucent setae, apical setae capitate; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, roughened, dull, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin with two tooth rows, an outer row of 10 teeth and an inner row of 3 long needle-shaped teeth, behind outer teeth 3 – 6 and projecting beyond them, nearly 2 x length of flanking outer teeth; tooth 1 of outer row broader than others, low, blunt; tooth 2 long and acute; teeth 3 – 6 low, blunt; teeth 7 and 10 long and sharp, similar to teeth of inner row; teeth 8 – 9 shorter; scape with strongly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe smooth; eye small, comprising 4 – 5 partially fused ommatidia; clypeus convex posteromedially, sloping to slightly concave anterior apron, anterior margin with broad, semicircular emargination; surface superficially roughened; juncture of clypeus and frons a shallow transverse trough, continuing to sides of head (frontal lobes convex like medial clypeus); sides of head above eyes strongly angulate; surface of face posterior to clypeofrontal trough uniformly convex, minutely and confluently punctate posteriorly, grading to superficially roughened anteriorly; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head minutely punctate to superficially roughened; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal line that is darker than surrounding cuticle. Promesonotal profile evenly convex to somewhat flat-topped, posterior portion more or less in same plane as sloping, flat dorsal face of propodeum; metanotal groove a small impression, anterior border of dorsal face of propodeum delimited with small, raised rim; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face shorter than posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin curving into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle relatively large, directed posteriorly; dorsal promesonotum shallowly punctatorugulose; anterior and lateral pronotum, mesopleuron, lateral propodeum, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum punctate; puncta smaller and shallower on mesopleuron and side of propodeum; without transverse carinulae between propodeal spines. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at obtuse angle; petiolar node subquadrate, anterior face meeting dorsal face at right angle; transverse carina separates dorsal face and short, concave posterior face; ventral margin of petiole with strongly developed anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus dorsally and a distinct posteromedian impression; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, small, puncta, interspaces less than or equal to width of puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape uniformly covered with short, decumbent, spatulate setae; leading edge of scape with projecting setae, shortest near apex, gradually lengthening to longest on basal lobe; ground pilosity of short, flattened, appressed to decumbent setae uniformly distributed across face, frontal lobes, clypeus, and undersurface of head; projecting specialized setae strongly spatulate to pompon-like, about 2 x longer than wide, much larger than ground pilosity and highly differentiated from it, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; ground pilosity similar to that on face abundant on promesonotal dorsum, dorsal half of propodeal spines, dense on dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, sparser on first gastral tergite; 3 pairs projecting spatulate setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, appressed to decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; apices of fore, mid and hind tibia with 2 larger spatulate seta; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, spatulate setae; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 4 pairs in two longitudinal rows, posterior pair flanked by additional pair (4 setae along posterior margin). Color orange. Queen. HW 0.67 – 0.68, HL 0.65 – 0.66, SL 0.40 – 0.41, SLL 0.09 – 0.11, CI 102 – 103, SLI 23 – 28 (n = 2). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; pronotum punctate; anepisternum punctate with smooth matte area anteroventrally; katepisternum punctate posteriorly, smooth and matte anteriorly; side of propodeum weakly punctate; bulla of metapleural gland smooth and matte; mesoscutum and scutellum punctate; axilla separated from scutellum by broad transverse trough with coarse longitudinal rugae; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 6 setae, 2 lateral spatulate, medial 4 smaller, more clavate; axilla with spatulate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement of erect setae similar to worker.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700019F0EFF60F9F477E1FD95.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species occurs in mature wet forest across a broad range of elevations, from near sea level to nearly 1700 m elevation. All known collections are from Winkler or Berlese samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood. At low-elevation sites it is always low density, occurring in <1 % of quantitative miniWinkler samples. At two mid-elevation sites it occurred at higher densities: 9 % at a 1500 m site on the Barva Transect in Costa Rica, and 18 % at 1120 m in Parque Nacional Azul Meambar in Honduras.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700019F0EFF60F9F477E1FD95.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Xibalba was the Mayan underworld or " place of fear. " It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700079F0CFF60FB4F7345FE2E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype worker: Honduras, Cortés: PN Cusuco, 15.48940 - 88.23598, ± 20 m, 1290 m, 30 May 2010, mesophyll forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA Wa-C- 06 - 2 - 07) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT 0617561]. Paratype workers, queen: same data as holotype but 15.48896 - 88.23439 (LLAMA Wm-C- 06 - 1 - 01) [CAS, CASENT 0639406 (dealate queen); USNM, CASENT 0639407; MCZC, CASENT 0639408]; same data but 15.48683 - 88.23422, ± 300 m, 1340 m (LLAMA Wm-C- 06 - 1 - 02) [MZSP, CASENT 0639409]. Geographic range. Guatemala, Honduras.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700079F0CFF60FB4F7345FE2E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mandible with single tooth row; anterior process of labrum elongate, with deep narrow median cleft, forming pair of closely parallel, long, thin lobes; face with 18 specialized spatulate setae; promesonotum with 3 pairs spatulate setae; HW 0.78 – 0.85 (E. bolaui is smaller); base of propodeal spines narrow, abruptly meeting narrow infradental lamella (propodeal spines more broadly triangular in E. bolaui). Similar to E. bolaui.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700079F0CFF60FB4F7345FE2E.taxon	description	Description. Worker. HW 0.78 – 0.85, HL 0.72 – 0.78, SL 0.43 – 0.45, SLL 0.04 – 0.05, CI 107 – 110, SLI 10 – 11 (n = 2). Labrum with anterolateral gibbosities of basal portion developed as sharply right-angled, ventrally-directed teeth, apical portion elongate, flexed dorsally, relatively narrow, with a deep, narrow cleft, forming pair of closely parallel, long, thin lobes (similar to E. bolaui, Fig. 2 A, but with more elongate lobes); apex with a fringe of short, non-capitate translucent setae; mandible triangular, dorsal surface convex, punctate on basal half, smooth and shining apically, rounding into ventral surface; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; masticatory margin a single row of 11 flattened acute triangular teeth; scape with weakly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe faintly foveolate; eye small, about 6 ommatidia across greatest diameter; clypeus approximately planar, uniformly punctate, dull; sides of head above eyes angulate; surface of face uniformly convex, punctate, puncta smaller anteriorly; occipital carina indistinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture a well-developed longitudinal trough. Promesonotal profile with pronotum rounding into somewhat flat-topped mesonotum; mesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum almost in same plane, with only slight drop; metanotal groove not impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, triangular, acute, ventral margin rounding into narrow infradental lamella that extends down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed posteriorly in small concavity between base of propodeal spine and dorsum of metapleural gland bulla; all of mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum punctate; posterior face of propodeum with puncta extending part way down, grading to smooth and matte; no transverse carinae between bases of propodeal spines; puncta on promesonotum larger than those on katepisternum and side of propodeum. Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at rounded obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets sloping flat dorsal face at rounded right angle; posterior face of node very short; ventral margin of petiole with short, acute, anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a broad longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite covered with dense, nearly confluent puncta; first gastral sternite similar, but puncta and interspaces larger. Dorsal surface of scape covered with uniform short, decumbent, flattened setae; leading edge of scape with projecting narrowly spatulate setae, strongly curved, except seta on basal lobe, which is longer and straight; ground pilosity on clypeus sparse, narrow, fully appressed; ground pilosity of face similar in size and shape to ground setae on dorsal scape, appressed, sparse, separated from each other by distance greater than or equal to length, more or less uniformly distributed across entire face, including frontal lobes; projecting specialized setae strongly spatulate, pompon-like, erect and highly differentiated from ground pilosity, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; ground pilosity very sparse to nearly obsolete on dorsal mesosoma, denser on dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole; 3 pairs projecting spatulate setae on promesonotum; legs with ground pilosity denser and more flattened than that on face, dense on apices of femora, dorsal and anterior faces of mid and hind tibia, dorsal and posterior face of foretibia, sparser to absent elsewhere; apices of tibiae with 1 larger spatulate seta; basitarsus with 3 – 5 pairs suberect spatulate setae, remaining tarsomeres each with pair of suberect clavate setae, tarsal setae smaller on foretarsus than on mid and hind tarsus; two large spatulate setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 spatulate setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair smaller than lateral pair; first gastral tergite with very sparse, very thin, fully appressed ground pilosity; specialized setae of first gastral tergite spatulate, full complement 3 pairs in two longitudinal rows. Color dark brown. Queen. HW 0.86, HL 0.79, SL 0.48, SLL 0.06, CI 108, SLI 12 (n = 1). Similar to worker in most respects; ocelli present; compound eye much larger than worker eye; anepisternum separated from katepisternum by U-shaped groove; metapleuron separated from propodeum by broad U-shaped groove; anepisternum and katepisternum both with anterior half smooth, matte grading to shiny; face with number and distribution of setae like worker; pronotum with 1 pair spatulate setae; mesoscutum with 4 linear setae; axilla with 1 clavate seta; scutellum with 1 pair spatulate setae; first gastral tergite with number and arrangement similar to worker, but setae longer, clavate rather than spatulate.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700079F0CFF60FB4F7345FE2E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species inhabits mature mesophyll cloud forest. It is known from 1290 – 1430 m elevation. Most specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. One worker was collected at or near a bait on the ground. At the two cloud forest sites where it occurred, it was found in 3 – 7 % of quantitative miniWinkler samples.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
03DB87F700079F0CFF60FB4F7345FE2E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Zipacna was the Mayan demonic personification of the earth's crust. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.	en	Longino, John T. (2013): A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species. Zootaxa 3693 (2): 101-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1
