identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DB9E25FFBC5403FC3B5D4DFB749F21.text	03DB9E25FFBC5403FC3B5D4DFB749F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clinopsalta Moulds 2012	<div><p>Genus Clinopsalta Moulds, 2012</p><p>Diagnosis follows Moulds (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB9E25FFBC5403FC3B5D4DFB749F21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Popple, Lindsay W.;Emery, David L.	Popple, Lindsay W., Emery, David L. (2017): Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs. Records of the Australian Museum 69 (4): 237-256, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1673
03DB9E25FFBC5404FC215D25FF169B75.text	03DB9E25FFBC5404FC215D25FF169B75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clinopsalta autumna Popple & Emery 2017	<div><p>Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–4</p><p>Cicadetta sp. nr adelaida 214: Emery et al. (2005).</p><p>Holotype: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.03416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.302334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.03416/lat -31.302334)">Mt Annan Gardens</a>, Narellan, NSW, 31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E, 29.ix.2009, N. Emery (AM, K.504498) . Paratypes: 1♂, southeast Queensland, 28°03'S 152°22'E, Cunninghams Gap, via <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.36667/lat -28.05)">Aratula</a>, 26.xii.1997, C. J. Burwell, QM reg. no. T237102 (QM); 1♂, 3 km E Wedderburn, NSW, 15.xi.2003, D. Britton ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Beach Road, Harley Hill nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.7335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.773335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.7335/lat -34.773335)">Berry</a>, NSW, 34°46.40'S 150°44.01'E, 24.xii.1994, D. Emery (AM, K.504499–501) ; 1♂, same location, 27.xii.2002, S. and D. Emery; 2♀♀, same location, 2.xi.1997, S. and D. Emery; 1♀, same location, 30.xii.2002, S. and D. Emery; 1♂, Burragorang Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.47133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.068333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.47133/lat -34.068333)">The Oaks</a>, NSW, 34°04.10'S 150°28.28'E, 400 m, 14.xi.2003, S. and D. Emery ; 3♂♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.908/lat -33.808)">Prospect Reservoir</a>, NSW, 33°48.48'S 150°54.48'E, 14.xi.1997, D. Emery ; 2♂♂, same location, 5–11.xi.1998, D. Emery; 1♀, same location, 2.xi.1997; 1♀, same location, 17–21.xi.1997; 2♂♂ 1♀, same location, 5.i.1998, D. Emery; 4♂♂, same location, 11–26.xi.1998, D. Emery; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, Hume Highway, Pheasants Nest nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.63667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.276333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.63667/lat -34.276333)">Bargo</a>, NSW, 34°16.58'S 150°38.20'E, 1.xii.2003, D. Emery and L. Popple ; 2♂♂, Littlefields Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.6725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.838665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.6725/lat -33.838665)">Mulgoa</a>, NSW, 33°50.32'S 150°40.35'E, 4.xii.2000, N. Emery ; 1♀, Littlefields Rd, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.6725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.838665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.6725/lat -33.838665)">Mulgoa</a>, NSW, 33°50.32'S 150°40.35'E, 5.xi.2000, N. Emery (all DE) ; 1♂, Prospect Res, 11.xi.1998, D. Emery, 214-0001 ; 1♀, Prospect Res, 26.x.1998, D. Emery, 214-0002 ; 1♂, Cunningham’s Gap, southeast Queensland, 6.Jan.2001, L. Popple, J. Moss, 214-0003 ; 1♂ 1♀, same data as previous, 12.xi.2001, 214-0004, 214-0006; 1♂, same data as previous, 31.i.1999, 214-0005; 3♂♂ 1♀, Australia NSW, Bargo, Ac [acia] parramattensis, 1.Dec.2003, L. Popple, D. Emery, 214-0008–214-0011 (all LWP) ; 1♂, Milperra, NSW, 7.xii.1976, G. R . Brown; 1♂ 1♀, Harley Hill, 18.xii.1995, D. Emery ; 2♂♂ 2♀♀, Menai, W. of Sutherland, Sydney, NSW, 14.xi.1983, R . Eastwood (all MSM) .</p><p>Other material examined. 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.7335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.773335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.7335/lat -34.773335)">Beach Road</a>, Harley Hill nr Berry, NSW, 34°46.40'S 150°44.01'E, 15.i.1993, T . Emery; 2♂♂, same location, 18–22.xii.1995, D. Emery; 1♂, same location, 1.i.2001, D. Emery; 2♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.908/lat -33.808)">Prospect Reservoir</a>, NSW, 33°48.48'S 150°54.48'E, 11.x.1998, D. Emery ; 3♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.47133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.068333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.47133/lat -34.068333)">Burragorang Rd</a>, The Oaks, NSW, 34°04.10'S 150°28.28'E, 400 m, 18.xi.2003, D. Emery ; 3♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.6725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.838665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.6725/lat -33.838665)">Littlefields Rd</a>, Mulgoa, NSW, 33°50.32'S 150°40.35'E, 14.xi.2007, D. Emery ; 3♂♂ 1♀, Mt. Hunter, NSW, 15.xii.2005, D. Emery ; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.03416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.302334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.03416/lat -31.302334)">Mt. Annan Gardens</a>, Narellan, NSW, 31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E, 24.ix.2011, N. Emery ; 1♀, same location, 29.x.2009, N. Emery; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.88483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.042" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.88483/lat -34.042)">Kentlyn</a>, NSW, 34°02.52'S 150°53.09'E, 1.xi, 2009, N. Emery , 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.10983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.086166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.10983/lat -35.086166)">Endrick River</a> nr Nerriga, 35°05.17'S 150°06.59'E, 1.i.2015, S., N., C., and D. Emery (all DE) .</p><p>Additional locations with audio recordings. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.5875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.808054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.5875/lat -25.808054)">Mountain Rd</a>, Bauple, Qld, 25°48'29"S 152°35'15"E ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.11473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.72889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.11473/lat -27.72889)">Razorback Road</a>, West Haldon, Qld, 27°43'44"S 152°06'53"E ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.61&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.609167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.61/lat -27.609167)">Stirling Road Reserve</a>, Rosewood, 27°36'33"S 152°36'36"E ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.41779&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.085556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.41779/lat -28.085556)">Governor’s Chair</a>, Spicers Gap, Qld, 28°05'08"S 152°25'04"E ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.99889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.564722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.99889/lat -27.564722)">Redwood Park</a>, Withcott, Qld, 27°33'53"S 151°59'56"E ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.99834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.90278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.99834/lat -33.90278)">Carysfield Park</a>, Bass Hill, NSW, 33°54'10"S 150°59'54"E (all LWP).</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 1A,B; 2A; 3). Head. Supraantennal plate and vertex black, with areas of orange-brown colouration extending laterally from dorsal anteriormost edges of postclypeus; frons black with a contrasting area of brown colouration extending anteriorly from median ocellus; mandibular plates and genae black, each with a narrow orange-brown margin and covered by silver–yellow pubescence; small median orange-brown triangular fascia, extending and widening posteriorly from near median ocellus to pronotal margin along the epicranial suture; ocelli pink to red; compound eyes red when alive, brown to dark brown in stored specimens. Postclypeus predominantly black, orange-brown along margins and between the transverse ridges; anterior median area coloured pale orange-brown or reddish-brown; anteclypeus mainly black; rostrum dark brown; antennae dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum mainly medium brown, with an orange-brown medial fascia, bordered with black colouration that widens anteriorly of pronotal collar and also towards proximal margin; dorsal and lateral fissures black; pronotal collar reddish-brown to brown, with lateral margins ampliate and often black. Mesonotum with submedial sigilla black, fused anteriorly, with rounded posterior terminations; lateral sigilla black, sharply defined, elongated and narrowing posteriorly; area posterior of submedian sigilla with yellow highlights, often dark brown to black medially; remainder of mesonotum, including lateral edges adjacent to lateral sigilla, area surrounding scutal depressions and length of parapsidal suture between submedian and lateral sigilla, brown; scutal depressions black; cruciform elevation brown to dark brown; mesonotum with inconspicuous and sparse silvery-yellow pubescence, more apparent adjacent to wing grooves. Metanotum brown; black medially.</p><p>Wings. Fore wing costal vein translucent, orange-brown from base to node, dark brown along remainder; other venation brown, darker proximally; basal membrane orange. Hind wing venation brown, with light brown opaque plaga around margins of anal cell 3, adjacent to vein 3A and vein 2A; six apical cells.</p><p>Legs. Coxae and trochanters predominantly pale to medium brown with irregular black fasciae on anterior, lateral and posterior faces; meracantha spikes dark brown with paler lateral margins, slightly overlapping opercula; fore, mid and hind femora medium (or sometimes pale) brown with dark brown longitudinal fascia developed on posterior, dorsal and anterior faces; fore and mid tibiae mainly dark brown; hind tibiae pale brown; tarsi a mixture of pale, medium and dark brown; claws brown, darker apically; spines of fore femora black.</p><p>Opercula (Fig. 1B). Broadly rounded; predominantly brown; plates undulating with medial areas slightly depressed.</p><p>Timbals (Fig 2A). Five long ribs; ribs 4–5 both unattached to adjacent ribs and shorter than ribs 1–3; ribs 1–3 fused dorsally, but not ventrally.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergite 1 dark brown to black; tergite 2 brown on dorsal surface, black laterally; remaining tergites mainly reddish-brown, becoming paler posteriorly, with areas of black colouration anteriorly, extending posteriorly along dorsal midline and along lateral edges, especially on tergite 3; silvery pubescence most prominent along lateral edges of anterior tergites; tergite 8 dark brown to black. Sternite II brown to orange-brown, with median area of black colouration broadening posteriorly; sternites III to VII brown to orange-brown, with broad and prominent black medial triangular areas, pointed anteriorly, weaker, smaller and sometimes restricted to anterior edge of sternite VII; sternite VIII brown; intersegmental membranes brown.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 3). Pygofer with black colouration dorsally, extending to beak and along anterior lateral edges; medium brown over the remainder; claspers conspicuously elongated, extending posteriorly beyond termination of pygofer, bluntly rounded apically; uncus vertically narrow, relatively short, with rounded termination; pseudoparameres clearly longer than endotheca; endotheca soft and fleshy.</p><p>Female. (Fig. 1C). Similar to male in general colouring and patterning, with more extensive areas of paler colouration.</p><p>Head. Supra-antennal plate and vertex brown anteriorly, black posteriorly; frons black with brown anterior margins and a contrasting area of brown colouration extending anteriorly from median ocellus; mandibular plates and genae brown; small median orange-brown triangular fascia, extending and widening posteriorly from near median ocellus to pronotal margin along the epicranial suture; ocelli pink to red; compound eyes brown to dark brown. Postclypeus black with median area coloured pale orange-brown or reddish-brown; orange-brown along margins and between the transverse ridges; anteclypeus mainly black, reddishbrown medially; rostrum brown, darker posteriorly; antennae dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum as in male. Mesonotum with submedial sigilla black, fused anteriorly, with rounded posterior terminations, often shorter than in male; lateral sigilla black, sharply defined, elongated and narrowing posteriorly, as in male; cruciform elevation brown to dark brown; remainder of mesonotum mainly brown, as in male; mesonotum with inconspicuous and sparse silvery-yellow pubescence, more apparent adjacent to wing grooves. Metanotum brown; black medially.</p><p>Legs. Coxae and trochanters predominantly pale to medium brown with irregular black fasciae on anterior, lateral and posterior faces; fore, mid and hind femora medium (or sometimes pale) brown with dark brown longitudinal fascia developed on posterior, dorsal and anterior faces; fore tibiae mainly dark brown; mid and hind tibiae pale brown; tarsi a mixture of pale, medium and dark brown; claws brown, darker apically; spines of fore femora black.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites 1–8 brown to reddish brown, sometimes dark brown to black anteriorly, with lines of black colouration extending along anterior dorsal and lateral margins; abdominal segment 9 brown to reddish-brown, with a pair of black dorsolateral fasciae, extending from the anterior margin and not reaching the posterior margin and with a localized black spot on posterior lateral surface. Sternite II brown to orange-brown, with median area of black colouration broadening posteriorly; sternites III–VII brown to orange-brown, with broad and prominent black medial, broadly triangular, areas, pointed anteriorly; sternite VIII brown; intersegmental membranes brown. Ovipositor sheath not extending noticeably beyond the posterior termination abdominal segment 9.</p><p>Measurements (in mm; range with mean in parentheses: 12 males, 9 females). Body length: male 16.2–17.9 (17.1); female (incl. ovipositor) 15.0–18.8 (18.0). Fore wing length: male 20.3–22.2 (21.4); female 19.1–24.5 (23.0). Forewing length/width ratio: male 2.53–2.79 (2.62); female 2.63–2.81 (2.75). Head width: male 5.9–6.8 (6.3); female 5.9–6.8 (6.3). Pronotum width: male 5.3–6.0 (5.6); female 5.3–6.3 (6.0). Abdomen width: male 5.5–6.3 (5.9); female 5.6–6.6 (6.1).</p><p>Distinguishing features. Clinopsalta autumna sp. nov. can usually be distinguished from the C. tigris species complex by the complete lack of fore wing infuscations. However, on rare occasions, specimens in the C. tigris species complex also lack wing infuscations. In this case, C. autumna sp. nov. can still be distinguished by having a predominantly dark brown rostrum (cf. mainly brown or olive in paler specimens of C. tigris). In addition, C. autumna sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. semilunata by the broad, black markings on the centre of the sternites. It can be distinguished from the superficially similar C. adelaida by the presentation of forewing vein M3+4, which is distinctly kinked at the intersection with the nodal line. By contrast, in C. adelaida, forewing vein M3+4 is straight proximal to the nodal line intersection and only subtly curved over the remainder.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and behaviour. This species occupies a warm temperate distribution in eastern Australia from Mt Bauple, near Maryborough and the Bunya Mountains in south-east Queensland south along the Great Diving Range and subcoastally to near Goulburn, Nerriga and near Berry in southern New South Wales (Fig. 4). The paucity of records between the Border Ranges and the Greater Sydney regions</p><p>(black triangles), C. autumna sp. nov. (grey circles), C. semilunata sp. nov. (black squares). The former distribution of C. adelaida is sourced from Moulds (1990).</p><p>in New South Wales likely reflect lack of observation or specimen collecting rather than a distribution disjunction, although populations may be patchily distributed. Adults occur in association with wattles, particularly those that retain juvenile foliage (fern-like leaves) as adults, such as Acacia irrorata and A. parramattensis . Hickory wattles, including A. falcata and A. falsiformis, are also inhabited in some areas (Emery et al., 2005). Males call from main branches typically in the upper foliage of wattles. Observations suggest that they tend to remain fairly static, but will relocate quickly at the first sign of disturbance. Adults have been observed between early September and early February.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin word autumnus, meaning “autumn”. The name is a reference to the various colours of this cicada matching those of autumn leaves in a deciduous forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB9E25FFBC5404FC215D25FF169B75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Popple, Lindsay W.;Emery, David L.	Popple, Lindsay W., Emery, David L. (2017): Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs. Records of the Australian Museum 69 (4): 237-256, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1673
03DB9E25FFBB5412FC025B73FCEB9B83.text	03DB9E25FFBB5412FC025B73FCEB9B83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clinopsalta semilunata Popple & Emery 2017	<div><p>Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2B; 4–6</p><p>Notopsalta sp. F: Ewart (1998).</p><p>Holotype: ♂, AUSTRALIA QLD, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.0912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.736/lat -28.0912)">Old Thanes Creek Road</a>, Pratten, 1.xi.2015, Recorded, L. W. Popple, 28.0912°S 151.7360°E, 211-0008, QM reg. no. T237103 (QM) . Paratypes: 1♀ AUSTRALIA Queensland, 6 km west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.96638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.161388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.96638/lat -28.161388)">Thane</a>, 11.xii.2001, hand-collected, L. W. Popple 28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E, 211-0006, QM reg. no. T237104 (QM); 1♂, Jct. Engineer-Auburn Rds., Chinchilla, S. Qld., 10 Oct 1997. Recorded ; 1♂, Wongongera Ck., Miles, S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.48833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.511333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.48833/lat -26.511333)">Qld.</a> 26°30.68'S 150°29.30'E, 3 Oct 1997 ; 1♂, “Red Ridge”, Miles, S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.3975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.789" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.3975/lat -26.789)">Qld.</a> 26°47.34'S 150°23.85'E, 2 Oct. 1997 (all AE) ; 2♂♂, 70 km E. Roma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.618334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.49/lat -26.618334)">Qld</a>, 26°37.1'S 149°29.40'E, 19.x.2011, N. C. and D. Emery (both DE) ; 4♂♂ 1♀, AUSTRALIA Queensland, 6 km west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.96638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.161388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.96638/lat -28.161388)">Thane</a>, 11.xii.2001, hand-collected, L. W. Popple 28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E, 211-0001, 211-0003 to 211-0005, 211-0007 (♀) ; 1♂, same data as holotype (all LWP); 1♂, AUSTRALIA Queensland, 6 km west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.96638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.161388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.96638/lat -28.161388)">Thane</a>, 11.xii.2001, hand-collected, L. W. Popple 28°09'41"S 151°57'59"E, 211-0002 (MSM) .</p><p>Additional location with audio recordings: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.538055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.10611/lat -28.538055)">Swains Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.538055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.10611/lat -28.538055)">Binjour Plateau</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.538055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.10611/lat -28.538055)">Qld</a>, 25°32'00"S 151°29'59"E; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.538055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.10611/lat -28.538055)">Redvale Rd</a> west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.538055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.10611/lat -28.538055)">Binjour</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.538055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.10611/lat -28.538055)">Qld</a>, 25°31'56"S 151°25'32"E; Yelarbon State Forest, Qld, 28°32'17"S 151°06'22"E (all LWP) .</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 2B; 5A,B; 6). Head. Supra-antennal plate and vertex olive-brown anteriorly, black posteriorly; frons brown with contrasting areas of black colouration posteriorly on each side of medial line; mandibular plates and genae mainly olive-brown and covered by silver–yellow pubescence; small median brown triangular fascia, extending and widening posteriorly from near median ocellus to pronotal margin along the epicranial suture; ocelli pink; compound eyes brown. Postclypeus predominantly black, olive-brown along margins and between the transverse ridges; anterior median area coloured brown or reddish-brown; anteclypeus mainly black; rostrum dark brown; antennae dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum mainly medium brown, with a lighter brown to olive-brown medial fascia, bordered with black colouration that widens anteriorly of pronotal collar and also towards proximal margin; dorsal and lateral fissures narrowly and diffusely black; pronotal collar olive-brown, with lateral margins ampliate and often darker at extreme lateral margin. Mesonotum with submedial sigilla black, fused anteriorly, with rounded posterior terminations; lateral sigilla black, sharply defined, elongated and narrowing posteriorly area posterior of submedian sigilla with yellow to yellow-brown highlights; remainder of mesonotum, including lateral edges adjacent to lateral sigilla, area surrounding scutal depressions and length of parapsidal suture between submedian and lateral sigilla, olive-brown to brown; scutal depressions black; cruciform elevation dark brown to black; with inconspicuous and sparse silvery-yellow pubescence, more apparent adjacent to wing grooves. Metanotum brown; black medially.</p><p>Wings. Fore wing costal vein translucent, olive-brown from base to node, dark brown along remainder; other venation olive-brown to brown, dark-brown distally; basal membrane orange. Hind wing venation brown to light brown, with light brown opaque plaga around margins of anal cell 3, adjacent to vein 3A and vein 2A; six apical cells.</p><p>Legs. Coxae and trochanters pale brown to olive brown; meracanthus spikes pale brown to olive-brown, slightly overlapping opercula; fore, mid and hind femora pale brown with weak brown longitudinal fascia developed on posterior, dorsal and anterior faces; fore, mid and hind tibiae pale brown; tarsi mainly pale brown; claws brown, darker apically; spines of fore femora dark brown.</p><p>Opercula (Fig. 5B). Broadly rounded; predominantly brown; plates undulating with medial areas slightly depressed.</p><p>Timbals (Fig. 2B). Five long ribs; ribs 4–5 both unattached to adjacent ribs and shorter than ribs 1–3; ribs 1–3 fused dorsally, but not ventrally.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergite 1 dark brown to black; tergites 2–7 mainly reddish-brown, often dark brown to black on anterior margins, ochraceous on posterior margins, with a weak discontinuous line of dark colouration extending along anterior dorsal and lateral margins; silvery pubescence most prominent along lateral edges of anterior tergites. Sternites olive-brown, often faded to yellow-brown, sometimes paler medially; intersegmental membranes yellow-brown.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 6). Pygofer with black colouration dorsally, extending to beak and along posterior lateral edges to upper lobe; ochraceous over the remainder, anal styles light orange; claspers conspicuously elongated, extending posteriorly beyond termination of pygofer, bluntly rounded apically; uncus vertically narrow, relatively short, with rounded termination; Aedeagus trifid, pseudoparameres clearly longer than endotheca; endotheca soft, fleshy.</p><p>Female. (Fig. 5C). Similar to male in general colouring and patterning, although often with more extensive areas of paler colouration.</p><p>Head. Mainly olive-brown. Supra-antennal plate and vertex pale olive-brown anteriorly, dark brown to black posteriorly; frons olive-brown with contrasting areas of black colouration posteriorly on each side of medial line; mandibular plates and genae pale olive-brown; ocelli pink; compound eyes brown. Postclypeus predominantly olive-brown, tending orange-brown medially, with brown to dark brown longitudinal areas on either side of midline; anteclypeus, rostrum and antennae dark brown.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum as in male, although often with a broader medial fascia. Mesonotum with submedial sigilla brown, separated anteriorly, with slightly darker and rounded posterior terminations, sometimes longer than in male; lateral sigilla dark brown, elongated and narrowing posteriorly, diffuse along margins; area posterior of submedian sigilla with yellow to yellow-brown highlights, as in male; remainder of pronotum, including lateral edges adjacent to lateral sigilla and area surrounding scutal depressions, olive-brown to brown; scutal depressions brown; cruciform elevation dark brown; with inconspicuous and sparse silveryyellow pubescence, more apparent adjacent to wing grooves. Metanotum dark brown.</p><p>Legs. Appearance as in male.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergite 1 pale brown; tergites 2–8 mainly reddish brown, with dark lines of black colouration along median dorsal margins; abdominal segment 9 brown to pale brown, with a pair of narrow, diffuse, dark brown dorsolateral fasciae, extending from the anterior margin and not reaching the posterior margin. Sternites pale brown to olive-brown; intersegmental membranes orange-brown. Ovipositor sheath barely extending beyond the posterior termination abdominal segment 9.</p><p>Measurements (in mm; range with mean in parentheses: 12 males, 2 females). Body length: male 16.1–19.3 (17.9); female (incl. ovipositor) 18.4–18.9 (18.7). Fore wing length: male 19.0–23.5 (22.1); female 22.9–23.9 (23.4). Forewing length/width ratio: male 2.57–2.86 (2.71); female 2.86–2.90 (2.87). Head width: male 5.1–6.3 (5.8); female 5.6–5.9 (5.8). Pronotum width: male 5.0–6.0 (5.6); female 5.5–6.0 (5.8). Abdomen width: male 4.9–4.9 (5.5); female 5.0–5.3 (5.2).</p><p>Distinguishing features. Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. adelaida and C. autumna sp. nov. by having entirely pale brown to pale green sternites without black markings centrally. In most cases, this feature, and a complete lack of fore wing infuscations, distinguishes C. semilunata sp. nov. from the C. tigris species complex. However, on rare occasions, specimens in the C. tigris species complex may also lack wing infuscations and dark central markings on the sternites. In this situation, C. semilunata sp. nov. can still by distinguished by having a predominantly dark brown rostrum (c.f. mainly brown or olive in paler specimens of C. tigris).</p><p>Distribution, habitat and behaviour. Clinopsalta semilunata sp. nov. is restricted to south-east Queensland where it is known from east of Yuleba east to Binjour Plateau and south to near Thane and Yelarbon State Forest (Fig. 4). Populations appear to occur in association with wattles ( Acacia spp.), which grow in the middle storey of dry open forest. At the type locality near Thane, C. semilunata sp. nov. appears to occur principally in association with Acacia caroleae . Near Yuleba and in the Gurulmundi area north of Miles, it has been found mainly on Acacia semilunata . Adults have been observed between September and December.</p><p>Etymology. The name is derived from Latin lunatus, meaning “moon”, with the prefix semi-, meaning “half”. This refers to the bright markings on the mesonotum, which can appear as two “half-moons”. Additionally, the plant Acacia semilunata is one of the species with which this cicada is commonly associated in inland southern Queensland.</p><p>Additional distribution records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton) (Figs 4, 7). 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.922165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.243/lat -33.922165)">Wyalong</a> rest area, NSW, 33°55.33'S 147°14.58'E, 22.xi.2010, L. Popple and D. Emery ; 1♂ (visual and aural observation only, no specimen), 9.8 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.80836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.02631" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.80836/lat -34.02631)">Paskeville</a>, SA, 34.02631°S 137.80837°E, 3.xi.2016, L. Popple and A. McKinnon (both LWP) ; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.54167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.675333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.54167/lat -30.675333)">Pilliga State Forest</a>, 70 km N. of Coonabarabran, NSW, 30°40.52'S 149°32.50'E, 2.xi.2012, N. and D. Emery ; 1♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.03416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.302334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.03416/lat -31.302334)">Whitegum Lookout</a>, Warrumbungle NPk, NSW, 31°18.14'S 149°02.05'E, 680 m, 18.x.2014, N., C. and D. Emery ; 1♂, same location, 5.x.2015, N., C. and D. Emery (all DE); 2♂♂, Gravesend, NSW, 21.xi.1998, M. Coombs ; 2♂♂, Gravesend, NSW, 21.xi.1998, M. Coombs ; 1♂ 1♀, same data as previous, 22.xi.1998; 1♂, 7 km W. of Gravesend, NSW, 21.xi.1998, M. Coombs ; 2♂♂, same data as previous, 22.xi.1998 (all MC) .</p><p>Calling songs</p><p>The calling songs of Clinopsalta adelaida, C. autumna sp. nov. and C. semilunata sp. nov. have clear structural similarities. Each of these species produces a complex day song and a dusk song, although the dusk song of C. adelaida has not yet been recorded. The calls broadly consist of regular macrosyllables or echemes, which may or may not be separated by one or more syllables.</p><p>The calling song description for C. adelaida is based upon a single recording from Telowie Gorge in South Australia (Fig. 8) and two recordings from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">Wyalong</a> in New South Wales (Fig. 9). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">The</a> day calling song of this species is the most complex of all described here and has a characteristic sequence. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">It</a> begins with closely-spaced sets comprising a macrosyllable (0.019 –0.023 s duration) followed by three higher amplitude syllables (each 0.007 –0.010 s duration), separated by gaps of 0.009 –0.015 s duration. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">This</a> is followed by a sequence of 10–35 syllable doublets (each 0.016 –0.019 s duration, punctuated by gaps of 0.015 –0.020 s duration). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">The</a> doublets continue, but are then periodically interrupted by a discrete, higher amplitude macrosyllable (0.040 –0.069 s duration) and doublet (or triplet, 0.014 –0.022 s duration). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">This</a> quickly progresses into a stable phrase pattern, with each phrase comprising a high amplitude macrosyllable and doublet followed by a series of three or four lower amplitude doublets. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">The</a> lower amplitude notes are sometimes augmented with an equivalent number (or fewer) sharp wing-snaps (too subtle in available recordings to allow illustration). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">These</a> wing snaps may continue for a short time in the gaps between the high amplitude notes even after production of the low amplitude notes has ceased. A short time later, the wing snaps also cease and only the high amplitude notes (macrosyllable and doublet) remain, with each phrase ending in a long gap of 0.074 –0.136 s. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.136/lat -0.14)">The</a> phrases then become simplified even further in the final section of the song when the doublets are also dropped, leaving only the macrosyllables, which are then punctuated by even longer gaps of approximately 0.140 s. This final section is typically the longest part of the song (up to 25 s or longer) and it is during this section that the females are expected to respond with a wing-flick (during the gaps), as indicated by the responsiveness of males to simulated wing-flicks (LWP, pers. obs.) .</p><p>The day calling song of C. autumna sp. nov. is similar to C. adelaida; however its structure is more simplistic and not so strongly transitional. Illustrations of this song are provided in Figs 10–12. The song commences a burst of strident phrases, which are composed of a macrosyllable (0.027 – 0.055 s duration, 3–6 syllables) followed by two or three single syllables (0.006 – 0.012 s duration), each separated by gaps of 0.018 – 0.074 s duration (all statistics, n = 16 individual recordings). These may be interrupted by segments in which the syllables (or sometimes all but one of the syllables) in each phrase are replaced by two prominent wing-snaps (e.g. Fig. 11D). In some instances, the song may progress into a sequence whereby the phrases simplify into a single macrosyllable (0.029 – 0.056 s duration), a brief silence (0.035 – 0.071 s), a single syllable, double syllable, or shorter macrosyllable (0.009 – 0.034 s) and a longer silence (0.104 – 0.148 s). In the final section, the song winds down to a long series of macrosyllables (each 3–6 syllables, 0.031 – 0.056 s total duration), each separated by long gaps (0.153 – 0.268 s duration). From the observations of human observers attracting male cicadas using simulated wing-flicks, it is inferred that the female cicada responds with a single wing-flick during the long gap following each macrosyllable in the final section.</p><p>The day calling song of C. semilunata sp. nov. is the simplest among the species documented here (see Fig. 13). It typically commences with a brief introduction, which is composed of a short echeme (0.071 – 0.133 s duration), a gap (0.045 –0.194), a short sequence of syllables or occasionally syllable doublets (each 0.006 – 0.015 s duration, punctuated by gaps of 0.041 – 0.084 s, total duration 0.691 – 1.283 s), followed by a long gap (0.108 – 0.377 s duration; all statistics, n = 17 recordings). The brief introduction is succeeded by a long series of echemes (each 0.091 – 0.158 s duration), each separated by a long gap of 0.255 – 0.373 s duration. As noted for C. adelaida and C. autumna sp. nov., observations of simulated attraction of male cicadas indicate that the female cicada responds with a single wing-flick during the long gaps.</p><p>Based on examination of a single recording for C. autumna sp. nov. and two recordings of C. semilunata sp. nov., the dusk calling songs of these species are both equally simple and monotonous (Fig. 14). In each species, repeated phrases consist of a single discrete syllable followed by a macrosyllable (containing 4–5 syllables). In C. autumna sp. nov., the gaps between each syllable and macrosyllable (and the following syllable) are all of similar duration (0.051 – 0.082 s duration), whereas in C. semilunata sp. nov. the gap following the syllable (0.055 – 0.064 s duration) is considerably shorter than the gap that follows the macrosyllable (0.123 – 0.240 s duration). It is considered likely that C. adelaida also produces a dusk call even though this has not yet been observed or recorded. The function of the dusk calling songs remains unclear, although the repetitive broadcasting of notes could effectively be interpreted as a simplified version of the day calling song. Therefore, it is likely to plays some role in attracting females from the surrounding habitat.</p><p>The three species exhibit similar highest amplitude frequency plateaus in their calling songs (Fig. 15). Based on the available recordings, C. adelaida has a plateau spanning from 8.8–11.7 kHz (dominant frequency between 10.4 and 11.6 kHz), C. autumna sp. nov. has a slightly higher plateau ranging from 9.0–13.6 kHz (dominant frequency between 9.8 and 12.1 kHz) and C. semilunata sp. nov. has a plateau of 8.3–12.3 (dominant frequency between 8.9 and 12.2 kHz). None of these species exhibits frequency modulations between the day and dusk calling songs or within the different sections of the more complicated day calling songs.</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors acknowledge the contributions of Timothy, Nathan and Samantha Emery over more than 15 years of field collections. Thanks are also due to Tony Ewart, Marc Coombs, Max Moulds, Bryce Smith, Rob MacSloy and Kathy Hill for sharing their records and/or observations. In addition, Tony Ewart and Max Moulds provided helpful comments on the draft manuscript. Geoff Thompson (Queensland Museum) provided the high resolution photographs and Hannah Matthews completed the line drawings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB9E25FFBB5412FC025B73FCEB9B83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Popple, Lindsay W.;Emery, David L.	Popple, Lindsay W., Emery, David L. (2017): Two New Species of Clinopsalta Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Additional Distribution Records for Clinopsalta adelaida (Ashton), with Notes on their Distinctive Calling Songs. Records of the Australian Museum 69 (4): 237-256, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1673
