identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.text	03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exilibittacus Yang & Ren & Shih 2012	<div><p>Genus Exilibittacus n. gen.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Exilibittacus lii n. sp.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The generic name is derived from the Latin word “ exil -” (weak) and bittacus (a recent genus of Bittacidae). Gender masculine.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — One crossvein between ScP and RA; RA sharply bent distally; RP+MA forking before the fork of MP; “Kreuz der Bittaciden” aligned, MP3+MP4+CuA1+2 forking before posterior part of “Kreuz der Bittaciden” (if existing); one crossvein between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4; AA3+4 short; Forewing both RP+MA and MP with four branches, but hind wing, three branches.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Exilibittacus n. gen. can be assigned to the infraorder Raptipeda (Willmann 1977, 1989) on the characteristics of legs: long and slender, with a single, predatory claw, the fifth tarsomere folding back toward fourth. Furthermore, it can be classified into the Bittacidae by AA3+4 short and AP1+2 absent on a well-preserved forewing, in contrast to cimbrophlebiids with AA3+4 long and AP1+2 very long and branched.</p> <p>Forewing of Exilibittacus n. gen. is similar to Antiquanabittacus Petrulevičius &amp; Jarzembowski, 2004 and Mongolbittacus Petrulevičius, Huang &amp; Ren, 2007 in the wing venation and size. But the new genus can be distinguished from Antiquanabittacus by these characters: MP3+MP4+CuA1+2 not short; no crossvein present between AA3+4 and CuP; only one crossvein between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4. It can also be differentiated from Mongolbittacus by one crossvein between ScP and RA; RA with one pterostigma crossvein to RP1 and RP+MA forking before the fork of MP. This new genus can be easily distinguished from all other fossil genera: hind wing both RP+MA and MP are with three branches; one crossvein between ScP and RA; RA with one pterostigma crossvein to RP1; RP+MA forking before the fork of MP; “Kreuz der Bittaciden” aligned, MP3+MP4+CuA1+2 forking before posterior part of “Kreuz der Bittaciden” (if existing); one crossvein between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4; and AA3+4 short.</p> <p>The new genus Exilibittacus n. gen. has both RP+MA and MP with four branches in forewings,</p> <p>FIG 1. — Exilibittacus lii n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, part (CNU-M-NN2010001p); B, counterpart (CNU-M-NN2010001c).</p> <p>while both with three branches in hind wing; RP1+2 and MP3 not forking. Up to date, among the described bittacids, only Orobittacus has vein RP+MA with three branches (RP1+2 not forking). This is the first time that the character of MP with three branches in hind wings is reported for the Bittacidae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Xiaoguang;Ren, Dong;Shih, Chungkun	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7.text	03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exilibittacus lii Yang & Ren & Shih 2012	<div><p>Exilibittacus lii n. gen., n. sp. (Figs 1A, B; 2A-F)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — CNU-M-NN2010001p/c, part and counterpart, lateral view, preserved completely, except for missing right hind wing and partial left middle leg. Deposited at the Key Laboratory of Insect Evolution &amp; Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Junyan Li who kindly donated this important specimen to CNU from his private collection.</p> <p>HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — As for the genus by monotypy.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Female, small sized.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>Vertex of head raised, rostrum long and slender; eyes large; antenna filiform, with short scape, stout pedicel (Figs 1A, B; 2A).</p> <p>Leg</p> <p>Long and slender densely covered by short setae; femur strong, tibia with two terminal spurs; tarsus with five segments, the fifth tarsomere folded against the fourth, with a single, predatory tarsal claw. (Figs 1A, B; 2A, B).</p> <p>Forewing</p> <p>Without thyridium, basal part narrow, gradually broaden to apex; pterostigma slightly dark; ScP short, ending in the middle of forewing; one crossvein arising at 2/3 of ScP between ScP and RA; RA through pterostigma, slightly bent distally, not branched; both RP+MA and MP four branches; RP+MA forking before the fork of MP, almost at 1/3 of wing length; MP1+2 forking after RP3+4+MA; RA with two crossveins to RP1+2 and RP1 (one crossvein is pterostigma crossvein); one crossvein between MP1 and MP2; one crossvein between MP2 and MP3; no crossvein present between AA3+4 and CuP; AA3+4 short; AP1+2 absent. Right forewing one crossvein between RP2 and RP3+4; one crossvein between RP3+4 and MA; two crossveins between MA and MP1, but these four crossveins absent in left forewing. Left forewing part of “Kreuz der Bittaciden” (mp1+2-mp3 crossvein) preserved. (Figs 1A, B; 2A, C, D).</p> <p>Hind wing</p> <p>Slightly narrower than forewing, apical margin slightly sharp-pointed; one crossvein arising before the end of ScP between ScP and RA; both RP+MA and MP with three branches; MP1+2 forking after RP3+4+MA; RA with two crossveins to RP1 (one crossvein is pterostigma crossvein); one crossvein between RP1+2 and RP3+4; one crossvein between RP3+4 and MA; one crossvein between MA and MP1; one crossvein between MP1 and MP2; one crossvein between MP2 and MP3; one crossvein between CuA and CuP; AA3+4 very short, reaching posterior wing margin after the origin of RP; AP1+2 absent. (Figs 1A, B; 2A, E).</p> <p>Abdomen</p> <p>Eight segments visible, T9 fused with T8; terminal abdominal segments well preserved; subgenitalis (bearing a conspicuous patch of large setae), tergum octavum, supra-anale, cercus and subanale visible. (Figs 1A, B; 2A, F).</p> <p>Measurement</p> <p>Body 12mm long; forewing 7.5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide; hind wing 7.0 mm long, 1.7 mm wide.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Xiaoguang;Ren, Dong;Shih, Chungkun	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4.text	03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megabittacus Ren 1997	<div><p>Genus Megabittacus Ren, 1997</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Megabittacus colosseus Ren, 1997.</p> <p>T 9 T 8</p> <p>FIG 2. — Exilibittacus lii n. gen., n. sp., line drawings of holotype: A, body with wings; B, left hind leg; C, right forewing; D, left forewing; E, left hind wing; F, genitalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: sg, subgenitalis; suba, subanale; c, cercus; spa, supra-anale; T 8, tergum octavum; T 9, tergum nonum. Other abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F, 0.5 mm.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — M. colosseus, M. beipiaoensis Ren, 1997 and M. spatiosus n. sp.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Three or four crossveins between ScP and RA; RP and MP very long; RP1+2 and RP3+4 notably curved, distance between RP1+2 and RP3+4 very short and with one crossvein; “Kreuz der Bittaciden” aligned, MP3+MP4+CuA1+2 forking at the same point; AA3+4 long, extending to posterior wing margin before the level of RP+MA forking.</p> <p>Based on the above discussion, a key to identify species of the genus of Megabittacus is given page 795.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Megabittacus Ren,1997 was erected based on two species (one with nearly complete wing and body; the other with nearly complete wing but body not perserved). Here, we assign a new species, Megabittacus spatiosus</p> <p>FIG 3. — Megabittacus spatiosus n. sp., photograph and line drawing of holotype: A, holotype (CNU-M-NN2010003); B, line drawing of holotype, body with wings. Scale bars: 10 mm.</p> <p>FIG 4. — Megabittacus spatiosus n. sp., line drawings of holotype: A, right forewing; B, right hind wing; C, left forewing; D, left hind wing. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 5 mm.</p> <p>n.sp.,to this genus based on the following characters: body and wings quite large, wings narrow and long, more than 35 mm long; three or four crossveins between ScP and RA; RP and MP very long; RP1+2and RP3+4 notably curved, distance between RP1+2and RP3+4 very short and with one crossvein. This new species can be differentiated from M.colosseus and M. beipiaoensis by having an oblique crossvein from RA to RP1+2 before pterostigma and two crossveins between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4 (Fig. 5A, B). Based on this new species, we revised the generic diagnosis of Megabittacus Ren, 1997 as follows (see key).</p> <p>FIG 5. — Megabittacus spatiosus n. sp., photographs and line drawing of holotype: A, photograph of one inclined crossvein before pterostigma; B, photograph of two crossveins between M4 and CuA; C, line drawing of genitalia in ventral view; D, photograph of genitalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: gx, gonocoxite; ae, aedeagus; c, cercus; prc, proctiger; epi, epiandrium. Scale bars: C, D, 1 mm.</p> <p>1.5</p> <p>1.4</p> <p>1.3</p> <p>Body 1.2</p> <p>/</p> <p>Forewing 1.1</p> <p>of 1</p> <p>ratio</p> <p>Length 0.9</p> <p>0.8</p> <p>0.7</p> <p>0.6</p> <p>FIG 6. — Length ratios of forewing/body versus body lengths for fossil and extant hangingflies. All data are in mm. Three sets of data are indicated by legends in the Figure.</p> <p>KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES OF MEGABITTACUS REN, 1997</p> <p>1. RP+MA forking before the level of the fork of MP............... M. beipiaoensis Ren, 1997</p> <p>— RP+MA forking slightly after or at the same level of the fork of MP.......................... 2</p> <p>2. One crossvein between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4................. M. colosseus Ren, 1997</p> <p>— Two crossveins between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4....................... M. spatiosus n. sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Xiaoguang;Ren, Dong;Shih, Chungkun	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8.text	03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megabittacus spatiosus Yang & Ren & Shih 2012	<div><p>Megabittacus spatiosus n. sp. (Figs 3A, B; 4A-D; 5A-D)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — CNU-MEC-NN2010003, lateral view, preserved completely. Deposited at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution &amp; Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The Latin word of “ spatiosus ” means long, indicating elongated body and wing.</p> <p>LOCALITY AND HORIZON. — Dawangzhangzi in Lingyuan, western Liaoning, China; Yixian Formation, Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — One oblique crossvein from RA to RP1+2 before pterostigma; two crossveins between MP4+CuA1+2 and CuA3+4.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Male, large sized (Fig. 3A, B).</p> <p>Head</p> <p>Rostrum short; eyes large; antennae not preserved.</p> <p>Leg</p> <p>Long and slender, preserved partially.</p> <p>Wings</p> <p>Narrow basally,no thyridium, broadening from base towards rounded apex,with broadly convex posterior margin, pterostigma slightly dark. The wings much narrower and longer at the base than those of previously known bittacids, apices rounded; ScP very long, end - ing not far from the pterostigma, well beyond the fork of RP+MA; RA running through pterostigma, with a short single branch and RA3+4 distally scoop-shaped; RP arising at a distance of about one quarter length of the wing from the base, RP+MA dividing late into four branches.RP1+2 and RP3+4 notably curved, the distance between the RP1+2 and RP3+4 very short and one short crossvein connecting them, MP with four branches, RP3+4+MA forking before MP1+2, slightly after the fork of MP3+MP4+CuA1+2; vein AA3+4 long, extending before the forks of RP+MA and MP, AP1+2 short; in hind wing,AP1+2 coalesced with AA3+4 for a long distance.</p> <p>Right forewing ScP with two crossveins reaching the wing anterior margin; an oblique basad crossvein from RA to RP1+2 ending before pterostigma; four crossveins between ScP and RA; two crossveins between RP1 and RP2, two crossveins between RP2 and RP3+4, three crossveins between RP3+4 and MA, three crossveins between MA and MP1, three crossveins between MP1 and MP2, three crossveins between MP2 and MP3, two crossveins between MP3 andMP4+CuA1+2 (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Left forewing ScP with one crossvein reaching anterior margin; an oblique apicad crossvein from RA to RP1+2 before pterostigma; two crossveins between ScP and RA; two crossveins between RP2 and RP3+4, two crossveins RP3+4 and MA, two crossveins between MP1 and MP2, five crossveins between MP2 and MP3, three crossveins between MP3 and MP4+CuA1+2, four crossveins between CuA3+4 and CuP, two crossveins between AA3+4 and AP1+2 (Fig. 4C).</p> <p>Right hind wing ScP with one crossvein to anterior margin; an oblique basad crossvein from RA to RP1+2 ending before pterostigma; two crossveins between ScP and RA; no crossveins preserved in RP, MA and MP (Fig. 4B).</p> <p>Left hind wing ScP with one crossvein reaching anterior margin; five crossveins between ScP and RA; an oblique apicad crossvein from RA to RP1+2 before pterostigma; two crossveins between RP2 and RP3+4, three crossveins between RP3+4 and MA, three crossveins between MA and MP1, two crossveins between MP1 and MP2, one crossvein between MP2 and MP3, five crossveins between CuA3+4 and CuP (Fig. 4D).</p> <p>Abdomen</p> <p>Ten segments visible. Genital segment visible, epiandrium long and prong-like, tapering apically with apex curved mesad; upper and low branches of proctiger preserved, upper branch of proctiger with quite long setae; aedeagus of moderate length, recurved (not coiled), with a terminal filamentous extension. (Fig. 5C, D).</p> <p>Measurement</p> <p>The entire body nearly 38.0 mm long; forewing 41.0mm long, 11.5mm wide; hind wing 37.2mm long, 11.3 mm wide.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Xiaoguang;Ren, Dong;Shih, Chungkun	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
