taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Exilibittacus lii n. sp.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The generic name is derived from the Latin word “ exil - ” (weak) and bittacus (a recent genus of Bittacidae). Gender masculine.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — One crossvein between ScP and RA; RA sharply bent distally; RP + MA forking before the fork of MP; “ Kreuz der Bittaciden ” aligned, MP 3 + MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2 forking before posterior part of “ Kreuz der Bittaciden ” (if existing); one crossvein between MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2 and CuA 3 + 4; AA 3 + 4 short; Forewing both RP + MA and MP with four branches, but hind wing, three branches.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF84FF847618691FFF62FE42.taxon	description	The new genus Exilibittacus n. gen. has both RP + MA and MP with four branches in forewings, FIG 1. — Exilibittacus lii n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, part (CNU-M-NN 2010001 p); B, counterpart (CNU-M-NN 2010001 c). while both with three branches in hind wing; RP 1 + 2 and MP 3 not forking. Up to date, among the described bittacids, only Orobittacus has vein RP + MA with three branches (RP 1 + 2 not forking). This is the first time that the character of MP with three branches in hind wings is reported for the Bittacidae.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — CNU-M-NN 2010001 p / c, part and counterpart, lateral view, preserved completely, except for missing right hind wing and partial left middle leg. Deposited at the Key Laboratory of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Junyan Li who kindly donated this important specimen to CNU from his private collection. HORIZON AND LOCALITY. — Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — As for the genus by monotypy.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8475DC6B9AFB0AF9F7.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Female, small sized. Head Vertex of head raised, rostrum long and slender; eyes large; antenna filiform, with short scape, stout pedicel (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A). Leg Long and slender densely covered by short setae; femur strong, tibia with two terminal spurs; tarsus with five segments, the fifth tarsomere folded against the fourth, with a single, predatory tarsal claw. (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, B). Forewing Without thyridium, basal part narrow, gradually broaden to apex; pterostigma slightly dark; ScP short, ending in the middle of forewing; one crossvein arising at 2 / 3 of ScP between ScP and RA; RA through pterostigma, slightly bent distally, not branched; both RP + MA and MP four branches; RP + MA forking before the fork of MP, almost at 1 / 3 of wing length; MP 1 + 2 forking after RP 3 + 4 + MA; RA with two crossveins to RP 1 + 2 and RP 1 (one crossvein is pterostigma crossvein); one crossvein between MP 1 and MP 2; one crossvein between MP 2 and MP 3; no crossvein present between AA 3 + 4 and CuP; AA 3 + 4 short; AP 1 + 2 absent. Right forewing one crossvein between RP 2 and RP 3 + 4; one crossvein between RP 3 + 4 and MA; two crossveins between MA and MP 1, but these four crossveins absent in left forewing. Left forewing part of “ Kreuz der Bittaciden ” (mp 1 + 2 - mp 3 crossvein) preserved. (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, C, D). Hind wing Slightly narrower than forewing, apical margin slightly sharp-pointed; one crossvein arising before the end of ScP between ScP and RA; both RP + MA and MP with three branches; MP 1 + 2 forking after RP 3 + 4 + MA; RA with two crossveins to RP 1 (one crossvein is pterostigma crossvein); one crossvein between RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4; one crossvein between RP 3 + 4 and MA; one crossvein between MA and MP 1; one crossvein between MP 1 and MP 2; one crossvein between MP 2 and MP 3; one crossvein between CuA and CuP; AA 3 + 4 very short, reaching posterior wing margin after the origin of RP; AP 1 + 2 absent. (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, E). Abdomen Eight segments visible, T 9 fused with T 8; terminal abdominal segments well preserved; subgenitalis (bearing a conspicuous patch of large setae), tergum octavum, supra-anale, cercus and subanale visible. (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, F). Measurement Body 12 mm long; forewing 7.5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide; hind wing 7.0 mm long, 1.7 mm wide.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Megabittacus colosseus Ren, 1997. T 9 T 8 FIG 2. — Exilibittacus lii n. gen., n. sp., line drawings of holotype: A, body with wings; B, left hind leg; C, right forewing; D, left forewing; E, left hind wing; F, genitalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: sg, subgenitalis; suba, subanale; c, cercus; spa, supra-anale; T 8, tergum octavum; T 9, tergum nonum. Other abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm; F, 0.5 mm.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4.taxon	description	INCLUDED SPECIES. — M. colosseus, M. beipiaoensis Ren, 1997 and M. spatiosus n. sp. REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Three or four crossveins between ScP and RA; RP and MP very long; RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4 notably curved, distance between RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4 very short and with one crossvein; “ Kreuz der Bittaciden ” aligned, MP 3 + MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2 forking at the same point; AA 3 + 4 long, extending to posterior wing margin before the level of RP + MA forking. Based on the above discussion, a key to identify species of the genus of Megabittacus is given page 795.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF83FF8B76006C24FBEAFAB4.taxon	description	FIG 4. — Megabittacus spatiosus n. sp., line drawings of holotype: A, right forewing; B, right hind wing; C, left forewing; D, left hind wing. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 5 mm. n. sp., to this genus based on the following characters: body and wings quite large, wings narrow and long, more than 35 mm long; three or four crossveins between ScP and RA; RP and MP very long; RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4 notably curved, distance between RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4 very short and with one crossvein. This new species can be differentiated from M. colosseus and M. beipiaoensis by having an oblique crossvein from RA to RP 1 + 2 before pterostigma and two crossveins between MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2 and CuA 3 + 4 (Fig. 5 A, B). Based on this new species, we revised the generic diagnosis of Megabittacus Ren, 1997 as follows (see key). FIG 5. — Megabittacus spatiosus n. sp., photographs and line drawing of holotype: A, photograph of one inclined crossvein before pterostigma; B, photograph of two crossveins between M 4 and CuA; C, line drawing of genitalia in ventral view; D, photograph of genitalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: gx, gonocoxite; ae, aedeagus; c, cercus; prc, proctiger; epi, epiandrium. Scale bars: C, D, 1 mm. 1.5 1.4 1.3 Body 1.2 / Forewing 1.1 of 1 ratio Length 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 FIG 6. — Length ratios of forewing / body versus body lengths for fossil and extant hangingflies. All data are in mm. Three sets of data are indicated by legends in the Figure.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — CNU-MEC-NN 2010003, lateral view, preserved completely. Deposited at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The Latin word of “ spatiosus ” means long, indicating elongated body and wing. LOCALITY AND HORIZON. — Dawangzhangzi in Lingyuan, western Liaoning, China; Yixian Formation, Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — One oblique crossvein from RA to RP 1 + 2 before pterostigma; two crossveins between MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2 and CuA 3 + 4.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
03D887AAFF8CFF8A75E76FE5FC0CFBF8.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Male, large sized (Fig. 3 A, B). Head Rostrum short; eyes large; antennae not preserved. Leg Long and slender, preserved partially. Wings Narrow basally, no thyridium, broadening from base towards rounded apex, with broadly convex posterior margin, pterostigma slightly dark. The wings much narrower and longer at the base than those of previously known bittacids, apices rounded; ScP very long, end - ing not far from the pterostigma, well beyond the fork of RP + MA; RA running through pterostigma, with a short single branch and RA 3 + 4 distally scoop-shaped; RP arising at a distance of about one quarter length of the wing from the base, RP + MA dividing late into four branches. RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4 notably curved, the distance between the RP 1 + 2 and RP 3 + 4 very short and one short crossvein connecting them, MP with four branches, RP 3 + 4 + MA forking before MP 1 + 2, slightly after the fork of MP 3 + MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2; vein AA 3 + 4 long, extending before the forks of RP + MA and MP, AP 1 + 2 short; in hind wing, AP 1 + 2 coalesced with AA 3 + 4 for a long distance. Right forewing ScP with two crossveins reaching the wing anterior margin; an oblique basad crossvein from RA to RP 1 + 2 ending before pterostigma; four crossveins between ScP and RA; two crossveins between RP 1 and RP 2, two crossveins between RP 2 and RP 3 + 4, three crossveins between RP 3 + 4 and MA, three crossveins between MA and MP 1, three crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2, three crossveins between MP 2 and MP 3, two crossveins between MP 3 andMP 4 + CuA 1 + 2 (Fig. 4 A). Left forewing ScP with one crossvein reaching anterior margin; an oblique apicad crossvein from RA to RP 1 + 2 before pterostigma; two crossveins between ScP and RA; two crossveins between RP 2 and RP 3 + 4, two crossveins RP 3 + 4 and MA, two crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2, five crossveins between MP 2 and MP 3, three crossveins between MP 3 and MP 4 + CuA 1 + 2, four crossveins between CuA 3 + 4 and CuP, two crossveins between AA 3 + 4 and AP 1 + 2 (Fig. 4 C). Right hind wing ScP with one crossvein to anterior margin; an oblique basad crossvein from RA to RP 1 + 2 ending before pterostigma; two crossveins between ScP and RA; no crossveins preserved in RP, MA and MP (Fig. 4 B). Left hind wing ScP with one crossvein reaching anterior margin; five crossveins between ScP and RA; an oblique apicad crossvein from RA to RP 1 + 2 before pterostigma; two crossveins between RP 2 and RP 3 + 4, three crossveins between RP 3 + 4 and MA, three crossveins between MA and MP 1, two crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2, one crossvein between MP 2 and MP 3, five crossveins between CuA 3 + 4 and CuP (Fig. 4 D). Abdomen Ten segments visible. Genital segment visible, epiandrium long and prong-like, tapering apically with apex curved mesad; upper and low branches of proctiger preserved, upper branch of proctiger with quite long setae; aedeagus of moderate length, recurved (not coiled), with a terminal filamentous extension. (Fig. 5 C, D). Measurement The entire body nearly 38.0 mm long; forewing 41.0 mm long, 11.5 mm wide; hind wing 37.2 mm long, 11.3 mm wide.	en	Yang, Xiaoguang, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chungkun (2012): New fossil hangingflies (Mecoptera, Raptipeda, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Geodiversitas 34 (4): 785-799, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a4
