identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D887BED70DFFDFFD89FAC8CA0F4DDE.text	03D887BED70DFFDFFD89FAC8CA0F4DDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baliga Navas 1912	<div><p>Genus Baliga Navás, 1912</p><p>Baliga Navás, 1912b: 110 .</p><p>Type species: Myrmeleon asakurae Okamoto, 1910: 297 . Original designation.</p><p>Balaga Navás, 1912b: 111 .</p><p>Type species: Myrmeleon micans McLachlan, 1875: 176 . Original designation.</p><p>Baga Navás, 1930a: 37 . Type species: Balaga montana Navás, 1930a: 38 . Monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Baliga is quite similar to Hagenomyia and Myrmeleon but can be distinguished from Hagenomyia by the female anterior gonocoxites 8 relatively shorter than posterior gonocoxites 8 (these two female genital sclerites are nearly equal length in Hagenomyia) and from Myrmeleon by the presence of interconnected crossveins in the costal area of forewing (these interconnected crossveins are absent in Myrmeleon).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Baliga currently includes 17 described species, predominantly distributed in the Oriental (12 species) and Palaearctic regions (4 spp.: China, Japan, and Korea) with a single species in Australia (Queensland). It is widely distributed in the Oriental region: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the main islands of Indonesia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Philippines, Japan, and Korea (Ghosh 2000; Stange 2004; Bao et al. 2007; Hayashi et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED70DFFDFFD89FAC8CA0F4DDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED70DFFDFFF4FFBA5CC604EC9.text	03D887BED70DFFDFFF4FFBA5CC604EC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleontini Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to genera of Myrmeleontini from Pakistan</p><p>1. Antenna slightly swollen; wings generally broad; forewing costal area usually with interconnected crossveins proximal to pterostigmal area (Fig. 2A–B)........................................ Baliga Navás, 1912</p><p>– Antenna obviously swollen; wings relatively narrow; forewing costal area without interconnected crossveins proximal to pterostigmal area (Fig. 7) .................................. Myrmeleon Linnaeus, 1767</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED70DFFDFFF4FFBA5CC604EC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED70CFFD0FD9EFEE9CA324920.text	03D887BED70CFFD0FD9EFEE9CA324920.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baliga kashmirensis Hassan & Zheng & Liu 2022	<div><p>Baliga kashmirensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 50FFB0E4-1CC4-40DC-B088-D29329F0A1CF</p><p>Figs 1–5, 20</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Larger-sized species (forewing length: 34.5–44.8 mm), superficially resembling to Baliga sagax (Walker, 1853) based on similar yellow markings on vertex but can be distinguished by the yellow pronotum, with a pair of well separated median longitudinal dark brown stripes and frons mostly shining black, but medially with a narrow longitudinal yellow marking and a narrow median U-shaped yellow marking at ventral corner (Fig. 3B–D).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named after its type locality, i.e., Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype PAKISTAN • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.82954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.82954/lat 33.8512)">Azad Kashmir</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.82954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.82954/lat 33.8512)">District Poonch</a>, Rawalakot Valley, Khai Gala; 33°51′4.3194″ N, 73°49′46.3434″ E; 1802 m a.s.l.; 4 Jun. 2019, Hassan M.A. leg.; CAU.</p><p>Paratypes PAKISTAN • 7♂♂, 7♀♀; Azad Kashmir, District Poonch, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.82954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.82954/lat 33.8512)">Rawalakot Valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.82954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.82954/lat 33.8512)">Khai Gala</a>; 33°51′4.3194″ N, 73°49′46.3434″ E; 1802 m a.s.l.; 4 Jun.–19 Aug.–3 Sep. 2019 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, District Mansehra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.25723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.46251" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.25723/lat 34.46251)">Bajna</a>; 34°27′45.036″ N, 73°15′26.028″ E; 1000 m a.s.l; 19 Jul. 2019; Hassan M.A. leg.; CAU .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (♂ n =5, ♀ n = 6). Forewing: length ♂ 34.5–38.5 mm, ♀ 37.7–44.8 mm; width ♂ 9.0– 10.6 mm, ♀ 10.0–12.0 mm. Hind wing: length ♂ 36.0–39.0 mm, ♀ 39.0–46.0 mm; width ♂ 7.8–8.6 mm, ♀ 10.0 mm. Body length: ♂ 32.0– 35.2 mm, ♀ 34.0– 39.5 mm.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 3A–D). Vertex moderately raised, dark brown with yellow markings; in frontal view dark brown, dorsally with a pair of C-shaped yellow markings, which are connected to ocular rim; in dorsal view dark brown but medially yellow, with a rounded dark brown marking at middle; epicranial area black, with longitudinal transverse grooves, covered with short brownish pubescence. Frons shining black, but medially with a narrow longitudinal yellow marking and a narrow median U-shaped yellow marking at ventral corner, covered with short brownish pubescence. Occiput and postorbital sclerites yellow. Clypeus pale yellow (Fig. 3B) or medially with two small rounded dark brown spots in some specimens (Fig. 3C), and with four median long brown setae. Labrum brownish yellow, with erected brownish setae at proximal margin. Genae pale yellow. Maxillary and labial palps pale yellow, with terminal labial palpomere spindleshaped, palpimacula brownish, small and circular, with short pale yellow setae. Antennae black, covered with short black setae, dorsal ring of scape and pedicel yellowish brown, flagellum black with several distal flagellomeres widened and moderately flattened. Antennal sclerite yellow (Fig. 3B).</p><p>THORAX (Fig. 3A). Pronotum slightly wider than long, yellow, with two median longitudinal dark brown stripes; lateral margins narrowly dark brown after anterior transverse furrow in lateral view; covered with long sparse black setae, but anterolateral margins with short, black and pale yellow setae. Mesonotum yellow with a median and lateral dark brown stripe; prescutum laterally with a pair of rounded yellow spots, covered with long sparse black setae; mesoscutum with a median and lateral dark brown stripe, lateral stripes limited to proximal ⅔, covered with short yellow setae; metascutellum yellow with a broad median longitudinal dark brown stripe, covered with long sparse yellow setae. Metanotum yellow with a median and lateral dark brown stripe, lateral stripes limited to proximal half of metascutum, covered with short yellow setae. Pleuron yellow, with a median longitudinal dark brown stripe, covered with short sparse yellow setae (Fig. 3F).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 3F). Foreleg: coxa and trochanter yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Femur yellow, covered with short, black and brownish yellow setae, proximal half with a few long black setae; femoral sense hair as long as proximal ½ of profemora. Tibia yellow, with mixed, short and thick black setae, antennal cleaning setae yellow; tibial spurs brownish, straight, as long as Ta1. Tarsomeres yellow, covered with short black setae; Ta1 equal to combined length of Ta2–Ta3; Ta2, Ta3 and Ta4 nearly equal in size; Ta5 equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta4. Pretarsal claws brownish, curved. Mid leg similar to foreleg. Hind leg similar to mid leg, but femoral sense hair absent.</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 2). Forewing: relatively broad, subacute at apex; membrane hyaline; longitudinal veins dark brown, except Sc with alternate dark brown and yellow patches, covered with sparse short black setae; costal area with interconnected crossveins proximal to pterostigma for at least ⅓ of forewing length; seven to nine presectoral crossveins; initial branching point of CuA at same level to Rs origin; Rs with 12–16 branches; pterostigma milky white; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian line present. Hind wing: slightly longer than forewing, acutely pointed at apex; membrane hyaline; longitudinal veins dark brown, except Sc with alternate dark brown and yellow patches, covered with sparse short black setae; costal veinlets simple, except a few marginally forked crossveins around poststigmal area; five presectoral crossveins; median fork proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 14–18 branches; pterostigma milky white, relatively smaller than that on forewing; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian line present; pilula axillaris with rounded knob, covered with dense brown setae.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 1). Tergites brownish, covered with short brownish yellow setae. Sterites brownish yellow, covered with short brownish yellow setae.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 4C–G). Tergum 9 trapezoidal, with anterior margin slightly prominent in lateral view. Sternum 9 slenderly triangular in ventral view, covered with long black setae at distal half. Ectoproct nearly rectangular in lateral view, posterodorsal margin rounded, covered with yellow setae, posteroventral corner slightly prominent, covered with long thick black setae. Gonocoxites 11 highly sclerotized, lateral arms straight, apex curved ventrad in dorsal view. Gonostylus 11 slightly prominent in ventral view. Gonocoxites 9 broad and elongate, curved with pointed apex in lateral view.</p><p>FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 4A–B). Tergum 9 quadrate in lateral view, with short black setae. Ectoproct subquadrate, posterodorsal margin rounded, with short yellow setae, but proximal ⅓ with robust digging setae. Anterior gonocoxites 8 short, as long as wide, with thick long black setae. Posterior gonocoxites 8 long, digitiform, with long black setae. Gonocoxites 9 broad and rounded, with robust digging setae, anterolaterally with a bunch of erected short black setae at proximal ⅓.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED70CFFD0FD9EFEE9CA324920	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED702FFD7FDBFFCDFCBDF4CE9.text	03D887BED702FFD7FDBFFCDFCBDF4CE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon Linnaeus 1767	<div><p>Genus Myrmeleon Linnaeus, 1767</p><p>Myrmeleon Linnaeus, 1767: 913:</p><p>Type species: Myrmeleon formicarium Linnaeus, 1767: 914 . Subsequent designation by Latreille, 1810: 435.</p><p>Macroleon Banks, 1909: 4 . Type species: Myrmeleon validus McLachlan, 1894: 515 . Original designation.</p><p>Enza Navás, 1912b: 113 . Type species: Enza otiosus Navás, 1912b: 114 . Monotypy.</p><p>Myrmeleodes Navás, 1912c: 242 . Type species: Myrmeleodes medius Navás, 1912c: 243 . Monotypy.</p><p>Moreyus Navás, 1914b: 55 . Type species: Moreyus brasiliensis Navás, 1914b: 55 . Monotypy.</p><p>Morter Navás, 1915a: 466. Type species: Myrmeleon hyalinus Olivier, 1811: 126 . Original designation.</p><p>Neleon Navás, 1915b: 53 . Type species: Myrmeleon immaculatum De Geer, 1773: 564 . Original designation.</p><p>Neseurus Navás, 1916: 53 . Type species: Myrmeleon alternans Brullé in Webb &amp; Berthelot, 1839: 83. Original designation.</p><p>Cocius Navás, 1919: 296 . Type species: Cocius angustatus Navás, 1919: 297 . Monotypy.</p><p>Leptoleon Esben-Petersen, 1918: 18 . Type species: Leptoleon regularis Esben-Petersen, 1918: 18 . Monotypy.</p><p>Myrmeleonellus Esben-Petersen, 1918: 17 . Type species: Myrmeleonellus pallidus Esben-Petersen, 1918: 18 . Monotypy.</p><p>Dicholeon Navás, 1920: 193 . Type species: Dicholeon nigritarsis Navás, 1920: 193 . Monotypy.</p><p>Tafanerus Navás, [1921] 1919: 62 . Type species: Tafanerus indicus Navás, [1921] 1919: 63 . Original designation.</p><p>Talosus Navás, 1923a: 35 . Type species: Talosus oberthuri Navás, 1923a: 35 . Monotypy.</p><p>Banya Navás, 1923b: 145 . Type species: Banya trifasciata Navás, 1923b: 145 . Monotypy.</p><p>Grocus Navás, 1925: 185 . Type species: Grocus gerstaeckeri Navás, 1925: 185 . Original designation.</p><p>Colinus Navás, 1925: 187 . Type species: Colinus philippinus Navás, 1925: 187 . Monotypy.</p><p>Afroleon Navás, 1927: 13 . Type species: Afroleon basutus Navás, 1927: 13 . Monotypy.</p><p>Neurocolinus Navás, 1930b: 42 . Type species: Colinus philippinus Navás, 1925: 187 . Monotypy.</p><p>Nemeyus Navás, 1934a: 502 . Type species: Nemeyus sanaanus Navás, 1934a: 503 . Monotypy.</p><p>Nezuela Navás, 1934b: 155 . Type species: Nezuela geayana Navás, 1934b: 156 . Monotypy.</p><p>Bordus Navás, 1936a: 165 . Type species: Bordus temeratus Navás, 1936a: 166 . Monotypy.</p><p>Congoleon Navás, 1936b: 337 . Type species: Congoleon sociatus Navás, 1936b: 337 . Monotypy.</p><p>Hypsoleon Navás, 1936c: 103 . Type species: Hypsoleon chappuisinus Navás, 1936c: 103 . Monotypy.</p><p>Nelneja Navás, 1936c: 104 . Type species: Nelneja guttata Navás, 1936c: 105 . Monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon is similar to Baliga by the presence of anterior gonocoxites 8 relatively shorter than posterior gonocoxites 8 in the female genitalia (Fig. 9A–B) but can be distinguished by the absence of interconnected crossveins in the costal area of forewing (Fig. 7).</p><p>Key to species of the genus Myrmeleon from Pakistan *</p><p>1. Vertex wholly black, without yellow markings (Fig. 18C) ............................................................... 2</p><p>– Vertex black, distally with yellow markings in dorsal view (Fig. 8C) .............................................. 3</p><p>2. Clypeus yellow with two median rounded brownish markings; pronotum dark brown, medially with a narrow longitudinal complete yellow stripe, rounded in center, laterally with a narrow yellow stripe at proximal half (Hölzel 1972: fig. 97); male gonocoxite 9 arcuate at distal margin in ventral view (Hölzel 1972: fig. 101)................................................................. M. paghmanus Hölzel, 1972</p><p>– Clypeus yellow without distinct brownish markings (Fig. 18B); pronotum yellow, medially with two longitudinal dark brown stripes (Fig. 18C); male gonocoxite 9 pointed at distal margin in ventral view (Fig. 19E–G).............................................................................. M. trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885</p><p>3. Pronotum predominantly dark brown................................................................................................ 4</p><p>– Pronotum yellow, medially with two longitudinal dark brown stripes, separated by a narrow yellow line or yellow with a median longitudinal and lateral transverse dark brown stripe......................... 5</p><p>4. Pronotum dark brown, medially with two yellow stripes on anterior half at proximal to anterior transverse furrow, laterally with a narrow yellow stripe at proximal half (Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1992: fig. 1A)....................................................................................................... M. clothilde Banks, 1913</p><p>– Pronotum dark brown, medially with a narrow longitudinal yellow stripe at proximal half and two rounded yellow markings at distal half, laterally with a narrow yellow stripe at proximal ⅔ (Aspöck et al. 1980: fig. 820; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020: fig. 12)................ M. inconspicuus Rambur, 1842</p><p>5. Pronotum yellow, medially with two longitudinal dark brown stripes, narrowly separated by central yellow line (Fig. 8A).......................................................................................................................... 6</p><p>– Pronotum yellow, medially with a longitudinal dark brown stripe, anterior transverse furrow with medially dark brown stripe, distal margin with two transverse dark brown stripes (Fig. 14C) .......... ................................................................................................... M. hyalinus hyalinus Olivier, 1811</p><p>6. Vertex black, posteromedially with a pair of longitudinal yellow markings (Fig. 8C) ....................... ........................................................................................................... M. tenuipennis Rambur, 1842</p><p>– Vertex black, posteriorly with four yellow markings, two at medially and two at lateral margins (Ghosh 1984: fig. 38; Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1992: fig. 2A) ............................ M. assamensis Ghosh, 1984</p><p>* excluding Myrmeleon bore and M. noacki .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED702FFD7FDBFFCDFCBDF4CE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED705FFCFFDC3F8FFCA764E00.text	03D887BED705FFCFFDC3F8FFCA764E00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon tenuipennis Rambur 1842	<div><p>Myrmeleon tenuipennis Rambur, 1842</p><p>Figs 6–11, 20</p><p>Myrmeleon tenuipennis Rambur, 1842: 405 . Type locality: India (Maharashtra: Mumbai).</p><p>Myrmeleon fryeri Navás, 1914c: 135 . Type locality: Sri Lanka.</p><p>Myrmeleon bimaculatus Yang, 1999: 149 . Type locality: China (Fujian: Nanping). Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon tenuipennis can be distinguished based on the presence of two narrow median longitudinal yellow markings at posteromedially on vertex (Fig. 8C) and with a pair of median dark brown stripes on pronotum, which is narrowly separated by a central yellow line.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>PAKISTAN – Islamabad Capital Territory • 11 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.0361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.7316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.0361/lat 33.7316)">Margalla Hills</a>; 33°43′53.76″ N, 73°2′9.96″ E; 562 m a.s.l.; 16 Aug. 2019, Hassan M.A. leg.; CAU • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.1526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.664062" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.1526/lat 33.664062)">Faiz Abad</a>; 33°39′50.6154″ N, 73°9′9.36″ E; 480 m a.s.l.; 11 Aug. 2019, Hassan M.A. leg.; CAU . – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.56485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.054092" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.56485/lat 35.054092)">District Swat</a>; 35°3′14.7306″ N, 72°33′53.4492″ E; 760 m a.s.l.; 11 Sep. 2019; Fazullah leg.; NIM • 1 ♀; District Haripur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.98915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.985455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.98915/lat 33.985455)">Sarai Saleh</a>; 33°59′07.64″ N, 72°59′20.97″ E; 610 m a.s.l.; 12 Aug. 2019; Hussain R. leg.; PMNH . – Punjab Province • 1♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.07064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.429667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.07064/lat 31.429667)">District Faisalabad</a>, UAF; 31°25′46.8048″ N, 73°4′14.3112″ E; 192 m a.s.l.; 28 Aug. 2019; Hassan M.A. leg.; NIM .</p><p>CHINA – Fujian Province • 1 ♀ (paratype of Myrmeleon bimaculatus); Sha County; 27 Aug. 1979; Bangkan Huang leg.; CAU • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 6 larvae reared to adults; Longyan, Xinluo District, Mt. Tiangongshan; 15 Mar. 2020; Yuchen Zheng leg.; CAU • 1 ♂; Xiamen, Siming District, Hudietan; 11 Jun. 2021; Yuchen Zheng leg.; CAU . – Hainan Province • 1 ♂; Ledong, Jianfengling; 14 Jun. 1983; Maobin Gu leg.; CAU . – Guangdong Province • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Guangzhou, Fanyu District, Sun Yat-sen University; Jun. 1987; Xuanda Zhang leg.; CAU . – Guangxi Province • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Nanning; 23 May 1982; Fasheng Li leg.; CAU • 1 ♂; Congzuo, Pingxiang; 10 May 1963; Chikun Yang leg.; CAU .</p><p>Re-description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS (♂ n =5, ♀ n = 6). Forewing: length ♂ 24.5–31.0 mm, ♀ 25.0– 32.5 mm; width ♂ 5.5– 6.8 mm, ♀ 5.6–6.6 mm; hind wing: length ♂ 24.5–30.0 mm, ♀ 27.5–32.0 mm; width ♂ 4.2–5.4 mm, ♀ 4.7–5.5 mm; body length: ♂ 24.5–25.5 mm, ♀ 22.5–28.0 mm.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 8B–C). Vertex moderately raised; in frontal view black, without yellow markings; dorsally black, posteromedially with two longitudinal yellow markings; epicranial area shining black. Frons shining black, but ventral corner yellow, covered with short brownish pubescence. Occiput shining black. Postorbital sclerite yellow. Clypeus pale yellow, distally with four long black setae. Labrum yellow, covered with erected brownish setae at proximal margin. Genae pale yellow. Maxillary and labial palps pale yellow, terminal labial palpomere spindle-shaped, palpimacula brownish, small and circular, with short black setae. Antennae black, scape mostly yellow, pedicel yellow at proximal ⅓, flagellum dark brown, covered with short black setae. Antennal sclerite yellow (Fig. 8C–D).</p><p>THORAX (Fig. 8A, C). Pronotum slightly wider than long, yellow, with two median longitudinal dark brown stripes, separated by a narrow yellow central stripe, lateral margins yellow, covered with long yellow setae. Mesonotum dark brown, medially with faintly brownish yellow marking, distal margin yellow, covered with sparse yellow setae, but prescutum with long dark brown setae. Metanotum dark brown, medially with faintly brownish yellow markings, distal margin of metascutellum yellow, covered with sparse yellow setae. Pleuron dark brown, covered with sparse yellow setae (Fig. 8E).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 8E). Foreleg: coxa and trochanter yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Femur yellow, posterolaterally brownish at apex, covered with short black setae, but posterolaterally with a few long black setae at proximal ½ and ventrally with short yellow setae; femoral sense hair shorter than proximal ½ of profemora. Tibia yellow, anterolaterally brownish, covered with short black setae, posterolaterally with a few long black setae, antennal cleaning setae yellow; tibial spurs brownish, straight, as long as Ta1. Tarsomeres yellow, covered with short black setae; Ta1 equal to combined length of Ta2–Ta4; Ta2, Ta3 and Ta4 nearly equal in size; Ta5 equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta3. Pretarsal claws brownish, moderately curved. Mid leg: coxa and trochanter similar to foreleg. Femur yellow, anterolaterally brownish, covered with short black setae, ventrally with soft yellow and laterally with a few long black setae at proximal half; femoral sense hair shorter longer than proximal half of mid femora. Tibia similar to foreleg, but laterally with a few long black setae; tibial spurs similar to foreleg. Tarsomeres and pretarsal claws similar to foreleg. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter similar to mid leg. Femur yellow, with distinct subapical brownish ring, covered with short black setae, but at proximal half with a few long black setae; femoral sense hair absent. Tibia yellow, ventrally brownish, covered with short black setae, ventrally with a row of long black setae; tibial spurs similar to middle leg. Tarsomeres and pretarsal claws similar to mid leg.</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 7). Forewing: slightly longer and wider than hind wing, subacute at apex; membrane hyaline; costal area slightly narrow at proximal region; venation yellow, except Sc with alternate brownish and yellow patches at proximal half, covered with sparse short black setae; poststigmal area with a few interconnected crossveins; seven to nine presectoral crossveins; initial branching point of CuA at same level or proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 10–13 branches; CuP origin at same level to basal crossveins, fused with 1A after a short free base; pterostigma small, milky white; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian line present. Hind wing: relatively narrower than forewing, acute at apex; membrane hyaline; venation similar to forewing; four presectoral crossveins; median fork proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 12–14 branches; pterostigma indistinct; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian line present; pilula axillaris small, with rounded knob, covered with dense brown setae.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 6). Tergites dark brown, but in some specimen with a narrow transverse yellow stripe at distal margin of terga 4–8, covered with short brownish yellow setae. Sternites dark brown, covered with short brownish yellow setae.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 9C–G). Tergum 9 trapezoidal, with anterior margin slightly prominent in lateral view. Sternum 9 ovoid in ventral view, covered with elongated black setae at distal half. Ectoproct nearly rectangular in lateral view, covered with yellow setae at distal half, posteroventral corner at proximal half with long thick black setae in lateral view. Gonocoxites 11 highly sclerotized, lateral arms straight, posterolaterally wide and rounded in dorsal view. Gonostylus 11 slightly prominent in dorsal view. Gonocoxites 9 broad and elongated, proximally diverged in dorsal view, distally rounded in lateral view.</p><p>FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 9A–B). Tergum 9 quadrate in lateral view, covered with short black setae. Ectoproct rounded in lateral view, posterodorsal margin rounded, with short yellow setae, but proximal ⅓ with robust digging setae. Anterior gonocoxites 8 short, as long as wide, covered with thick long black setae. Posterior gonocoxites 8 long, digitiform, covered with long black setae. Gonocoxites 9 broad and rounded, covered with robust digging setae, anterolaterally with a bunch of erected short black setae at proximal ⅓. Pregenital plate small, pointed at apex in ventral view.</p><p>Note</p><p>Myrmeleon tenuipennis is rarely mentioned in literature since its original description (Rambur 1842; Ghosh 1983; Stange 2004). Previously, it was only known from India, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam (Stange 2004; Oswald 2020). But we thought this is the most common antlion species in Pakistan, previously misidentified as M. assamensis . The marking patterns on frons and pronotum of M. assamensis reported from Pakistan (Akhtar et al. 2018: fig. 1a) and the paratype of Myrmeleon bimaculatus Yang, 1999 (Fig. 11) from China are almost identical to the type photographs of M. fryeri Navás, 1914 (Fig. 10). However, it can be distinguished from these closely related species by the presence of two yellow markings on vertex in dorsal view (with four yellow markings in M. assamensis: two at median and two at lateral margins in dorsal view). After careful examination of the holotype photographs of M. fryeri (Fig. 10), which is a junior synonym of M. tenuipennis proposed by Esben-Petersen (1931), it is concluded that the specimens presently collected from Pakistan are M. tenuipennis based on the presence of two yellow markings on vertex, instead of four in M. assamensis . We also examined the paratype of M. bimaculatus Yang, 1999 (holotype lost), and confirm that this species is a synonym of M. tenuipennis . Myrmeleon tenuipennis is widely distributed in coastal areas of southern China.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Punjab Province (Islamabad Capital Territory: District Jhelum); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan), India (Maharashtra), Sri Lanka, Vietnam (Ghosh 1983; Yang 1999; Stange 2004; Bao &amp; Wang 2006; Bao et al. 2009; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED705FFCFFDC3F8FFCA764E00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED71DFFC2FDE0FB95CC5A4E84.text	03D887BED71DFFC2FDE0FB95CC5A4E84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon hyalinus subsp. hyalinus Olivier 1811	<div><p>Myrmeleon hyalinus hyalinus Olivier, 1811</p><p>Figs 12–15, 20</p><p>Myrmeleon hyalinus hyalinus Olivier, 1811: 126 . Type locality: Saudi Arabia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>It can be distinguished by the distinctive head and thoracic markings: frons black, except for ventral corner yellow (Fig. 14B); vertex black, median and posterior portions with yellow markings in dorsal view; pronotum yellow, medially with a longitudinal brownish stripe, anterior transverse furrow dark brown, distally with a pair of well-separated transverse brownish stripes (Fig. 14C); wings narrowly elongated, acutely pointed at apex, initial branching point of CuA distad Rs origin (Fig. 13). Moreover, male genitalia is distinctive among species of Myrmeleon in Pakistan: gonocoxites 11 highly sclerotized, lateral arms elongated; gonostylus 11 rounded in lateral view; gonocoxites 9 narrow and elongated, wider in lateral view with pointed apex.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>PAKISTAN – Islamabad Capital Territory • 1 ♂; Quaid-e-Azam University, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.16116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.75143" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.16116/lat 33.75143)">Shahdarah</a>; 33°45′5.1474″ N, 73°9′40.1754″ E; 555 m a.sl.; 24 Aug. 2019; Hassan M.A. leg.; CAU .</p><p>Re-description</p><p>MEASUREMENT (♂ n=1). Forewing: length 26.2 mm, width 5.5 mm; hind wing: length 26.2 mm, width 4.6 mm; body length: 24.0 mm.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 14B–C). Vertex moderately raised; in frontal view black, without yellow markings; in dorsal view black, medially with a pair of transverse and posteriorly with a pair of longitudinal yellow markings; epicranial area black, with longitudinal grooves, covered with short brownish pubescence. Frons black, but ventral corner yellow, covered with short yellowish pubescence. Occiput and postorbital sclerites yellow. Clypeus yellow, medially with two indistinct dark brown markings. Labrum yellow, covered with erected brownish setae at proximal margin. Genae pale yellow. Maxillary and labial palps pale yellow, terminal labial palpomere spindle-shaped, palpimacula brownish, small and circular, with short black setae. Antennae brownish, dorsal ring of scape and pedicel yellow, covered with short black setae, flagellum brownish with proximal and distal margin dark brown. Antennal sclerites yellow (Fig. 14B).</p><p>THORAX (Fig. 14A). Pronotum slightly wider than long, yellow, medially with a longitudinal brownish stripe, slightly interrupted at anterior transverse furrow; dark brown stripe along anterior transverse furrow, not reaching at lateral margins; distally with a pair of well-separated transverse brownish stripes; covered with sparse yellow setae. Mesonotum dark brown; prescutum laterally with a narrow yellow stripe; mesoscutum with yellow markings on median and posterolateral margins; mesoscutellum at distal ⅔ yellow; covered with sparse yellow setae, but prescutum with long dark brown setae. Metanotum dark brown; prescutum medially with faintly brownish longitudinal yellow marking; metascutum distally with a pair of large yellow markings; metascutellum laterally and distally brownish yellow; covered with sparse yellow setae. Pleuron dark brown, with yellow markings, covered with sparse yellow setae (Fig. 14E).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 14E). Foreleg: coxa and trochanter yellow, with short yellow setae. Femur yellow, light brownish at distal ½, with short black setae, but posterolaterally with a few long black setae at proximal half; femoral sense hair shorter than proximal ½ of profemora. Tibia yellow, with mixed, short and long black setae at proximal half, antennal cleaning setae yellow; tibial spurs brownish, straight, as long as Ta1. Tarsomeres yellow, with short black setae; Ta1 equal to combined length of Ta2–Ta3; Ta2, Ta3 and Ta4 nearly equal in size; Ta5 equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta3. Pretarsal claws brownish, curved. Mid leg: coxa yellow, slightly brownish at proximal ½, with yellow setae. Trochanter yellow, with short black setae. Femur yellow, light brownish at distal ½, covered with short black setae, laterally with a few long black setae at proximal half; femoral sense hair shorter than proximal half of mid femora. Tibia yellow, covered with mixed, short and long black setae; tibial spurs similar to foreleg. Tarsomeres and pretarsal claws similar to foreleg. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter similar to mid leg. Femur yellow, light brownish at distal ⅓, covered with short black setae, proximal half with a few long black setae; femoral sense hair absent. Tibia, tarsomeres, and pretarsal claws are similar to mid leg.</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 13). Forewing as long as hind wing, acute at apex; membrane hyaline; costal area slightly narrow at proximal region; venation brownish yellow, covered with sparse short black setae; poststigmal area with a few interconnected crossveins; nine presectoral crossveins; initial branching point of CuA proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 11 branches; CuP origin at the same level to basal crossveins, fused with 1A after a short free base; pterostigma indistinct; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian present. Hind wing: relatively narrow, acute at apex; membrane hyaline; venation similar to forewing; five presectoral crossveins; median fork at proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 12 branches; pterostigma indistinct; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian indistinct; pilula axillaris small, with rounded knob covered with dense brown setae.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 12). Tergites dark brown, distally with a narrow yellow stripe on terga 1–8, lateral margins yellow, covered with short brownish yellow setae. Sternites dark brown, distally with a narrow yellowish stripe, covered with short brownish yellow setae.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 15). Tergum 9 subtrapezoidal in lateral view. Sternum 9 ovate-shaped, covered with long black setae at distal ⅓. Ectoproct nearly rectangular in lateral view, posteroventral corner slightly prominent, covered with long thick black setae. Gonocoxites 11 highly sclerotized, lateral arms elongated, apex broad and curved ventrad in dorsal view. Gonostylus 11 rounded in lateral view. Gonocoxites 9 narrow and elongated, wider in lateral view with pointed apex.</p><p>Note</p><p>Myrmeleon hyalinus currently includes five subspecies: M. h. hyalinus Olivier, 1811 (widespread in Northern Africa and the Middle East, Atlantic islands, India, and Pakistan), M. h. afghanus Hölzel, 1987 (Afghanistan), M. h. caboverdicus Hölzel, 1987 (Cape Verde Islands), M. h. cabrerai Navás, 1912 (Canary Islands), and M. h. distinguendus Rambur, 1842 (widespread in Southern Europe to the Middle East), which can be distinguished in adult morphology and geographical distribution (Hölzel 1987). The morphological characters to delimit the subspecies of M. hyalinus are largely unreliable, particularly the frontal and prothoracic marking patterns (Fig. 14A–C; Hölzel 1987: fig. 2; Akhtar et al. 2018: fig. 3a; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020: fig. 11). For example, the marking pattern of frons in our examined specimen is similar to M. h. cabrerai with lower margin of frons narrowly yellow (Fig. 13B; Hölzel 1987: fig. 10), but different from M. h. hyalinus that is distinguished by a median yellow marking on frons at lower margin (Fig. 14B; Hölzel 1987: fig. 8; Akhtar et al. 2018: fig. 7a; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020: 20). However, the intraspecific divergence herein observed for M. h. hyalinus and M. h. distinguendus was 0.021 –0.049 based on COI gene data. Furthermore, the monophyly of M. h. hyalinus was not recovered based on our analysis (Fig. 21). In conclusion, a combined morphological and molecular data should be applied for all subspecies to resolve the status of these geographically isolated subspecies.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: (Punjab Province: District Bahawalpur, Lal Sohanra National Park); widespread: Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East, East to Western India and Macaronesia (Aspöck et al. 2001; Stange 2004; Ábrahám 2010, 2011, 2017; Akhtar et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED71DFFC2FDE0FB95CC5A4E84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED710FFFBFDC6FB10CDC44875.text	03D887BED710FFFBFDC6FB10CDC44875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker 1885	<div><p>Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885</p><p>Figs 16–20</p><p>Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker, [1885] 1884: 23 . Type locality: India (Himalayas).</p><p>Myrmeleon montanus Navás, 1914a . 234. Type locality: India (Darjeeling).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body coloration generally dark brown; frons and vertex wholly black, without yellow markings (Fig. 18B–C); pronotum slightly wider than long, mostly yellow, with two broad median dark brown stripes, narrowly separated by a central yellow line; meso- and metanotum dark brown, posteriorly yellow, covered with scattered fine yellowish setae (Fig. 18A).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>PAKISTAN – Islamabad Capital Territory • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.1526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.664062" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.1526/lat 33.664062)">Faiz Abad</a>; 33°39′50.6154″ N, 73°9′9.36″ E; 480 m a.s.l.; 11 Aug. 2019; Hassan M.A. leg.; CAU. – Azad Kashmir • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; District Bagh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.1526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.664062" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.1526/lat 33.664062)">Bagh City</a>; 33°58′18.29″ N, 73°47′37.45″ E; 1150 m a.s.l.; 3–7 Aug. 2019 • 1 ♂; District Pooch, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.7361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.835598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.7361/lat 33.835598)">Goi Nala</a>, 33°50′8.1594″ N, 73°44′9.9594″ E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 5 Sep. 2019 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Rawalakot Valley, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.77404&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.84966" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.77404/lat 33.84966)">University of Poonch</a>; 33°50′58.776″ N, 73°46′26.5434″ E; 1645 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 2019 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.81636&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.810028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.81636/lat 33.810028)">Banjosa Lake</a>; 33°48′36.10″ N, 73°48′58.89″ E; 1828 m a.s.l.; 3 Sep. 2019; Hassan M.A. and Hussain S. leg.; CAU . – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province • 6 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; District Mansehra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.29373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.48289" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.29373/lat 33.48289)">Pakistan Forest Institute Filed Station</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.29373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.48289" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.29373/lat 33.48289)">Shinkiari</a>; 33°28′58.41102″ N, 73°17′37.43297″ E; 1334 m a.s.l.; 19 Aug. 2019 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.374504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.406403" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.374504/lat 34.406403)">Garhi Habibullah</a>; 34°24′23.0394″ N, 73°22′28.1994″ E; 770 m a.s.l.; 22 Aug. 2019; Hassan M.A. leg.; NIM • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.56485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.054092" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.56485/lat 35.054092)">Swat</a>, 35°3′14.7306″ N, 72°33′53.4492″ E; 760 m a.s.l.; 11 Sep. 2019; Fazullah leg.; NIM • 1 ♀; District Orakzai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.73" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.01/lat 33.73)">Tirah Valley</a>; 33°43′48″ N, 71°0′36″ E; 2300 m a.s.l.; 23 Jun. 2016; Syed leg.; NIM .</p><p>CHINA – Tibet • 10 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; Shigatse, Gyirong County, Gyirong Town; 2650 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun. 2020; Yuchen Zheng leg.; CAU . – Yunnan Province • 2 ♂♂; Baoshan, Longyang District, Mangkuan Township, Baihualing Village, Hanlong Camp; 1400 m a.s.l.; 7 Jun. 2020; Yuchen Zheng and Jiazhi Zhang leg.; CAU .</p><p>Re-description</p><p>MEASUREMENT (♂ n = 4, ♀ n = 5). Forewing: length ♂ 36.0–39.0 mm, ♀ 36.0– 43.5 mm; width ♂ 7.5– 9.0 mm, ♀ 8.2–9.5 mm; hind wing: length ♂ 35.5–38.5 mm, ♀ 35.4–42.5 mm; width ♂ 7.0– 7.3 mm, ♀ 6.3–7.8 mm; body length: ♂ 32.0–37.0 mm, ♀ 31.4–38.0 mm.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 18B–C). Vertex moderately raised; in frontal and dorsal view black, without yellow markings; epicranial area with longitudinal grooves, covered with short yellowish pubescence. Frons shining black, with short yellowish pubescence. Occiput shining black. Postorbital sclerite yellow. Clypeus yellow, with four long black setae on proximal margin. Labrum yellow, covered with erected brownish setae at proximal margin. Genae pale yellow. Maxillary and labial palps pale yellow, terminal labial palpomere spindle-shaped, palpimacula brownish, small and circular, with short black setae. Antennae black, with distal ring of scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum dark brown with several distal flagellomeres pointed at apex, covered with short black setae. Antennal sclerites yellow (Fig. 18D).</p><p>THORAX (Fig. 18A). Pronotum slightly wider than long, yellow, medially with pair of longitudinal dark brown stripes, separated by a narrow central yellow line, covered with short sparse yellow setae, anterolaterally with short black setae, posterolaterally and distally with a few long black setae. Mesonotum dark brown, covered with sparse yellow setae; posterolateral margins on pre- and mesoscutum with yellow markings, prescutum covered with long dark brown setae; metascutellum distally with a narrow yellow stripe, covered with sparse yellow setae. Metanotum dark brown, metascutellum distally with a narrow yellow stripe, covered with sparse yellow setae. Pleuron dark brown, covered with sparse yellow setae (Fig. 18E).</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 18E). Foreleg: coxa yellow, slightly brownish at proximal ⅓, with short yellow setae. Trochanter yellow, covered with mixed, short, black and yellow setae. Femur yellow, posterolaterally brownish at apex, covered with short black setae, proximal half with a few long black setae, proximal ⅓ with short yellow setae; femoral sense hair shorter than proximal half of profemora. Tibia yellow, laterally brownish in some specimens, distally shiny black, with short black setae, posterolaterally with a few long black setae, antennal cleaning setae yellow; tibial spurs brownish, straight, as long as Ta1. Tarsomeres yellow, distally each tarsomere dark brown, with short black setae; Ta1 longer than Ta2; Ta2, Ta3 and Ta4 nearly equal in size; Ta5 nearly equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta4. Pretarsal claws brownish, moderately curved. Mid leg: coxa and trochanter similar to foreleg. Femur yellow, anterolaterally dark brown, covered with short black setae, proximal ⅓ with short yellow setae but proximal half with a few long black setae; femoral sense hair shorter than proximal half of mid femora. Tibia yellow, anterolaterally brownish, distally shiny black, covered with short and long black setae; tibial spurs, tarsomeres and pretarsal claws similar to foreleg. Hind leg: coxa and trochanter similar to mid leg. Femur yellow, anterolaterally at distal ⅓ brownish, covered with long black setae, but proximal half with short yellow setae; femoral sense hair absent. Tibia, tibial spurs, tarsomeres, and pretarsal claws similar to mid leg.</p><p>WINGS (Fig. 17). Forewing: relatively broad, slightly longer than hind wing, subacute at apex; membrane hyaline; costal area slightly narrow at proximal region; longitudinal veins yellow, except Sc and Cu at proximal half with alternate dark brown and yellow patches; crossveins yellow, except cubital area after posterior Banksian line with crossveins black; six to nine presectoral crossveins; initial branching point of CuA proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 11–14 branches; pterostigma small, milky white; anterior Banksian line indistinct as compared to more prominent posterior Banksian line which is proximally brownish black. Hind wing: relatively narrower than forewing, acute at apex; membrane hyaline; longitudinal veins yellow except Sc at proximal half with alternate dark brown and yellow patches; crossveins yellow, but median area after posterior Banksian line with crossveins black; five to six presectoral crossveins; median fork proximal to Rs origin; Rs with 12–14 branches; pterostigma milky white; anterior Banksian line absent; posterior Banksian line indistinct; pilula axillaris with rounded knob, covered with dense brown setae.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Fig. 16). Tergites dark brown, distally with a narrow yellow stripe on terga 4–8; terga 4–7 relatively broader in both sexes; covered with short yellowish setae, but posterior and posterolateral margins of terga 6–7 with mixed, short, black and brownish setae, tergum 8 with short black setae. Sternites dark brown, sterna 7–8 each with distally a narrow yellow stripe; covered with short yellowish setae.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 19C–G). Tergum 9 trapezoidal, with anterior margin slightly prominent in middle in lateral view. Sternum 9 triangular in ventral view, covered with long and elongated black setae. Ectoproct nearly rectangular in lateral view, posterodorsal margin rounded, covered with yellow setae, posteroventral corner slightly prominent, covered with long thick black setae. Gonocoxites 11 highly sclerotized, lateral arms straight, rounded at apex in ventral view, apex curved ventrad in dorsal view. Gonostylus 11 cone-shaped, prominent in ventral view. Gonocoxites 9 separated, narrow and straight proximally, wide and curved distally with pointed apex in lateral view.</p><p>FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 19A–B). Tergum 9 subquadrate, covered with short black setae. Ectoproct rounded in lateral view, distal ⅔ yellow with short yellow setae, proximal ⅓ dark brown with robust digging setae. Anterior gonocoxites 8 short, as long as wide, covered with thick long black setae. Posterior gonocoxites 8 long, digitiform, covered with elongated black setae. Gonocoxites 9 broad and rounded, covered with robust digging setae, anterolaterally with a bunch of erected short black setae at proximal ⅓. Pregenital plate small, heart-shaped.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (District Mansehra, Garhi Habib Ullah), Azad Kashmir (District Muzaffarabad, Peer Chanasi), Punjab Province (District Rawalpindi, Murree); China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Shaanxi, Tibet, Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal), Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam (Ghosh 1984, 2000; Zhan et al. 2011; Akhtar et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Ábrahám &amp; Giacomino 2020; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED710FFFBFDC6FB10CDC44875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED728FFFAFDCFFEE9C8A34EE5.text	03D887BED728FFFAFDCFFEE9C8A34EE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon assamensis Ghosh 1984	<div><p>Myrmeleon assamensis Ghosh, 1984</p><p>Myrmeleon assamensis Ghosh, 1984: 23 . Type locality: India (Assam).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon assamensis can be distinguished by the marking patterns on vertex and pronotum: vertex black, posteriorly with four yellow markings, two at middle and two at lateral margins in dorsal view; pronotum yellow, medially with a pair of dark brown stripes, which are separated by a narrow median yellow line.</p><p>Note</p><p>In the original description (solely based on male), Ghosh (1984) characterized this species based on the presence of two black stripes on the pronotum and the number of presectoral crossveins and the radial branches in both wings. Subsequently, Ghosh (1990) described the female of this species and found that the number of presectoral crossveins and the radial branches are different from that in the male previously described by him. Later, Iqbal &amp; Yousuf (1992: fig. 2) re-described this species based on specimens from Pakistan and provided the line drawings of the head and pronotum in dorsal view as well as the male genitalia. Recently, Akhtar et al. (2018: fig. 1a) also recorded this species in Pakistan, which, however, is a case of misidentification of M. tenuipennis (see Note to this species). In the original description of Myrmeleon assamensis, the marking patterns on vertex are as follows: vertex at distally with two longitudinal and two transverse dark spots in dorsal view (vertex with only two longitudinal yellow markings in M. tenuipennis). No new specimens of this species were found in this study.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Punjab Province (District Jhelum, District Khanewal, District Sahiwal); India (Assam State) (Ghosh 1984, 1992, 2000; Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1992, 1997; Stange 2004; Akhtar et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED728FFFAFDCFFEE9C8A34EE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED728FFF9FDAFFB1ACC784836.text	03D887BED728FFF9FDAFFB1ACC784836.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder 1941)	<div><p>Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941)</p><p>Grocus bore Tjeder, 1941: 74 . Type localities: Sweden and Norway.</p><p>Myrmeleon exigus Yang, 1999: 148 . Type locality: China (Fujian: Dongshan).</p><p>Myrmeleon tschernovi Krivokhatsky &amp; Shapoval, 2014: 173 . Type locality: Russia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon bore can be characterized by wholly dark brown vertex without yellow markings and the pronotum with lateral margins narrowly yellow on proximal half (Aspöck et al. 1980: fig. 822; Ábrahám &amp; Papp 1991: fig. 2; Monserrat &amp; Acevedo 2013: fig. 39; Tillier et al. 2013: fig. 13; Ábrahám &amp; Giacomino 2020: fig. 3), while the species recorded from Pakistan have yellow markings on a vertex in dorsal view and the pronotum medially brownish yellow (Akhtar et al. 2018: fig. 2a). This character suggests that the specimens from Pakistan identified as Myrmelon bore belong to a different species.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Myrmeleon bore seems widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region and was recently recorded from Pakistan. Notably, Enza otiosus Navás, 1912 has long been considered a secondary synonym of M. bore (Stange 2004; Sekimoto 2014; Wang et al. 2018). However, based on the priority of the nomenclature of the ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), the validity of E. otiosus should be restored and transferred to Myrmeleon, then M. bore should be treated as a synonym of the former. Meanwhile, Kuwayama (1962) did not treat E. otiosus as a synonym for M. bore formally. Considering the type localities between E. otiosus (holotype in Japan) and M. bore (syntypes in Sweden and Norway) have great distance, the relationship between both species needs to be further investigated. Hence, we do not include E. otiosus in the citation of M. bore .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan? Widespread in Palaearctic Region (Röhricht 1998; Aspöck et al. 2001; Bao &amp; Wang 2006; Akhtar et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Ábrahám &amp; Giacomino 2020; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED728FFF9FDAFFB1ACC784836	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED72BFFF9FDBCFDC6CA294EC1.text	03D887BED72BFFF9FDBCFDC6CA294EC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon clothilde Banks 1913	<div><p>Myrmeleon clothilde Banks, 1913</p><p>Myrmeleon clothilde Banks, 1913: 223 . Type locality: India (Bihar: Samastipur, Pusa).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon clothilde can be characterized by wholly dark brown vertex with yellow markings at distal half in dorsal view; pronotum dark brown, laterally slightly narrow yellow at proximal half; medially with two narrow longitudinal yellow stripes at proximal to anterior transverse furrow (Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1992: fig. 1a).</p><p>Note</p><p>Since its original description, this species was rarely mentioned in literature (Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1992, 1997; Ghosh 2000; Stange 2004). After reviewing the aforementioned literature from Pakistan and India, we found that the male genitalia of this species have not been described so far. However, further additional data on the male genitalia and distribution of this rarely known species in Pakistan need to be updated in further studies. No new specimens of this species were found in this study.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Punjab Province (District Faisalabad); India, Sri Lanka (Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1992, 1997; Ghosh 2000; Stange 2004; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED72BFFF9FDBCFDC6CA294EC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED72BFFF9FDDAFAFECD334DDE.text	03D887BED72BFFF9FDDAFAFECD334DDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon inconspicuus Rambur 1842	<div><p>Myrmeleon inconspicuus Rambur, 1842</p><p>Myrmeleon inconspicuus Rambur, 1842: 406 . Type locality: unknown.</p><p>Myrmeleon incertus Rambur, 1842: 406 . Type locality: probably from Southern France.</p><p>Myrmeleon erberi Brauer, 1868: 190 . Type locality: unknown.</p><p>Myrmeleon ariasi Navás, 1913b: 114 . Type locality: Morocco.</p><p>Myrmeleon inconspicuus leoninus Navás, 1912d: 30 . Type locality: unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon inconspicuus can be characterized by a wholly dark black vertex with yellow markings at distal half in dorsal view; pronotum dark brown with a narrow median longitudinal yellow marking at proximal to anterior transverse furrow and two rounded yellow markings at distal half (Akhtar et al. 2018: fig. 4a; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020: figs 11–12). No new specimens of this species were found in this study.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Punjab Province (District Chakwal, Lal Sunahara National Park, District Bhakkar, Darya Khan, Mithi, District Dera Ghazi Khan, Chak Talpur, District Sahiwal, Harappa); Southern Europe (widespread), Northern Africa (widespread), Middle East to Iran (Aspöck et al. 1980, 2001; Akhtar et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED72BFFF9FDDAFAFECD334DDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED72AFFF8FD93FEE9CBB94E93.text	03D887BED72AFFF8FD93FEE9CBB94E93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon noacki Ohm 1965	<div><p>Myrmeleon noacki Ohm, 1965</p><p>Myrmeleon noacki Ohm, 1965: 108 . Type locality: Greece (West Greece: Zachlorou).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon noacki can be characterized by a wholly dark brown vertex, without yellow markings; pronotum dark brown, laterally yellow, medially with a narrow longitudinal yellow line at proximal half wings lack pipula axillaris in males; apex of male gonocoxites 9 narrowly arcuated at anterolateral margins in ventral view.</p><p>Note</p><p>Myrmeleon noacki is known from the southeastern parts of Europe to Turkey, and was recently reported from Iran and Pakistan (Akhtar et al. 2018; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020). The reports of Myrmelon noacki from Pakistan need to be re-evaluated and compared with European specimens. Typically, this species is characterized by a narrow median longitudinal yellow marking at proximal half of pronotum and the male genitalia with gonocoxites 9 at anterolateral margins arcuated at anterolateral margins at apex in ventral view (see Ohm 1965: figs 2, 6; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020: figs 10, 14). The prothoracic markings and the shape of male genitalia of this species recorded from Pakistan match the typical diagnosis for M. paghmanus: pronotum dark brown, medially with a narrow longitudinal yellow marking, rounded at middle; male gonocoxites 9 arcuate at distal margin in ventral view (see Akhtar et al. 2018: fig. 5a–b; Hölzel 1972: figs 97, 101–102). No new specimens of this species were found in this study.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Azad Kashmir (District Bagh); Gilgit-Baltistan (District Gilgit); Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Iran, Turkey (Aspöck et al. 2001; Pantaleoni &amp; Badano 2012; Akhtar et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Hajiesmaeilian et al. 2020; Oswald 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED72AFFF8FD93FEE9CBB94E93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
03D887BED72AFFFFFDCBFB2DCA5A485C.text	03D887BED72AFFFFFDCBFB2DCA5A485C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleon paghmanus Holzel 1972	<div><p>Myrmeleon paghmanus Hölzel, 1972</p><p>Myrmeleon paghmanus Hölzel, 1972: 37 . Type locality: Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Swat; GabralTal).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Myrmeleon paghmanus can be characterized by the combination of the following characters: clypeus yellow, medially with two rounded brownish markings; pronotum dark brown, medially with a narrow longitudinal complete yellow stripe, laterally with a narrow yellow stripe at proximal half wings lack pipula axillaris in males; male gonocoxites 9 arcuate at distal margin in ventral view.</p><p>Note</p><p>Up till now, this species is only known from Afghanistan and Pakistan. No new specimens of this species were found in this study.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (District Swat, Gabral-Tal); Afghanistan (Hölzel 1972; Stange 2004; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2020).</p><p>Molecular identification</p><p>The present phylogenetic analysis based on COI and 16S rRNA genes shows that there is strong support for the monophyly of Baliga clade for Japanese species by BI, ML, and NJ methods, which, however, did not comprise Baliga kashmirensis sp. nov. from Pakistan. Based on COI genes, Baliga kashmirensis sp. nov. was assigned to be within a monophylum with M. tenuipennis and M. taiwanensis Miller &amp; Stange, 1999 . However, the monophyly of Baliga kashmirensis sp. nov. with M. tenuipennis, M. hyalinus, M. trivialis, and the M. formicarius clade is recovered with relatively low nodal support values. For now, the present phylogenetic analysis is largely focused on species identification due to incomplete taxon sampling. The genetic divergence between B. kashmirensis sp. nov. and the species of Myrmeleon was 0.139 –0.188 and that between this new species and the other species of Baliga was 0.153 –0.186. The greatest intraspecific divergence (0.049) was found respectively in B. ryukyuensis Hayashi &amp; Matsumoto, 2020 and M. hyalinus . The minimum and maximum interspecific genetic divergence between species of Baliga and Myrmeleon ranged from 0.074 –0.186, and 0.123 –0.188, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887BED72AFFFFFDCBFB2DCA5A485C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar;Zheng, Yuchen;Liu, Xingyue	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Zheng, Yuchen, Liu, Xingyue (2022): Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 831: 1-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1867
