identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D8A74A2B23F868FEC2FC8DFA6DFE51.text	03D8A74A2B23F868FEC2FC8DFA6DFE51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minipteryx robusta Theischinger 2015	<div><p>Minipteryx robusta sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1–16</p> <p>Type material. Holotype. ♂ (unique, ♀ unknown): Australia, New South Wales: Kosciuszko National Park, Pipers Creek downstream from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.43555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.39829" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.43555/lat -36.39829)">Smiggin Holes</a>, adjacent to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.43555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.39829" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.43555/lat -36.39829)">Summit Road</a> (36.39829°S 148.43555°E, 1638 m a.s.l.), 6-v-2015, G. Theischinger leg. (AMS).</p> <p>Description ♂ (♀ unknown). Large almost completely black micropterous crane fly.</p> <p>Head (Figs 1, 8) largely black, setose. Rostrum almost atrophied. Maxillary palp 2-segmented. Antenna 12- segmented: scape cylindrical and about twice as long as wide; pedicel at least as wide as scape, oval and about 1.3 times as long as wide; first flagellar segment oval, narrow at base, widest subapically, 1.5 times as long as wide; segment 4 slightly longer than wide; segments 5–10 almost globular, in one antenna segment 11 almost twice as long as preceding segments, and segment 12 only slightly longer than wide, in the other antenna segments 5–11 similar in length and segment 12 distinctly longer than wide. Palp and antenna, but in particular antennal flagellum paler greyish brown than remainder of head.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 2, 9, 10) rather short and narrow, largely brownish grey to brownish black. Legs with coxae and trochanters and basal portion of femora dark brown, remainder of femora, tibiae and tarsi black and very hairy. Wing greatly reduced, pale, without interpretable venation details, narrow in basal ⅓, dilated into broad blade in distal ⅔; halter very short, pale, almost conical, without distinct knob.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 3) long and slender. Tergites black, particularly segments 4 and 5 with lateral bumps slightly past mid-length (Fig. 11), sternites slightly paler.</p> <p>Terminalia (Figs 4–7, 12–16): Segment 9 a simple ring that is apically not produced, lobed or indented; aedeagal complex (Figs 6, 7, 14, 15) strongly sclerotized, the parameres narrow rods, widely and rather evenly curved dorsad, reaching beyond half-length of aedeagus, which is claw-shaped, bifid, apically pointed and directed distinctly ventrad; gonocoxite simply subconical, not modified; two pairs of gonostyli, the inner an only partially sclerotized, simple, thick blade, the outer strongly sclerotized, basally very wide, tapering into bifid tip (Fig. 16).</p> <p>Dimensions. Total length about 14.5 mm; antenna 1.4 mm; length of metafemur 11.0 mm; wing 1.2 mm.</p> <p>Etymology. Robustus, -a, -um is a Latin adjective meaning robust, referring to the apparent robustness of the species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8A74A2B23F868FEC2FC8DFA6DFE51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Theischinger, G.	Theischinger, G. (2015): Minipteryx robusta-a New Genus and Species of Micropterous Limnophilinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 67 (6): 201-206, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650
03D8A74A2B23F868FEF8FF18FEDDFCE0.text	03D8A74A2B23F868FEF8FF18FEDDFCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minipteryx Theischinger 2015	<div><p>Minipteryx gen. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1–16</p> <p>Diagnosis. A rather large limoniid tipuloid, the male almost completely black without any distinct markings. Head (Figs 1, 8) with rostrum almost completely atrophied, palps only 2-segmented and antennae 12-segmented. Thorax (Figs 2, 9, 10) short and narrow, without V-shaped thoracic suture developed; katepisternum small, all coxae very large, formula of tibial spurs 1/2/1, claws simple, wing greatly reduced in size and halter without distinct knob. Abdominal segments 3–6, but particularly segments 4 and 5 (Fig. 11), with distinct bump on each side just past mid-length. Terminalia (Figs 4–7, 12–16): segment 9 a simple ring that is apically not produced, lobed or indented; two pairs of gonostyli, the inner simple, the outer armed; aedeagal complex (Figs 6, 7, 14, 15) strongly sclerotized, the parameres narrow rods, the aedeagus clawshaped, bifid (double-branched), pointing distinctly ventrad (as in Fig. 14).</p> <p>Etymology. The generic name refers to the almost minimal size of the wings.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8A74A2B23F868FEF8FF18FEDDFCE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Theischinger, G.	Theischinger, G. (2015): Minipteryx robusta-a New Genus and Species of Micropterous Limnophilinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 67 (6): 201-206, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650
03D8A74A2B26F86DFC22FF47FAB1FDC2.text	03D8A74A2B26F86DFC22FF47FAB1FDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limoniidae	<div><p>Limoniidae, Chioneinae</p> <p>Molophilus micropteryx Alexander, 1927</p> <p>New South Wales: Wentworth Falls, Blue Mountains, 2844 ft (867 m). Collecting date 18 Nov. 1921. Female body length about 2.8 mm; wing 0.8 mm. Male unknown. Subgeneric placement unknown as known from brachypterous female only (Alexander, 1927; Theischinger, 1992).</p> <p>Molophilus subapterogyne Alexander, 1927 Tasmania: Cradle Valley. Collecting date 23 Jan. 1923. Female body length about 3 mm; wing 1.2 mm. Male unknown. Subgeneric placement unknown as known from brachypterous female only (Alexander, 1927; Theischinger, 1992).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8A74A2B26F86DFC22FF47FAB1FDC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Theischinger, G.	Theischinger, G. (2015): Minipteryx robusta-a New Genus and Species of Micropterous Limnophilinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 67 (6): 201-206, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650
03D8A74A2B26F86DFE69FCEBFDB7F81E.text	03D8A74A2B26F86DFE69FCEBFDB7F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tipulidae	<div><p>Tipulidae</p> <p>Ptilogyna (Plusiomyia) necopina (Alexander, 1922) Tasmania: Gladstone. Collecting date not available. Female subapterous; wings reduced to narrow straps, about 5.5 mm long; body length about 24 mm. Male unknown (Dobrotworsky, 1971).</p> <p>Ptilogyna (Plusiomyia) spissigrada (Alexander, 1922) Tasmania: Frenchmans Cap. Collecting date not available. Female subapterous; wings considerably reduced in both length and breadth, about 12 mm long; body length about 33 mm. Male unknown (Dobrotworsky, 1971).</p> <p>Ptilogyna (Plusiomyia) tripectinata (Alexander, 1922) Tasmania: Magnet, Waratah, 5 miles SW of Waratah, Strahan, Milabena. Available collecting date 17 Feb. 1963. Female subapterous with wings reduced to narrow straps, 11.0 mm long; length of body, without ovipositor, 20.0 mm; male wings 24.5–26 mm, body length 25 mm (Alexander, 1922; Dobrotworsky, 1971).</p> <p>Leptotarsus (Phymatopsis) tonnoiranus (Alexander, 1928) Tasmania: Cradle Valley; Walls of Jerusalem; Forentic River; Waldheim, Cradle Mountain. Available collecting date 13–26 Jan. 1923. Male: body length 16–17 mm; wing 16.5–17 mm. Female 23 mm long, generally similar to male but differing mainly by reduced wings which are narrow, short (4.5 mm), strap-like, dark brown with distorted venation; legs shorter and stouter (Alexander, 1928b; Dobrotworsky, 1974).</p> <p>Leptotarsus (Macromastix) fergusoni (Alexander, 1924) New South Wales: Blue Mountains. Australian Capital Territory: Blundell’s. Victoria: Melbourne, Heyfield, Croydon, Kinglake, Beaufort, Woodend.Available collecting date 17 Apr. 1922. Male body length 9 mm; wing 13 mm. Female subapterous; reduced wings strap-like, about 1 mm long and without venation; legs shorter than in male; abdomen extremely large; male wings of normal length (Alexander, 1924; Dobrotworsky, 1974).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8A74A2B26F86DFE69FCEBFDB7F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Theischinger, G.	Theischinger, G. (2015): Minipteryx robusta-a New Genus and Species of Micropterous Limnophilinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 67 (6): 201-206, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650
03D8A74A2B26F86CFC18FDEFFE2DFC97.text	03D8A74A2B26F86CFC18FDEFFE2DFC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limoniidae	<div><p>Limoniidae, Limnophilinae</p> <p>Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) boomerang Theischinger, 1993 New South Wales: New England National Park, 4500 ft (1372 m); New England National Park, rainforest; foot of Cathedral Rock; near Ebor. Collecting dates: 15 Oct. 1966; 4 Feb. 1968; 3 Jan. 1978; 20–21 Nov. 1990; March 1992. Wing length: male 8.1–9.8 mm, female 3.8–4.7 mm. This is the only species of Gynoplistia s. str. of which the female is known to be brachypterous (Theischinger, 1993).</p> <p>Gynoplistia (Xenolimnophila) zaluscodes (Alexander, 1922) Tasmania: Waratah, Hellyer Gorge, Mt Farrel. Collection date not available. Body length: male about 13.5 mm, female about 15.5–16 mm; wing length of both sexes 2 mm. The brachypterous condition (both sexes) is apparently diagnostic for this species within its genus and subgenus (Theischinger, 1993).</p> <p>Limnophila (Limnophila) brachyptera Alexander, 1931 New South Wales: Club Lake, Mount Kosciusko, 6000 ft (1829 m). Collecting date 28 Jan. 1930. Female length about 11 mm; wing about 1 mm. Male unknown (Alexander, 1931).</p> <p>Limnophila (Limnophila) subapterogyne Alexander, 1928 Tasmania: Hartz Mts. Collecting date 10 Dec. 1922. Female length about 4 mm; wing about 0.5 mm. Male unknown (Alexander, 1928a).</p> <p>Minipteryx robusta gen.nov., sp.nov.</p> <p>New South Wales: Kosciuszko National Park, Pipers Creek downstream Smiggin Holes, adjacent to Summit Road. Collecting date 6 May 2015. Male length about 14.5 mm; wing about 1.2 mm. Female unknown, but it is expected to be brachypterous and somewhat larger than the male. Subapterism in the genus Limnophila usually involves both sexes (Alexander, 1928).</p> <p>According toAlexander (1931) larvae of limnophiline genera are found in sandy, gravelly, or loamy soil, with some humus at margins of streams or ponds, rich organic earth or mud, as at margins of rills, streams, lakes, or other bodies of water, swamps or marshes; leaf-mould or drift at stream margins; wet spots or situations beneath leaf-mould in rich, moist to saturated humus soil in woods. Microhabitats similar to some of the above occur along the streams monitored by OEH in Kosciuszko National Park giving reason to hope that the continuation of this field work and future molecular studies may provide us with more information on the phylogenetic affinities and ecology of the new taxon.</p> <p>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The support by NSW NPWS is gratefully acknowledged. I wish to thank the members of the monitoring team of OEH (J. Miller, P. Scanes, A. Bransden, S. Jacobs and H. Peters) for their co-operation during the 2015 Autumn sampling, and M. Schroeder and A. Bransden for valuable habitat information. I am much indebted to A. Bransden and J. C. Martin (Australian Museum) for taking the photographs. D. Bickel (Australian Museum), J. Gelhaus (Philadelphia) and P. Oosterbroek (Amsterdam) and J. Miller and P. Scanes are thanked for helpful comments on the manuscript and for purposeful information.</p> <p>SUMMARY. In atrocious weather conditions in the morning of 6 May 2015 a rather large-bodied (c. 15 mm), almost completely black male crane fly with very tiny wings was accidentally collected during monitoring work of the NSW OEH on riffles of high altitude streams in Kosciuszko National Park. It is the first micropterous male crane fly recorded from mainland Australia. Based on overall and genitalic features it is regarded as belonging to the tipuloid family Limoniidae, subfamily Limnophilinae. Its various massive reductions of mouth parts, thorax and wings, modifications of the abdomen and its enigmatic genitalic characters do not allow definite assignment to any of the available genera or species. It is therefore described as a new genus and species, Minipteryx robusta gen. et sp.nov. Some aspects of microptery are discussed, and a survey is given recording details of all Australian crane fly species with micropterous specimens recorded.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8A74A2B26F86CFC18FDEFFE2DFC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Theischinger, G.	Theischinger, G. (2015): Minipteryx robusta-a New Genus and Species of Micropterous Limnophilinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 67 (6): 201-206, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.67.2015.1650
