taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D8034B977DFFDB7441FA1B67D0C77F.taxon	description	Figure 3.1, 3.2 Description. — Part and counterpart of gyne in dorsal view, head not preserved; body length (without head) 8.7 mm, estimated total body length about 10 mm, mesosoma length 3.3 mm; mesosoma width 1.4 mm, petiole length 1.37 mm, petiole width 1.05 mm. Mesosoma elongate, 2.3 times longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides. Legs comparatively short and thick. Middle tibia with two spurs; first and second segments of middle tarsus both with a pair of long setae. Petiole a little longer than wide, with short anterior peduncle, without free posterior surface, broadly attached to first gastral segment, separated from gaster only by constriction. Second gastral segment a little wider and about as long as first segment. Tip of gaster acute, indicating the probable presence of a sting. Wings fragmentary preserved; wing venation indistinct. Material. — Specimen OU 44898; gyne, dorsoventrally compressed, head not preserved; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977DFFDB7441FA1B67D0C77F.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977DFFDB7441FA1B67D0C77F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The assignment of the fossil as an amblyoponine ant is based on the construction of the petiole and the general habitus; two features that have been regarded traditionally as reliable for the subfamily Amblyoponinae (Brown, 1960). Genera of Malagasy Amblyoponinae were revised by Yoshimura and Fisher (2012), who reassigned species of Amblyopone sensu lato into Xymmer Santschi, 1914, Amblyopone Erichson, 1842 sensu stricto and Stigmatomma Roger, 1859, based on male morphological characters, which are not applicable to the gyne from Foulden Maar, as are morphological characters of workers (e. g. Brown, 1960; Taylor, 1987). Two extant members of Amblyoponinae are present in the New Zealand fauna: the endemic S. saundersi (Forel, 1892) and the introduced A. australis Erichson, 1842; only gynes of the latter species approach the size of the fossil. In the absence of morphological characters such as the structure of mandibles and wing venation, we assign the fossil to tribe Amblyoponini without placement into an extinct or extant genus. Published fossil Amblyoponinae include a winged male without generic placement from Foulden Maar (Kaulfuss et al., 2014 a), Casaleia inversa (Dlussky, 1981) (Kyrgyzstan, Middle Miocene), C. longiventris (Heer, 1849) (early Miocene, Croatia), Myopopone sinensis Zhang, 1989 (Shanwang, China, early Miocene) and, from the Eocene Messel pit in Germany Stigmatomma groehni (Dlussky, 2009), S. electrinum (Dlussky, 2009), and C. eocenica (Dlussky and Wedmann, 2012). Two of these species, C. eocenica and C. longiventris, were based on gynes, which can by readily distinguished from the gyne described here by a smaller body size and a much shorter and wider gaster (C. eocenica) and a wider petiole and first gastral segment, differing proportions of the gastral segments (in dorsal aspect) and a less pointed tip of the gaster (C. longiventris).	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	description	Figure 4.1 – 4.3	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Gyne: Body length about 6 mm; petiole 1.8 times longer than high, with short peduncle and low node, somewhat angulated in side view; forewing with closed cells 1 + 2 r, 3 r, rm and mcu; cross-vein cu-a meets M + Cu near cell mcu, proximal to section 1 M, at a distance less than cu-a length. May be distinguished from R. kirghizorum Dlussky, 1981 (Kyrgyzstan, Miocene) by body size (3.8 mm in R. kirghizorum) and form of the petiole (rounded in side view in R. kirghizorum).	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	description	Description. — Part and counterpart of winged gyne, partly preserved in lateral view; length of preserved compression 4.7 mm, estimated total body length about 6 mm. Outlines of head and mouth parts obscure, head apparently longer then wide; mandibles rather short and apparently triangulate. Scape 1.2 mm long, longer than head (in living ant extending more than one-third of its length beyond the posterior corners of the head), funicular joints longer than thick. Mesosoma elongate, 2.5 times longer than high (2.8 mm / 1.1 mm); dorsum of propodeum gradually rounded in lateral view. Legs rather long, tibial spur visible only on fore tibia. Pretarsal claws (visible on a fragment of middle leg) with median tooth. Petiole 1.9 times longer than high (0.77 mm / 0.41 mm), with short peduncle and low node, somewhat angulate in side view. Helcium projects from about mid-height of anterior face of first gastral segment; dorsum of first gastral tergite gradually rounded above the helcium. First gastral sternite anteriorly with sharp angle. Head, mesosoma and petiole with coarse sculpture, visible as rows of grooves along sutures (partially filled by sediment). Wing with veins and knots partly preserved. Cells 1 + 2 r, rm and mcu closed, cells 1 r and cua probably closed. Cell mcu pentagonal, but vein section 2 M very short. Cross-veins 2 r-rs and r-m meeting RS almost at one point; cross-vein cu-a close to cell mcu: vein section 2 M + Cu shorter than cu-a.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — The species name refers to the Waipiata Volcanic Field, New Zealand, where the fossil was found.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	materials_examined	Type. — Holotype OU 44899 (part and counterpart); a laterally compressed gyne; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977CFFDC75E4FDF864C0C0D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The distal position of the cross-vein cu-a is a character found in Myrmeciinae, Dorylinae and poneromorph subfamilies. The new species cannot belong to Myrmeciinae since they have longer mandibles (0.7 – 1.2 times as long as head). Dorylinae have wingless gynes (except most ants in the former subfamily Cerapachyinae) and differ in general wing venation. The poneromorph subfamily-group includes Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae and Proceratiinae. Paraponerinae include the sole genus Paraponera F. Smith, 1858, with one extant and one extinct species from the Neotropical Region. The new species differs from Paraponera in many habitual characters. In Amblyoponinae, the helcium projects from a very high position on the anterior face of abdominal segment III and in Ponerinae the helcium projects from a very low position on the anterior face of abdominal segment III, the latter with a high vertical anterior face above the helcium. Proceratiinae have an extremely large abdominal segment III. These characters are not found in the new species, which may therefore belong to Ectatomminae or Heteroponerinae. These subfamilies include the genera Ectatomma F. Smith, 1858; Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863; Rhytidoponera Mayr, 1862; Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862; Acanthoponera Mayr, 1862; Aulacopone Arnoldi, 1930; and Heteroponera Mayr, 1887. The new species can be excluded from Ectatomma, Typhlomyrmex, and Acanthoponera because these genera are only known from the Neotropical Region. The known species of Gnamptogenys, Aulacopone and Heteroponera differ from the new species in having rather short legs and scapes, a more compact mesosoma, and often an angulated propodeum. Only some Australian Rhytidoponera have relatively long legs and a long scape, elongated mesosoma, and a long propodeum with a gradually rounded dorsum. We therefore assign the new species to the genus Rhytidoponera, subfamily Ectatomminae. The only described extinct species of Rhytidoponera is R. kirghizorum Dlussky, 1981 reported from the Miocene of Chon-Tuz, Kotchkorka District, Kyrgyzstan. It differs from R. waipiata n. sp. by its smaller size (3.8 mm) and by the form of the petiole (rounded in side view).	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	description	Figure 5.1, 5.2	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — May be distinguished from gynes of R. waipiata n. sp. by the more robust mesosoma, shorter appendages, and the shape of the petiole with concave anterior and posterior and flat dorsal faces of petiole.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	description	Description. — Gyne in lateral view; total body length 11.6 mm, gaster enormously long (probably swollen due to water drift before burial). Head 1.75 mm long, 1.3 times longer than wide. Mesosoma 3.3 mm long, robust, less than twice as long as high. Dorsal and declivous sides of propodeum form rounded obtuse angle. Declivous side several times longer than dorsal side of propodeum. Legs rather short and thick. Petiole 1.1 times longer than high (1.12 mm / 1.03 mm), with concave anterior and posterior sides and flat dorsal side. Tip of gaster acute with short sting.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — The species name honors the Gibson family on whose property the Foulden Maar lagerstätte is located.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. — Holotype OU 44900; a laterally compressed gyne; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977BFFDD7438FA546764C58E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Although most key characters of Rhytidoponera are not preserved in the fossil, we assign the new species to this genus because its general habitus and particularly the distinctive petiole is very similar to some extant species of Rhytidoponera. Rhytidoponera gibsoni n. sp. differs from R. waipiata n. sp., described above, by the more robust mesosoma, shorter appendages, and by the shape of the petiole. Gynes of Gnamptogenys europaea (Mayr, 1868) in Baltic amber resemble R. gibsoni in the position of the helcium and by the robust mesosoma. However, their propodeum is distinctly angulated and the petiolar node is rounded in side view.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	description	Figure 6.1, 6.2	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Worker: A ponerine ant morphologically very similar to extant Austroponera, in particular A. castanea (Mayr, 1865) but may be distinguished from the latter by a more slender constitution and the slightly more posterior position of the eyes.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	description	Description. — Worker, laterally compressed, middle and hind legs and most parts of antennae absent. Body length 5.8 mm, body without coarse sculpture. Mesosoma length 1.7 mm, petiole length 0.47 mm, petiole height 0.55 mm. Head length including mandibles 1.2 mm (1.0 mm without mandibles). Eyes nearly round, small, situated laterally, at about mid-length of head. Gena twice as long as maximum diameter of eye. Scape protruding slightly beyond the occipital margin of head. Middle segments of funiculus about as long as thick. Promesonotal dorsum slightly convex in side view, without distinct promesonotal groove. Mesopleural suture absent. Metanotal groove distinct. Propodeum angular in side view, with slightly convex dorsum, rounded angle, and nearly straight declivity; propodeal declivity nearly as long as propodeal dorsum. Petiole nearly triangular in side view, 1.2 times higher than long, dorsal tip rounded. Mesosoma and petiole without specialized structures such as spines, teeth, tubercles, etc. Helcium projecting from a very low position on the anterior face of first gastral (III abdominal) segment, the latter having a high vertical anterior face above the helcium.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — In honor of Jörg W. Schneider, emeritus professor at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. — Holotype OU 44901; a laterally compressed worker; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDD75E6FEED617FC12C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The position of the helcium and the form of the first gastral segment undoubtedly indicate that this species belongs to the tribe Ponerini. Its habitus is very similar to Austroponera Schmidt and Shattuck, 2014, particularly to the New Zealand endemic A. castanea (Mayr, 1865) (formerly Pachycondyla castanea) (Brown, 1958 a, fig. 1; Schmidt and Shattuck, 2014, fig. 41). We therefore attribute the new species to Austroponera, although key characters of the genus (features of the clypeal margin and the mandibles, shape of the propodeal spiracle, etc.) are not discernable in the fossil. The new fossil species differs from A. castanea by a more slender constitution and the slightly more posterior position of the eyes. No other fossil species of Austroponera are known.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	description	Figure 7.1 – 7.3	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Male: waist with one segment (petiole). Antennae 13 - segmented, geniculate, scape long, protrudes beyond the occipital margin of the head, all funicular segments longer than thick. Propodeum gradually rounded in side view. Forewing with closed cells 1 + 2 r, 3 r and mcu; closed cell rm absent. Vein sections 5 RS and 4 M with joint start (rs-m lost); cross-vein cu-a displaced to the base of wing.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	description	Description. — Part and counterpart of laterally compressed male. Body length about 6 mm, mesosoma length 2.2 mm, head length about 0.75 mm, head width about 0.85 mm. Head rounded, a little wider than long, mandibles presumably long, more than one-third of head length (outline of mandibles not visible). Antennae 13 - segmented, geniculate, scape long, protrudes beyond the occipital margin of the head, all funicular segments longer than thick. Scutum overhangs pronotum. Propodeum gradually rounded in side view. Petiole indistinct. Genital parameres nearly as long as wide, with rounded tip. Forewing 4.8 mm long, with closed cells 1 + 2 r, 3 r and mcu; closed rm absent. Pterostigma well developed. Vein sections 5 RS and 4 M with jointed start (rs-m lost). Cell 3 r 4 times longer than wide. Cell 1 + 2 r nearly three times longer than wide. Cell mcu trapezoid (RS + M appreciably shorter than 1 Cu). Vein 1 RS shorter than 1 M. Cross-vein cu-a displaced to the base of wing; vein section 2 M + Cu longer than 1 Cu and three times as long as cu-a.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — Novaeseelandiae refers to New Zealand, where this species was once native.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. — Holotype OU 44569 (part and counterpart); a laterally compressed winged male; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B977AFFDE7664FB2C61EFC2D3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The wing venation of the new species is usual among genera of Formicinae. Some members of Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae have a similar venation, but male representatives of these subfamilies possess antennae with a short scape. The six extant formicine species known from New Zealand are the endemics Prolasius advenus (F. Smith, 1862) and Camponotus (Colobopsis) newsealanicus Donisthorpe, 1940 and the introduced Anoplolepis gracilipes (F. Smith, 1857) and three species of Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863 (Brown, 1958 a; Taylor, 1987; Don, 2007). All species of these genera have forewings without a closed cell mcu, so the new species cannot belong to these taxa. Native species of the following 18 formicine genera are known in the extant Australasian fauna: Calomyrmex Emery, 1895 a; Camponotus Mayr, 1861; Echinopla F. Smith, 1857; Opisthopsis Dalla Torre, 1893; Polyrhachis F. Smith, 1857 (tribe Camponotini Forel); Acropyga Roger, 1862; Prolasius Forel, 1892; Stigmacros Forel, 1905; Teratomyrmex McAreavey, 1957 (Lasiini Ashmead); Melophorus Lubbock, 1883 (Melophorini Forel); Myrmecorhynchus Andrè, 1896; Notoncus Emery, 1895 b; Pseudonotoncus Clark, 1934 b (Myrmecorhynchini Wheeler); Notostigma Emery, 1920 (Notostigmatini Bolton); Oecophylla F. Smith, 1860 (Oecophyllini Emery); Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863; Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861; and Pseudolasius Emery, 1887 (Plagiolepidini Forel) (Taylor, 1987). Winged Teratomyrmex and Pseudonotoncus are not known. Amongst the remaining genera, the cell mcu is present only in Opisthopsis, Myrmecorhynchus and Notoncus, while wings of representatives of other genera are lacking this cell (Emery, 1925). In Opisthopsis, the cell mcu is either triangulate (O. haddoni Emery, 1893, O. major Forel, 1902) or absent (male of O. respiciens moestus Wheeler, 1918). In Notoncus, the cell mcu is present in gynes but absent in males. Only in Myrmecorhynchus both gynes and males have a trapezoid cell mcu (Clark, 1934 a). Similar wing venations occur in Formicini Latreille (Formica Linnaeus, 1758; Cataglyphis Förster, 1850, etc.) and some Lasiini (Lasius Fabricius, 1804; Acanthomyops Mayr, 1862; Myrmecocystus Wesmael, 1838). However, all representatives of these genera inhabit the Northern Hemisphere, and there are no reasons to suppose that they were present in the Australasian region in the early Miocene. Similar wing venations are also present in Gesomyrmex Mayr, 1868 and Drymomyrmex Wheeler, 1915. The native range of extant Gesomyrmex extends from the highlands of southern Borneo north into western India. In the Eocene, they also lived on the territory of modern Europe (Dlussky et al., 2009). Drymomyrmex is known exclusively from late Eocene Baltic amber (Wheeler, 1915). The new species can be excluded from these genera because of the following differences: males of Gesomyrmex have much larger eyes and very short 8 – 11 segmented antennae. Only the gynes of Drymomyrmex are known and they possess 11 - segmented antennae. Usually, in all known ants whose females have less than 12 antenna segments, males have less than 13 segments. We therefore consider the new species as a member of the genus Myrmecorhynchus. An additional argument in favor of Myrmecorhynchus is the similar length of mandibles in the new species, whereas males of the majority of other ants exhibit shorter mandibles.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFDF744AFF5D6747C147.taxon	description	Figure 8.1, 8.2 Description. — Forewing, visible length 3.7 mm. Closed cells 1 + 2 r, 3 r and mcu; closed rm absent. Pterostigma well developed. Vein sections 5 RS and 4 M with separate start (rs-m present). Cell 3 r 3.8 times longer than wide. Cell 1 + 2 r nearly 2.5 times as long as wide. Cell mcu trapezoid (RS + M appreciably shorter than 1 Cu). Vein section 1 RS nearly as long as 1 M. Cross-vein cu-a displaced to the base of wing: vein section 2 M + Cu a little longer than 1 Cu, and 2.2 times as long as cu-a.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFDF744AFF5D6747C147.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Specimen OU 44903; a partly preserved forewing; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFDF744AFF5D6747C147.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFDF744AFF5D6747C147.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The cross-vein cu-a displaced to the base of the forewing is a character found in Formicinae, Dolichoderinae, and Myrmicinae (Dlussky, 1981). However, in Formicinae the vein sections 5 RS and 4 M initiate jointed (cross-vein rs-m absent) and most Myrmicinae possess an open cell 3 r. Thus, the fossil wing could belong to a representative of Dolichoderinae. It is very similar to forewings of the extant Tapinoma ambiguum Emery, 1925, but as all species of the Tapinoma erraticum group, including T. ambiguum, inhabit the Palearctic Region, this similarity is likely to represent convergence.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFD07454FBCE647BC400.taxon	description	Figure 9.1 – 9.3 Description. — Forewing, partly preserved in two fragments. Pterostigma well developed. Cells 1 + 2 r, 3 r, rm and mcu closed. Cell 3 r 4.4 times longer than wide. Cross-vein rs-m more distal than r-rs, so cell rm pentagonal. Cell mcu pentagonal, 1.8 times longer than wide. Section 2 M + Cu nearly as long as cross-vein cu-a.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFD07454FBCE647BC400.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Specimen OU 44904; a partly preserved forewing; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFD07454FBCE647BC400.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9778FFD07454FBCE647BC400.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The position of cross-vein cu-a in this wing is typical for members of the poneromorph subfamilies. The only fossil poneromorph ant with preserved wing venation from New Zealand is Rhytidoponera waipiata, described above. The described wing cannot belong to R. waipiata since wings of this species have a shorter cell rm (this character is not quite authentic since the cell rm was reconstructed in both specimens) and cross-veins r-rs and rs-m starting from RS at the same point while in Formicidae species B rs-m initiates distinctly more distally than r-rs.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9777FFD07470FE0F67B6C11C.taxon	description	Figure 10.1, 10.2 Description. — Forewing, 7.7 mm long, with closed cells 1 + 2 r, 3 r and mcu; closed rm absent. Pterostigma well developed. Vein sections 5 RS and 4 M with joint start (rs-m lost). Cell 3 r 3.3 times longer than wide. Cell 1 + 2 r nearly 2.6 times longer than wide. Cell mcu trapezoid (RS + M appreciably shorter than 1 Cu). Vein 1 RS nearly as long as 1 M. Cross-vein cu-a displaced to the base of wing: vein section 2 M + Cu a little shorter than 1 Cu and nearly twice as long as cu-a.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9777FFD07470FE0F67B6C11C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Specimen OU 44902; an isolated forewing; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9777FFD07470FE0F67B6C11C.taxon	distribution	Occurrence. — Foulden Maar diatomite, Waipiata Volcanic Field, Otago, New Zealand; early Miocene.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
03D8034B9777FFD07470FE0F67B6C11C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The wing venation of the fossil is usual in the subfamily Formicinae. The wing differs from those of Myrmecorhynchus novaeseelandiae n. sp., described above, by its larger size, the proportions of cells 1 + 2 r and 3 r, and the comparatively short vein section 2 M + Cu. The two native genera of extant Formicinae in New Zealand, Camponotus and Prolasius, both have forewings without a closed cell mcu.	en	Uwe Kaulfuss, Gennady M. Dlussky (2015): Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae,? Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance. Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1043-1055, DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2015.62
