identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D98791FFDC2217FF55FEAFFC7182B9.text	03D98791FFDC2217FF55FEAFFC7182B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megascops stangiae Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo 2021	<div><p>Megascops stangiae, sp. nov.</p><p>Xingu Screech-Owl</p><p>corujinha-do-xingu (Portuguese)</p><p>Otus watsonii usta (Sclater, 1858): Marks et al. (1999); Weick (2006; part: specimens between lower Tapajós and lower Tocantins rivers).</p><p>Megascops usta (Sclater, 1858): König et al. (1999); König &amp; Weick (2008; part: specimens between lower Tapajós and lower Tocantins rivers).</p><p>Megascops watsonii usta (Sclater, 1858): Dickinson &amp; Remsen (2013); Clements et al. (2019); Gill et al. (2020; part: specimens between lower Tapajós and lower Tocantins rivers).</p><p>Corresponding to Clade C recognized in this study, M. stangiae is endemic to Brazil and distributed along the lower parts of the Tapajos-Xingu and Xingu-Tocantins interfluves, and may not cross the Araguaia River . The southern limits of this taxon are unclear, but extend at least as far as the Serra dos Carajás (01º44’S, 51º27”W).</p><p>Holotype: MPEG 70627 Skin. A male collected on 4 August 2010 at Serra dos Carajás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.498585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7701387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.498585/lat -5.7701387)">Parauapebas</a>, Pará State, Brazil (05º46’12.5”S; 50º29’54.9”W), and deposited at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi.</p><p>Paratypes: MZUSP 93276, unsexed, collected on 1 July 2010 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.2706&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.182511" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.2706/lat -2.182511)">Porto de Moz</a>, Pará, Brazil (2°10’57,04”S; 52°16’14,16”W) ; MZUSP 83558, female, 110 g, collected on 12 December 2008 at Porto de Moz; MPEG 53840, female, smooth ovary 3x 1 mm, 125g, collected on 21 August 1997 at the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.930035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0955443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.930035/lat -3.0955443)">Floresta Nacional do Tapajós</a>, Belterra, Pará (3°05’43.96”S, 54°55’48.12”W) ; MPEG 70684, male, testes 15x 10 mm, 130 g, brown iris, collected on 14 September 2010 at Floresta Nacional do Tapajós; MPEG 70678, male, testes 15x 10 mm, brown iris, 125 g, collected on 13 September 2010 at Floresta Nacional do Tapajós; MZUSP 64307, female, widest ovum 2 mm, 141 g, amber iris, collected on 26 September 1986 in the municipality of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.366665/lat -3.65)">Altamira</a>, Pará, Brazil (03°39’S, 52°22’ W) ; MPEG 65676, male, testes 10x 5 mm, 130 g, brown iris, collected on 24 July 2008 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.151367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.579353" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.151367/lat -6.579353)">Floresta Nacional do Crepori</a>, Jacareacanga, Pará, Brazil (6°34’45.67”S, 57° 9’4.91”W) ; and MPEG 70846, male, brown iris, collected on 9 March 2010 in the district of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.955452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.297511" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.955452/lat -4.297511)">Miritituba</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.955452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.297511" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.955452/lat -4.297511)">Itaituba</a>, Pará, on the right (east) bank of the Tapajós River (4°17’51.04”S; 55°57’19.63”W) .</p><p>Description of the holotype: A brown morph of the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex with Light brown upperparts (121D; Smithe 1975) and a Dark brown cap (219; Smithe 1975). Chest speckled with Dark brown (219) fishbone-shaped stripes in a light brown background, and belly Tawny-olive (223D; Smithe 1975) with a few dark brown fishbone-shaped stripes. Yellowish-brown underwing and tarsi coverts. Tail light Brown (119; Smithe 1975). Iris orange, bill lead-colored, tarsi whitish. Measurements: Wing length 168 mm; tail length 90.3 mm; tarsus length 29.1 mm; bill length at anterior end of nostrils 14.9 mm; bill width 8.5 mm; bill height 11.4 mm; body mass 140 g.</p><p>Variation in the type series: The type series is highly variable in overall color, as well as in the amount and shape of ventral stripes. It includes brown, red, and red-brown morphs, and some dark individuals are similar to dark morph Clade D birds (e.g. MPEG 70647; see below). Red morphs tend to have less stripes on underparts, and these may not look “fishbone-shaped”. Black on the crown can be reduced to spots or longitudinal stripes in red morphs .</p><p>Diagnosis: As Clade C birds, uniquely distinguished from all other lineages and taxa in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex by six fixed (unvariable) synapomorphic (shared-derived) mutations (five transitions and one transversion) in sequences of the mitochondrial genes COI (positions 891, 948, 963, and 990 in the supplied alignment; Supplementary file 1) and cytb (positions 258 and 669 in the supplied alignment; Supplementary file 2). From a phenotypic perspective, no reliable morphological diagnosis exists with respect to other species in the complex, particularly among the Amazonian ones. Similarly, no single vocal character distinguishes M. stangiae from all other taxa in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex, although pairwise diagnosability tests supported reciprocal vocal diagnoses with respect to most taxa, except clades D ( Megascops ater, see below) and E ( Megascops sp. nov., see below), as follows. Megascops stangiae is vocally distinguishable from M. atricapilla (Clade F, see below) and M. usta (Clade B, see below) by longsong pace (7.25±0.89 notes per second vs. 13.11±0.9 notes per second and 4.66±2.0 notes per second) and from M. watsonii (Clade A, see below) and M. atricapilla by shortsong pace (4.70±0.30 vs. 7.97±0.43 and 8.87±1.11 notes per second). No recording was obtained for the M. stangiae holotype, but longsong and shortsong recording from the same locality are available in xeno-canto under the numbers XC 22514 (longsong), obtained on 13 August 2008, and XC 26115 (shortsong), obtained on 30 November 2008, both by S.M. Dantas. Longsongs consist of monotonous sequences of equally spaced notes delivered during a variable period of time, gradually rising in volume until frequency stabilizes, becoming lower towards the end (Fig. 8c). Shortsongs are monotonous sequences of short notes, with upslurred (inverted U or V shaped) notes towards the end, with two parts, a slower-paced and a faster-paced that gradually slows down towards the end (Figure 11c).</p><p>Etymology: We name this species in honor of the late Sister Dorothy Mae Stang (1931‒2005), who had worked on behalf of poor farmers and the environment in the Brazilian Amazon region since the 1960s until she was brutally murdered by ranchers in Anapú, Pará State. The common names Xingu Screech Owl (English) and Corujinha do Xingu (Portuguese) refer to the area where the species is found, between the Tapajós and Xingu rivers, where Dorothy was very active as a community leader and ultimately was killed.</p><p>Habitat: The new species inhabits terra firme, igapó or várzea forests, from sea level to about 700 m (Serra dos Carajás). Apparently more common near the edge of the forest, and usually the most abundant nocturnal forest bird where it occurs. It perches from undergrowth to near canopy, and roosts by day inside holes or frequently inside bundles of dead leaves in the undergrowth (SMD, pers. obs.).</p><p>Remarks: Average uncorrected pairwise p-distances between M. stangiae and the remaining species in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex were as follows: 6.4% ( M. watsonii); 3.2 % ( M. usta); 2.1% ( M. ater); 2.3 % ( Megascops . sp. nov., see below); and 2.4% ( M. atricapilla).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDC2217FF55FEAFFC7182B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dantas, Sidnei M.;Weckstein, Jason D.;Bates, John;Oliveira, Joiciane N.;Catanach, Therese A.;Aleixo, Alexandre	Dantas, Sidnei M., Weckstein, Jason D., Bates, John, Oliveira, Joiciane N., Catanach, Therese A., Aleixo, Alexandre (2021): Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae). Zootaxa 4949 (3): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1
03D98791FFDD2214FF55FC37FBEE82F1.text	03D98791FFDD2214FF55FC37FBEE82F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megascops alagoensis Dantas & Weckstein & Bates & Oliveira & Catanach & Aleixo 2021	<div><p>Megascops alagoensis, sp. nov.</p><p>Alagoas Screech-Owl</p><p>corujinha-de-alagoas (Portuguese)</p><p>Megascops atricapilla (Temminck, 1822): Roda &amp; Pereira (2006).</p><p>Corresponding to specimens in Clade E, M. alagoensis is restricted to isolated forest patches in the Atlantic Forest north of the São Francisco River, in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, Brazil .</p><p>Holotype: MZUSP 79947. An unsexed individual, yellow iris, gray bill and feet, collected at Engenho Coimbra, Ibateguara, Alagoas State, Brazil (9ºS, 35º31’W) on 30 February 2003, and deposited at the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).</p><p>Paratypes: All collected at the same locality as the holotype . MZUSP 79948, a male collected on 17 May 2004, 101 g; MPEG 70437, male, collected on 7 June 2010, testes 6x 6 mm, yellow eyes, greenish bill and feet, 105 g; MPEG 70438, male, collected on 10 June 2010, brown eyes, green bill, greyish-pink feet, 95 g .</p><p>Description of the holotype: A red morph, with a general red color of upperparts with darker longitudinal stripes across the back. Cap Red (37; Smithe 1975) with dark stripes, and a light brownish half-collar surrounding it. Chest reddish with dark red longitudinal and thin stripes, not forming a fishbone shape. Belly yellowish with dark brown longitudinal stripes with some horizontal stripes crossing them. Some whitish or white spots between the ventral horizontal stripes. Uppertail tawny brown with lighter cross-stripes, undertail gray with faint barring. Yellow iris, gray tarsi and bill. Measurements: Wing length 164.7 mm; tail length 72.3 mm; tarsus length 23.4 mm; bill length at anterior end of nostrils 13.4 mm; bill width 7.1 mm; bill height 11.2 mm.</p><p>Diagnosis: As Clade E birds, uniquely distinguished from all other taxa in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex by eight fixed (invariable) synapomorphic (shared-derived) mutations (all transitions) in sequences of the mitochondrial genes ND2 (positions 234, 366, 508, and 571 in the supplied alignment; Supplementary file 3), COI (position 1047 in the supplied alignment; Supplementary file 1), and cytb (positions 462, 786 and 987 in the supplied alignment; Supplementary file 2). From a phenotypic perspective, no reliable morphological diagnosis exists with respect to other species in the complex. Vocally, no single character distinguishes M. alagoensis from all other taxa in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex, although pairwise diagnosability tests supported reciprocal diagnoses in longsong pace with respect to M. usta (10.62±0.1 vs. 4.66±2.0 notes/sec) and its sister species, M. atricapilla (10.62±0.1 vs. 13.11±0.9 notes/sec).</p><p>Longsong as in other taxa of the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex, consisting of sequences of equally spaced notes delivered during variable periods of time, which gradually rise in volume until frequency stabilizes, lowering towards the end (Fig. 8e).</p><p>Variation in the type series: Red and brown morphs are found in the species. Three of the four individuals examined were red morphs and one was brown with a reddish wash on the chest. Two of the red morphs (MZUSP 79947 and MPEG 70437) had yellow irides and the brown one (MPEG 70438) had brown irides. This pattern also holds for M. atricapilla in which red morphs in general have a yellow iris, but there are also brown-eyed M. atricapilla red morphs known.</p><p>Etymology: We name the species after the Brazilian state of Alagoas, where it was recorded for the first time in February 2001 by Curtis A. Marantz (original tape recording available from the Macaulay Library under ML 127829: see Appendix) and where most of the known population remains (Roda &amp; Pereira 2006). The common names Alagoas Screech Owl (English) and Corujinha-de-Alagoas (Portuguese) also refer to that location.</p><p>Habitat: Atlantic Forest patches in Alagoas and in southern Pernambuco states in Eastern Brazil. This taxon is known from only four localities in Alagoas and one in Pernambuco (Roda &amp; Pereira 2006; Malacco 2013). It perches from undergrowth to canopy. Given the extensive forest fragmentation in the region, the species should be considered critically endangered, along with numerous other localized forest bird species found there (Roda &amp; Pereira 2006; Pereira et al. 2014).</p><p>Remarks: Average uncorrected pairwise mtDNA p-distances between M. alagoensis and the remaining species in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex were as follows: 6.6% ( M. watsonii); 3.2 % ( M. usta); 2.3% ( M. stangiae); 2.3 % ( M. ater); and 1.5% ( M. atricapilla).</p><p>In addition to the new taxa described above, we also recommend the treatment of the other lineages of the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii identified herein as species-level taxa, as follows:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDD2214FF55FC37FBEE82F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dantas, Sidnei M.;Weckstein, Jason D.;Bates, John;Oliveira, Joiciane N.;Catanach, Therese A.;Aleixo, Alexandre	Dantas, Sidnei M., Weckstein, Jason D., Bates, John, Oliveira, Joiciane N., Catanach, Therese A., Aleixo, Alexandre (2021): Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae). Zootaxa 4949 (3): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1
03D98791FFDE2215FF55FBFFFAAC8025.text	03D98791FFDE2215FF55FBFFFAAC8025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megascops watsonii (Cassin 1848)	<div><p>Megascops watsonii (Cassin, 1848)</p><p>Guianan Screech-Owl</p><p>corujinha-das-guianas (Portuguese)</p><p>Ephialtes watsonii Cassin, 1848 (lectotypes at ANSP examined)</p><p>Otus watsonii (Cassin, 1848): Cory (1918; part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana).</p><p>Otus watsonii watsonii (Cassin, 1848): Chapman (1928); Peters (1940); Marks et al. (1999); Weick (2006): 84 (part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana).</p><p>Megascops watsonii (Cassin, 1848): König et al. (1999); König &amp; Weick (2008; part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana).</p><p>Megascops watsonii watsonii (Cassin, 1848): Dickinson &amp; Remsen (2013); Clements et al. (2019); Gill et al. (2020) (part: specimens east of the Negro and Amazon rivers including southern Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana).</p><p>The type locality of this taxon is defined as “Orinoco River, Venezuela ” (Chapman 1928) and it corresponds to Clade A recovered herein as the lineage of the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex restricted to the Guiana Shield, east of the Branco and Negro rivers, in Brazil, through Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and Surinam. As reported above, sequences obtained from one of the lectotypes of M. watsonii (ANSP 2445) confidently placed it within Clade A (Fig. 5). Statistical support for the reciprocal monophyly and significant coalescence of M. watsonii with respect to the other species in the complex was high in all analyses (Figs. 3 and 4). Average corrected pairwise p-distances between M. watsonii and the remaining species in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex were as follows: 6.7% ( M. usta); 6.4 % ( M. stangiae); 6.7% ( M. ater); 6.6 % ( M. alagoensis); and 7.1% ( M. atricapilla).</p><p>Dark morphs of this species tend to be darker than individuals from other species in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex, except for M. ater (see below), from which it differs mainly in back color. In some individuals of M. watsonii (e. g. MPEG 66635), the back is black. The darker individuals also tend to have wider and bolder underparts striping than in other species of the complex, which distinguishes them from M. ater dark morphs. However, as is usual within this genus, the tremendous individual variation in M. watsonii makes any generalization about diagnostic morphological characters impossible.</p><p>Longsong distinguishable from slower-paced longsongs of M. stangiae and M. usta and faster paced longsongs of M. atricapilla (Fig. 9: Tables 6 and 10). Shortsong faster-paced than in M. usta and M. stangiae (Table 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDE2215FF55FBFFFAAC8025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dantas, Sidnei M.;Weckstein, Jason D.;Bates, John;Oliveira, Joiciane N.;Catanach, Therese A.;Aleixo, Alexandre	Dantas, Sidnei M., Weckstein, Jason D., Bates, John, Oliveira, Joiciane N., Catanach, Therese A., Aleixo, Alexandre (2021): Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae). Zootaxa 4949 (3): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1
03D98791FFDF2215FF55FA54FC7F86C2.text	03D98791FFDF2215FF55FA54FC7F86C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megascops ater (Hekstra 1982)	<div><p>Megascops ater (Hekstra, 1982)</p><p>Belém Screech-Owl</p><p>corujinha-de-belém (Portuguese)</p><p>Otus atricapillus ater Hekstra, 1982: Browning (1989); holotype at USNM examined .</p><p>Megascops watsonii watsonii (Cassin, 1848): Dickinson &amp; Remsen (2013).</p><p>This taxon name (type locality Belém, Pará, Brazil) corresponds to Clade D identified herein, being restricted to the Belém AOE, east from the Tocantins River to Maranhão, Brazil. Statistical support for reciprocal monophyly and significant degree of coalescence of M. ater with respect to the other species in the complex was high in all analyses. Average uncorrected pairwise p-distances between M. ater and the other sampled lineages ranges from 2.1% ( M. stangiae) to 6.7% ( M. watsonii). Morphologically highly variable, with brown and dark morphs predominant. Dark morphs in M. ater similar to M. watsonii dark morphs, but with narrower ventral stripes. Vocally not safely distinguishable from any of the other species in the complex recognized herein. The proposed common name is a reference to the Area of Endemism in which this species is endemic. The Belém AOE is the most deforested sector of the entire Amazon (Silva et al. 2005), with deforestation still ongoing. Therefore, the conservation status of M. ater must be urgently evaluated, as it could already be endangered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDF2215FF55FA54FC7F86C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dantas, Sidnei M.;Weckstein, Jason D.;Bates, John;Oliveira, Joiciane N.;Catanach, Therese A.;Aleixo, Alexandre	Dantas, Sidnei M., Weckstein, Jason D., Bates, John, Oliveira, Joiciane N., Catanach, Therese A., Aleixo, Alexandre (2021): Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae). Zootaxa 4949 (3): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1
03D98791FFDF2215FF55FE83FBC08466.text	03D98791FFDF2215FF55FE83FBC08466.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megascops usta (Sclater 1858)	<div><p>Megascops usta (Sclater, 1858)</p><p>Variable Screech-Owl</p><p>corujinha-relógio (Portuguese)</p><p>Scops usta Sclater, 1858 (type not examined).</p><p>Pisorhina watsonii (Cassin, 1848): Hellmayr (1907).</p><p>Otus watsonii (Cassin, 1848): Hellmayr (1910).</p><p>Pisorhina usta (Sclater, 1858): Snethlage (1914).</p><p>Otus watsonii usta (Sclater, 1858): Chapman (1928); Peters (1940); Hekstra (1982); Marks et al. 1999; Weick (2006; part: specimens in southernmost Venezuela and Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil between the western banks of the Negro and the lower Tapajós and upper Xingu rivers).</p><p>Otus atricapillus morelius Hekstra, 1982: Browning (1989); holotype at AMNH examined .</p><p>Otus atricapillus inambarii Hekstra, 1982: Browning (1989); holotype at FMNH examined .</p><p>Otus atricapillus fulvescens Hekstra, 1982: Browning (1989); holotype at AMNH examined .</p><p>Megascops usta (Sclater, 1858): König et al. (1999); König &amp; Weick (2008; part: specimens in southernmost Venezuela and Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil between the western banks of the Negro and the lower Tapajós and upper Xingu rivers).</p><p>Megascops watsonii usta (Sclater, 1858): Dickinson &amp; Remsen (2013); Clements et al. (2019); Gill et al. (2020; part: populations in southernmost Venezuela and Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil between the western banks of the Negro and the lower Tapajós and upper Xingu rivers).</p><p>With type locality referred as Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil (Sclater, 1858), and corresponding to specimens in Clade B, M. usta is distributed over a wide geographic area in Amazonia, ranging from west of the Branco-Negro rivers throughout the Imerí, Napo, Inambari, Madeira and upper stretches of the Tapajos and Xingu AOEs. Strong statistical support for reciprocal monophyly, high degree of coalescence, and high uncorrected pairwise p-distances ranging from 2.1% ( M. ater) to 6.4% ( M. watsonii) differentiates this taxon from others in the Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii complex. Morphologically variable with multiple morphs, mainly brown or red, but also gray, and not safely distinguishable solely based on morphology from the other species in the complex. There is geographical variation in the frequency of different morphs among populations. Apparently does not include morphs as dark in color as those found in M. watsonii and M. ater . Vocally distinct from M. watsonii, M. stangiae and M. atricapilla by on average slower-paced longsongs and shortsongs (Fig. 9; Tables 6, 8, and 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFDF2215FF55FE83FBC08466	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dantas, Sidnei M.;Weckstein, Jason D.;Bates, John;Oliveira, Joiciane N.;Catanach, Therese A.;Aleixo, Alexandre	Dantas, Sidnei M., Weckstein, Jason D., Bates, John, Oliveira, Joiciane N., Catanach, Therese A., Aleixo, Alexandre (2021): Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae). Zootaxa 4949 (3): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1
03D98791FFD82212FF55FF73FDD18270.text	03D98791FFD82212FF55FF73FDD18270.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megascops atricapilla (Temminck 1822)	<div><p>Megascops atricapilla (Temminck 1822)</p><p>Black-capped Screech-Owl</p><p>corujinha-sapo (Portuguese)</p><p>Strix atricapillus Temminck, 1822 (type not examined).</p><p>Otus atricapillus (Temminck, 1822): Cory (1918); Peters (1940); Marks et al. (1999); Weick (2006).</p><p>Megascops atricapillus (Temminck, 1822): König et al. (1999); König &amp; Weick 2008.</p><p>The type locality is referred to simply as “ Brazil ” (Hoek Ostende et al. 1997). This taxon corresponds to Clade F recovered herein, which is distributed in the Atlantic Forest from coastal Bahia, southern Goiás, southeastern Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, and Santa Catarina through northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay. Strong statistical support for reciprocal monophyly and significant degree of coalescence with respect to all other species in the complex, and high average pairwise uncorrected mtDNA p-distances ranging from 1.5% ( M. alagoensis) to 6.7% ( M. watsonii). Morphologically as variable as the other species in the group, with a cline in body size from north to south, with southernmost individuals being heavier than northern ones, and a north-to-south cline in longsong pace, with southern individuals possessing faster longsongs than northern ones (Fig. 9). Despite this variation, vocally diagnosable from M. usta, M. stangiae and M. alagoensis by significantly faster longsong and shortsong paces (Fig. 9: Tables 6, 8, and 10). Interestingly, the fastest-paced southernmost populations of M. atricapilla are sympatric with Megascops sanctaecatarinae, whose longsong is slower-paced, suggesting another instance of character displacement (See Herzog et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98791FFD82212FF55FF73FDD18270	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dantas, Sidnei M.;Weckstein, Jason D.;Bates, John;Oliveira, Joiciane N.;Catanach, Therese A.;Aleixo, Alexandre	Dantas, Sidnei M., Weckstein, Jason D., Bates, John, Oliveira, Joiciane N., Catanach, Therese A., Aleixo, Alexandre (2021): Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, and biogeography of the Blackcapped / Tawny-bellied Screech Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) complex (Aves: Strigidae). Zootaxa 4949 (3): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1
