taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039325	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039327/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039327	Fig. 5. Female terminalia of two species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1832 (MIZPAN). Abbreviations: an = anus; bp = baculus of paraproct; c4 = coxite 4; gt = genital tubes; p = paraproct.	Fig. 5. Female terminalia of two species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1832 (MIZPAN). Abbreviations: an = anus; bp = baculus of paraproct; c4 = coxite 4; gt = genital tubes; p = paraproct.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039331/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039331	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039333	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039335	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A1CFFBAFDCAFB89D46FBCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039337/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039337	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039313/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039313	Fig. 1. Convergent morphology of Passalidae Leach, 1815, and Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Passalidae Leach, 1815 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN).	Fig. 1. Convergent morphology of Passalidae Leach, 1815, and Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Passalidae Leach, 1815 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039325	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039327/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039327	Fig. 5. Female terminalia of two species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1832 (MIZPAN). Abbreviations: an = anus; bp = baculus of paraproct; c4 = coxite 4; gt = genital tubes; p = paraproct.	Fig. 5. Female terminalia of two species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1832 (MIZPAN). Abbreviations: an = anus; bp = baculus of paraproct; c4 = coxite 4; gt = genital tubes; p = paraproct.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039333	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039335	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A13FFBEFDFBFECDD09FB949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039341/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039341	Fig. 11. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 11. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039325	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039327/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039327	Fig. 5. Female terminalia of two species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1832 (MIZPAN). Abbreviations: an = anus; bp = baculus of paraproct; c4 = coxite 4; gt = genital tubes; p = paraproct.	Fig. 5. Female terminalia of two species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (MIZPAN). B. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1832 (MIZPAN). Abbreviations: an = anus; bp = baculus of paraproct; c4 = coxite 4; gt = genital tubes; p = paraproct.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039331/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039331	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039333	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A11FFA1FDCBF998D533BD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039343/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039343	Fig. 12. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 12. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0EFFA2FDECFD80D3DDB9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0EFFA2FDECFD80D3DDB9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039325	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0EFFA2FDECFD80D3DDB9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0EFFA2FDECFD80D3DDB9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039337/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039337	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0EFFA2FDECFD80D3DDB9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039349/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039349	Fig. 13. Phrenapates educator Gebien 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 13. Phrenapates educator Gebien 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0EFFA2FDECFD80D3DDB9EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039451/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039451	Fig. 14. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 14. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0DFFA4FE1DF933D5B4B972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0DFFA4FE1DF933D5B4B972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0DFFA4FE1DF933D5B4B972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0DFFA4FE1DF933D5B4B972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039337/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039337	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0DFFA4FE1DF933D5B4B972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039451/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039451	Fig. 14. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 14. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0BFFA6FE40F9A4D0EABA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0BFFA6FE40F9A4D0EABA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0BFFA6FE40F9A4D0EABA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0BFFA6FE40F9A4D0EABA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039331/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039331	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A0BFFA6FE40F9A4D0EABA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039351/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039351	Fig. 15. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 15. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A09FFA8FDAFFA87D349BD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A09FFA8FDAFFA87D349BD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A09FFA8FDAFFA87D349BD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A09FFA8FDAFFA87D349BD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039331/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039331	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A09FFA8FDAFFA87D349BD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039333	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A09FFA8FDAFFA87D349BD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039353/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039353	Fig. 16. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	Fig. 16. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC), dorsal (top) and lateral (bottom) views.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039325	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039331/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039331	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	Fig. 7. Distribution of the Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., and Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039335	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A07FFAAFD9AFD6FD535BCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039355/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039355	Fig. 17. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire 1859, lectotype, ♂ (MNHN), lateral view (top), ventral view (middle), and dorsal view (bottom).	Fig. 17. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire 1859, lectotype, ♂ (MNHN), lateral view (top), ventral view (middle), and dorsal view (bottom).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039319	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	Fig. 2. Different menta morphologies of the species of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23170, BMNH). B. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). C. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23242, PERC). D. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kaminski nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). E. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NHMB). G. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). H. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039323	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	Fig. 3. Clypeal horn morphology, lateral views. A. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832 (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). C. Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23168, NHMB). D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG). E. Phrenapates fortunaensis Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23482, PERC). F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G. Phrenapates latreillei Lacordaire, 1859, ♂ (Teneb_base 22740, AAAG). H. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23286, MNHM)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039325	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	Fig. 4. Phrenapates Gray, 1832, adeagi, dorsal and lateral views. A–B. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C–D. Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23166, NHMB). E–F. Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). G–H. Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). I–J. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039329	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	Fig. 6. Distribution of the genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832, Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, and Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910.	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039333	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	Fig. 8. Supraorbital tubercles of Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A–B. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23212, CASC). C–D. Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, (Teneb_base 22972, AAAG). E–F. Phrenapates gilloglyi Rincon & Smith sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23367, PERC). G–H. Absence of supraorbital tubercles in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910, (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039335	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	Fig. 9. Mandible crenulations and teeth in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Tooth, no crenulations in Phrenapates mandibularis Gebien 1910 [Phrenapates latreillei], holotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23167, NHMB). B. Crenulations, no tooth, in Phrenapates bennettii Gray, 1832, ♂ (Teneb_base 23186, NHMB). C. No crenulations or tooth in Phrenapates dux Gebien, 1910 (Teneb_base 23215, AAAG)	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039337/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039337	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	Fig. 10. Position of galea setae cluster in Phrenapates Gray, 1832. A. Near the apex (ratio tip to clump of bristle to tip to end 1:2) as in Phrenapates educator Gebien, 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 23175, NMHB). B. Centered as in Phrenapates ohausi Gebien, 1910, ♂ (Teneb_base 23165, NHMB). C. Galea ratio less than 1:2 in Phrenapates erratus Rincon, Lumen & Kamiński nom. nov., lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_ base 23168, NHMB).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
03E6879F5A05FFACFDE5FBEBD35CBE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17039357/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17039357	Fig. 18. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH), dorsal (top), lateral (bottom) views, and head (right).	Fig. 18. Phrenapates ohausi Gebien 1910, lectotype, ♂ (Teneb_base 22810, BMNH), dorsal (top), lateral (bottom) views, and head (right).	2025-08-29	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.		Zenodo	biologists	Rincon, Angela;Lumen, Ryan;Kamiński, Marcin J.;Smith, Aaron D.			
