identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E687B2FFEFFFD2FF56F930DB11F846.text	03E687B2FFEFFFD2FF56F930DB11F846.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tryphosinae	<div><p>Subfamily Tryphosinae Lowry and Stoddart, 1997</p><p>Type genus. Tryphosa Boeck, 1871; see Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1997.</p><p>Type species. Anonyx nanus Krøyer, 1846; designation by Boeck (1876: 180).</p><p>Remarks. Lowry &amp; Stoddart (1997) designated Tryphosa as the type genus of their subfamily Tryphosinae, which includes the genus Pseudorchomene . However, for 140 years there was endless controversy concerning the type species of Tryphosa, and the validity and definition of that genus, resulting in extreme confusion. Since the identity of the subfamily Tryphosinae is based on its type genus ( Tryphosa) and the type species of its type genus, a reconstruction of the ‘ Tryphosa saga’ is given herein, in order to solve this thorny problem.</p><p>Krøyer (1846) described Anonyx nanus in a long and precise description devoid of illustrations. When creating the genus Tryphosa Boeck, 1871 (the type genus of the subfamily Tryphosinae), Boeck (1871) described four species without designating a type species, in the following order: T. nanus (Krøyer, 1846) (original combination: Anonyx nanus), T. Høringii Boeck, 1871, T. nanoides (Lilljeborg, 1865) (original combination: Anonyx nanoides) and T. longipes (Spence Bate1 &amp; Westwood, 1861) (original combination: Anonyx longipes). Five years later, Boeck (1876) formally designated Anonyx nanus Krøyer, 1846 as the type species of Tryphosa in repeating and expanding his earlier description. G. O. Sars (1883) redescribed Krøyer’s (1846) and Boeck’s (1871, 1876) species under the name Tryphosa ciliata G. O. Sars, 1883, not realizing that his species had already been named earlier. G. O. Sars (1890) created the genus Orchomenella (with O. minuta as type genus) and described again Tryphosa nana sensu Krøyer &amp; Boeck, this time as Orchomenella ciliata (G. O. Sars, 1883) . G. O. Sars (1891) described as Tryphosa nana, a species which is not that of Krøyer (1846) and Boeck (1871, 1876), and which was still devoid of valid name at that time. Bonnier (1893) pointed out the mistakes of G. O. Sars (1890, 1891) and created the genus Tryphosella Bonnier, 1893 for the species fitting the definition of Tryphosa proposed by G. O. Sars (1891). He did not suggest a type species for Tryphosella but listed seven species, in the following order: T. sarsi Bonnier, 1893 (= Tryphosa nana sensu G. O. Sars, 1891), T. compressa (G. O. Sars, 1891) (original combination: Tryphosa compressa), T. Hörringi (Boeck, 1871), T. angulata (G. O. Sars, 1891) (original combination: Tryphosa angulata), T. nanoïdes (Lilljeborg, 1865) (original combination: Anonyx nanoides), T. antennipotens (Stebbing, 1888) (original combination: Tryphosa antennipotens) and T. barbatipes (Stebbing, 1888) (original combination: Tryphosa barbatipes). Bonnier (1893) restricted the genus Tryphosa to T. nana (Krøyer, 1846) and T. pinguis (Boeck, 1861) (original combination: Anonyx pinguis). G. O. Sars (1895) accepted the conclusions of Bonnier (1893) concerning G. O. Sars’ (1891) misidentification of T. nana (thus accepting the specific epithet sarsi Bonnier, 1893) but rejected Bonnier’s (1893) generic changes, transferring Tryphosella sarsi to Tryphosa and transferring the true Tryphosa nana to Orchomenella . The resulting nomenclaturally invalid binomen Orchomenella nana (Krøyer, 1846) has been accepted in all subsequent literature. Stebbing (1906) restricted Tryphosella to T. barbatipes and put T. sarsi and its satellite species in Tryphosa . On the other hand, Stephensen (1921, 1925 and 1935) accepted the definition of Tryphosa proposed by G. O. Sars (1891 – 95). Under the genus Tryphosa, Chevreux &amp; Fage (1925) wrote without further comment: “ Type: Tr. hörringi, Boeck, 1871 ”. This statement is repeated by Gurjanova (1951). Barnard (1962) accepted Tryphosa horringi Boeck as the type species of the genus Tryphosa, without citing his sources, but probably referring to Chevreux &amp; Fage (1925) and/or Gurjanova (1951). As far we know, there is no other reference to the action of Chevreux &amp; Fage (1925) in more recent literature. Barnard (1967) considered ‘ Tryphosa ’ both as a useful concept and as an invalid synonym of Tryphosella . Barnard (1967) also designated T. sarsi as the type species of Tryphosella and Barnard (1969) reiterated this type designation. In recent literature, Tryphosa is implicitely considered as invalid (Lincoln 1979; Ruffo 1985; Oleröd, 1987; Diviacco &amp; Ruffo 1989; Palerud &amp; Vader 1991; Kilgallen et al. 2006a; Lowry &amp; Stoddart 2011b) or rejected on the basis of practical but nomenclaturally unsupported arguments (Thurston 1974a), and its former components are assigned to the genera Orchomenella and Tryphosella, which have been created later than Tryphosa . Only Lowry &amp; Stoddart (1995, 1997) recognized Tryphosa as valid and distinct from Tryphosella, although they did not indicate which species they considered as belonging to Tryphosa .</p><p>Finally, Lowry &amp; Stoddart (1997) created the family Tryphosinae Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1997 with Tryphosa as type genus, without indicating the type species of that genus.</p><p>The conclusions of this account are that Tryphosa Boeck, 1871 is a nomenclaturally valid genus with Tryphosa nana (Krøyer, 1846) as type species and that all subsequent alternative proposals concerning the type species of Tryphosa are irrelevant.</p><p>Whether the genus Orchomenella G. O. Sars, 1890 (type species: O. minuta G. O. Sars, 1890) is distinct from Tryphosa Boeck, 1871 (type species: T. nana (Krøyer, 1846)) or not, is a question, which falls out of the scope of the present paper.</p><p>1. See De Grave &amp; Fransen (2011) for a discussion on the spelling of the name of that author.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFEFFFD2FF56F930DB11F846	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
03E687B2FFE9FFD7FF56FF78DA34FD8B.text	03E687B2FFE9FFD7FF56FF78DA34FD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorchomene Schellenberg 1926	<div><p>Genus Pseudorchomene Schellenberg, 1926</p><p>Pseudorchomene Schellenberg, 1926: 295 . — Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1983: 381.</p><p>Description. Body shape: typical lysianassoid facies.</p><p>Head: anterior lobe of head moderately produced and broadly rounded; eye large, pyriform, dark, with fully developed ommatidia.</p><p>Antenna 1: major flagellum with article 1 very elongate; accessory flagellum with 5–7 articles, of which the first is very elongate.</p><p>Mouthparts forming quadrate bundle.</p><p>Upper lip and epistome differentially produced, prominent, separate; upper lip distinctly overreaching epistome.</p><p>Mandible: elongate, with posteriorly directed opening; margins of this posterior opening prolonged by 3 processes or lobes: 1 upper and 2 lower ones; incisor process with smooth cutting edge; lacinia mobilis present on left side only, narrowly cylindrical (finger-like), slightly curved, distally slightly dilated and with dentiform processes; longitudinal group of 3 small raker spines and an elongated patch of short fine setae present between incisor and molar processes; molar process elliptic, broad to moderately narrow, triturative; molar process not distally followed by row of spines; lateral setigerous crest arising from proximal 0.2 or 0.3 of molar process; palp 3-articulate, attached midway, proximal to molar process (anteroproximal corner of article 1 of palp not reaching or just reaching proximal border of molar process); article 1 without setae, article 2 longest with row of strong distal and subdistal A2-setae, article 3 of palp about 4 x as long as wide, with 1–2 proximal A3-setae, a row of D3-setae on distal 0.7, with 2–4 E3-setae.</p><p>Maxilla 1: inner plate very elongate, distally very narrow, with 2–3 setae in truly distal position; outer plate with 11 blade-shaped denticulate spines (‘spine teeth’); palp 2-articulate, broad with distal row of 8–13 spines anteriorly followed by stout antero-distal seta; left and right palps similar but not identical.</p><p>Maxilla 2: plates very narrow, tapering towards tip; inner plate much shorter than outer plate.</p><p>Maxilliped: inner and outer plates well developed; inner plate narrow, reaching about half of outer plate, with well-developed posteromedial row of strong setae, with 3 nodular apical spines and 1 anterodistal stout seta; outer plate reaching or overreaching tip of article 2 of palp, with double row of anterior setae, with 2 large anterodistal elongated stout spines, with posterior row of much smaller low nodular spines, with small narrow posterofacial spines; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Coxae 1–4 longer than the depth of their corresponding pereonites, their lower profile forming a very even line.</p><p>Gnathopod 1: coxa large, visible, triangular, with anterior and posterior margin nearly straight and strongly divergent, with ventral margin broad and weakly convex; leg subchelate, palm oblique to transverse; proportions of ischium, merus, carpus and propodus very variable.</p><p>Gnathopod 2: propodus much shorter than carpus with anterior border strongly convex, with posterior border straight to slightly concave; minutely chelate.</p><p>Pereopod 4: coxa with well-developed and fairly broad posterior lobe.</p><p>Pereopod 5: coxa without umbo or carina, with posteroventral lobe very blunt; basis as broad as long, or broader than long, distinctly shorter than coxa.</p><p>Gills: long accessory process on gill of pereopods 5–6; gill of pereopod 7 well-developed and posteriorly pointed.</p><p>Oostegites: linear, from gnathopod 2 to pereopod 5.</p><p>Epimeron 1: anteroventrally angular or produced.</p><p>Epimeron 3: posteroventrally rounded or weakly produced.</p><p>Urosomite 1: dorsal process rounded, anteriorly preceded on each side by dorsolateral carina.</p><p>Urosomite 3: sharp dorsolateral carina on each side.</p><p>Uropod 1: inner ramus about 0.6 x as long as peduncle.</p><p>Uropod 2: inner ramus not constricted.</p><p>Uropod 3: ordinary, with rami well developed, with outer ramus 2-articulate and longer than peduncle.</p><p>Telson: longer than broad, cleft more than half its length, with dorsolateral spines.</p><p>Type species. Orchomenopsis coatsi Chilton, 1912 .</p><p>Composition. Pseudorchomene coatsi (Chilton, 1912); Pseudorchomene debroyeri sp. n.; Pseudorchomene lophorachis sp. n.; Pseudorchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965); Pseudorchomene rossi (Walker, 1903) .</p><p>Putative synapomorphy. Coxa 1 triangular or adz-shaped.</p><p>Distribution. Circum-Antarctic and circum-sub-Antarctic.</p><p>Depth range. 0–2889 m.</p><p>PC-2609071 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-23110911 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-SS2889-4 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-2210079 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-08100715 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-SS2889-5 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-22100710 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-SS349 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-2609076 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-05100712 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>100 PC-1909075 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>PC-1809076 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>77</p><p>85 PC-21090732 Pseudorchomene coatsi</p><p>100 Pn-WS847 Pseudorchomene lophorachis</p><p>Pn-0304072 Pseudorchomene lophorachis 80 Pn-SS1943 Pseudorchomene lophorachis</p><p>90 Pn-0510077 Pseudorchomene lophorachis</p><p>PD-22100714B Pseudorchomene debroyeri</p><p>47 100 PD-1105109 Pseudorchomene debroyeri</p><p>PD-08100720B Pseudorchomene debroyeri</p><p>PD-1105108 Pseudorchomene debroyeri</p><p>AR-I19 Pseudorchomene rossi</p><p>100</p><p>AR-1010076 Pseudorchomene rossi</p><p>AR-3110078 Pseudorchomene rossi</p><p>AP-08100722 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>100 AP-08100719 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>AP-0506081 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>100 AP-LB383 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>AP-SS270 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>AP-31100710 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>AP-2311099 Pseudorchomene plebs</p><p>AS-SS3408 Abyssorchomene scotianensis</p><p>0.02 FIGURE 1. Neighbour-joining tree with bootstrap values based on the COI sequences.</p><p>Biology. Opportunistic or exclusive scavengers (Dauby et al. 2001). All species enter baited traps, which can capture up to thousands of specimens. They have been observed in benthic (Rakusa-Suszczewski 1982), pelagic (Hopkins 1987) and sympagic conditions (Kaufmann et al. 1993, 1995). Females are iteroparous, at least P. debroyeri (present data).</p><p>Remarks. Molecular analyses recovered the species P. coatsi, P. lophorachis, P. debroyeri, P. ro s s i and P. plebs as a monophyletic group, which is separated by a minimum genetic distance of 15.6 % from the specimen of Abyssorchomene scotianensis (Fig. 1). This species indeed belongs to a distinct clade, identified by Havermans et al. (2010), comprising the abyssal Abyssorchomene species. The monophyly of each species was confirmed and bootstrap values gave significant support to each species cluster. Specimens of P. lophorachis and P. debroyeri were separated from P. coatsi by a minimum divergence of 5.7 % and 7.9 %, respectively. Both newly described species were separated by a minimum 7.8 % sequence divergence. The intraspecific variation did not exceed 1.1 % for P. debroyeri and 0.3 % for P. lophorachis . These aspects are treated more extensively in the discussion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFE9FFD7FF56FF78DA34FD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
03E687B2FFEBFFC0FF56FA4BDA29F92F.text	03E687B2FFEBFFC0FF56FA4BDA29F92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorchomene coatsi (Chilton 1912) Chilton 1912	<div><p>Pseudorchomene coatsi (Chilton, 1912)</p><p>(Figs 2–9)</p><p>Orchomenopsis coatsi Chilton, 1912: 477, pl. 1 figs. 8–9.</p><p>Pseudorchomene coatsi . — Schellenberg, 1926: 295. — Lowry &amp; Stoddart, 1983: 381 –385, figs. 72–74 (possibly excluding the specimens from Macquarie Island). — De Broyer et al., 2007: 150, in part (ubi syn.).</p><p>Not Pseudorchomene coatsi . — De Broyer, 1983: 193 –195, figs. 72–74 (= P. debroyeri sp. n.).</p><p>Type material. Not seen. A male, 17.9 mm, was selected by Lowry and Stoddart (1983) as LECTOTYPE from the syntype series, Royal Scottish Museum 1921.143.938, station 411, off Coats Land, Weddell Sea, 71°01 'S 22°00'W, from baited trap, 290 m, " Scotia ", 12 March 1904.</p><p>Material examined. Expedition ARC 94, sta. NA62, King George Island, Admiralty Bay, 62°08'S 58°27'W, 470 m, 29.xii.1963 – 02.i.1964: about 25 specimens, RBINS, INV. 100969 (2 tubes). — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XIX/3–4 (ANDEEP I &amp; II), West of Elephant Island, sta. 0 83, 61°07.18'S 56°08.84'W – 61°07.09'S 56°08.41'W, 340–350 m, baited trap, 07.ii.2002: 15 specimens, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: PC–2609071 (HM054048) [ZMH-43135] (specimen used for illustrations), PC–05100712 (HM054047) [ZMH-43136], PC–SS349 (GU109245) [ZMH-43137], PC–1809076 (HM054046) [ZMH-43138].</p><p>— R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XIX/3–4 (ANDEEP I &amp; II), North of Livingstone Island, sta. 114, 61°45'43''S 60°45'28''W – 61°45'31''S 60°45'08''W, 2743–2754 m, baited trap, 17.ii.2002: 2 specimens, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: PC–SS2889–4 (GU109232) [ZMH-43139], PC–SS2889–5 (GU109234) [ZMH-43140]. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XV/3 (EASIZ II), Atka Bay, sta. 280/284, Trap 13, 70°27.4'S 07°55.9'W, 550 m, baited trap, 29.ii.1998: 4 specimens, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: PC–2210079 (HM054049), PC22100710 (HM054050), RBINS, INV. 100965 (3 tubes). — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XIX/5 (LAMPOS), South of King George Island, sta. 261, 62°16.44' S 58°15.45' W, 723 m, baited trap, 27.iv.2002: 16 specimens, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: PC– 1909075 (HM054053), PC–21090732 (HQ546593), RBINS, INV. 100961. (2 tubes). — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXI/2 (BENDEX), Eastern Weddell Sea, sta. 103–104, 70°49'03''S 10°39'47''W – 70°49'10''S 10°39'47''W, 387 m, Fish Trap, 14.xii.2003: 1 specimen, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: PC– 0 8100715 (HM054052), RBINS, INV. 100963. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXI/2 (BENDEX), Eastern Weddell Sea, sta. 240, 70°48'58''S 10°39'55''W – 70°49'03''S 10°40'15''W, 406 m, Lander, 22.xii.2003: 5 specimens, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: PC–2609076 (HM054051), RBINS, INV. 100964. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT XXI–2 (BENDEX), Eastern Weddell Sea, sta. 288–1, 72°47.58’S 19°29.86’W, 847 m, Fish Trap, 31.xii.2003 – 03.i.2004: 1 specimen, stored in 96% ethanol, RBINS, INV. 100987. — R/V “Ivan Papanin” cruise BELARE, 70°S 23°E, 230 m, Crown Bay, Baited Trap, 23.xii.2008: 10 specimens, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: PC–231109112 (JQ423240), RBINS, INV. 100962.</p><p>Type locality. Antarctica, off Coats Land, Weddell Sea, 71°01'S 22°00'W, 290 m depth (Lowry &amp; Stoddart 1983).</p><p>Diagnosis. Somites of pereon and pleosome without posterior humps. Mandibular palp inserted well proximal to molar process. Molar process broad. Gnathopod 1: anterior margin of basis convex, palm oblique, basis 3.0 x as long as wide, ischium 6 x, merus 3 x as long as wide, carpus 5 x, propodus 5.5 x as long as wide. Gnathopod 2: carpus 2.3 x as long as wide. Pereopod 3: propodus with about 9–10 spines or pairs of spines (which are well developed). Pereopod 3–7: on propodus, broadest spine of each pair or triplet with tip blunt to very blunt. Coxa 4: rounded posteroventrally. Pereopod 5: coxa slightly longer than broad; basis strongly expanded; merus with setae posteriorly and one fairly slender posterodistal spine. Ratio length/width of merus of pereopod 5–7: 1.3; 1.9; 1.9. Ratio length/width of carpus of pereopods 5–7: 2.0; 2.6; 2.7. Posterodistal angle of carpus of pereopods 5–7 with spines of normal length and stoutness. Pereopod 7: anterior margin of carpus normally spinose, posterior margin of carpus and propodus with posterodistal spines only. Epimeron 3: regularly rounded posteriorly or rounded with trace of angularity. Uropod 3: medial margin of both rami with many long setae, inner ramus reaching or not reaching tip of article 1 of outer ramus.</p><p>Description. Based on a female, 19 mm, ANT–XIX/3–4 (ANDEEP I &amp; II), sta. 0 83, West of Elephant Island, 61°07.18'S 56°08.84'W – 61°07.09'S 56°08.41'W, 340– 350 m.</p><p>Body without dorsal carina; somites of pereon and pleosome without small posterior bumps. Head with lateral cephalic lobes broadly rounded.</p><p>Eyes occupying the most of anterior part of head, much longer than broad, lower part much broader than upper part, anteriorly distinctly concave, posteriorly nearly straight, dark, with fully developed ommatidia.</p><p>Antenna 1 distinctly shorter than antenna 2; major flagellum, first article very elongate; accessory flagellum, first article very elongated; calceoli present in males, absent in females.</p><p>Antenna 2 about 0.15 x as long as body; peduncular articles 3 to 5 not enlarged, with brush of setae; flagellum 31-articulate, calceoli present in males, absent in females.</p><p>Mouthparts forming a quadrate bundle. Epistome carinate, scarcely produced, terminating in small blunt tooth; upper lip broadly rounded, slightly overreaching epistome.</p><p>Mandible: incisor process, cutting edge smooth except for small blunt denticle on each side, lateral and medial borders parallel; lacinia mobilis present on left side only, narrowly cylindrical (finger-like), slightly curved, distally slightly dilated with 5 medium-sized dentiform processes; 3 small raker spines and a dense patch of short setules present between incisor and molar processes; molar process broad, elliptic to subovate, transversally ridged and triturative; lateral setigerous crest arising from proximal 0.3 of molar process; palp 3-articulate, attached midway, well proximal to molar process; article 1 without setae, article 2 longest with row of 21–22 strong distal and subdistal A2-setae, article 3 of palp 0.60 x as long as article 2, 3.5 x as long as wide, with 1 proximal A3-seta, a row of 21–23 D3-setae on distal 0.7 (these setae are slightly shorter than width of article 3), and 3 E3-setae.</p><p>Maxilla 1: inner plate very elongate, distally very narrow, with 2 stout setae in truly distal position; outer plate with 11 blade-shaped spines (in 7/4 arrangement), which are denticulate on one side; palp 2-articulate, broad with distal row of 12 cuspidate spines anteriorly followed by a stout antero-distal flag seta.</p><p>Maxilla 2: plates very narrow, tapering towards tip; inner plate much shorter and slightly narrower than outer plate.</p><p>Maxilliped: inner and outer plates well developed; inner plate narrow, about half the length of outer plate, with well-developed posteromedial row of strong setae, 3 apical nodular spines and 1 anterodistal stout seta; outer plate reaching tip of article 2 of palp, with lateral double row of long setae, 2 distal large stout blunt spines, a medial row of 22 much smaller low nodular spines, and 7 small slender isolated facial spines; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Gills: long accessory process on gill of pereopods 5–6; gill of pereopod 7 well developed and posteriorly pointed.</p><p>Oostegites: linear, from gnathopod 2 to pereopod 5.</p><p>Gnathopod 1: subchelate; coxa large but slightly shorter than coxa 2, externally visible, triangular, anterior and posterior margins nearly straight and strongly divergent, ventral margin broad and distinctly convex; all articles except merus and dactylus elongate; basis strongly convex anteriorly, weakly convex posteriorly, with many long setae along anterior margin, 3.0 x as long as wide; ischium linear, 6 x as long as wide; merus triangular, 3 x as long as wide, much shorter than ischium and carpus; carpus linear, 5 x as long as wide; propodus linear, 5.5 x as long as wide and as long as carpus, palm oblique and minutely denticulate; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Gnathopod 2: minutely chelate; coxa large but slightly shorter than coxa 3, subrectangular; ischium 3.4. x as long as wide; carpus 2.3 x as long as wide, 2.0 x as long as propodus, anterior margin with dense row of very short setae beyond midlength and many long setae distally; propodus strongly convex, anteriorly with many long setae, weakly concave posteriorly with many very short setae, palm with a cavity and an extended inner dentate basket; dactylus very short, denticulate, reaching corner of palm.</p><p>Pereopod 3: coxa large, about as long as coxa 4, subrectangular, with posterior margin slightly concave; ischium, merus and carpus with many long setae posteriorly; merus slightly expanded anteriorly, 2.8 x as long as wide; carpus 3.1 x as long as wide and 0.73 x as long as merus; propodus 5.4 x as long as wide, 1.3 x as long as carpus, with 10 well-developed spines (or pairs of spines), posteriorly, the largest spines of each group blunt-tipped and with accessory branch; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.39 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 4: coxa deeper than wide, posteroventral lobe large, posteroventral corner of lobe more or less rounded (with scarcely distinct angular discontinuity); ischium, merus and carpus with many long setae posteriorly; merus slightly expanded anteriorly, 2.6 x as long as wide; carpus 2.6 x as long as wide and 0.62 x as long as merus; propodus 4.7 x as long as wide, 1.3 x as long as carpus, with 10 well-developed spines (or pairs of spines) posteriorly, the largest spines of each group blunt-tipped and with accessory branch; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.41 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 5: coxa very slightly longer than broad, weakly bilobate, posterior lobe slightly produced ventrally, 1.6 x as long as basis; basis strongly expanded posteriorly, about as long as broad, with 14 short spines or groups of spines anteriorly, 7 very weak crenellations posteriorly, and well-developed broadly rounded posteroventral lobe; ischium with 4 groups of short spines anteriorly, the distal one associated with a long seta; merus expanded, 1.3 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin convex bearing 4 long setae and 1 distal medium-sized spine; carpus 2.0 x as long as broad, with 1 posterodistal short seta and 1 posterodistal spine of normal length and stoutness; propodus 4.8 x as long as broad, 1.5 x as long as carpus, with 7 blunt-tipped spines (or pairs of spines in which one is blunt-tipped) anteriorly, each spine with accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.40 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 6: coxa slightly concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly, distinctly bilobed, shorter than coxa 5, 1.4 x as long as broad, 0.96 x as long as basis; basis longer than basis of pereopod 5, expanded posteriorly, 1.3 x as long as broad, with 11 short spines or groups of spines anteriorly, 11 very weak crenellations posteriorly, posteroventral lobe well-developed and broadly rounded; ischium–dactylus combined slightly longer than in pereopod 5 and as long as in pereopod 7; ischium with 4 short spines and 3 long setae on anterior margin; merus weakly expanded, 1.9 x as long as broad, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin weakly convex, bearing 4 isolated small spines of normal stoutness; carpus 2.6 x as long as broad, with 1 short seta and 1 spine of normal length and stoutness on posterodistal corner; propodus 5.6 x as long as broad, 1.5 x as long as carpus, with 9 blunt-tipped spines (or pairs of spines in which one is blunt-tipped) anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.39 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 7: coxa regularly rounded, shorter than coxa 6, slightly longer than broad, 0.5 x as long as basis; basis longer than basis of pereopod 6, expanded posteriorly, 1.4 x as long as broad, with 11 short spines or groups of spines anteriorly, 11 very weak crenellations posteriorly, posteroventral lobe low and broadly rounded; ischium with 4 groups of 1 or 2 short spines on anterior margin, without long setae; merus weakly expanded, 1.9 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin weakly convex, bearing 4 isolated small spines of normal stoutness; carpus 2.7 x as long as broad, with number and strength of anterior spines normal, with 1 short seta and 2 spines of normal length and stoutness on posterodistal corner and no other posterior spines; propodus 5.2 x as long as broad, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 9 blunt-tipped spines (or pairs of spines in which one is blunt-tipped) anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, about 0.35 x as long as propodus (not perfectly levelled on illustration).</p><p>Epimeron 1: anteroventral corner subquadrate, not produced; posteroventral corner regularly rounded; ventral margin nearly straight; posterior margin strongly convex.</p><p>Epimeron 2: anteroventral corner rounded, posteroventral corner bluntly subquadrate; ventral margin straight [to slightly concave]; posterior margin straight.</p><p>Epimeron 3: posteroventral corner regularly rounded; ventral and posterior margins slightly convex.</p><p>Urosomite 1 with a deep dorsal depression flanked on each side by lateral carina and followed by a prominent dorsal hump which is bluntly angular posteriorly.</p><p>Uropod 1: peduncle 1.6 x as long as inner ramus, with 15 very small stout lateral spines and 23 medium-sized slender spines; outer ramus slightly longer than inner ramus, with 7 small lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus with 4 medium-sized lateral spines and 9 well-developed medial spines.</p><p>Uropod 2 [abnormal in specimen used for description and illustration: inner ramus unusually short, possibly broken and regenerated]: peduncle 1.5 x as long as inner ramus, with 8 small to very small stout lateral spines and 9 medium-sized slender spines (all spines on distal 0.4); outer ramus much longer than inner ramus, with 12 stout medium-sized lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus without notch, with 4 lateral spines and 8 medial spines, all medium-sized.</p><p>Uropod 3: peduncle ordinary, about 0.85 x as long as outer ramus; outer ramus article 1 with 6 lateral spines, 11 medial long plumose setae and 1 long slender distomedial spine, article 2 at least 0.21 x as long as article 1; inner ramus reaching about 0.9 of article 1 of outer ramus, with 3 lateral spines and long plumose setae all along medial margin, without apical setae.</p><p>Telson elongate, cleft 0.57 of length, each lobe with 1 apical spine paired or not with 1 small seta, and 5–6 dorsolateral spines which are not all in a row.</p><p>Complementary description. The female described above has the flagellum of antenna 1 incomplete and the rami of uropod 2 with abnormal relative proportions (they were possibly broken and regenerated). A complementary account is given of a male from the expedition ARC94, sta. NA62, King George Island, Admiralty Bay, 62°08'S 58°27'W, 470 m, RBINS, INV. 100969.</p><p>Antenna 1 a bit shorter than antenna 2; major flagellum 15-articulate, with calceoli, first article nearly 0.5 x as long as entire flagellum; accessory flagellum 6-articulate, article 1 elongate, slightly longer than 5 distal articles combined.</p><p>Antenna 2 about 0.2 x as long as body; peduncular articles 3 to 5 not enlarged, with brush of setae; flagellum with 29 articles, calceoli present.</p><p>Gnathopods similar to those of female, but setae of anterior border of basis of gnathopod 1 shorter.</p><p>Pereopods 3–7 very similar to females but number of spines slightly lower.</p><p>Epimeron 3 with posteroventral margin not perfectly rounded, with trace of angularity.</p><p>Uropod 1: peduncle 1.4 x as long as inner ramus, with 5 very small lateral spines and 17 medium-sized slender medial spines; outer ramus slightly longer than inner ramus, with 5 small lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus with 2 medium-sized lateral spines and 7 medium-sized medial spines.</p><p>Uropod 2: peduncle as long as inner ramus, with 5 small lateral spines and 5 medium-sized medial spines (all spines on distal 0.25); outer ramus 0.9 x as long as inner ramus, with 8 medium-sized lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus without notch, with 5 lateral spines and 8 medial spines, all medium-sized.</p><p>Uropod 3: peduncle ordinary, about 0.74 x as long as outer ramus; outer ramus article 1 with 5 lateral spines, 10 medial long plumose setae and 1 long slender distomedial spine, with article 2 distally very narrow, about 0.31 x as long as article 1; inner ramus reaching tip of article 1 of outer ramus, with 3 lateral spines and with long plumose setae all along its medial margin, without apical setae.</p><p>Telson: elongate, cleft for 0.58 of its length, each lobe with 1 apical spine paired with 1 small seta, and 4 dorsolateral spines which are all in a row or not.</p><p>Colour pattern. An unpublished photograph made by M. Rauschert and identified by him as P. coatsi was examined. It shows an amphipod with red eyes, but otherwise almost colourless except a trace of reddish pigmentation.</p><p>Size. 19 mm.</p><p>Distribution and depth range. Davis Sea, Enderby Land, South Georgia, South Shetland Islands, Weddell Sea, 50–2889 m (De Broyer et al. 2007; Havermans et al. 2011). The records from Îles Kerguelen (De Broyer 1983) are based on P. debroyeri and this might also be the case of those from Macquarie Island and Prince Edward Islands.</p><p>Biology. “The species was captured mainly in baited traps, wherein it can represent up to 96% of total number of amphipods, with a record of 24 560 specimens in one trap. The digestive tract content of all individuals analyzed (collected either by trawl or by trap) revealed only fragments of carrion, indicating that P. coatsi is a true necrophage” (Dauby et al. 2001). The specimen dissected for study, which was a well-calcified female, had fully developed oostegites with setae and, at the same time, ovaries full of eggs. Female amphipods lay their eggs shortly after moulting and since the occurrence of setae on oostegites is a sign of fertile intermoult (Bellan-Santini 1999). This suggests that the dissected specimen had previously laid a batch of eggs, which hatched before capture, and that a further batch of eggs was developing. If this assumption is correct, this would mean that P. coatsi is iteroparous, as it is the case for other ‘orchomenids’ (see e.g. Thurston 1979; Stockton 1982; Moore &amp; Wong 1996).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFEBFFC0FF56FA4BDA29F92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
03E687B2FFFCFFCAFF56F903DB8FFD8B.text	03E687B2FFFCFFCAFF56F903DB8FFD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorchomene debroyeri	<div><p>Pseudorchomene debroyeri sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 10–16)</p><p>Pseudorchomene coatsi . — De Broyer, 1983: 193 –195, figs. 72–74. Not Orchomenopsis coatsi Chilton, 1912: 477, pl. 1, fig. 8–9.</p><p>Type material specimens. “ICEFISH” cruise, Falkland Islands, S of Beauchene Island, sta. 14, trap 3, 53°02'32"S 59°08'03"W – 53°26'24"S 59°08'39"W, 470 m, 26.v.2004: 1 HOLOTYPE female, USNM 1156918, dissected and mounted on 20 slides in Euparal, and 18 PARATYPES in alcohol, USNM 1156919, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: PD–1105108 (JQ423241), PD–1105109 (JQ423242). — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XIX/5 (LAMPOS), Burdwood Bank, sta. 147–1, 54°32'S 55°55'W, 413 m, baited traps, 06.iv.2002: 30 PARATYPES, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: PD–081007202B (JQ423244), PD– 221007142B (JQ423243), RBINS, INV. 100955.(2 tubes).</p><p>Additional material. Expedition KER 82, sta. N4, Fosse de l'Hydrographie, between île Suhm and Port Douzième, 49°30'00"S 70°10'00"E, 90 m, 18–29.i.1982: 1 female, leg. C. De Broyer, RBINS, INV. 100968 (2 tubes). — Expedition KER 82, sta. N6, between île Heugh and îles Gibson, label inside vial indicating 'Narres', 49°00'00"S 69°00'00"E, 140 m, 08–09.ii.1982: about 100 specimens (one female partly dissected but not permanently mounted), leg. C. De Broyer, RBINS, INV. 100972. — Expedition KER 82, sta. N8, 'near Port Bizet, fosse de Green', 49°31'00"S 69°54'00"E, 100 m, 08–09.ii.1982, about 30 specimens, leg. C. De Broyer, RBINS, INV. 100967. — Expedition KER 82, sta. N10, 'along Fosse de Channer', 49°S 69°E, 55 m, 23–24.ii.1982: 10 specimens, leg. C. De Broyer, RBINS, INV. 100971. — Expedition KER 82, sta. N10, 'along Fosse de Channer', 49°S 69°E, 55 m, 23–24.ii.1982: 3 specimens, leg. C. De Broyer, RBINS, INV. 100966.</p><p>Type locality. Falkland Islands, south of Beauchene Island, 53°02'32"S 59°08'03"W – 53°26'24"S 59°08'39"W, 470 m.</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Claude De Broyer, who provided good illustrations of the species under the name P. coatsi; see De Broyer (1983). The name is a genitive.</p><p>Diagnosis. Somites of pereon and pleosome without posterior humps. Mandibular palp inserted well proximal to molar process. Molar process broad. Gnathopod 1: anterior margin of basis convex, palm transverse, basis 2.4 x, ischium 3.5 x, carpus 3 x, propodus 3.5 x as long as wide. Gnathopod 2: carpus 3.0 x as long as wide. Pereopod 3: propodus with about 16–18 spines or pairs of spines (which are well developed). Pereopod 3–7: on propodus, broadest spine of each pair or triplet with tip pointed. Coxa 4 posteroventrally rounded. Pereopod 5: coxa distinctly broader than long; basis strongly expanded; merus with setae posteriorly and one distal fairly slender posterodistal spine. Ratio length/width of merus of pereopods 5–7: 1.8; 2.3; 2.6. Ratio length/width of carpus of pereopods 5–7: 1.7; 2.6; 2.4. Posterodistal angle of carpus of pereopods 5–7 with spines of normal length and stoutness. Pereopod 7: anterior margin of carpus with spines longer and more numerous than in other species, posterior margin of carpus and often of propodus with non-distal spine(s). Epimeron 3 regularly rounded posteriorly. Uropod 3: medial margin of both rami with many long setae, inner ramus not reaching tip of article 1 of outer ramus.</p><p>Description. Based on HOLOTYPE female, “ICEFISH” cruise, Falkland Islands, S of Beauchene Island, station 14, trap 3, 53°02'32"S 59°08'03"W – 53°26'24"S 59°08'39"W, 470 m, USNM 1156918.</p><p>Body without dorsal carina; somites of pereon and pleosome without small posterior humps. Head: lateral cephalic lobes broadly rounded.</p><p>Eyes occupying the most of anterior part of head, much longer than broad, lower part much broader than upper part, distinctly concave anteriorly, nearly straight posteriorly, dark, with fully developed ommatidia.</p><p>Antenna 1 distinctly shorter than antenna 2; major flagellum 18-articulate, first article 0.4 x as long as entire flagellum; accessory flagellum 7-articulate, article 1 elongate, slightly longer than 6 distal articles combined; calceoli absent.</p><p>Antenna 2 about 0.2 x as long as body; peduncular articles 3 to 5 not enlarged, with brush of setae; flagellum 42-articlulate; calceoli absent.</p><p>Mouthparts forming a quadrate bundle. Epistome carinate, scarcely produced, terminating in small blunt tooth; upper lip broadly rounded, distinctly overreaching epistome.</p><p>Mandible: incisor process, cutting edge smooth, except for small blunt denticle on each side, lateral and medial borders parallel; lacinia mobilis present on left side only, narrowly cylindrical (finger-like), slightly curved, distally slightly dilated with 6 well-developed dentiform processes; 3 small raker spines and a dense patch of short setules present between incisor and molar processes; molar process broad, elliptic to subovate, transversally ridged and triturative; lateral setigerous crest arising from proximal 0.3 of molar process; palp 3-articulate, attached midway, well proximal to molar process; article 1 without setae, article 2 longest with row of 25 strong distal and subdistal A2-setae, article 3 of palp 0.70 x as long as article 2, 4.1 x as long as wide, with 1 proximal A3-seta, a row of 29 D3-setae on distal 0.7 (these setae are slightly shorter than width of article 3), and 4 E3-setae.</p><p>Maxilla 1: inner plate very elongate, distally very narrow, with 3 stout setae [one is much more slender than the others] in truly distal position; outer plate with 11 blade-shaped spines (in 7/4 arrangement), which are denticulate on one side; palp 2-articulate, broad with distal row of 13 cuspidate spines anteriorly and a stout antero-distal flag seta.</p><p>Maxilla 2: plates very narrow, tapering; inner plate much shorter and slightly narrower than outer plate.</p><p>Maxilliped: inner and outer plates well developed; inner plate narrow, about half the length of outer plate, with well-developed posteromedial row of strong setae, 3 apical nodular spines and 1 anterodistal stout seta; outer plate overreaching tip of article 2 of palp, with lateral double row of long setae, 2 distal large stout blunt spines, a medial row of 28 much smaller low nodular spines, and 19 small slender facial (isolated or paired) spines; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Gills: long accessory process on gill of pereopods 5–6; gill of pereopod 7 well developed and posteriorly pointed.</p><p>Oostegites: linear, from gnathopod 2 to pereopod 5.</p><p>Gnathopod 1: subchelate; coxa large but slightly shorter than coxa 2, externally visible, triangular, anterior and posterior margins nearly straight and strongly divergent, ventral margin broad and distinctly convex; all articles except merus and dactylus elongate; basis strongly convex anteriorly and weakly convex posteriorly, with many long setae along anterior margin, 2.4 x as long as wide; ischium moderately elongate, 3.5 x as long as wide; merus triangular, 2.5 x as long as wide, a bit shorter than ischium and carpus; carpus moderately elongate, 3 x as long as wide; propodus linear, 3.5 x as long as wide and slightly longer than carpus, palm transverse and minutely denticulate; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Gnathopod 2: minutely chelate; coxa large but slightly shorter than coxa 3, subrectangular; ischium 3.4. x as long as wide; carpus 3.0 x as long as wide, 2.2 x as long as propodus, anterior margin with dense row of very short setae beyond midlength, and many long setae distally; propodus strongly convex anteriorly with many long setae, weakly concave posteriorly with many very short setae, palm with a cavity and an extended inner dentate basket; dactylus very short, denticulate, reaching corner of palm.</p><p>Pereopod 3: coxa large, about as long as coxa 4, subrectangular, posterior margin slightly concave; ischium, merus and carpus with many long setae posteriorly; merus slightly expanded anteriorly, 2.8 x as long as wide; carpus 3.7 x as long as wide and 0.73 x as long as merus; propodus 6.3 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 18 well-developed spines (or pairs of spines) posteriorly, the largest spines of each group acute-tipped and with accessory branch; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.31 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 4: coxa deeper than wide, posteroventral lobe large, posteroventral corner of lobe more or less rounded (with slight angular discontinuity); ischium, merus and carpus with many long setae posteriorly; merus slightly expanded anteriorly, 2.8 x as long as wide; carpus 3.6 x as long as wide and 0.53 x as long as merus; propodus 4.7 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with about 16 well-developed spines (or pairs of spines) posteriorly, the largest spines of each group acute-tipped and with accessory branch; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.35 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 5: coxa broader than long, weakly bilobate, posterior lobe not produced ventrally, 1.3 x as long as basis; basis strongly expanded posteriorly, about as long as broad, with 26 short spines anteriorly, 16 weak but distinct crenellations posteriorly, posteroventral lobe well developed and broadly rounded; ischium with 2 groups of short spines anteriorly, the distal one associated with a long seta; merus expanded, 1.8 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin convex, bearing 6 long setae and 1 distal medium-sized spine; carpus 1.7 x as long as broad, with 3 posterodistal slender spines of normal length; propodus 5.9 x as long as broad, 1.9 x as long as carpus, with 11 acute spines (or pair of spines) anteriorly, each spine with accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.38 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 6: coxa slightly concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly, distinctly bilobed, shorter than coxa 5, 1.4 x as long as broad, 0.88 x as long as basis; basis longer than basis of pereopod 5, expanded posteriorly, 1.5 x as long as broad, with 10 short marginal spines or groups of spines (and some submarginal spines) anteriorly, 20 weak but distinct crenellations posteriorly, posteroventral lobe well-developed and broadly rounded; ischium–dactylus combined slightly longer than in pereopod 5 and as long as in pereopod 7; ischium with 7 spines and 3 long setae on anterior margin; merus weakly expanded, 2.3 x as long as broad, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin weakly convex bearing 6 isolated small spines of normal stoutness; carpus 2.6 x as long as broad, with 1 short seta and 3 spines of normal length and stoutness on posterodistal corner; propodus 6.6 x as long as broad, 1.5 x as long as carpus, with 14 acute spines (or pairs of spines in which one is acute) anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, about 0.32 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 7: coxa rounded, shorter than coxa 6, slightly broader than long, 0.5 x as long as basis; basis longer than basis of pereopod 6, expanded posteriorly, 1.4 x as long as broad, with 9 short spines or groups of spines (and some submarginal spines) anteriorly, 18 very weak crenellations posteriorly, posteroventral lobe low and broadly rounded; ischium with 5 anterior groups of 1 to 5 short spines, without long setae; merus weakly expanded, 2.6 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin weakly convex, bearing 6 groups of 1–2 small spines of normal stoutness; carpus 2.6 x as long as broad, with spines unusually strong and numerous, with 3 spines of normal length and stoutness on posterodistal corner and two other spines on the posterior margin; propodus 5.8 x as long as broad, 1.6 x as long as carpus, with 11 acute spines (or pairs or triplets of acute spines) anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, about 0.34 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Epimeron 1: anteroventral corner subquadrate, slightly produced; posteroventral corner regularly rounded; ventral margin very slightly concave; posterior margin strongly convex.</p><p>Epimeron 2: anteroventral corner rounded, posteroventral corner acutely quadrate; ventral margin very slightly concave; posterior margin straight.</p><p>Epimeron 3: posteroventral corner regularly rounded; ventral and posterior margins slightly convex.</p><p>Urosomite 1 with a deep dorsal depression flanked on each side by lateral carina and followed by a prominent dorsal hump which is bluntly angular posteriorly.</p><p>Uropod 1: peduncle 1.6 x as long as inner ramus, with 10 very small stout lateral spines and 33 medial medium-sized slender spines; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner ramus, with 13 small lateral spines and 1 small medial spine; inner ramus with 5 medium-sized lateral spines and 15 well-developed medial spines.</p><p>Uropod 2: peduncle 1.2 x as long as inner ramus, with 7 very small stout lateral spines and 10 medium-sized narrow spines (all spines on distal 0.4); outer ramus 0.9 x as long as inner ramus, with 15 stout and medium-sized lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus without notch, with 8 lateral spines and 19 medial spines, all medium-sized.</p><p>Uropod 3: peduncle ordinary, about 0.80 x as long as outer ramus; outer ramus with article 1 with 10 lateral spines, 17 medial long plumose setae and 1 normally developed distomedial spine, with article 2 about 0.15 x as long as article 1; inner ramus reaching about 0.85 of article 1 of outer ramus, with 6 lateral spines and long plumose setae all along medial margin.</p><p>Telson: elongate, cleft for 0.60 of its length, each lobe with 1 apical spine paired with 1 small seta, and 4 dorsolateral spines which are all in a row.</p><p>Variations in type material. The propodus of pereopod 7 was sometimes devoid of posterior spines in paratypes (from the Falkland Islands) smaller in body size than the holotype.</p><p>Colour pattern. unknown.</p><p>Size. Up to 31 mm.</p><p>Distribution and depth range. Falkland Islands, Burdwood Bank (present material), Îles Kerguelen (De Broyer 1983, as P. coatsi), 55– 470 m.</p><p>Biology. This species is at least a facultative scavenger, as it enters baited traps in large swarms.</p><p>Remarks. The specimens of Pseudorchomene coatsi from Îles Kerguelen illustrated by De Broyer (1983) are identified as P. debroyeri sp. n. based on their morphological similarity. However, this would require genetic confirmation, by comparing DNA sequences with the type specimens from the distant Magellan region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFFCFFCAFF56F903DB8FFD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
03E687B2FFF6FFF2FF56FD60DE7CFC1D.text	03E687B2FFF6FFF2FF56FD60DE7CFC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorchomene lophorachis	<div><p>Pseudorchomene lophorachis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 17–22)</p><p>Type material. R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT XXI–2 (BENDEX), Eastern Weddell Sea, sta. 288–1, 72°47.58’S 19°29.86’W, 847 m, Fish Trap, 31.xii.2003 – 03.i.2004: 1 HOLOTYPE [sex undetermined (sex detemination impossible without full dissection); no oostegites observed, 14.5 mm, right gnathopod 1 and left uropod 1 dissected but not mounted] stored in 96% ethanol, RBINS, INV. 100954, Specimen (HOLOTYPE) Id with corresponding Gen- Bank Accession number: Pn–WS847 (GU109238) — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT XXI–2 (BENDEX), Eastern Weddell Sea, sta. 288–1, 72°47.58’S 19°29.86’W, 847 m, Fish Trap, 31.xii.2003 – 03.i.2004: 1 PARATYPE [sex undetermined (sex detemination impossible without full dissection); no oostegites observed, stored in 96% ethanol, RBINS, INV. 10954. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXII/3 (ANDEEP III), South of South Orkney Islands, sta. 150–7, 61°48’S 47°27’W, 1943 m, Agassiz trawl, 20.iii.2005: 1 female PARATYPE, 18 mm, stored in 96% ethanol., Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: Pn–0304072 (HM054054) [ZMH-43141]. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXII/3 (ANDEEP III), South of South Orkney Islands, sta. 150–7, 61°48’S 47°27’W, 1943 m, Agassiz trawl, 20.iii.2005: 4 PARATYPES stored in 96% ethanol and 1 PARATYPE dissected and mounted on 15 slides in Euparal [ZMH-43142], 10 PARATYPES, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: Pn–0510077 (HM054055), Pn–SS1943 (GU109253) [ZMH-43143].</p><p>Type locality. South of South Orkney Islands, 61°48’S 47°27’W, 1943 m.</p><p>Etymology. Lophorachis is a noun in apposition formed by combining the Greek nouns λόφος, hill, and ραχɩς, backspine. The name refers to the low posterodorsal protuberances of the body segments.</p><p>Diagnosis. Somites of pereon and pleosome with small posterior humps. Mandibular palp inserted well proximal to molar process. Molar process broad. Gnathopod 1: basis anterior margin convex, palm oblique, basis 3.5 x, ischium 9 x, merus 7 x, carpus 7.5 x, propodus 8.5 x as long as wide. Gnathopod 2: carpus 2.3 x as long as wide. Pereopod 3: propodus with about 11 spines or pairs of spines (which are well developed). Pereopod 3–7: on propodus, broadest spine of each pair or triplet acute. Coxa 4 rounded posteroventrally. Pereopod 5: coxa very slightly longer than broad; basis strongly expanded; merus with setae posteriorly and one fairly slender posterodistal spine. Ratio length/width of merus of pereopod 5–7: 1.3; 1.8; 1.9. Ratio length/width of carpus of pereopod 5–7: 1.8; 2.4; 2.3. Posterodistal angle of carpus of pereopod 5–7 with spines of normal length and stoutness. Pereopod 7: anterior margin of carpus normally spinose, posterior margin of carpus and propodus with posterodistal spines only. Epimeron 3 posteriorly regularly rounded. Uropod 3 with medial margin of both rami with many long setae, with inner ramus not reaching tip of article 1 of outer ramus.</p><p>Description. Based on PARATYPES from R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXII/3 (ANDEEP III), South of South Orkney Islands, sta. 150–7, 61°48’S 47°27’W, 1943 m.</p><p>Body without dorsal carina; somites of pereon and pleosome with small posterior humps. Head with lateral cephalic lobes broadly rounded.</p><p>Eyes occupying the most of anterior part of head, much longer than broad, lower part much broader than upper part, distinctly concave anteriorly, nearly straight posteriorly, dark, with fully developed ommatidia.</p><p>Antenna 1 slightly shorter than antenna 2; major flagellum 13-articulate, with first article 0.4 x as long as entire flagellum; accessory flagellum 5-articulate, with article 1 elongate, slightly longer than sum of 4 distal articles combined.</p><p>Antenna 2 about 0.1 x as long as body; peduncular articles 3 to 5 not enlarged, with brush of setae; flagellum 27-articlulate; calceoli absent.</p><p>Mouthparts forming a quadrate bundle. Epistome carinate, scarcely produced, terminating in small blunt tooth; upper lip broadly rounded. slightly overreaching epistome.</p><p>Mandible: incisor process, cutting edge smooth except for small blunt denticle on each side, lateral and medial borders parallel; lacinia mobilis present on left side only, narrowly cylindrical (finger-like), slightly curved, slightly dilated distally with 3 dentiform processes (1 strong and 2 weak); 3 small raker spines and a elongate patch of short setules present between incisor and molar processes; molar process broad, elliptic to subovate, transversally ridged and triturative; lateral setigerous crest arising from proximal 0.3 of molar process; palp 3-articulate, attached midway, well proximal to molar process; article 1 without setae, article 2 longest with row of 12 strong distal and subdistal A2-setae, article 3 of palp 0.65 x as long as article 2, 4.2 x as long as wide, with 2 proximal A3-setae, a row of 22 D3-setae on distal 0.6 (these setae are shorter than width of article 3), and 2 E3-setae.</p><p>Maxilla 1: inner plate very elongate, very narrow distally, with 2 stout setae in truly distal position; outer plate with 11 blade-shaped spines (in 7/4 arrangement), which are denticulate on one side; palp 2-articulate, broad with distal row of 9 cuspidate spines anteriorly followed by a stout antero-distal flag seta.</p><p>Maxilla 2: plates very narrow, tapering; inner plate much shorter and slightly narrower than outer plate.</p><p>Maxilliped: inner and outer plates well developed; inner plate narrow, about half the length of outer plate, with well-developed posteromedial row of strong setae, with 3 apical nodular spines and 1 anterodistal stout seta; outer plate reaching tip of article 2 of palp, with lateral double row of medium setae, 2 distal large stout blunt spines, a medial row of 19 much smaller low nodular spines, and 8 small slender isolated facial spines; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Gills: long accessory process on gill of pereopods 5–6; gill of pereopod 7 well developed and posteriorly pointed.</p><p>Oostegites: linear, from gnathopod 2 to pereopod 5.</p><p>Gnathopod 1: subchelate; coxa large but slightly shorter than coxa 2, externally visible, triangular, with anterior and posterior margins weakly concave and strongly divergent, ventral border broad and weakly convex; all articles except dactylus extremely elongate; basis anteriorly strongly convex and posteriorly straight, with many long setae along anterior margin, about 3.5 x as long as wide; ischium linear, 9 x as long as wide; merus linear, 7 x as long as wide, slightly shorter than ischium and as long as carpus; carpus linear, 7.5 x as long as wide; propodus linear, 8.5 x as long as wide and slightly shorter than carpus, palm oblique and minutely denticulate; dactylus well developed.</p><p>Gnathopod 2: minutely chelate coxa large but slightly shorter than coxa 3, subrectangular; ischium 3.7 x as long as wide; carpus 2.3 x as long as wide, 2.2 x as long as propodus, anterior margin with dense row of very short setae beyond midlength, and many long setae distally; propodus strongly convex anteriorly with many long setae, straight posteriorly with many very short setae, palm with a cavity and an extended inner dentate basket; dactylus very short, denticulate, reaching corner of palm.</p><p>Pereopod 3: coxa large, about as long as coxa 4, subrectangular, posterior margin slightly concave; ischium, merus and carpus with many long setae posteriorly; merus slightly expanded anteriorly, 2.6 x as long as wide; carpus 2.6 x as long as wide and 0.67 x as long as merus; propodus 4.9 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 11 well-developed spines (or pairs of spines) posteriorly, the largest spines of each group acute and with accessory branch; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.41 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 4: coxa deeper than wide, posteroventral lobe large, posteroventral corner of lobe regularly rounded (without angular discontinuity); ischium, merus and carpus with many long setae posteriorly; merus slightly expanded anteriorly, 2.4 x as long as wide; carpus 2.0 x as long as wide and 0.56 x as long as merus; propodus 4.6 x as long as wide, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 11 well-developed spines (or pairs of spines) posteriorly, the largest spines of each group acute and with accessory branch; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.39 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 5: coxa very slightly longer than broad, weakly bilobate, posterior lobe slightly produced ventrally, 1.5 x as long as basis; basis strongly expanded posteriorly, about as long as broad, with 10 short spines or groups of short spines anteriorly, 6 very weak crenellations posteriorly, each associated with tiny setule, posteroventral lobe well developed and broadly rounded; ischium with 3 anterior groups of short spines, the distal one associated with long seta; merus expanded, 1.3 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin rounded, bearing 5 long setae and 1 distal medium-sized spine; carpus 1.8 x as long as broad, with 2 posterodistal spines of normal length and stoutness; propodus 4.2 x as long as broad, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 6 pairs of acute spines anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.42 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 6: coxa anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin convex, weakly bilobed, shorter than coxa 5, 1.6 x as long as broad, 0.9 x as long as basis; basis longer than basis of pereopod 5, expanded posteriorly, 1.4 x as long as broad, with 9 short spines or groups of short spines anteriorly, 8 very weak crenellations posteriorly, each associated with tiny setule, posteroventral lobe well-developed, broadly rounded; ischium–dactylus combined slightly longer than in pereopod 5 and as long as in pereopod 7; ischium with 4 anterior groups of articulated structures including a short spine and/or a long seta; merus weakly expanded, 1.8 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin weakly curved, bearing 6 isolated small spines of normal stoutness; carpus 2.4 x as long as broad, with 1 short seta and 2 spines of normal length and stoutness on posterodistal corner; propodus 4.8 x as long as broad, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 9 acute spines (or pairs of spines) anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair); dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.39 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Pereopod 7: coxa regularly rounded, shorter than coxa 6, as long as broad, 0.5 x as long as basis; basis longer than basis of pereopod 6, expanded posteriorly, 1.4 x as long as broad, with 14 short spines or groups of short spines anteriorly, 10 very weak crenellations posteriorly, most associated with tiny setule, posteroventral lobe low and broadly rounded; ischium with 4 groups of 1 or 2 short spines on anterior margin, without long setae; merus weakly expanded, 1.9 x as long as broad, anterior margin straight, posterior margin weakly convex bearing 7 isolated small spines of normal stoutness; carpus 2.3 x as long as broad, with number and strength of anterior spines normal, with 3 posterodistal spines of normal length and stoutness and no other posterior spines; propodus 4.6 x as long as broad, 1.4 x as long as carpus, with 9 acute spines (or pairs of spines) anteriorly, each spine with an accessory branch (except those of distal pair), without posterior spines; dactylus normally developed, curved, with long unguis, 0.36 x as long as propodus.</p><p>Epimeron 1: anteroventral corner subquadrate, slightly produced; posteroventral corner regularly rounded; ventral margin straight; posterior margin slightly convex.</p><p>Epimeron 2: anteroventral corner very broadly angular, posteroventral corner bluntly subquadrate; ventral margin slightly concave; posterior margin straight.</p><p>Epimeron 3: posteroventral corner regularly rounded; ventral and posterior margins slightly convex.</p><p>Urosomite 1 with a deep dorsal depression flanked on each side by lateral carina and followed by a prominent regularly rounded dorsal hump.</p><p>Uropod 1: peduncle 1.5 x as long as inner ramus, with 12 small stout lateral spines and 16 medium-sized slen- der spines; outer ramus almost as long as inner ramus, with 7 stout and medium-sized lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus with 3 lateral spines and 9 medial spines, all medium-sized.</p><p>Uropod 2: peduncle 1.2 x as long as inner ramus, with 7 small to very small stout lateral spines and 6 mediumsized slender spines (all spines on distal 0.3); outer ramus 0.9 x as long as inner ramus, with 10 stout and mediumsized lateral spines and no medial spines; inner ramus without notch, with 5 lateral spines and 10 medial spines, all medium-sized.</p><p>Uropod 3: peduncle ordinary, 0.78 x as long as outer ramus; outer ramus with article 1 with 6 lateral spines, 9 medial long plumose setae and distomedial spine, with article 2 0.13 x as long as article 1; inner ramus reaching 0.85 of article 1 of outer ramus, with 5 lateral spines, long plumose setae all along medial margin and 2 apical setae.</p><p>Telson: elongate, cleft for 0.57 of its length, each lobe with 1 apical spine paired with 1 small seta, dorsolateral spines.</p><p>Colour pattern. Unknown.</p><p>Size. 18 mm.</p><p>Distribution and depth range. Scotia Sea and Weddell Sea, 847–1943 m.</p><p>Biology. Carrion is part of the diet of the species since specimens were captured occasionally by means of fish traps, but it is not known if it is an obligatory or a facultative scavenger. The remarkably elongated gnathopod 1 (even more elongated than in P. coatsi and P. debroyeri) might suggest a specialized feeding behaviour.</p><p>Remarks. Pseudorchomene lophorachis is similar to P. coatsi and P. debroyeri but has the first gnathopod characterized by an elongated and slender ischium, merus and carpus, while only the ischium and carpus are elongate in the two other species. P. lophorachis bears rounded dorsal humps, which are absent in P. coatsi and P. debroyeri .</p><p>The holotype deposited at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences is identical to the illustrated specimens: it has small posterodorsal humps on body segments, coxa 1 is adz-shaped, and gnathopod 1 is immensely elongated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFF6FFF2FF56FD60DE7CFC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
03E687B2FFCEFFF6FF56FC1DDDB8FD10.text	03E687B2FFCEFFF6FF56FC1DDDB8FD10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorchomene plebs (Hurley 1965) Hurley 1965	<div><p>Pseudorchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965)</p><p>(Figs. 23–26)</p><p>Orchomenella plebs Hurley, 1965a: 109, figs. 1–2.</p><p>Orchomene plebs . — Thurston, 1974b: 59. — Andres, 1979: 96. — Andres, 1983: 203 -204. Abyssorchomene plebs . — De Broyer, 1983: 146 –149, fig. 12a. — Andres, 1990: 135, 137, fig. 267 — De Broyer et al., 2007: 161 (ubi syn.).</p><p>Type material. Not seen. " HOLOTYPE No. 112416 deposited in the U.S. National Museum, length 20 mm; also PARATYPES. PARATYPES also deposited in N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, Dominion Museum, and British Museum (Nat. Hist.). The material described is from Station A.32, "White Island, 15 Nov. 1961." (Hurley 1965a).</p><p>Material examined. Expedition ARC 94, sta. NA62, King George Island, Admiralty Bay, 62°08'S 58°27'W, 470 m, 29.xii.1963 – 02.i.1964: about 35 specimens, RBINS, INV. 100980 (2 tubes) — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XV/3 (EASIZ II), Atka Bay, sta. 280/284, Trap 13, 70°27.4'S 07°55.9'W, 550 m, baited trap, 28–29.ii.1998: 5 specimens, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: AP–31100710 (HM054000), RBINS, INV. 100956. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XIX–5 (LAMPOS), sta. 191–1, Saunders Island, 57°41'S 26°24’W, 270 m, baited trap, 15.iv.2002: 29 specimens, Specimen Ids with corresponding GenBank accession numbers: AP– SS270 (GU109258), AP–08100719 (HM053987), AP–08100722 (HM053988), AP–0506081 (HM053989), RBINS, INV. 100958 (5 tubes). —R/V “Ivan Papanin” cruise BELARE, Crown Bay, 70°S 23°E, 230 m, baited trap, December 2008, 10 specimens, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: AP–23110992 (JQ423245), RBINS, INV. 100960. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXIII/8, Larsen B, sta. 698–1, 65°59’S 60°24’W, 383 m, Amphipod Trap, 11–12.i.2007: 1 specimen, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: AP–LB383 (GU109233), RBINS, INV. 100959. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXIII/8, Larsen B, sta. 713–1, 65°06'S 60°46'W, 299 m, amphipod trap, 18–19.i.2007. 1 female, dissected and mounted on 12 slides in Euparal, RBINS, INV. 100989 /1-12.</p><p>Diagnosis. Eye dark brownish/reddish when alive. Somites of pereon and pleosome without posterior humps. Mandibular palp inserted just proximal to molar process. Molar process narrow. Gnathopod 1: basis, anterior margin straight, palm transverse, with basis 2.2 x, ischium 1.9 x, merus 1.5 x, carpus 0.8 x, propodus 1.8 x as long as wide. Gnathopod 2: carpus 2.6 x as long as wide. Pereopod 3: propodus with about 14 spines or pairs of spines (which are small). Pereopod 3–7: on propodus, broadest spine of each pair or triplet with tip acute to subacute. Coxa 4 angular posteroventrally. Pereopod 5: coxa as long as broad; posterior half of basis extremely expanded; merus with setae posteriorly and a few posterodistal fairly slender spines. Ratio length/width of merus of pereopods 5–7: 1.4; 1.7; 1.8. Ratio length/width of carpus of pereopods 5–7: 1.8; 2.3; 2.1. Posterodistal angle of carpus of pereopods 5–7 with spines of normal length and stoutness. Pereopod 7: carpus anterior margin normally spinose, posterior border of carpus and propodus with posterodistal spines only. Epimeron 3 posterior margin regularly rounded. Uropod 3 with medial margin of both rami with many long setae, inner ramus not reaching tip of article 1 of outer ramus.</p><p>Maximal length. Up to 25 mm (Dauby et al. 2001).</p><p>Distribution. Circum-Antarctic, as far north as South Orkneys and Macquarie, 0–2889 m (De Broyer et al. 2007; Havermans et al. 2011), mostly between 400–800 m (De Broyer et al. 2004).</p><p>Biology. "... collected by midwater trawls, indicating a bentho-pelagic way of life. Stomach and gut contents varied from one individual to another. Crustacean parts (eyes or ommatidia, appendages and chitinous plates) were frequent. Some individuals contained fragments of carrion (muscles), while others had ingested diatoms. It is worth noting that A. plebs is more commonly found in baited traps (from 1 to 98% of attracted amphipods) than A. rossi (only few specimens), which could indicate a preference for scavenging" (Dauby et al. 2001). While it is not an obligatory scavenger, P. p l e b s often enters baited traps in considerable swarms (hence the name of the species) (Fig. 26), sometimes of thousands of specimens (Rakusa-Suszczewski 1982; De Broyer &amp; Klages 1990; d'Udekem d'Acoz &amp; Robert 2008, Havermans &amp; Robert in press). Such swarms are able to devour fish carcasses in three days, leaving perfectly clean skeletons (Fig. 27).</p><p>Remarks. In Figure 2 of Hurley (1965a), the illustration labelled ‘epimeron 3’ is actually (left) epimeron 2 and that labelled ‘epimera 1–2’ shows (left) epimera 1 and 3. Coxa 4 of the same Hurley’s illustration does not look as angular posteriorly as in specimens studied herein.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFCEFFF6FF56FC1DDDB8FD10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
03E687B2FFCAFFFBFF56FA46DC2EF847.text	03E687B2FFCAFFFBFF56FA46DC2EF847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudorchomene rossi (Walker 1903) Walker 1903	<div><p>Pseudorchomene rossi (Walker, 1903)</p><p>(Figs. 28–30)</p><p>Orchomenopsis rossi Walker, 1903: 45, pl. 18–23.</p><p>Orchomenopsis chilensis f. rossi . — Schellenberg, 1926: 287 –290, fig. 26.</p><p>Orchomenella rossi . — Hurley, 1965b: 15, figs. 1–2.</p><p>Orchomene rossi . — Thurston, 1974b: 59 -60. — Andres, 1979: 96 -97. — Andres, 1983: 204 -205.</p><p>Abyssorchomene rossi . — De Broyer, 1983: 150 –152, fig. 12a, photos 4–9, 15–16. — Andres, 1990: 135, 137, fig. 266 — De Broyer et al., 2007: 162 (ubi syn.).</p><p>Type material. Not seen. "Cape Adare. Lat. 78°35'S; Feb. 18, 1900; near surface. Many specimens" (Walker 1903). According to Hurley (1965b), the SYNTYPES are deposited in the British Museum (current name: Natural History Museum, London).</p><p>Material examined. Expedition ARC 94, sta. NA62, King George Island, Admiralty Bay, 62°08'S 58°27'W, 470 m, 29.xii.1963 – 02.i.1964: 3 small (about 10 mm) specimens, RBINS, INV. 100983. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXIII/8, Larsen B, sta. 698–1, 65°59.99'S 60°24.90'W, 383–390 m, baited trap, 11–12.i.2007: 1 male dissected and 4 other specimens, RBINS, INV. 100981. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XV/3 (EASIZ II), Atka Bay, sta. 280/284, Trap 13, 70°27.4'S 07°55.9'W, 550 m, baited trap, 29.ii.1998: 1 specimen, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: AR–3110078 (HM054002), RBINS, INV. 100957. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT XXI–2 (BENDEX), Eastern Weddell Sea, sta. 288, 72°47.58’S 19°29.86’W, 847 m, Fish Trap, 31.xii.2003 – 03.i.2004: 1 specimen, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank Accession number: AR–1010076 (HM054001), RBINS, INV. 100973. — R/V “Polarstern” cruise ANT–XXIII/8, sta. 698–1, 65°59’S 60°24’W, 383 m, Larsen B, Amphipod Trap, 11–12.i.2007: 1 specimen, Specimen Id with corresponding GenBank accession number: AR– I19 (HM054003), RBINS, INV. 100982.</p><p>Type locality. Antarctica, Cape Adare, 78°35'S, no longitude given, near surface (Walker 1903).</p><p>Diagnosis. Eye black when alive. Somites of pereon and pleosome without posterior bumps. Mandibular palp inserted just proximal to molar process. Molar process narrow. Gnathopod 1: basis, anterior margin straight, palm transverse, basis 2.3 x, ischium 1.4 x, merus 1.4 x, carpus 0.9 x, propodus 1.8 x as long as wide. Gnathopod 2: carpus 3.8 x as long as wide. Pereopod 3: propodus with about 12 spines or pairs of small spines. Pereopod 3–7: on propodus, broadest spine of each pair or triplet with tip very blunt. Coxa 4 angular posteroventrally. Pereopod 5: coxa as long as broad; basis strongly expanded; merus posteriorly with short and stout spines only. Ratio length/ width of merus of pereopods 5–7: 1.2; 1.3; 1.3. Ratio length/width of carpus of pereopods 5–7: 1.3; 1.5; 1.7. Posterodistal angle of carpus of pereopods 5–7 with short and very stout spine(s). Pereopod 7: carpus, anterior margin normally spinose, posterior margin of carpus and propodus with postero-distal spines only. Epimeron 3 with large and very blunt tooth posterioventrally. Uropod 3: outer ramus medial margin without setae, inner ramus, medial margin with a few short setae, inner ramus reaching or overreaching tip of article 1 of outer ramus.</p><p>Maximal length. Up to 40 mm (Schellenberg 1926; Dauby et al. 2001).</p><p>Distribution. Circum-Antarctic, as far north as South Georgia (De Broyer et al. 2007), 7–1453 m (De Broyer et al. 2007) but mostly 200–600 m (De Broyer et al. 2004).</p><p>Biology. Occurs in water column as well as on benthic substrates (Dauby et al. 2001). Sometimes in large number under pack ice (Kaufmann et al. 1993, 1995). "Stomachs of benthic specimens were dominated by fluidish organic matter spotted with oily droplets, likely to be flesh at various stages of digestion; some other items are found, but in small quantity: sponge spicules, crustacean appendages and diatoms. Stomachs of pelagic individuals have a totally different content. While flesh was still present (about 25%), copepod remains formed the bulk (55%) of the diet; polychaete setae constitute a third, less common, item. The exact trophic position of A. rossi is unclear. Although an apparently selective copepod predator within the water column, it appears to be able to migrate down to the bottom to scavenge on different materials" (Dauby et al. 2001).</p><p>Remarks. In baited traps, P. rossi is sometimes found mixed with P. p l e b s, although this co-occurrence is rather infrequent (Thurston 1974b). The two species have the same general appearance, which can make their separation very time consuming in preserved samples. However, when live sorting, the species can be separated easily by eye colour: black in P. rossi, dark brown/reddish in P. p l e b s.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687B2FFCAFFFBFF56FA46DC2EF847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem;Havermans, Charlotte	D’Acoz, Cedric D’Udekem, Havermans, Charlotte (2012): Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae). Zootaxa 3310: 1-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281003
