identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E787FB6645FFE7FF022F532DE2FE4C.text	03E787FB6645FFE7FF022F532DE2FE4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oenides Mabille 1904	<div><p>Oenides Mabille, 1904</p><p>(Figs 1–5)</p><p>Oenides Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 178; type species - only included species: Oenides vulpina Felder — Draudt, 1924, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 992—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 94—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 101— Williams &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 223—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 367—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 320—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 39—Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 43—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.-Group &amp; Gen.-Group Nam., 2 nd ed., 4, p. 91— Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 40.</p><p>Type species. Hesperia vulpina C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867, designated by Mabille (1904) in Wytsman.</p><p>Diagnosis. Oenides is distinguished from the other Pericharina (Pericharini) genera by the combination of the following characters: FW with three separated apical hyaline spots in R 3 –M 1; FW male with white hyaline spots; HW with m-cu forming a right angle with CuA 1 (Fig. 2b). Male genitalia (Fig. 3) with the uncus bilobed, projected ventrally, with bifid tips; coecum of aedeagus slightly curved dorsally.</p><p>Redescription. Head: antenna ventrally yellow; nudum, 12–13 segments. Eyelash present. Eye, brown in some pinned specimens, but red when alive (Vélez-Estrada and Ríos-Málaver 2018).</p><p>Thorax: mesotibia and metatibia spined. FW with stigma grey and continuous between CuA 1 and 2A (Fig. 2a); recurring vein M; dcs present; distance between the origins of CuA 1 –CuA 2 wider than the origins of M 3 –CuA 1. HW with m-cu forming a right angle with CuA 1 (Fig. 2b).</p><p>Abdomen: male genitalia (Fig. 3) with tegumen longer than uncus; anterior projection of saccus shorter than uncus, ventrally rectangular in shape; lower portion of dorsal arm of saccus + ventral arm of tegumen straight; uncus bilobed, projected ventrally, with bifid tips; gnathos broader than uncus; valva with costa slightly convex; sacculus with setae; harpe with strong sclerotization, spined dorso-distally; fultura inferior with two tiny lateral projections; aedeagus longer than valva; coecum slightly curved dorsally. Female genitalia (Fig. 4) with lamella antevaginalis, arched laterally with dorsal projection triangle shaped dilated; ventrally in U-shaped, with a small median projection not covering the opening to the ostium bursae; lamella postvaginalis, laterally, with plates in triangle-shaped slightly convex distally; papilla analis almost rectangular; corpus bursae with no distinction between corpus and ductus.</p><p>Species included. Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867) .</p><p>Etymology. Not informed by the author.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787FB6645FFE7FF022F532DE2FE4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Redescription of Oenides Mabille, 1904 (Hesperiinae: Pericharini: Pericharina). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 595-600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.10
03E787FB6647FFE1FF022FBF2D3EFC70.text	03E787FB6647FFE1FF022FBF2D3EFC70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oenides vulpina (C. Felder & R. Felder 1867)	<div><p>Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867)</p><p>(Figs 1–5)</p><p>Hesperia vulpina C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867 . Reise Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2 (2), p. 514, pl. 72, figs 1, 2 (male d, v); male, Bogota, Nova Granada, [Colombia], Lindig leg.; collection Felder—Hewitson, 1870. Equat. Lep., p. 69— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 217—Plötz, 1882. Stett. ent. Ztg. 43: 333.</p><p>Carystus vulpina; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 592—Campos, 1927. Rev. Col. Nac. V. Rocafuerte, Guayaquil, 9 (27-28): 98—Dognin, 1887. Note Faune Lép. Loja, p. 15—Fassl, 1914. Ent. Rdsch. 31 (8): 45—Fassl, 1918. Ent. Rdsch. 35 (12): 48.</p><p>Oenides vulpina; Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 178—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 94— Draudt, 1924, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 992, pl. 190g (d, v)—William &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 223—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 367— Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 40— Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 51, 127, fig. 13 (genomic tree).</p><p>Alera vulpina; Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 260, pl. 71 (male gen.)—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 80, fig. 18 (d), p. 243—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 80, fig. 18 (d), p. 243—Smart, 1975. Enc. Butt. World, p. 113, fig. 66 (d)—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 126; 2, p. 2—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 199; 2, p. 2—Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 7, p. 6; 8, p. 239; 9, p. 3—Salazar &amp; Henao, 2000, in Parra, Vargas &amp; Tabares. Marip. Manizales, p. 115—Salazar &amp; Vargas, 2002. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 6: 31—Schmidt-Mumm; Schmidt &amp; Salazar, 2003. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 7: 87—O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 61, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A —O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 785—Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca &amp; Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 20—Ríos-Málaver, 2007. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 11: 288—González M. &amp; Andrade-C., 2008. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 32 (124): 430—Saura et al., 2013. Hereditas 150: 29; chromosomes—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 166, figs (v)— Vélez-Estrada &amp; Ríos-Málaver, 2018. Colombia, país de mariposas, p. 149, fig. (v), p. 164.</p><p>(no genus) vulpina; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 286.</p><p>Alera vulpine [sic]; Uehara, 2022. Butterflies 89: 28, fig. 76 (male, d, v).</p><p>Taxonomic history. Hesperia vulpina was described by C. Felder and R. Felder (1867) based on an unspecified number of specimens collected in Bogotá, Colombia. This species was transferred to Carystus Hübner, [1819] (Kirby 1871) and then to Oenides (Mabille 1904) . Evans (1955) treated Oenides as a junior synonym of Alera Mabille, 1891 . Based on genomic data, Cong et al. (2019) restored Oenides to include H. vulpina .</p><p>Etymology. Not informed by the author.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: 22 mm (♂), 25–26 mm (♀). DFW brownish with the base orange and seven white hyaline spots in discal cell, R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, R 5 –M 1, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A in male (Fig. 1a); stigma grey and continuous between CuA 1 and 2A (Fig. 2a); female DFW with one more hyaline spot below CuA 2 (Fig. 1c). Both sexes with a yellowish spot among the three apical hyaline spots and the single hyaline spot between M 3 and CuA 1. DHW brownish with orange colour from base to anal margin (Figs 1a, c). VFW brown, costal and apical margins ochraceous (Figs 1c, d). VHW brownish with a white longitudinal stripe (Figs 1c, d), in male this stripe extends from Sc+R 1 to CuA 2, while in female this stripe extends from costal margin to CuA 2; also, another white stripe in the anal margin, below the end of 3A. Male genitalia (Fig. 3) with the uncus bilobed, projected ventrally, with bifid tips; gnathos broader than uncus; coecum of aedeagus slightly curved dorsally. Female genitalia (Fig. 4) with lamella antevaginalis without median projection covering the opening of the ostium bursae.</p><p>Type material. Hesperia vulpina was described and illustrated by C. Felder and R. Felder (1867) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Bogotá, Colombia. One syntype male found at NHMUK, has the following labels: / Type / vulpina . n. / 35 Hesperia vulpina / Felder Coll N. / Rothschild Bequest B.M.1939-1. / BMNH (E) 1716982 /. Thus, in order to ensure its stability and the correct identification, this syntype is selected as lectotype by adding the following labels: / LECTOTYPUS/ Lectotype Hesperia vulpina C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2024 / .</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA — Cundinamarca, Bogotá, 1♀, OM 11.303 (OM) . VENEZUELA — Lara, Jiménez ( Cubiro), 200 m, 3-I-1954, 1♂, Yepez &amp; Rosales leg., OM 58.009 (OM) . ECUADOR — Tungurahua, ( Topo), 14-V-1992, 1♀, Büche leg., OM 35.996 (OM) ; Pichincha, Nanegalito (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.016666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.53333/lat -0.016666668)">Reserva Bella Vista Lodge</a>), 0°01’S, 78° 32’W, 2,100 m, VII-2017, 1♂, H. Thony leg., OM 86.774 (OM) ; Cotopaxi, ( Milimbanco), 3,900 m, IX-1971, 1♀, Lafebre leg., OM 58.027 (OM) . PERU — Cuzco, (Cosñipata Valley: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.566666/lat -13.116667)">Quebrada Morro Leguia</a>), 13°07’S, 71°34’W, 2,100 m, 5-IV-2016, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., OM 79.349 (OM) ; Amazonas, (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.833336/lat -5.7166667)">Oso Perdido</a>), 05°43’S, 77°50’W, 2,200 m, IX-2016, 1♀, J. Pintado leg., OM 83.725 (OM) .</p><p>Biology. Immatures stages and host plants are still unknown.</p><p>Geographical distribution. This species has been captured flying during the months of January, April, May, July, August, and September, ranging from 2,100 to 3,900 meters of altitude. Based on the collections examined and the literature, records of this species are as follows (Fig. 5)— Venezuela: Lara (OM). Colombia: Caldas (Ríos-Málaver 2008); Cundinamarca (OM; C. Felder and R. Felder 1867; Evans 1955); Nariño (Schmidt-mumm et al. 2003); Cauca (Warren et al. 2024). Ecuador: Cotopaxi (OM); Guayas (Williams and Hayward 1944); Loja (Williams and Hayward 1944); Manabí (Evans 1955); Pichincha (OM; Williams and Hayward 1944); Tungurahua (OM; Williams and Hayward 1944; Evans 1955); Pastaza (Williams and Hayward 1944; Evans 1955); Morona-Santiago (Warren et al. 2024). Peru: Cusco (DZUP); Amazonas (OM); Huánuco (Warren et al. 2024). Bolivia: Cochabamba and La Paz (Evans 1955).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787FB6647FFE1FF022FBF2D3EFC70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Redescription of Oenides Mabille, 1904 (Hesperiinae: Pericharini: Pericharina). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 595-600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.10
