identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E4878CFFAF331659C1FBC8BB580D69.text	03E4878CFFAF331659C1FBC8BB580D69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia Coquillett 1893	<div><p>EFFERIA Coquillet 1893</p><p>Efferia Coquillett 1893: 175 . Type species: Ef. candida Coquillett; Coquillett 1910: 536.</p><p>Nerax Hull 1962: 476 . Type species: Asilus aestuans Linnaeus (orig. des.).</p><p>Erax, of authors, not Scopoli.</p><p>Description. Black. Head: Gibbosity prominent; antennae entirely or mostly black setose, at most pale setae sparse; scape and flagellum twice as long as pedicel, style longer than 3 antennal segments combined; diameter of face at antennae and frons at ocellar tubercle only slightly wider than vertex at narrowest point; long ocellar setae black, usually</p><p>as long as scape, pedicel, and flagellum combined;</p><p>dorsal postoccipital bristles usually stout, black;</p><p>pronotal bristles usually present, black or pale;</p><p>proboscis entirely and occiput mostly pale setose.</p><p>Thorax: Scutum with wide longitudinal stripe and</p><p>2 lateral spots dark tomentose, stripe divided nar-</p><p>rowly; posterior dorsocentrals thinner and shorter</p><p>than lateral bristles. Halteres yellow or brown-</p><p>ish-yellow, knob darker, sometimes reddish. Wing:</p><p>Costal margin with or without dilation; surface</p><p>hyaline, pale yellowish, or brownish, darkest an-</p><p>teriorly. Veins usually reddish-brown or dark</p><p>Figure 4a. Ovipositor of Efferia bromleyi n. sp. 4b-4e. brown, basal veins pale, usually yellowish or red- Spermatheca of E. bromleyi n. sp., E. cubensis (Bromley), dish-yellow; costal cell brown medially; R 4 with or E. insula n. sp., and E. nigritarsis (Hine) . Abbreviations: without a recurrent vein basally (Fig. 2-3). Legs: tg8, tg9=tergites 8, 9; cer=cercus.</p><p>Coxae, trochanters, and femora usually black, setae mostly pale; bristles mostly or entirely black; tarsi reddish-black or black, bristles black. Abdomen: Male with wide sides of tergites 1-5 or 6 white tomentose, segments 6-7, sometimes 5-7, white tomentose; basal 3 segments with long erect pale setae laterally and ventrally.</p><p>Male terminalia (Fig. 5-38, 42-52): Epandrium 2-3 times longer than wide, black setose, sparse pale setae dorsally; phallus as long or slightly longer than gonostylus, flanges present anteriorly, often strongly reduced; aedeagus small, usually curved or angled 45-75 degrees, with 3 tubes of equal length. Gonostylus usually slender, hyaline apically, with narrow, thicker, somewhat sclerotized costa; abundant, sometimes dense, short, setulae present apically, often longer, thicker setulae along posteriorly margin; gonostylus with apex slightly expanded, usually asymmetrical, margin usually pointed, sometimes rounded or angular. Gonocoxite usually pointed apically, sometimes gradually tapered to apex or abruptly narrowed, contrastingly narrow beyond; setae usually long posteriorly, often dense, sometimes short and sparse. Female with wide sides of tergites 1-6, sometimes 7, white tomentose, brown with dark setae dorsally, usually abundant on tergites 5-7.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 4a): Ovipositor black, flat, usually without significant vestiture; spermathecal ducts confluent basally, fused just before base to form short common oviduct; spermathecae spherical or oval, usually slightly longer than wide, surface mostly brownish (Fig. 4b-4e).</p><p>Remarks. The following key is based mostly upon the structures of the male terminalia. The shapes of the epandrium, gonostylus, gonocoxite, and aedeagus, are the most valuable characters for identifying species (Wilcox 1966, Bullington and Lavigne 1984, Fisher in press). We recommend that the male terminalia be cleared in warm KOH to expose its parts and then compared with the illustrations in this paper. Females may be identified with the following key but should also be paired with males collected from the same location and date.</p><p>Species of the aestuans and staminea groups are distinguished by wing venation (Hine 1919, Wilcox 1966). In the staminea group, the fork of veins R 4 and R 5 occurs before the apex of cell d, and vein R 5 curves forward joining the costal above the wing apex. In the aestuans group, veins R 4 and R 5 fork beyond the apex of cell d, and vein R 5 curves posteriorly joining the costal below the wing apex (Fig. 2-3). Thus far all species except Ef. caymanensis (Scarbrough 1988) reported from the West Indies belong to the aestuans group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFAF331659C1FBC8BB580D69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFA0331B59C1FDC9B9E00DCE.text	03E4878CFFA0331B59C1FDC9B9E00DCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia bellardii Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert 2008	<div><p>Efferia bellardii n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 1, 5-7, 50</p><p>Description. Male. Body blackish, 14.7-15.0 mm; wing 10.6-10.8 mm. Head: Yellowish or yellowish-gray tomentose. Mystax mostly black medially, mixed with yellow setae, sparse black bristles along oral margin laterally. Palpi black setose on apical 1/3-1/2, yellowish basally. Proboscis yellowish setose. Antenna, frons, ocellar tubercle black setose; scape twice as long as pedicel; flagellum and style absent; face at antenna and frons at ocellar tubercle about same width. Ocellar setae longer than 3 antennal segments combined. Occiput yellowish-gray tomentose, yellowish setose; 5 black postocular bristles and sparse black setae dorsally.</p><p>Thorax: Black, mostly yellow tomentose, vestiture mostly black. Pronotal bristles all black or mixed yellow and black, as long as postocular bristles. Scutum yellow tomentose, yellowish-gray posteriorly; anterior setae as long as or slightly longer than scape and pedicel combined; lateral bristles stout, dorsocentrals thinner and shorter, longest posteriorly, acrostichal setae abundant, about as long as dorsocentrals posteriorly. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose, mostly or entirely black setose, sparse yellow setae mixed, longer than scape and pedicel combined; 6 thin marginal bristles, 2-3 slightly stout. Pleura mostly brownish-yellow tomentose, paler posteriorly; vestiture mostly black, mixed yellow and black, or sparse posteriorly. Halter dull brownish-yellow, knob sometimes darker.</p><p>Wing: Costal margin only slightly dilated; cells on apical 1/2 brownish, costal cell brown. R 4 slightly oblique, recurrent vein about as long as cell base. Crossvein r-m just before apical 1/4 of cell d.</p><p>Legs: Mostly yellow setose, dorsal 1/2-2/3 of femora black setose, metathoracic femora mostly Figure 5-7. Male terminalia of E. bellardi n. sp., lateral black setose ventrally, posteroventral bristles ab- views; 5. intact terminalia; 6. gonostylus; 7a-b. phallus sent; bristles black, 1-2 yellow. Tibiae yellow, nar- with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic flanges.</p><p>Abbreviations: Aedeagus= aed; apical process of row apex black, bristles black. Tarsi dark, red-</p><p>epandrium=ap; aedeagal tubes=prn; epandrium=epan; dish-black, bristles and dorsal setae black, dense</p><p>gonocoxite=gncx; phallic flange=fln; pygidium=pyg; ventral setae reddish-yellow or yellow. sternite 8=st8; tergite 9=tg9; thick, sclerotized area of</p><p>gonostylus=scl.</p><p>Abdomen: Wide sides of tergites 1-5, sternites 1-5, segments 6-7 white tomentose, tergites 1-5 brown dorsally; setae mostly yellowish, long on segments 1-3 and sternite 4; short, brown setae on tergites 4-5 dorsally, tergite 8; apical margins of sternites 7-8 white setose. Hypandrium dark brown.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 5-7): Black, mostly black setose. Epandrium twice as long as wide, wide apically with triangular posterodorsal flange. Gonostylus clavate apically, with pointed apex. Phallus narrow, flange small; aedeagus with dorsal prong longer than ventral tubes. Gonocoxite acuminate apically; setae long, dense.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Types. CUBA: S Diego d l [over-written in blue ink with ‘Ant’] / Banos [San Antonio de los Baños, Havana province] Cuba; [no date] (holotype m, USNM) . Paratypes: Cuba: / vic. of / Havana / T. Barbour (1 m, 1 f, USNM); Cuba / Gundl [Gundlach] ~ 15/44 ~ [terminalia glued to card] ~ Loew / Coll. ~ Erax rufitibia Macq. ~ Det S.W. Bromley - 1927 (1 m, MCZC) .</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Havana province; no collecting dates. Figure 8-10. Male terminalia of Efferia bromleyi n. sp.,</p><p>Etymology. The species name, bellardii, lateral views; 8. intact terminalia; 9. gonostylus; 10a-b. genitive case, recognizes the Italian dipterist Luigi phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic Bellardi for his contributions on the Neotropical flanges. asilid fauna.</p><p>Remark. Efferia bellardii runs to Ef. rufitibia in Bromley’s (1929) key. The mostly black vestiture of the mystax, palpi, antenna, frons, and ocellar tubercle, the black scutellar setae and 6 black marginal scutellar bristles, blackish tarsi, and characters of the male terminalia (Fig. 5-7) distinguish this species from congeners. The dilated costal margin, the long anterior scutal and scutellar setae, and the long, dense, black setae on the gonocoxite are diagnostic of the male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFA0331B59C1FDC9B9E00DCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFA1331D59C1FA89B9300F4E.text	03E4878CFFA1331D59C1FA89B9300F4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia bromleyi Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert 2008	<div><p>Efferia bromleyi n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 1, 2, 4b-c, 8-10</p><p>Description. Male. Body 18.0- 19.8 mm; wing 14.3-15.8 mm. Head: Black with yellowish-gray tomentum, mostly yellowish or whitish setose. Face gray tomentose laterally; usually 9-30 black bristles medially mixed with pale setae, sparse black bristles often present along oral margin laterally. Palpi mostly yellowish setose, usually 1-4 black setae at apex. Antennae mostly black, usually pedicel and style sometimes blackish-red or reddish. Frons yellowish and black setose or entirely black. Ocellar tubercle black setose. Postocular bristles usually black and stout, setae often black dorsally.</p><p>Thorax: Prothorax yellowish-gray or gray tomentose, white setose, bristles black or yellowish. Scutum brownish-yellow or yellowish-gray tomentose laterally, always paler posteriorly; postpronotal spot brownish-yellow tomentose; setae mostly black and short, anterior and lateral margins narrowly with white setae; anterior setae about as long as scape, setae longer posteriorly; bristles black, lateral bristles stout, dorsocentrals much thinner, seta-like. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose with long yellowish setae, sometimes mixed with sparse black setae, rarely entirely black setose; setae longer than scape and pedicel combined, as long as 2-3 seta-like marginal bristles, latter only slightly thicker than setae, usually yellowish, 1-2 black bristles present. Pleura brownish or brownish-yellow tomentose anteriorly, yellowish-gray posteriorly; setae mostly yellow, often blackish anteriorly and dorsally.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 2): Brownish, especially along veins; costal margin usually strongly dilated. Costal vein yellow setose basally; cell R 4 narrow, oblique basally, well beyond cell d; recurrent vein absent, if present then minute. Crossvein r-m just before apical 1/5 of cell d, 1/3 longer than CuA 1 +M 3.</p><p>Legs: Femora ventrally with reddish spot apically, sometimes yellowish-brown basally with color extending posteriorly or dorsally; setae mostly yellowish except black on dorsal 2/3 of prothoracic femora and apical 1/4-1/3 of mesothoracic and metathoracic femora; bristles mostly black, 3-4 yellowish bristles anteriorly. Tibiae yellowish, apex reddish-brown; bristles and scattered black, dense or long ventral setae yellowish. Prothoracic and mesothoracic tarsi yellow or brownish-yellow, apical tarsomeres darker brownish; metathoracic tarsi darker yellowish-brown or reddish-brown; bristles and dorsal setae black, dense ventral setae yellowish.</p><p>Abdomen: Black, wide side of tergites 1-5, sternites 1-5, and segments 6-7, sometimes apical 1/3 of tergite 5, white tomentose, 4 specimens with segments 4-7 entirely white tomentose; setae mostly white or pale yellow, setae long on segments 1-3, and apical margin of sternites 6-7; tergites 1-5 mostly brown tomentose dorsally, setae short, brown on tergites 2 or 3-5, and 8. Apical margin of sternite 7 slightly produced.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 8-10): Black, mostly black setose. Epandrium 3.0 times longer than wide, gradually narrowed dorsally above cercus, with large ear-like dorsal process, dorsal margin with flat, spur-like apex before shallow notch, often touching (V-shaped) or crossing (X-shaped) adjacent epandrial spur; anterior margin somewhat produce before spur. Gonostylus very narrow, only slightly wider apically, apex pointed. Phallus very slender, flanges only weakly produced, aedeagus hooked about 140 degrees, tubes long, thin, somewhat angular. Gonocoxite thin, membranous on apical 1/2-2/3, wide apically, usually slightly notched along apical margin anteriorly, setae black and dense.</p><p>Female. Body 17.5-19.9 mm, wing 13.1-15.6 mm. Head: Mystax with short, scattered setae; frons usually black setose; dorsal postocular bristles black or yellowish. Thorax: Pronotal bristles black. Scutum anterior setae short, about 1/2-2/3 as long as scape, median longitudinal stripe divided entirely with yellowish tomentum; 4 black dorsocentrals. Scutellum with 2 stout marginal bristles, usually yellow; setae usually yellowish, occasionally sparse black setae apically; setae usually about 1/2 as long as scape, those basally slightly longer. Wing: Vein R 4 not strongly oblique, recurrent vein as long as base of cell r 4. Crossvein r-m at apical 1/3 of cell d. Legs: Femora usually black with reddish apical spot ventrally, and narrow base sometimes reddish-yellow or brownish-yellow, pale color often extends to apical 1/3 dorsally on metathoracic femora. Femora with all ventral bristles stout, most yellow, anteroventral row of metathoracic femora with mostly blackish bristles, those basally yellow. Prothoracic femora with row of stout yellow bristles ventrally; base of mesothoracic femora with unusually stout, long, yellow bristles. Apices of tibiae and mesothoracic and metathoracic tarsi reddish-brown, prothoracic tarsi brownish-yellow, basal tarsomeres palest, sometimes appearing yellow, apical tarsomeres darkest. Abdomen: Mostly yellowishgray or gray tomentose, gray or brownish-gray in apical corners of tergites 2-4 extending slightly dorsally along apical margin; tergite 7 glossy black laterally, brown tomentose dorsally, sometimes tomentum extends along apical margin narrowly; setae short, mostly pale yellow or whitish; tergites 1-6 dark brown tomentose dorsally, usually with mostly brown setae on tergites 5-7 or 6-7, basal tergites sometimes with sparse brown setae. Terminalia: As long as apical 3 1/2 segments, 6.0- 6.3 mm at middle 1/10 as wide as long; cercus 1/4 as long as segment 9 (Fig. 4a); spermatheca oval, pale brownish apically, transparent basally (Fig. 4b).</p><p>Types. CUBA: Santiago (Las Vegas) [Havana province] / 10.iv.1926 Cuba ~ S.W. Bromley collection (holotype m, USNM). Paratypes, Camaguey, [Camaguey province] Cuba / Col. J. Acuna / 20. vii.1923 / Cubitas (1m, USNM); Central Jaronú / Cuba 20.v.1930 ~ TPRF / Ent. No. 3870 ~ taken on screen ~ L.C. Scaramuzza (1 f, MCZC); Jaronú Cuba / iii.13.31 ~ C.S.C. Ent. / no. 3990 ~ collected in soil [pupal case] ~ L.C. Scaramuzza (1 f, MCZC); Soledad [Cienfuegos province] Cuba / 8-vi-1925 / Geo. Salt ~ S.W. Bromley collection (1 f, USNM); Pasa Caballo, / L. V. Cuba / 22.vii.1956 / C. and P. Vaurie ~ Efferia stylata (Fab.) det. J. Wilcox ‘65 (3 f, AMNH); Pasa Caballo, / L. V. Cuba / 22.vii.1956 / C. and P. Vaurie ~ Efferia stylatus (Fab.) det. J. Wilcox ‘65 (? AMNH); Soledad Cuba / 8.vi.1925 / Geo. Salt ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (2 m, MCZC); same data except 20.vi.1925 Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC); same data except 4.v.1925 Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC); same data except 21.v.1925 (1 m, MCZC); Cuba [without specific location] [cicadellid prey], 2.v.1916 SCB ~ S.W. Bromley Collection ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley - 1927 (1 m, USNM); 6.xii.1905 ~ Est. Cent. / Agr. de Cuba / 7333 ~ Erax / fulvibarbis / Macq. (1 m, USNM); 1 ~ Cuba (1 m, MCZC); 44 ~ Cu ~ 103 ~ Loew Coll (1 m, MCZC); Cuba ~ Osten Sacken coll. ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC); Cu ~ 10 ~ Loew Coll. ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC); Cuba / Gundl [Gundlach]~ 15/44 ~ Erax stylata Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 f, MCZC); Cuba / Bohrn. ~ Loew Coll. ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC); square tag, top metallic colored ~ Loew coll. ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 f, MCZC); square tag, top metallic colored ~ Loew Coll. ~ stylatus (1 m, MCZC). [antennae absent], Los Gloria [Havana province] / Cuba / Acc. 381 ~ Carnegie Museum / specimen number / CMNH-307, 310 ~ Efferia / stylata / (Fabr.) (1 m, CMNH); 21.vi.1905 / Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ Efferia stylatus (Fab.) det. G.S. Forbes ‘88 (1 m, AMNH); 1 m, 5.i.1905 Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ n. sp. ~ Efferia stylatus (Fab.) det. G.S. Forbes ‘88 (AMNH); [antennae missing], 16.v.1905 ~ Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ Efferia stylatus (Fab.) det. G. S. Forbes ‘88 (1 f, AMNH); 6.v.1905 / Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook (1 m, AMNH); Cuba / vic. of / Havana / T. Barbour ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (3 m, MCZC); Havana / Cuba vi ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (3 m, 1 f, MCZC); Columbia Is. / de Pinos [Isla de la Juventud], Cuba / 9.ix.1928 /~ S.C. Bruner, / L Bouclé ~ Preying / on Cicada ~ S.W. Bromley collection (1 f, USNM); Banõs, S.[Santa] Clara [Villa Clara province] / Cuba, v.1918 / F-4300 ~ Erax stylatus Fab. Det. S.W. Bromley 1927 (1 m, MCZC); San Blas / Prov. Sta. Clara / Cuba 21.vii.1932 / Bates and Fairchild (1 f, MCZC); Soledad, Sta. Clara / Cuba 18.vi.1932 / Bates and Fairchild (1 f, MCZC); same data except 23.v.1932 (1 m, MCZC); same data except 2.vii.1932 (1 m, MCZC).</p><p>Other specimens examined. [ abdomen glued to card, terminalia mostly absent], vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook (1 f, AMNH) ; [left mesothoracic and right metathoracic leg, terminalia missing], 16.vi.1905 ~ Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ Efferia stylatus (Fab.) det. G.S. Forbes ‘88 (1 f, AMNH) ; [insect damage to thorax and abdomen, terminalia tip missing], 22.v.1905 ~ Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ Efferia stylata (Fab.) det. Gs Forbes ‘88 (1 f, AMNH) ; [mesothoracic tibia, mesothoracic tarsus, prothoracicand metathoracic legs missing], 16.vi.1905 ~ Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ Efferia stylata (Fab.) det. Gs Forbes ‘88 (1 f, AMNH) ; [antennae and terminalia tip missing], 25.v.1905 ~ Vicinity of Havana, / Cuba / Mel. T. Cook ~ Efferia stylatus (Fab.) det. Gs Forbes ‘88 (1 f, AMNH) ; 1 f [abdomen absent, scarabaeid prey] 12.vi.1926 / SCB (1 f, USNM); [style, flagellum, tip of terminalia absent], Habana / 6.vi.? Cuba ~ Palmer / and Riley (1 f, USNM); [apical 1/2 of abdomen missing], Havana / Cuba June ~ S.W. Bromley collection (1 m, USNM); (head glued, most of terminalia absent) , Est. Cent. / Agr. de Cuba / 7334 (1 f, USNM) ; [head missing]15/44 f, ~ Loew coll. (1 f, MCZC); [terminalia apex absent] Cuba / vic. of / Havana / T. Barbour ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (3 f, MCZC) ; [apical segments+genitalia missing] Cuba ~ Osten Sacken coll. ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC) ; m, 15/44 ~ Erax stylatus Fabr. Det. S.W. Bromley (1 m, MCZC) .</p><p>Etymology. The species name, bromleyi, genitive case, recognizes the American dipterist S.W. Bromley for his extensive contributions on the New World asilid fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Camaguey, Cienfuegos, Havana, Villa Clara, and Isla de la Juventud provinces; February-July.</p><p>Remark. In addition to the characters in the key, the male of Ef. bromleyi is distinguished by the brown wing, costal margin strongly dilated, absence of a recurrent r 4 vein, the thin seta-like dorsocentral bristles, the yellowish prothoracic tarsi, and the combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 4a-4b, 8-10), especially the large dorsal process with an apical spur and small notch, and the membranous gonocoxite. In addition, the scutellar setae are longer than the scape and pedicel combined, and are as long as the 2- 3 marginal bristles. The latter are only slightly thicker than the scutellar setae. The female is recognized by the stout yellow bristles below the femora and the 2 stout yellow marginal scutellar bristles. Efferia bromleyi will key to Ef. stylata in Bromley’s key (1929).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFA1331D59C1FA89B9300F4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFA7331F59C1F909BF620C2E.text	03E4878CFFA7331F59C1F909BF620C2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia brunnescens (Bromley 1929)	<div><p>Efferia brunnescens (Bromley)</p><p>Fig. 1, 11-13</p><p>Erax brunnescens Bromley, 1929: 22 .</p><p>Nerax brunnescens (Bromley), Hull 1962: 478. Combination.</p><p>Efferia brunnescens (Bromley), Martin and Papavero, 1970: 63. Combination, catalogue.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Body 15.5-16.1 mm, wing 12.5-12.9 mm. Head: Black. Tomentum dull yellowish-gray or brownish-yellow; bristles and setae mostly pale yellowish. Mystax pale yellowish with 3-9 black bristles dorsally; face at antennae and frons at ocellar tubercle only slightly wider than vertex. Palpi pale yellowish setose, 1-2 black setae sometimes present apically. Antennae mostly or entirely black setose, sometimes scape with sparse pale yellowish setae. Frons entirely pale setose or mixed pale yellowish and black setose. Ocellar tubercle setae and 4 postocular bristles black; 2 ocellar setae about as long as scape, pedicel, and flagellum combined. Sparse black postocular bristles dorsally.</p><p>Thorax: Mostly pale yellowish or brownish-yel-</p><p>low tomentose. Pronotum with mostly pale yellowish vestiture, sometimes 1 bristle black. Scutum with mostly black vestiture, sparse pale setae laterally, anterior setae thin, about 2/3 as long as scape; lateral bristles long, stout; dorsocentrals thinner and shorter than lateral bristles, seta-like, 1-2 slightly bristly. Scutellum mostly or entirely black setose, pale setae sometimes laterally; setae about as long as scape and pedicel combined and 3/ Figure 11-13. Male terminalia of Efferia brunnescens 4 as long as marginal bristles; 2-5 black marginal (Bromley), lateral views; 11. intact terminalia; 12. bristles present, usually 1-2 lateral bristles thin- gonostylus; 13a-b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal ner than median bristles. Pleura mostly black se- tubes, and phallic flanges. tose anteriorly, pale posteriorly. Halter knob dull brownish-yellow, stalk pale yellow.</p><p>Wing: Costal margin only slightly dilated, sometimes only costal vein thick; cells pale yellowish,</p><p>costal cell brown, r 1 and r 2+3 cells usually brown ribbed. Cell r 4 unusually narrow basally, R 4 recurrent vein as long as diameter of cell r 4 basally. Crossvein r-m at or beyond apical 2/5 of d; slightly longer than CuA 1.</p><p>Legs: Coxae grayish tomentose, vestiture pale. Femora with reddish spot ventroapical, setae mostly</p><p>pale except sparse black setae on femora apically; bristles mostly black, 1-2 pale bristles on basal 1/3 of middle and metathoracic femora. Tibiae brownish-yellow or reddish, narrow apex black, setae mostly yellow or whitish, bristles black. Tarsi reddish, becoming reddish-black or black apically; bristles black, dense ventral setae pale yellowish or orange.</p><p>Abdomen: Reddish-brown, black basally; wide sides of tergites 1-5 and sternites 1-5 pale brownish-</p><p>gray or yellowish-gray tomentose, pale tomentum extends dorsally along apical margin on tergites 1-4 or 2-4; tergites 2 pale brownish-gray or yellowish-brown tomentose dorsally, becoming darker on 3-5, each darker medially, sometimes tomentum narrowly dark brown medially; segments 6-7 white tomentose, 8 reddish-brown; setae dull whitish and long on segments 1-3, short and brown on tergites 2-5 and 8 dorsally; apical margins of sternites 7-8 with long yellowish setae.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 11-13): Blackish or blackish-red, mostly black setose. Epandrium 2-2.5 times as</p><p>long as wide, with minute anteroapical notch and posterior flange. Gonostylus narrow, asymmetrically pointed apically, with minute setulae. Phallus apically with slightly produced flange, aedeagal tubes angled 85-90 degrees. Gonocoxite abruptly narrowed apically, unusually narrow anteriorly, setal fringe black and thin, longer basally than apically, sometimes with sparse white setae laterally.</p><p>Female. Body 16.5 mm; wing 11.3 mm. Head: Mystax with 6 black bristles dorsally; palpi entirely pale setose; frons black and whitish setose; ocellar tubercle setae about 2/3 as long as scape; 2 postocular bristles black. Thorax: Anterior setae bristly, short, about 1/2 as long as scape. Scutellum and pleura yellow setose, scutellar setae as long as scape. Legs: Metathoracic femora with mostly yellow bristles</p><p>ventrally, apical 2-4 anteroventral bristles black. Abdomen: Pale yellowish-gray tomentose, narrow brown streak medially on tergites 2-7, pale on tergite 2, color becoming darker on succeeding tergites, brown tomentum widens to small median spot on 6 and larger diagonal spot on dorsal 1/2 of 7; tergites 2 medially, 3-7 mostly brown setose dorsally; whitish setae on most tergites laterally and sternites entirely, longest on basal 3 segments. Terminalia: Mostly blackish, as long as apical 4 segments, 4.0 mm, middle width 1/8-1/10 as long terminalia; cercus 1/2 as long as tergite 9.</p><p>Types examined. CUBA: Guantánamo, at light / Cuba 10.v.1917 / C.T. Ramsden (holotype m, USNM) . Paratypes: [style and flagella absent, left middle and metathoracic legs, terminalia glued to card], Guantánamo Cuba / 3.vi.1917 / C.T. Ramsden (allotype f, USNM) ; [head glued to thorax, left prothoracic leg absent], Guantánamo Cuba / 3.vi.1917 / C.T. Ramsden (1 m, USNM) .</p><p>Other material examined. C. Baraguá [Ciego de Ávila province] Cuba / L.C. Scaramuzza / vi-21-39 (1 f, USNM); Havana / Figure 14-16. Male terminalia of Efferia caudex (Walker), Cuba / 1935 ~ Efferia / sp. det. GS Forbes (1 m, 2 lateral views; 14. intact terminalia; 15. gonostylus; 16af, AMNH). b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Guantánamo, Ciego de flanges. Ávila, Havana provinces; May-June.</p><p>Remark. The pale brownish-gray or yellowish-gray tomentose body, pale straw-colored setae, black postocular, scutellar, and metathoracic femoral bristles, narrow median black tomentose line on the abdominal tergites [females, sometimes males], and combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 11-13) distinguish Ef. brunnescens from similar congeners. Efferia brunnescens is separated from Ef. insula and Ef. pina by the slightly dilated costal margin of the wing, mostly black ventral bristles on the metathoracic femora, and combined characters of the male terminalia, especially the apex of the epandrium, the narrow apical 1/3 and thin setae of the gonostylus, and shapes of the phallus and aedeagus. Lastly, the gonostylus of Ef. brunnescens is narrow whereas that of Ef. pina is abruptly wider basally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFA7331F59C1F909BF620C2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFA5331F59C1FAE9B8460E6E.text	03E4878CFFA5331F59C1FAE9B8460E6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia caudex (Walker 1849)	<div><p>Efferia caudex (Walker)</p><p>Fig. 1, 14-16</p><p>Asilus caudex Walker 1849: 404 .</p><p>Erax caudex (Walker), Aldrich 1905: 276. Combination; Kertész 1909: 234. Catalogue.</p><p>Nerax stylatus (Fabricius), Hull 1962: 478. Combination. Listed Er. caudex a synonym of Er. stylatus .</p><p>Efferia caudex (Walker), Farr 1965: 30. Combination, male terminalia illustrated; Martin and Papavero</p><p>1970: 64. Catalogue.</p><p>Efferia invarius (Walker), Farr 1965: 31. Syn.</p><p>Specimen examined. Jamaica W.I. / St. Morant Bay Rd. / 14 ½ mi. E. of / Kingston / 13.v.1961 / T.H. Farr ~ Efferia / caudex (Walker) / Det. 1965 / T.H. Farr (1 m, USNM; 1 m, 1 f, IJSM).</p><p>Distribution. Jamaica; May.</p><p>Remark. Efferia caudex is distinguished from congeners by the characters in the key and combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 14-16). It is distinguished from the Jamaican Ef. gossei and Ef. haloesa by its large body (16.0-20.0 mm), dilated costal margin, the shape of the gonostylus, and short, thin gonocoxal setae (Fig. 14-16).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFA5331F59C1FAE9B8460E6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFBA330059C1FF69BF500B4E.text	03E4878CFFBA330059C1FF69BF500B4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia caymanensis Scarbrough 1988	<div><p>Efferia caymanensis Scarbrough</p><p>Fig. 1, 2, 17</p><p>Efferia caymanensis Scarbrough 1988: 150 .</p><p>Types examined. CAYMAN ISLANDS: Grand Cayman BWI / E. Foldmans Bay / 27.ii.1970 / E.J. Gerberg (holotype m, USNM) . Paratypes: Grand Cayman BWI / Boatswain Point / Lime Tree Estate / 16.ii.1985, E.J. Gerberg (allotype f, USNM) ; same data as allotype except 27.ii.1987; Grand Cayman BWI / Vicksville / NW Pt. 17.viii.1975 / E.J. Gerberg (2 f, USNM, EJGC) .</p><p>Distribution. Grand Cayman Island; February and August.</p><p>Remark. Efferia caymanensis is readily distinguished by the red color of the body, wing venation, dense parted setae on tergites 2-4, and male terminalia, especially the small truncate apical process on the epandrium and the narrow style-like gonocoxite (Fig. 17, re-illustrated from Scarbrough 1988). This is the only species of Efferia in West Indies that belongs to the staminea group (see Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFBA330059C1FF69BF500B4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFBA330159C1FD09BBDE0CEE.text	03E4878CFFBA330159C1FD09BBDE0CEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia cazieri (Curran 1953)	<div><p>Efferia cazieri (Curran)</p><p>Fig. 1, 18-20</p><p>Erax cazieri Curran, 1953: 5-6 .</p><p>Nerax cazieri (Curran), Hull 1962: 478. Combination.</p><p>Efferia cazieri (Curran), Martin and Papavero 1970: 64. Combination, catalogue.</p><p>Types examined. BAHAMAS: South Bimini Isl. (holotype m, AMNH). Paratypes: same locality and collectors as holotype (allotype f, 3 m, 2 f, AMNH); South Bimini Isl. / Bahamas B.W.I./ 2- 9.viii.1951 / C. and P. Vaurie ~ Paratype / Erax / cazieri / Curran ~ Efferia / cazieri / (Curran) / Det. C.H. Martin ~ Charles H. Martin / donation to / FSCA (1 m, FSCA); South Bimini Isl. / Bahamas B.W.I./ vi.1951 / C. and P. Vaurie ~ Paratype / Erax / cazieri / Curran ~ Efferia / cazieri / (Curran) / Det. C.H. Martin ~ Charles H. Martin / donation to / FSCA (1 f, FSCA); same data South Bimini Isl. / Bahamas B.W.I./ vi.1951 / C. and P. Vaurie ~ Paratype / Erax / cazieri / Curran ~ Efferia / cazieri / (Curran) / Det. C.H. Martin ~ Charles H. Martin / donation to / FSCA (2 f, FSCA); same data as holotype except 10.vi.1950 / Cazier and Rindge (1 f, FSCA).</p><p>Other specimens examined. Grand</p><p>Bahama Isl. / West End / 12.v.1953 ~ Van Voast -</p><p>A.M.N.H. / Bahama Isls. Exped. / Coll. L. Govannoli</p><p>~ cazieri ~ donation to / FSCA (1 f, FSCA); Gover-</p><p>nors Harbor / Eleuthera I. / 4.viii.1972 T.E. Rogers</p><p>~ Efferia / cazieri Curran / det. J.Wilcox (1m,</p><p>FSCA); San Salvador Island, 9.vi.1978, coll. N .</p><p>Elliott (1 m, USNM); same location except, CCFL</p><p>Base, 16.vi.1978, coll. N. Elliott (1 f, USNM); same</p><p>location except, Jake Jones Rd., 9.vi.1978, coll. N.</p><p>Elliott (1 f, USNM); same location except, Dump,</p><p>9.vi.1978, coll. N. Elliott (1 m, USNM); same loca-</p><p>tion except, 28.iii.1978, coll. N. Elliott (1 m,</p><p>USNM); same location except, Dump, 4.iv.1982,</p><p>coll. N. Elliott (1 f, USNM); same location except,</p><p>Jake Jones Rd., 6.vii.1982, coll. N. Elliott; (2 f,</p><p>USNM); same location except, CCFL Base,</p><p>7.vi.1978, coll. P. Salbert (1 f, USNM); same loca-</p><p>tion except, Dump, 8.vi.1978, coll. P. Salbert (1 f,</p><p>USNM); same location except, Rd. East Beach</p><p>13.vi.1981, coll. H. Oestreicher (1 f, USNM); same</p><p>location except, Rd. S. CCFL, 16.vi.1981, coll. D. Figure 17. Male terminalia of Efferia caymanensis Davidson (1 f, USNM); same location except, scrub Scarbrough, lateral view; 17. intact terminalia. growth, CCFL, 16.vi.1981, coll. R. Rutkauskas (1</p><p>m, USNM); same location except, CCFL,</p><p>9.vi.1978, coll. A.G. Scarbrough (1 f, USNM); same</p><p>location except, Sandy Point, 15.vi.1978, coll. A.G.</p><p>Scarbrough (1 f, USNM); same location except,</p><p>CCFL, 30.v.-6.vi.1979, coll. A.G. Scarbrough (2</p><p>m, 3 f, USNM); same location except, Fields S.</p><p>CCFL, 28.v-4.vi.1980, coll. A.G. Scarbrough (3 m,</p><p>6 f, USNM); same location except, Rd. S. CCFL,</p><p>6.vi.1980, coll. A.G. Scarbrough (1 m, USNM);</p><p>same location except, 4-8.vi.1981, coll. A.G.</p><p>Scarbrough (1 m, 2 f, USNM); same location ex-</p><p>cept, Rd. N CCFL, 13.v.1981, coll. A.G.</p><p>Scarbrough (2 m, USNM); same location except,</p><p>Dump Beach dirt road, 11.vi.1981, coll. A.G.</p><p>Scarbrough (1 m, USNM); same location except,</p><p>Pigeon Creek, 14.vi.1981, coll. A.G. Scarbrough</p><p>(1 m, USNM).</p><p>Distribution. BAHAMAS, Eleuthera, Grand</p><p>Bahama, San Salvador, and South Bimini islands;</p><p>May-August.</p><p>Remark. Efferia cazieri is distinguished from</p><p>congeners by the characters in the key and the</p><p>combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 18-</p><p>20). It is similar to E. vauriei but is distinguish</p><p>Figure 18-20. Male terminalia of Efferia cazieri (Curran), from the latter by the slightly dilated wing, thin</p><p>lateral views; 18. intact terminalia; 19. gonostylus; 20ablack scutellar bristles, and combined characters b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic of the terminalia. Also, the anterior scutal setae flanges.</p><p>are about as long as the scape, and the pale apices</p><p>of the femora are sometimes helpful in diagnosing</p><p>the species. The female is further distinguished by the black setose and mostly glossy tergite 7 (sparse brown tomentum dorsally) and the narrow terminalia, at middle about 1/9 as wide as long, about 1/3 as long as the abdomen. See comments below.</p><p>Island variations are apparently common in the species. For example, the palpi of Bimini types of Ef. cazieri are white setose with only a few black setae at the apex; the scutellum in both sexes range from a few to numerous black setae. The femora are entirely black. In the San Salvador Island series, the apical 1/3-1/2 of the palpi are black setose. The apical 1/3 of the femora, sometimes dorsum and narrow base of the hind femora are reddish or yellowish-brown. In females, tergite 7 is mostly dense tomentose, brown dorsally and grayish laterally. Only minute differences in the male terminalia were found between the Bimini and San Salvador series. Thus island populations are most readily separated on the bases of the male terminalia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFBA330159C1FD09BBDE0CEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFBB330359C1F9A9B81A0BEE.text	03E4878CFFBB330359C1F9A9B81A0BEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia cubensis (Bromley 1929)	<div><p>Efferia cubensis (Bromley)</p><p>Fig. 1, 4c, 21-23</p><p>Erax cubensis Bromley, 1929: 292 .</p><p>Nerax cubensis (Bromley), Hull 1962: 478. Combination.</p><p>Efferia cubensis (Bromley), Martin and Papavero, 1970: 64. Combination, catalogue.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Black, gray tomentose with black vestiture. Body 10.6-11.9 mm, wing 8.8-9.4 mm. Head: Mystax black, sparse white setae dorsally and along oral margin ventrally. Palpi entirely or mostly black setose, base ventrally sometimes whitish setose. Proboscis white setose. Antennae and frons mostly black setose, latter sometimes mostly white setose. Face at antennae 1/2 as wide as compound eye.</p><p>Ocellar setae longer than basal 3 antennal segments combined. Occiput gray tomentose, white setose, 4-5 thin, black, postocular bristles dorsally.</p><p>Thorax: Black, mostly black vestiture.</p><p>Pronotum mostly and scutum anteriorly yellowish or golden-yellow tomentose; pronotum pale whitish setose. Scutum yellowish-gray tomentose posteriorly; anterior scutal setae as long as pedicel and scape combined; bristles black, dorsocentrals posteriorly thinner and shorter than lateral bristles. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose, setae white, as long as pedicel and scape; 4 black marginal bristles. Pleura brownish tomentose anteriorly, more yellowish posteriorly; setae mostly black. Halter knob brownish, stalk pale yellow.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, slightly yellowish; veins pale,</p><p>mostly yellowish-brown. Costal dilation absent. R 4 recurrent vein shorter than cell base. Base of cell r 4+5 just beyond cell d.</p><p>Legs: Coxae and trochanters black, vestiture</p><p>pale. Femora black, anterior bristles pale yellowish, ventral bristles mostly black; metathoracic femora with 3-5 posteroventral black bristles. Tibiae yellow or yellowish-brown, apex brown; bristles black, dense setae orangish-yellow. Tarsi Figure 21-23. Male terminalia of Efferia cubensis yellowish-brown, bristles and setae black dorsally; (Bromley), lateral views; 21. intact terminalia; 22. dense setae orangish-yellow ventrally. gonostylus; 23a-b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal</p><p>Abdomen: Black; wide sides of tergites 1-4, seg- tubes, and phallic flanges.</p><p>ments 5-7 entirely, white tomentose with white setae; long, erect setae on basal 3 segments; tergites 2-4 mostly blackish tomentose dorsally, black setose medially on tergite 2, mostly blackish setose on 3-4; segment 8 blackish, row of sparse blackish or whitish setae apically.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 21-23): Pale reddish, mostly black setose. Epandrium narrow basally, wider apically,</p><p>about 3 times as long as wide. Gonostylus spatulate, wide apically, dorsal margin oblique with apex anterior; surface with abundant stout setulae. Phallus erect and thick, without usual constriction before aedeagus and distinct aedeagal flanges; aedeagus in vertical position, not angled perpendicular to vertical axis. Gonocoxite short with apex at or just before middle of epandrium; abruptly narrowed just before apex, apex short and pointed; setae blackish, long and dense basally, becoming increasingly shorter and less abundant posteriorly; sparse whitish setae bordering black basally.</p><p>Female. Body 10.3-11.5 mm; wing 8.3-8.9 mm. Head: Frons black setose. Face with mostly black vestiture, white on ventral 1/4 medially. Palpi mostly black setose, basal 1/3-1/2 mixed or entirely white setose. Thorax: Scutellum with 3-5 stout black bristles, 2-3 additional weaker, usually pale, bristles laterally. Pleura sometimes mostly yellow setose. Legs: Metathoracic femora with 3-5 black anteroventral bristles. Tibiae and tarsomeres mostly yellow, apices narrowly brown or brownish-yellow. Abdomen: Wide lateral margins of tergites and sternites 1-7 entirely pale tomentose, with whitish setae; tergites brown tomentose dorsally; tergites 5-7 brown setose dorsally. Terminalia: Wide basally, gradually narrowed from base apex, 3.6-4.1 mm, as long as or subequal in length to tergites 4-7; at middle 1/8.5-1/10.8 as wide as long. Cercus 1/3 as long as tergite 9. Spermathecae elongate, oval, 1/3 longer than wide, base narrow, sides gradually widening apically with greatest diameter at apical 2/3 (Fig. 4c).</p><p>Types examined. CUBA: Soledad [Cienfuegos province] Cuba / 21.vi.1925 / J.C. Myers (holotype m, MCZC); Soledad Cuba / 6.iv.1926 / Dr. J. Bequaert (allotype f, MCZC) .</p><p>Others specimens examined. CUBA: 22.iv.1931 / Soledad / Cienfuegos [province] / d. Acuña ~ S.W.Bromley Collection (1 m, USNM); [no data, abdomen absent] S.W.Bromley Collection (1 f, USNM) ;</p><p>251 F ~ Loew Coll ~ S.W. Bromley Collection ~ Det. Erax cubensis Brom. (1 f, USNM); Cayamas [Cayería, Las Cayamas Keys; Havana province] / 2.3 Cuba ~ A.E. Schwarz Collection (1 f, USNM).</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Cienfuegos and Havana provinces; April-June.</p><p>Remark. Efferia cubensis is distinguished from congeners by the small body (10-12 mm), the abundant black vestiture of the face, palpi, and bristles of the femora, the long anterior scutal setae, and the combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 4c, 21-23). The male is further distinguished by the 3 entirely white tomentose abdominal segments, the undilated costal margin of the wing, and reddish terminalia. The female is distinguished by the entirely tomentose segment 7 and the elongated oval spermathecae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFBB330359C1F9A9B81A0BEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB9330359C1FCA9BFF40CAE.text	03E4878CFFB9330359C1FCA9BFF40CAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia gossei Farr 1965	<div><p>Efferia gossei Farr</p><p>Fig. 1, 24-26</p><p>Efferia gossei Farr, 1965: 31 . Martin and Papavero</p><p>1970: 65. Catalogue.</p><p>Figure 24-26. Male terminalia of Efferia grossei Farr,</p><p>lateral views; 24. intact terminalia; 25. gonostylus; 26a- Type examined. JAMAICA W.I. / St. Tho- b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic mas / Morant Point / Rd. 8.v.1964 / T.H. Farr flanges .</p><p>(holotype m, allotype f, BMNH). Paratypes,</p><p>same data as holotype except 20.iv.1958 (1 m ab-</p><p>domen absent; 1 f abdomen absent, USNM); same data as holotype except 30.iii.1956 (1 m, USNM); same data as holotype except 14.v.1960 / TH Farr (1 f, USNM); Jamaica W.I. / St. Thomas / Morant Bay / Rd. 15.v.1960 / T.H. Farr ~ PARATYPE Efferia / gossei / Farr (2m, USNM) .</p><p>Distribution. Jamaica; March-August.</p><p>Remark. Efferia gossei is distinguished by the characters in the key and the combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 24-26). Additionally, the apical margin of the wing in males is evenly contoured, not dilated, the apical margin of sternite 8 is produced, the anterior margin of gonocoxite is thumb-like apically, and the gonocoxal setae are short, slightly denser ventrally than dorsally. The dark brown or black femora will further separate both sexes from those of Ef. caudex and Ef. haloesa . The female is distinguished by the anterior scutal setae being less than the length of scape, black setae and 4-5 black marginal bristles of the scutellum, black femora, glossy black tergite 7, and the long terminalia, 6.3 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB9330359C1FCA9BFF40CAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB9330459C1FA69BB6208AE.text	03E4878CFFB9330459C1FA69BB6208AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia haloesa (Walker 1849)	<div><p>Efferia haloesa (Walker)</p><p>Fig. 1, 27-29</p><p>Asilus haloesus Walker, 1849: 405 .</p><p>Erax haloesus, Johnson 1894: 279; 1919: 274; Aldrich 1905: 276; Kertész 1909: 237; Hine 1919:130.</p><p>Erax halaeosus, Gowdey 1926: 77 . Spelling error.</p><p>Nerax haloesus, Hull 1962: 478 . Combination.</p><p>Efferia haloesus, Farr 1965: 478 . Combination, male terminalia illustrated; Martin and Papavero 1970:</p><p>65. Catalogue.</p><p>Specimens examined. JAMAICA: (holotype m, BMNH); W.I. / St. Thomas / Morant Bay Rd / 14 ½ mi E. of Kingston 22.v.1960 / T.H. Farr ~ Efferia / haloesus (Walker) / det. 1965 T.H. Farr (1 m, terminalia absent USNM; 2 m, 2 f, IJSM). Distribution. Jamaica; May.</p><p>Remark. Efferia haloesa is distinguished by</p><p>the characters in the key and the combined char-</p><p>acters of the terminalia (Fig. 27-29, reillustrated</p><p>from Farr 1965), especially the somewhat pointed</p><p>apex of the epandrium, long relatively dense setae</p><p>of the gonocoxite, and wide abruptly angular</p><p>aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB9330459C1FA69BB6208AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFBE330459C1FE69B93C0E6E.text	03E4878CFFBE330459C1FE69B93C0E6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia hinei Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert 2008	<div><p>Efferia hinei n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 1, 30-32</p><p>Description. Male. Black, mostly white tomentose, white setose. Body, 13.1 mm; wing 11.8 mm. Head: Mystax white, 1 black bristle dorsally; frons at ocellar tubercle only slightly wider than vertex. Face at antennae 4/5 as wide as one eye. Palpi white setose, only 1-2 black setae apically. Antennae and frons mostly black setose, scape and frons with sparse white setae. Ocellar setae longer than 3 antennal segments combined; 4-5 black Figure 27-29. Male terminalia of Efferia haloesa postocular bristles dorsally. (Walker), lateral views; 27. intact terminalia; 28.</p><p>gonostylus; 29. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes,</p><p>Thorax: Mostly golden yellow tomentose dor-</p><p>and phallic flange. sally, prescutellum yellowish-gray. Pronotal vestiture whitish. Scutal setae and bristles black, anterior setae about as long as scape; dorsocentrals mostly thin, slightly shorter than lateral bristles. Scutellum gray tomentose, setae whitish, as long as scape and pedicel combined, 2 stout marginal bristles, 1white, 1 black. Pleura yellowish-gray anteriorly, more grayish posteriorly, white setose.</p><p>Wing: Slightly yellowish, costal cell brown medially; costal margin almost straight, swollen or very</p><p>weakly dilated. Crossvein r-m beyond apical 1/3 of cell d. Vein R 4 angular, well beyond apex of cell d; recurrent vein shorter than cell r 4 base.</p><p>Legs: Vestiture mostly whitish, narrow apex of femora black setose, bristles black; metathoracic</p><p>femora with 7 black anteroventral bristles. Tibiae brownish-yellow, bristles black, dense setae reddish. Tarsi blackish-red with black setae and bristles.</p><p>Abdomen: mostly gray tomentose, whitish or pale yellowish setose, long on basal 3 segments, erect on</p><p>1-3; tergites 2-4 mostly brown tomentose dorsally, blackish setose medially on 2 and most of 3-4; segment 5 mostly and segments 6-7 entirely white tomentose, tergite 5 dorsally with small brown triangular spot basally; segment 8 black, brown setae, setae especially long along apical margin of sternite 8.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 30-32): Black, mostly black setose. Epandrium narrow, tapered apically, apex about</p><p>1/3 its middle width, dorsal process somewhat squared posteriorly with minute projections more anteriorly; 3 times longer than wide. Gonostylus slightly angular apically, with minute setulae. Phallus stout, flanges only slightly produced, aedeagal tubes oblique, about 60 degrees. Gonocoxite abruptly narrowed at basal 1/3, blade-like with width on apical 3/4 more or less uniform, apex round; setae long, moderately dense.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Type. CUBA: Rio Seco / San Carlos Est. ~ Guantánamo [province] Cuba / 4.vii.1915, CT Ramsden ~ id.error, Erax portoricensis Hine ~ SW Bromley Coll. (holotype m, USNM) .</p><p>Etymology. The species name, hinei, genitive case, is in recognition of the significant contributions of the American dipterist J. H. Hine.</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 1). Cuba, Guantánamo province; July.</p><p>Remark. Bromley (1929) mistakenly reported Ef. hinei as Erax [= Efferia] portoricensis Hine, a Puerto Rican species. It is distinguished from Ef. portoricensis and Cuban congeners by the mostly white face and palpi, the 2 stout marginal scutellar bristles, the 3 white tomentose abdominal segments, and the combined characters of the male terminalia (Fig. 30-32).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFBE330459C1FE69B93C0E6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFBF330659C1FF69B9110C2E.text	03E4878CFFBF330659C1FF69B9110C2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia insula Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert 2008	<div><p>Efferia insula n. sp.</p><p>Fig.1, 4d, 33-35</p><p>Description. Male. Body black, 16.3-17.6 mm, wing 11.0- 11.1 mm. Head: Yellowish-gray tomentose, mostly yellowish vestiture. Mystax with 3-6 stout black bristles just below antennae. Palpi and proboscis entirely yellowish setose. Flagellum and pedicel narrowly brownish-yellow basally; scape sparsely yellow setose ventrally. Frons mixed black and yellowish setose. Ocellar tubercle black setose, 2 setae as long as scape. Occiput with stout postocular bristles dorsally, 3-5 black.</p><p>Thorax: Yellow or yellowish-gray tomentose.</p><p>Pronotal vestiture yellowish, bristles stout. Scutum blackish, postalar and immediate area reddish; yellow tomentose anteriorly, yellowish-gray laterally, grayish posteriorly; vestiture black, setae bristly, anterior scutal setae about 1/2 as long as scape; lateral bristles stout, long; 2-3 posterior dorsocentrals about as stout as lateral bristles. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose, mostly yellow mixed with black or mostly black setose, setae as long as scape; 2-3 stout marginal bristles, usually black, one reddish. Pleura yellowish-gray tomentose, vestiture mostly yellowish, anepisternum usually brownish posteriorly. Halter knob reddish, shaft dull yellow. Figure 30-32. Male terminalia of Efferia hinei n. sp.,</p><p>Wing: Costal dilation absent; cells yellowish, lateral views; 30. intact terminalia; 31. gonostylus; 32a-</p><p>costal cell brownish-yellow; costa yellowish setose b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic basally; veins reddish or brownish-red. Cell r 4 ob- flanges. lique, just beyond cell d; recurrent vein absent or at most 1/2 diameter of cell basally. Crossvein r-m near apical 1/3 of cell d, slightly longer than Cu+A 1.</p><p>Legs: Mostly pale yellowish setae and bristles; femora with sparse black setae apically; metathoracic</p><p>femora with usually 1-2 black bristles ventrally and dorsoapically. Tibiae yellow, narrow apices blackish, 1 basal and usually 2-3 black bristles apically. Tarsi reddish or blackish-red, tarsomeres progressively dark with apical tarsomere darkest; prothoracic tarsi palest; setae and bristles black except 4 yellow bristles on prothoracic and mesothoracic tarsi, metathoracic tarsi sometimes with 1-2 yellow bristles.</p><p>Abdomen: Black basally, reddish apically. Tergites 2-5 mostly brownish or blackish tomentose dor-</p><p>sally, apical 1/4 yellowish. Tergite 1 and wide sides and apical corners of 2-5 yellowish-gray tomentose, long, yellowish setae on tergites 1-3 laterally. Tergites 2-3 with sparse brown setae medially, 4-5 and 8 brown setose dorsally. Sternites 1-7 white tomentose, white setose; setae long and erect on sternites 1-3; setae much shorter beyond except moderately long along apical margin of sternites 7-8.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 33-35): Reddish or blackish-red, black setose, slightly swollen apically, about 1/3</p><p>wider than middle. Epandrium twice as long as wide, notched dorsally, large flange dorsoposteriorly. Gonostylus pointed apically, slightly wider preapically; setulae simple, short, only slightly longer posteriorly. Phallus slender laterally, flange narrow, not strongly produced; aedeagus minute, angled about 90 degrees. Gonocoxite short, apex just before apical 1/3, gradually tapered on apical 1/2 to pointed apex anteriorly; setae moderately dense, long posteriorly, shorter ventrally.</p><p>Female. Body 14.1-17.9 mm; wing 10.6-10.8 mm. Head: Scape entirely, frons mostly black setose; 4 black postocular bristles dorsally. Thorax: Anterior scutal setae about 1/2 as long as scape. Scutellum mostly yellow setose, sparse black setae, setae about a long as scape; 2 stout, black marginal bristles; anepisternum and katepisternum golden-yellow tomentose; pleura with setae yellow. Wing: Vein R 4 recurrent vein longer than cell basally. Legs: Femoral bristles yellow, 1 black bristle on metathoracic</p><p>femora ventrally. Prothoracic and mesothoracic</p><p>tarsi with 4 yellow bristles. Abdomen: Tergites 1-</p><p>7 mostly brown tomentose dorsally, wide sides and</p><p>apical margins yellowish-gray or yellow tomentose,</p><p>setae mostly yellow, sparse black medially on terg-</p><p>ites 2-4, mostly black setae beyond. Sternites 1-7</p><p>yellowish-gray or whitish tomentose, whitish or</p><p>yellowish setose, setae long, erect on 1-3.</p><p>Terminalia: Black, base slightly reddish dorsally,</p><p>4.0 mm, about a long as segments 5-7, at middle</p><p>1/8 as wide as long; cercus slightly less than 1/2</p><p>as long as tergite 9. Spermatheca oval, only slightly</p><p>longer than wide (Fig. 4d).</p><p>Types. CUBA: Cuba: W.I. / Camaguey</p><p>[province] / Oct’42 / D. G. Hall (holotype m,</p><p>USNM). Paratypes: 29.x.1929 / P. D. Saunders</p><p>~ S.W. Bromley collection (1 m, USNM); 28.x.1929</p><p>/ P.D. Saunders ~ S.W. Bromley collection (1 m,</p><p>USNM); 29.x.1929 / P.D. Saunders ~ Soledad</p><p>[Cienfuegos province] Cuba ~ S.W. Bromley</p><p>collection (1 f, USNM); Ocujal coast / South of Tur-</p><p>/ quino Pk. [Santiago de Cuba province] Cuba</p><p>~ 10-29.vi.1936 / J. Acuña (1 m, 1 f, USNM);</p><p>Vilches Potrero / Soledad Cienfuegos / Cuba</p><p>9.ix.1930 / Richard Dow ~ Erax rufitibia Macq.</p><p>Figure 33-35. Male terminalia of Efferia insula n. sp., Det. S.W. Bromley 1932 (1 m, MCZC).</p><p>lateral views; 33. intact terminalia; 34. gonostylus; 35a-</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Camaguey, Cienfuegos, b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic Santiago de Cuba provinces; October-November. flanges.</p><p>Etymology. Latin insula, genitive, ‘an island’,</p><p>referring to the type locality, Cuba .</p><p>Remark. Efferia insula is distinguished by the characters in the key and combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 33-35). Additionally, it is further distinguished from Ef. brunnescens in the entirely pale setae of the palpi, shorter ocellar and scutellar setae, latter being about as long as scape, entirely or mostly pale bristles below the femora, and 1-4 yellow bristles on the tarsi. Thus far females are indistinguishable from those of Ef. brunnescens and Ef. pina .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFBF330659C1FF69B9110C2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFBC330759C1FAE9BFF40E2E.text	03E4878CFFBC330759C1FAE9BFF40E2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia nigritarsis (Hine 1919)	<div><p>Efferia nigritarsis (Hine)</p><p>Fig. 1, 4e, 36-38</p><p>Erax nigritarsis Hine 1919: 128 .</p><p>Nerax nigritarsis (Hine), Hull 1962: 478. Combination.</p><p>Efferia nigritarsis (Hine), Martin and Papavero 1970: 66. Combination.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Body 15.8 mm, wing 11.9 mm. Head: Face, frons, vertex yellowish-gray or gray tomentose; vestiture whitish, at most a slight tint of yellow; mystax with 1-6 black bristles medially. Face at antennae 2/3 as wide as eye. Palpi mostly white setose, usually black setae on apical 1/4. Proboscis white setose. Antennae black, black setose, sparse whitish setae below pedicel. Frons whitish setose. Ocellar tubercle with 2 black setae as long as 3 antennal segments combined. Occiput grayish tomentose, whitish setose, dorsal postocular bristles pale yellowish.</p><p>Thorax: Scutum brown median stripe and 2 spots laterally, yellow tomentose, prescutellum yellowish-gray; vestiture black, sparse yellow setae laterally, setae abundant, anterior scutal setae subequal in length to scape; dorsocentrals thin posteriorly, 5-6 per row; lateral bristles thick. Scutellum pale yellowish or whitish setose dorsally, as long as scape; 5-6 pale yellowish, marginal bristles, one of these thin. Pleura yellowish tomentose anteriorly, yellowishgray posteriorly, setae yellowish. Halter stalk yellow, knob reddish. Wing: Hyaline, costal cell brownish. Costal margin slightly dilated, sometimes costa vein straight, only thick; Crossvein r-m longer than CuA 1 +M 3, just before or at apical 1/4 of cell d. Cell r 1+2 beyond apex of cell d, base narrow; R 4 recurrent vein short or absent, about 1/5 or less than diameter of cell r 4 basally. Legs: Coxae, trochanter, and femora black, coxae whitish tomentose with whitish vestiture. Femora mostly pale yellow or whitish setose, black dorsoapically, setae long, abundant below prothoracic and mesothoracic femora; 4-5 bristles on mesothoracic femora and 2-3 anteroventral bristles on metathoracic femora black, anterior bristles mostly creamy white. Tibiae mostly yellow, apices black; bristles black. Tarsi reddish-black, tarsomeres pale basally, metathoracic tarsus entirely blackish; bristles and setae black. Abdomen: Segments 6-7 white tomentose, tergites brownish dorsally, wide sides brownish- Figure 36-38. Male terminalia of Efferia nigritarsis</p><p>(Hine), lateral views; 36. intact terminalia; 37. gray; setae mostly whitish or yellowish on basal 3</p><p>gonostylus; 38a-b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, tergites; sternites 1-7 gray tomentose, setae white, and phallic flanges. erect, long on basal 3 sternites, much shorter posteriorly; sternite 8 produced apically with unusually dense black setae. Terminalia (Fig. 36-38): Black, black setose. Epandrium twice as long as wide, apex wide, somewhat truncate in dry specimens, apical margin narrowly membranous. Gonostylus narrow, apex capitate. Phallus with moderate flanges, margins gradually sloped; aedeagus abruptly angled 90 degrees. Gonocoxite abruptly narrowed apically, apex Figure 39. Female terminalia of Efferia pilosula</p><p>(Bromley), lateral view. acuminate; setae dense, longer posteriorly than ventrally. Female. Body 12.9 mm; wing 9.6 mm. Head: Mystax with 2-11 black bristles dorsally; face 1/2 as wide as eye. Apical 1/3 of palpi black setose; frons mostly pale, 2-3 setae and postocular bristles black. Thorax: Scutellum with 5 marginal bristles, 1 black; setae slightly shorter than scape. Wing: Recurrent vein about as long as diameter of cell r 4 base. Halter yellow. Abdomen: Sternites 1-6 and wide sides of tergites 1-6 gray tomentose, pale setose; tergites brown tomentose dorsally, tergite 7 glossy, tomentum sparse; tergites 3-7 and apical 1/2 of sternite 7 blackish setose. Terminalia: At middle 1/9.5 as wide as long; cercus 1/2 as long as tergite 9. Spermatheca slightly longer than wide (Fig. 4e). Types examined. CUBA: Holguín [Holguín province] / 19.xii.1904 (holotype m, OSUC 0186802). Paratype: Holguín / 19.xii.1904 ~ Allotype [red label] (f, 0SUC 0186799). Other material examined. Holguín /?. v. 1905 (m, OSUC 0186801). Distribution. Cuba, Holguín province; April, December. Remark. In addition to the characters in the key, Ef. nigritarsis is distinguished from congeners by the pale scutellar setae and bristles, somewhat truncate membranous apical margin of the epandrium, strongly capitate gonostylus, abruptly apically narrowed gonocoxite, and produced sternite 8 (Fig. 36-38) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFBC330759C1FAE9BFF40E2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB2330859C1FF69BEEE0E09.text	03E4878CFFB2330859C1FF69BEEE0E09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia pilosula (Bromley 1929)	<div><p>Efferia pilosula (Bromley)</p><p>Fig. 1, 39</p><p>Erax pilosulus Bromley, 1929: 292 .</p><p>Nerax pilosulus (Bromley), Hull 1962: 478. Com-</p><p>bination</p><p>Efferia pilosula (Bromley), Martin and Papavero,</p><p>1970: 67. Combination, catalogue.</p><p>Redescription. Female. Black; body 19.4 mm, wing 14.1 mm. Head: Mystax black; face yellow tomentose dorsally, yellowish-gray ventrally. Palpi, antennae, frons, and ocellar tubercle black setose. Proboscis white setose. Antennae with scape or flagellum twice as long as pedicel; 3 antennal segments as long as style. Frons brownish-yellow; vertex above ocellar tubercle only slightly narrower than face at antennae or frons at ocellar tubercle. Ocellar setae as long as 3 antennal segments combined. Occiput yellowish-gray dorsally, gray ventrally; setae mostly white, black dorsally, black postocular setae extend to mid-lateral margin of head; 4-5 thin, black postocular bristles dorsally.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum yellow or brownish-yellow Figure 40-42. Male terminalia of Efferia pina n. sp,</p><p>tomentose, setae mostly black, bristles absent. lateral views; 40. intact terminalia; 41. gonostylus; 42a- Scutum brownish-yellow anteriorly, yellowish- b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic gray posteriorly; vestiture black, anterior setae flanges. as long as scape and pedicel combined; dorsocentrals seta-like, long posteriorly; lateral bristles thicker and longer. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose, black setose, as long as or slightly longer than scape; 10-12 long, thin, black marginal bristles. Pleura brownish-yellow or yellow tomentose; vestiture mostly black. Halter knob reddish, stalk pale yellow.</p><p>Wing: Brownish, especially dark bordering veins; costal cell darker brown.</p><p>Legs: Coxae mixed black and white setose. Femora mostly black setose, setae yellow posteriorly and</p><p>ventrally; bristles black. Tibiae mostly pale reddish-yellow, black apically; bristles and long setae black; dense, short, reddish-yellow setae on tibiae and tarsi ventrally. Tarsi black or reddish-black, bristles and setae black dorsally.</p><p>Abdomen: Tergites 1-7 brown tomentose with brown setae dorsally, wide sides white tomentose with</p><p>short white setae, setae longer and yellowish on basal 3 tergites; sternites 1-7 mostly white tomentose with short, white, erect setae, those on basal 3-4 sternites longer; sternite 7 mostly black setose, long setae apically.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 39): Black, 6.3 mm; at middle 1/12 as wide as long, longer that segments 5-7; base</p><p>with dense black setae ventrally; cercus about 1/3 as long as segment 9.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Type examined. CUBA: Sierra Maestra [Santiago de Cuba province] Cuba / 10.vii.1922 / C.H. Ballou y / SC Bruner / 107C-13FOM / Palma Mocha (holotype f, USNM) .</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Santiago de Cuba province; July.</p><p>Remark. The large body [19 mm]; mostly or entirely black vestiture of the head and thorax; long ocellar, anterior scutal and scutellar setae; 10-12 thin black marginal bristles; prothoracic and mesothoracic coxae mixed black and white setose, and terminalia longer than segments 5-7 and wide base ventrally with dense tuft of black setae (Fig. 39) distinguish E. pilosula from congeners.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB2330859C1FF69BEEE0E09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB3330A59C1FF69BB44080E.text	03E4878CFFB3330A59C1FF69BB44080E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia pina Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert 2008	<div><p>Efferia pina n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 1, 40-42</p><p>Description. Male. Body 14.6 mm, wing 9.0 mm. Head: Yellowish or yellowish-gray tomentose, vestiture yellow. Mystax, palpi, and proboscis vestiture entirely yellowish; frons and postocular bristles mostly yellow, 1-2 bristles or setae black. Antennae black, black setose except sparse yellow setae below scape. Ocellar setae as long as scape and pedicel combined. Occiput yellowish-gray tomentose, white setose ventrally.</p><p>Thorax: Yellowish or brownish-gray tomentose.</p><p>Pronotum with yellowish vestiture. Scutum grayish tomentose posteriorly; mostly black vestiture, sparse yellow setae posteriorly; 1 lateral and 2 dorsocentral bristles sometimes yellow; lateral bristles long, stout; 7-9 dorsocentrals thinner, shorter than lateral bristles. Scutellum yellowishgray or gray tomentose; setae yellow, usually shorter than scape; marginal bristles yellow, 2 thick. Pleura yellowish-gray or gray tomentose, Figure 43-45. Male terminalia of Efferia vauriei</p><p>(Curran), lateral views; 43. intact terminalia; 44. vestiture yellow. Halter knob dull brownish, stalk</p><p>gonostylus; 45a-b. phallus with aedeagus, aedeagal brownish-yellow.</p><p>tubes, and phallic flanges.</p><p>Wing: Costal margin straight, without dila-</p><p>tion, surface slightly brownish; costal vein yellow setose basally. R 4 recurrent vein about as long as cell base. Crossvein r-m at apical 1/4 of cell d.</p><p>Legs: Bristles and setae yellow except sparse black setae on femora apically; metathoracic femora</p><p>with 2-3 yellow posteroventral bristles basally. Tibiae brownish-yellow, narrow apex black, vestiture mostly yellow, apical bristles black. Tarsi reddish basally, becoming reddish-black or black apically; bristles mostly black, 1 yellow bristle on prothoracic tarsi; dense yellowish setae ventrally.</p><p>Abdomen: Reddish-brown, wide sides of tergites 1-6, tergite 7 and sternites 1-7, white tomentose</p><p>entirely, white extends dorsally along apical margin on tergites 1-5; tergites 1-6 brown tomentose dorsally. Setae mostly yellowish, long on sides of tergites 1-3 and sternites 1-3; sparse, short, brown setae on tergites 2-6 and 8 dorsally; tergite 8 whitish setose laterally and sternites 6-7 apically.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 40-42): Reddish, mostly black setose. Epandrium twice as long as wide, squared</p><p>apically, with thin flanges dorsally and notch dorsoposteriorly. Gonostylus narrow, apex broadly rounded. Phallic flanges produced, angular dorsally; aedeagus angled at 90 degrees. Gonocoxite anteriorly narrowed on apical 1/3, apex pointed, setae long, moderately dense. Female. Body 14.0- 14.1mm; wing 9.5-10.8 mm. Head: Mystax mostly yellow, 5-6 black bristles dorsally; frons mostly black setose; postocular bristles yellow. Thorax: Anterior scutal setae about as long as pedicel; 2 lateral and 2 dorsocentral bristles yellow. Wing: Crossvein r-m just beyond middle of cell d.</p><p>Legs: Tarsi with only black bristles. Abdomen: Tergites 1-7 mostly brown tomentose dorsally, wide sides</p><p>and apical margin of 3-6 yellowish tomentose, mostly yellow setose, tergites 2-3 or 4 brown setose medially, mostly brown on 5-7 dorsally; sternites 1-7 yellowish, setae whitish or yellowish, long on sternites 1- 3, shorter beyond. Terminalia: Black, slightly shorter than apical 3 segments, 3.2 mm, at middle 1/6.5 as wide as long. Types. CUBA: Sta. [Santa] Fé, Is. de / Pinos [Isla de la Juventud], Cuba / 6.ix.1928 ~ C.S. Bruner, Y.L. Brouclé ~ S.W. Bromley collection (holotype m, USNM) . Paratypes: Columbia, Is. / de Pinos [Isla de la Juventud], Cuba / 7.ix.1928 ~ CS Bruner, Y.L. Brouclé (1 f, USNM) ; Zaza d. Media / Cuba (2 f, AMNH) . Etymology. Latin pina, genitive, refers to the former name of the type locality, Isla de Pinos. Distribution. Cuba, Isla de la Juventud; September .</p><p>Remark. Efferia pina is distinguished from</p><p>congeners by the characters in the key and the</p><p>combined characters of the male terminalia (Fig.</p><p>40-42).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB3330A59C1FF69BB44080E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB0330A59C1FEC9BBC00CAE.text	03E4878CFFB0330A59C1FEC9BBC00CAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia vauriei (Curran 1953)	<div><p>Efferia vauriei (Curran)</p><p>Fig. 1, 43-45</p><p>Erax vauriei Curran, 1953: 5 .</p><p>Nerax vauriei (Curran), Hull 1962: 478. Combi-</p><p>nation.</p><p>Efferia vauriei (Curran), Martin and Papavero</p><p>1970: 66. Combination, catalogue.</p><p>Types examined. BAHAMAS, South</p><p>Bimini Isl. / v.1951 C. and P. Vaurie (holotype</p><p>m, AMNH). Paratypes: same data as holotype</p><p>except vi-viii.1951 (allotype f, 10 m, 12 f, AMNH);</p><p>same data as holotype (1 m, FSCA); same data as</p><p>holotype except vii.1951 (1 m, FSCA); South Bimini</p><p>Isl. / Bahamas B.W.I. / 10.vi.1950 / Cazier &amp;</p><p>Rindge (1 f, FSCA); same data except vi.1951 ~</p><p>P.&amp;C. Vaurie / collectors (1 f, FSCA).</p><p>Other specimens examined. BAHAMAS:</p><p>Stranger Cay, 14.vii.? ~ Erax rufitibia Macq.</p><p>Figure 46-48. Male terminalia of Efferia vinalensis n. misidentified’ ~ Erax fortis Wk. ‘misidentified ~</p><p>sp., lateral views; 46. intact terminalia; 47a-b. gonostylus Efferia vauriei (Curran) / dt. A. Scarbrough 07’ (1</p><p>apically and basally; 48a-b. phallus with aedeagus, m, 0186797, OSUC); Erax rufitibia / Macq. / aedeagal tubes, and phallic flanges.</p><p>Stranger Cay / vii.1914 (1 m, MCZC); Fortune</p><p>Island / (or Long Cay) / nr. Albert Town /</p><p>7.iii.1953 ~ Van Vost A.M.N.H. / Bahama Isls. Exped. / coll. L. Giovannoli ~ vauriei (1 m, FSCA).</p><p>Distribution. BAHAMAS, South and East Bimini Islands, Stranger Cay, Fortune Island; June- August.</p><p>Remark. Efferia vauriei is distinguished by the characters in the key and the combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 43-45). It is further distinguished by the several long setae along the apical margin of sternite 8, the tooth-like process along the posterior margin of the epandrium [concealed in lateral view], and the dense orange-yellow setae on the inner surface of the gonocoxite. The seventh segment of the female is black with thin brown tomentum dorsally and black setae; at middle, the terminalia is about 1/ 9 as wide as long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB0330A59C1FEC9BBC00CAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB0330B59C1FA69BEF20F2E.text	03E4878CFFB0330B59C1FA69BEF20F2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia vinalensis Scarbrough & Perez-Gelabert 2008	<div><p>Efferia vinalensis n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 1, 46-48</p><p>Description. Male. Body 14.9 mm, wing 10.3 mm. Head: Yellowish or yellowish-gray tomentose with yellow vestiture. Antennae brown to black, black setose except sparse yellow setae below scape. Ocellar setae black, 2 slightly longer than scape and pedicel combined. Occiput yellowish-gray tomentose with yellow setae; postocular bristles yellow.</p><p>Thorax: Yellowish-gray tomentose. Pronotum vestiture yellowish. Scutal vestiture mostly black, sparse yellow setae laterally, anterior setae as long as scape; lateral bristles mostly black, 2-3 yellow; 8-9 black dorsocentrals bristles with first 2 before transverse suture, bristles shorter and thinner than lateral bristles, longest-thicker bristles posteriorly. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose; setae yellow, about 1/2- 2/3 as long as scape; 6-7 yellow marginal bristles, 4 thick with lateral bristles thinner and shorter. Pleura yellowish-gray or gray tomentose, vestiture yellow. Halter knob dull brown, stalk yellow.</p><p>Wing: Yellow, costal cell brownish medially;</p><p>costal margin straight, not dilated; costal vein yellow setae basally. Cell r 4 just beyond cell d, base narrow with R 4 recurrent vein about as long as diameter of cell basally. Crossvein r-m at apical 1/ 4 of d, slightly shorter than CuA 1.</p><p>Legs: Bristles and setae yellow except sparsely</p><p>black on femora apically; coxae yellowish-gray tomentose. Tibiae yellow, narrow apex black, vestiture mostly yellow, apical bristles black. Tarsi red to blackish-red, paler basally, becoming darker apically; bristles mostly black, prothoracic and mesothoracic tarsi with 6-7 and metathoracic tarsi with 1-2 yellow bristles laterally; setae yellowish.</p><p>Abdomen: Mostly yellowish-gray tomentose</p><p>and yellowish setae; tergites 1-5 and 7 and basal 1/2 of 6 brown tomentose. Segments 1-3 with long setae, much shorter elsewhere; brown setae on tergites 2-5 and 8 dorsally; tergite 8 laterally and sternites 6-7 apically whitish setose.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 46-48): Reddish, mostly black</p><p>setose. Epandrium twice as long as wide, squared apically, with thin flanges dorsally. Gonostylus narrow, asymmetrically pointed apically, base abruptly wider; shaft posteriorly with long spinules. Phallus abruptly narrow apically with produced Figure 49-51. Male terminalia of Efferia sp. A, lateral evenly contoured flanges produced, aedeagus angled views; 49. intact terminalia; 50. gonostylus; 51a-b. phallus at 90 degrees. Gonocoxite unusually narrow with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic flanges. apically, setae long and dense.</p><p>Female. Body 16.5 mm; wing 11.3 mm. Head: Mystax and frons with 1-2 black bristles or setae.</p><p>Thorax: Scutum with anterior setae less than length of scape; 3-4 lateral bristles yellow. Abdomen:</p><p>Tergites 1-6 brown tomentose dorsally, wide sides and sternites 1-6 grayish tomentose; setae whitish or yellowish, long on sternites 1-3, brown medially on tergite 6, dorsally on 7, narrow sides of latter brown tomentose, yellow setose. Terminalia: Black, narrow beyond base, as long as apical 3 1/2 segments, 4.8 mm, at middle 1/9 as wide as long.</p><p>Types. CUBA: Cuba 24 K[m]. S. of Vinales [Sierra de los Organos mountains, Pinar del Rio province] / 16-22.ix.1913 ~ Erax nigritarsis / Hine (1 m, AMNH). Cuba 12 1/2 K[m] / S. of Pinar Rio [Pinar del Rio province] / 12-23.ix.1913 (1 f, AMNH) .</p><p>Etymology. The species name, vinalensis, refers to Viñales Valley, the type locality.</p><p>Distribution. Cuba, Pinar del Rio province; September.</p><p>Remark. Efferia vinalensis keys to the couplet containing Ef. nigritarsis (Hine) in Bromley’s key (1929) but is distinguished from that species by the yellow vestiture of the face, the 2-3 yellow lateral bristles on the scutum, and the combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 46-48).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB0330B59C1FA69BEF20F2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB6330C59C1FF69BB720B4E.text	03E4878CFFB6330C59C1FF69BB720B4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia undefined-a	<div><p>Efferia species A</p><p>Fig. 1, 49-51</p><p>Material examined. Cuba: Santiago de / Las</p><p>Vegas [Havana province] / Cuba / 14.v.1920 /</p><p>S.C. Bruner (1 m, USNM).</p><p>Remark. Efferia species A is essentially iden-</p><p>tical to Ef. bromleyi and Ef. species B in general</p><p>body characters but is distinguished from them</p><p>by the combined characters of the male terminalia</p><p>(Fig. 49-51), especially the apical shapes of the</p><p>epandrium and gonocoxite, and the long ventral</p><p>gonocoxal setae which become decreasingly shorter</p><p>apically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB6330C59C1FF69BB720B4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
03E4878CFFB6330C59C1FD09BFC20D4E.text	03E4878CFFB6330C59C1FD09BFC20D4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Efferia undefined-b	<div><p>Efferia species B</p><p>Fig. 1, 52-54</p><p>Material examined. CUBA: Cuba (2 m, USNM) .</p><p>Remark. Efferia species B is similar to Ef. species A and Ef. bromleyi, but is distinguished from them by the combined characters of the terminalia (Fig. 52-54). The shorter epandrium, 2.4-2.6 times longer than wide, further distin- Figure 52-54. Male terminalia of Efferia sp. B, lateral guishes it from Ef. bromleyi . The epandrium of views; 52. intact terminalia; 53. gonostylus; 54a-b. phallus Ef. bromleyi is longer and narrower, about 3.0 with aedeagus, aedeagal tubes, and phallic flanges. times longer than wide. The more angular dorsal process of the epandrium and the membranous posterior margin, capitate gonostylus, and angular phallic flange further separate it from both species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4878CFFB6330C59C1FD09BFC20D4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scarbrough, Aubrey G.;Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.	Scarbrough, Aubrey G., Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. (2008): Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae): Part 1. Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Insecta Mundi 2008 (49): 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169958
