identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1632D73D57982729CBB0153E56D9C072.text	1632D73D57982729CBB0153E56D9C072.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus	<div><p>Spinosuncus gen. n.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Paliga contractalis Warren, 1896</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Species of Spinosuncus can be recognized externally by the yellow to fulvous wing ground colour, the fulvous to brown lines, the distinct subterminal lines usually arched to CuA2 then obviously angled or concave near the tornus. Diagnostic characters in the male genitalia are the short and stout, strongly sclerotized uncus distally with two spines or teeth, the lamellate, distally inflated sella set with fin-shaped setae forming editum, the dorsally inflated sacculus with the dorsal margin sclerotized and usually spinulose, the distally broad and usually spinulose phallus, and the spine-like cornuti appear funnel-shaped in the distal end of the vesica. The female genitalia are characterized by the strongly sclerotized lamella postvaginalis always extended dorsolaterally, and the sclerotized transverse band posteriorly in the cup-shaped antrum.</p><p>Spinosuncus moths are most similar in appearance to Pseudopagyda Slamka, 2013. Some species of Spinosuncus can be distinguished by the much smaller wingspan (usually less than 24 mm). However, some Spinosuncus species have a similar body size to Pseudopagyda, but they can still be differentiated by the wavy or dentate lines on the wings dorsally, especially the sinuate (rather than oblique, or slightly curved as in Pseudopagyda) anterior part of the postmedial line near the costa. In the male genitalia, the sclerotized uncus, the fin-shaped setae (editum) of the sella, and the inflated sacculus distinguish Spinosuncus from Pseudopagyda . In the female genitalia, the long and slender ductus bursae is distinct from the extremely short ductus bursae of Pseudopagyda .</p><p>Description .</p><p>Head. Frons oblique, yellowish brown, with white lateral bands. Vertex with moderately raised scales projecting between antennae. Labial palpus obliquely upturned, exceeding frons by 2/3 length of head or slightly less, third palpomere porrect, yellowish brown with base contrastingly white. Maxillary palpus small, yellowish brown, tips pale yellow, sometimes mixed with white. Proboscis well developed, with basal scaling white. Antenna pale yellow, with cilia as long as width of corresponding flagellomeres in male. Thorax. With appressed scales, yellow. Legs unmodified. Foreleg brown, tibia white with brown cross band medially, tarsus white; midleg pale brown, tibia and tarsus white ventrally; hind leg pale yellow, tinged with white, basal inner spur longer than apical inner spurs. Forewing subtriangular, termen gently arched; retinaculum a tuft of curved bristles from below base of discal cell. Hindwing fan-shaped, costal margin translucent whitish; frenulum simple in male, with two acanthae in female. Wing venation (Figure 2) in forewing with cell about half length of wing; R1 free, from 4/5 of anterior margin of cell, R2 free but adjacent to stem of R3+R4 in about basal half, R3 and R4 stalked to about 2/3, R4 to just before apex, R5 parallel to stalked R3+R4 at base then diverging; M1 moderately close to R5 at base, M2 widely separate from M1, closing vein concavely curved; M2, M3 and CuA1 from posterior angle of cell, M3 closer to M2 at base than to CuA1, then diverging; CuA2 from 3/5 of posterior margin of cell; 1A faintly sinuate to tornus, 2A forming complete loop and distally recurved before joining 1A, sometimes disconnected. Hindwing with cell about 1/3 length of wing; Sc+R1 and Rs anastomosing for 1/3 beyond end of discal cell, Rs and M1 short-stalked, closing vein concave, angled medially; M3 closer to M2 at base than to CuA1, parallel with M2 at base, then diverging; 1A complete but weak, 3A curved. Abdomen. Slender, usually yellowish, sometimes dark brown, apical margin of segments usually tinged with white. Male genitalia. Uncus short and stout, nearly quadrate, with wide base; usually strongly sclerotized; distal end with two or four sharp spines laterally or distally bifid forming two teeth; glabrous or ventrolaterally set with few setae, or densely setose at base of teeth. Tegumen quadrate. Vinculum U-shaped. Saccus short, near triangular, rounded at apex. Valva tongue-shaped, varying in width, tapering towards apex, set with hair-like setae on inner side; transtilla sub-triangular, meeting in middle, usually with setae on dorsal margin; costa simple, costal sclerotized band narrow to broad, extended to beyond 2/3 of dorsal margin; sacculus broad, expanded except basal part, with dorsal margin strongly sclerotized and often spinose; sella slender to broad, lamellate, distally inflated, set with modified setae (editum), varying from fin-shaped to thick, needle-shaped. Juxta heart-shaped to nearly pentagonal. Phallus with distal part broad and moderately setose, usually spinulose; vesica in distal part with numerous spine-like cornuti appear funnel-shaped, sometimes with several large spicules. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, densely setose. Sinus vaginalis well developed, membranous, usually with sclerotized, streak-like or hook-like notches anterolaterally (absent in S. praepandalis and S. curvisetaceus); lamella postvaginalis band-shaped, sclerotized (weakly sclerotized in S. contractalis, S. rectacutus and S. brevacutus), always extended dorsolaterally. Antrum membranous or sclerotized and granulated, cup-shaped, with sclerotized transverse band posteriorly. Ductus seminalis originating from anterior end of colliculum. Ductus bursae with base slightly rotated, as long as or longer than length or diameter of corpus bursae; colliculum ring-shaped, sclerotized. Corpus bursae drop-shaped or globular; accessory bursa present, sometimes with second signum at base; main signum rhomboid.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>All of the Chinese material has been collected during the night at light. Host information is currently unavailable. Spinosuncus aureolalis and S. contractalis occur sympatrically with species of Pseudopagyda in some places. According to Bänziger (1995), they are not lachryphagous.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Spinosuncus occurs in South China (Figure 28), India, and Thailand.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The generic name is a compound word that refers to the uncus distally with spines ( “spinosus” in Latin). The resultant name is masculine in gender.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1632D73D57982729CBB0153E56D9C072	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
C52F6C05A3DC0F6941485A65B5542EDC.text	C52F6C05A3DC0F6941485A65B5542EDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus contractalis (Warren 1896) Warren 1896	<div><p>Spinosuncus contractalis (Warren, 1896) comb. n. Figs 3, 10, 19, 28</p><p>Paliga contractalis Warren, 1896, 18(6): 123.</p><p>Microstega contractalis (Warren) Bänziger, 1995: 270.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, 1♂; Khasis, Warren Type, Pyralidae Brit. Slide No. 8677 (NHMUK), designated by Bänziger (1995).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Hainan: 2♂, 1♀, Bawangling, Changjiang, 19.12N, 109.08E, alt. 161 m, 22.VII.2014, leg. Cong Peixin, Hu Sha and Liu Linjie, genitalia slide no. ZDD12049 (♂) (NKU); 1♀, Bawangling, 11.VI.2010, leg. Kang Li, genitalia slide no. SYSU0185; 1♂, 1♀, Jianfengling, 5.VI.2010, leg. Kang Li, genitalia slide no. SYSU0174 (♂); 1♀, Jianfengling, 18.75N, 108.85E, alt. 969 m, 12.IX.2013, leg. Xie Weicai, genitalia slide no. SYSU0067; 1♂, Bangxi Reserve, 19.37N, 109.10E, alt. 97 m, 2.IX.2013, leg. Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slide no. SYSU0017; 1♂, Nankai Town, Baisha, 19.05N, 109.40E, alt. 294 m, 19.V.2013, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0065; 1♂, Sanya Village, Fanjia, 19.25N, 109.65E, alt. 302 m, 27.X.2013, leg. Chen Kai and Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slide no. SYSU0040; 1♀, Mt. Diaoluoshan, alt. 500 m, 24.V.2014, leg. Xu Dan and Xu Lijun, genitalia slide no. SYSU0914; 1♀, Wuzhishan Natural Reserve, 18.88N, 109.65E, alt. 742 m, 21.V.2015, leg. Cong Xinpei, Guan Wei and Hu Sha (NKU); Yunnan: 3♂, Bawan, Baoshan, alt. 1040 m, 9.VIII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan, genitalia slide no. SYSU0019; 5♂, 1♀, Baihualing, Baoshan, alt. 1520 m, 11,13.VII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan, genitalia slides no. CXH12155 (♂), SYSU0039 (♂), SYSU0047 (♂), SYSU0073 (♀); 2♂, Baihualing, Mt. Gaoligongshan, Baoshan City, 25.30N, 98.80E, alt. 1473 m, 29.VII.2013, leg. Liu Shurong, Teng Kaijian and Wang Yuqi (NKU); 1♂, Baihualing, Mt. Gaoligongshan, Baoshan City, 25.30N, 98.80E, alt. 1473 m, 7.VIII.2014, leg. Liu Shurong, Rong Hua and Teng Kaijian (NKU); 1♂, Dahaoping, alt. 2020 m, 6.VIII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan; 1♂, Jingpozhai, Nabang, Yingjiang, 24.71N, 97.39E, alt. 231 m, 3.VIII.2013, leg. Liu Shurong, Teng Kaijian and Wang Yuqi (NKU); 2♂, 1♀, 55 km site, Xishuangbanna Natural Reserve, 23.V.2015, leg. Zhang Zhenguo, genitalia slide no. ZDD12053 (♂, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0153) (NKU); 1♂, Yexiang Valley, Xishuangbanna, 22.17N, 100.87E, alt. 762 m, 18.VII.2014, leg. Guan Wei, Liu Shurong and Wang Xiuchun (NKU); 2♂, 1♀, Yexiang Valley, Xishuangbanna, 22.17N, 100.87E, alt. 762 m, 10-12.VII.2015, leg. Bai Xia and Teng Kaijian, genitalia slide no. ZDD12048 (♂, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0135) (NKU); 1♂, Guanping, Mengyang, alt. 1200 m, 20.VIII.2005, leg. Ren Yingdang, genitalia slide no. CYP12056 (NKU); 1♂, Nanla River, Bubang, Mengla, 21.59N, 101.58E, alt. 652 m, 15.VII.2013, leg. Liu Shurong, Teng Kaijian and Wang Yuqi (NKU); 1♀, Yaoqu Town, Xishuangbanna, alt. 780 m, 26.V.2015, leg. Tao Manfei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0913, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0133; Tibet: 1♀, Medog, alt. 1103 m, 8.VII.2013, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0915.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Within the genus, S. contractalis resembles S. rectacutus and S. brevacutus in the relatively small wingspan, the almost indistinguishable wing pattern, the glabrous uncus, a row of dense setae on the transtilla dorsally, the two sclerotized notches anterolaterally on the sinus vaginalis and the short ductus bursae (approximately as long as the length of the corpus bursae). However, it can be differentiated from S. rectacutus by the somewhat more sinuate postmedial line of the forewing near costa, in the male genitalia by the shorter, excurved spines of the uncus and the acinaciform, densely spinous extension of the sacculus distally. In the female genitalia, it is characterized by the curved sclerotized notches anterolaterally on the sinus vaginalis. The differences between S. contractalis and S. brevacutus are given in the diagnosis of the latter species.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Head. As for the genus. Thorax. Yellow. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 18-22 mm. Wings yellow, lines fulvous. Forewing broadly triangular with moderately arched termen; antemedial line weakly sinuate from about 1/4 of costa to 2/5 of posterior margin; orbicular stigma small, sometimes faint; reniform stigma a fulvous, slightly curved streak; posterior angle of cell outwardly followed by a fulvous mark; postmedial line from 3/5 of costa slightly sinuate to beyond basal half of CuA1, bent inwardly to 1/3 of CuA2, then to 2/3 of posterior margin; subterminal line from distal end of R2, arched to about 4/5 of CuA2, then concave to 4/5 of posterior margin; fringe yellowish brown. Hindwing with costa and posterior margin translucent whitish; posterior angle of cell outwardly followed by a fulvous mark; postmedial line straight from basal half of M1 to distal third of CuA2, bent inwardly to basal third of CuA2, then straight to near end of 2A; subterminal line from distal third of RS, arched, tapering to CuA2, then concave to distal end of 1A; fringe as in forewing. Abdomen. Yellow dorsally, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figure 10). Uncus with lateral margin strongly bulging near distal end, with a sharply widened base; without setae; with two outwardly curved, pointed spines, weakly dentate between the spines. Valva of medium width, slightly narrowing towards apex, length approximately 2 × its maximal width; transtilla dorsally strongly sclerotized and set with dense setae; costal sclerotized band narrow, slightly expanded to 2/3 of dorsal margin; sacculus with distal half expanded, forming acinaciform sclerotized process, dorsally set with dense spines; sella long and slender, rod-like, distal end strongly inflated, set with several narrow, fin-shaped setae forming editum, each seta with apex evenly divided into several filaments. Juxta heart-shaped, deeply divided distally. Phallus with distal 1/3 expanded and spinulose; vesica in distal part with numerous spine-like cornuti appear funnel-shaped (Figure 10C). Female genitalia (Figure 19). Posterior apophysis with small expansion at basal third; anterior apophysis with small expansion beyond basal half. Sinus vaginalis with two curved, sclerotized notches anterolaterally; lamella postvaginalis weakly sclerotized medially, most strongly sclerotized dorsolaterally. Antrum membranous. Ductus bursae moderately broad, nearly as long as length of corpus bursae; colliculum narrow medially. Corpus bursae approximatively drop-shaped; accessory bursa arising from posterior 1/3 of corpus bursae, with small, densely spinulose second signum beside its base; rhombic signum with two opposing angles bearing well developed carinae and closely separated medially, the other two angles bearing dense spines.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Hainan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C52F6C05A3DC0F6941485A65B5542EDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
B911642874D1595A113EBAFAB074200F.text	B911642874D1595A113EBAFAB074200F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus rectacutus	<div><p>Spinosuncus rectacutus sp. n. Figs 4, 11, 20, 28</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 4); CHINA, Guizhou: Weng’ang Town, Maolan Reserve, Libo, 25.25N, 107.90E, alt. 814 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slide no. SYSU0060. Paratypes: Hubei: 1♂, Pingbaying, Xianfeng, alt. 1280 m, 21.VII.1999, leg. Li Houhun et al., genitalia slide no. ZDD12055 (NKU); 3♂, Mahe Town, Xianfeng, alt. 400 m, 24-26.VII.1999, leg. Li Houhun et al., genitalia slide no. ZDD12056 (NKU); 1♂, Maobaqu, Lichuan, alt. 700 m, 29.VII.1999, leg. Li Houhun et al., genitalia slide no. ZDD12057 (NKU); Guangxi: 1♂, Nanchao, Yachang Forest Farm, Leye, alt. 1160 m, 26.VII.2004, leg. Xu Jiasheng (NKU); 1♂, Huaping, Yachang Forest Farm, Leye, alt. 910 m, 28.VII.2004, leg. Xu Jiasheng, genitalia slide no. CYP12058 (NKU); 15♂, 2♀, Nonggang, Longzhou, 22.47N, 106.96E, alt. 271 m, 19.IV.2012, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slides no. SYSU0036 (♀), 0188 (♀), 0009, 0014, 0024, 0041, 0042, 0043, 0044, 0054, 0055; 8♂, 2♀, Nonggang, Longzhou, alt. 188 m, 25,27,28,31.VII.2011, leg. He Guiqing, genitalia slides no. SYSU0189 (♂), 0194 (♀), 0979 (♀); 1♂, Nonggang Reserve, 21.VIII.2011, leg. Yang Lijun, genitalia slide no. SYSU0053; 1♂, Nonggang Reserve, 21.VIII.2011, leg. Cheng Muchun, genitalia slide no. CXH12165; 1♂, Nonggang, Longzhou, 20.VIII.2011, leg. Cheng Muchun; 1♂, Nonggang, Longzhou, alt. 280 m, 29.VII.2012, leg. Yang Xiaofei (NKU); 1♂, Sanlian, Longzhou, alt. 180 m, 1.VIII.2011, leg. He Guiqing; 1♂, Tongling Valley, 23.02N, 106.65E, alt. 535 m, 22.VII.2013, leg. Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slide no. SYSU0259; 1♂, Longrui Reserve, 18.VIII.2011, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0021; 1♂, Longrui Reserve, 19.VIII.2011, leg. Zhang Dandan; 2♂, Bangliang, Jingxi, 1,5.VIII.2010, leg. Huang Jianhua, genitalia slide no. ZDD12047 (NKU); Guizhou: 2♂, Xian’nv’dong, Dashahe, Daozhen, alt. 600 m, 28-29.V.2004, leg. Hao Shulian, genitalia slide no. CYP12057 (NKU); 1♂, Baishao Village, Qinggangtang, Suiyang, alt. 800 m, 11.VIII.2010, leg. Du Xicui, genitalia slide no. CYP12063 (NKU); 1♂, Baishao, Kuankuoshui, alt. 800 m, 10.VIII.2010, leg. Du Xicui, genitalia slide no. SYSU0187; 1♂, Mt. Leigongshan, 26.35N, 108.15E, alt. 1198 m, leg. Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slide no. SYSU0057, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0155; 1♂, Dongdai, Shuizu Town, Limingguan, Libo, alt. 720 m, 19.VII.2015, leg. Li Jia’en and Yang Meiqing, genitalia slide no. ZDD12050, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0134 (NKU); 1♀, Weng’ang Town, Maolan Reserve, Libo, 25.25N, 107.90E, alt. 814 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slide no. SYSU0072; Chongqing: 2♂, 1♀, Xiaonanhai, Qianjiang, alt. 370 m, 21.VII.2012, Xu Lijun and Zhang Jun, genitalia slides no. SYSU0186 (♂), 0193 (♀).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Spinosuncus rectacutus resembles S. contractalis and S. brevacutus, for which details are provided in the diagnosis of S. contractalis . It can be best distinguished from S. brevacutus by the dorsally densely setose transtilla (moderately setose in S. brevacutus), and the saddle-shaped sacculus with sclerotized margin densely set with a row of spinules. The distal spines of the uncus are straight and longer than those of S. brevacutus, and the lateral margin near the distal end of the uncus is less bulging. In the female genitalia, the length of the colliculum is approximately 1.5 × as long as its minimal width and the notches on the sinus vaginalis are strongly sclerotized whereas in S. brevacutus, the length of the colliculum is approximately as long as its minimal width and the notches on the sinus vaginalis are weakly sclerotized.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head. As for the genus. Thorax. Yellow. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 18-22.5 mm. Wing pattern as in S. contractalis . Abdomen. Yellow dorsally, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figure 11). Uncus with lateral margin slightly bulging near distal end, with base sharply widened; setae absent; distal two corners with straight, pointed spines, outer margin between spines dentate. Valva of medium width, length approximately 2.3 × its maximal width; transtilla with dorsal margin strongly sclerotized and set with dense setae; costal sclerotized band wide, slightly expanded to 2/3 of dorsal margin; distal half of sacculus expanded to a saddle-shaped structure, with sclerotized margin, basal half of margin slightly twisted, set with dense spines; sella long and slender, rod-like, distal end slightly inflated, set with several narrow, fin-shaped setae forming editum, each seta with apex evenly divided into several filaments. Juxta heart-shaped. Phallus as in S. contractalis . Female genitalia (Figure 20). Posterior apophysis with small expansion at basal third; anterior apophysis with small expansion beyond basal half. Sinus vaginalis with two straight, sclerotized notches anterolaterally; lamella postvaginalis weakly sclerotized medially, most strongly sclerotized dorsolaterally. Antrum membranous. Ductus bursae slender, nearly as long as length of corpus bursae; colliculum narrow medially. Corpus bursae drop-shaped, slightly spinulose; accessory bursa arising from posterior 1/3 of corpus bursae, with small, densely spinulose second signum beside its base; rhombic signum with carinae almost connected.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin recti- for straight and acutus, pointed, referring to the straight, pointed spines of the uncus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B911642874D1595A113EBAFAB074200F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
0E57E4E326E43C7B6D874E8B5D819984.text	0E57E4E326E43C7B6D874E8B5D819984.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus brevacutus	<div><p>Spinosuncus brevacutus sp. n. Figs 5, 12, 21, 28</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 5); CHINA, Guizhou: Weng’ang Town, Maolan Reserve, Libo, 25.25N, 107.90E, alt. 814 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slide no. SYSU0056, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0009. Paratypes: Jiangxi: 1♂, Main Peak, Mt. Jinggangshan, 28.IV.2011, leg. Liu Ping and Mei Yan, genitalia slide no. CXH12192; 1♂, Main Peak, Mt. Jinggangshan, 30.VI.2011, leg. Yang Lijun, genitalia slide no. CXH12161; 1♂, Main Peak, Mt. Jinggangshan, 1.IX.2011, leg. Cheng Muchun, genitalia slide no. SYSU0064; 1♂, 1♀ (Abdomen lost), Reservoir of Mt. Jinggangshan, 19.IX.2010, leg. Tong Bo, Zhang Dandan and Zhao Shuang; 1♂, 1♀, Mt. Guanggushan, Wuzhifeng Town, Shangyou, 25.92N, 114.05E, alt. 846 m, 22.VI.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slides no. SYSU0015 (♂), 0062 (♀, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0156); 1♂, Mt. Jiulianshan, Longnan, 24.54N, 114.46E, alt. 625 m, 28.IV.2012, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0049; Hunan: 1♀, Visitors’ center, Taoyuandong, 26.47N, 114.04E, alt. 870 m, 20.V.2014, leg. Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slide no. SYSU0063; Guizhou: 1♂, Maolan Reserve, 1.IX.2011, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. CXH12162; 4♂, Maolan Reserve, 25.13N, 107.87E, alt. 797 m, 12.VII.2013, leg. Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slides no. SYSU0020, 0023, 0074, 0910; 1♂, 2♀, Weng’ang Town, Maolan Reserve, Libo, 25.25N, 107.90E, alt. 814 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slides no. SYSU0046 (♂), 0071 (♀, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0010), 0978 (♀).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Spinosuncus brevacutus is similar to S. contractalis and S. rectacutus . Differences with S. rectacutus are given in the diagnosis of S. rectacutus . It can be distinguished from S. contractalis by the minute and weakly outwardly curved spines of the apical uncus, the concave margin between those spines, the moderately setose transtilla and the semicircular sacculus distally with sclerotized, sparsely toothed margin in the male genitalia, by the straight, weakly sclerotized notches of the sinus vaginalis (curved, strongly sclerotized in S. contractalis) and the relatively broad ductus bursae in the female genitalia.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head. As for the genus. Thorax. Yellow. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 19-24 mm. Wing pattern as in S. contractalis . Abdomen. Yellow dorsally, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figure 12). Uncus with the lateral margin strongly bulging near distal end, with base sharply widened; setae absent; distal two corners slightly extended, forming minute spines. Valva of medium width, length approximately 2.5 × its maximal width; transtilla with dorsal margin slightly sclerotized, set with few setae; costal sclerotized band rather wide, slightly expanded to 2/3 of dorsal margin; distal half of sacculus expanded, semicircular, with strongly sclerotized margin, sometimes set with few tiny teeth, distal third of margin twisted; sella long and slender, rod-like, distal end slightly inflated and upcurved, set with several narrow, fin-shaped setae forming editum, each seta with apex evenly divided into several filaments. Juxta heart-shaped, distal half divided. Phallus as in S. contractalis . Female genitalia (Figure 21). Posterior apophysis with small expansion at basal third; anterior apophysis with small expansion beyond basal half. Sinus vaginalis with two straight, weakly sclerotized notches anterolaterally; lamella postvaginalis weakly sclerotized medially, most strongly sclerotized dorsolaterally. Antrum membranous. Ductus bursae moderately broad, as long as length of corpus bursae; colliculum somewhat constricted medially. Corpus bursae drop-shaped; accessory bursa arising from posterior 1/3 of corpus bursae, with small, weakly spinulose second signum beside its base; rhombic signum with two opposing angles bearing weak, narrow carinae almost connected medially, the other two angles set with spines.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin brevi-, short, and acutus for pointed, referring to the short, pointed spines of the uncus.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E57E4E326E43C7B6D874E8B5D819984	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
094ED04B84C1806C8D7D4995884098A2.text	094ED04B84C1806C8D7D4995884098A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus praepandalis (Snellen 1890) Snellen 1890	<div><p>Spinosuncus praepandalis (Snellen, 1890) comb. n. Figs 6, 13, 22, 28</p><p>Botys praepandalis Snellen, 1890: 573-574.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, 1♀; Sikkim, O. Miller., [18]89, collection of H. J. Elwes, Pyralidae Brit. Slide no. 9711 (NHMUK).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Hubei: 1♂, 1♀, Shayuan, Hefeng, alt. 1260 m, 15,17.VII.1999, leg. Li Houhun, genitalia slides no. ZDD02388 (♂), 02389 (♀) (NKU); Hunan: 1♀, Jiangping, Mt. Hupingshan, Shimen County, alt. 480 m, 6.V.2002, leg. Yu Haili (NKU); Sichuan: 1♂, Wannian Temple, Mt. E’meishan, 29.59N, 103.38E, alt. 830 m, 14.VII.2014, leg. Guan Wei, Liu Shurong and Wang Xiuchun (NKU); Chongqing: 1♂, Dawopu, Mt. Simianshan, 28.58N, 106.35E, alt. 1059 m, 12.VII.2016, leg. Chen Kai; 1♂, Tiantangba, Mt. Simianshan, 28.64N, 106.35E, alt. 921 m, 13.VII.2016, leg. Chen Kai; 1♂, Mt. Jinfoshan, alt. 1700 m, 13.VII.2010, leg. Du Xicui and Shi Shengwen, genitalia slide no. SYSU0191; 1♀, Wuli Town, Qianjiang, alt. 870 m, 23.VII.2012, leg. Xu Lijun and Zhang Jun, genitalia slide no. SYSU0196; Guizhou: 1♂, Heiwan, Jiangkou, alt. 600 m, 28.VII.2001, leg. Li Houhun and Wang Xinpu, genitalia slide no. ZDD02061 (NKU); 2♂, Huguo Temple, Mt. Fanjingshan, alt. 1390 m, 28.V.2002, leg. Wang Xinpu, genitalia slide no. CYP12041 (NKU); 3♂, Weng’ang Town, Maolan Reserve, Libo, 25.25N, 107.90E, alt. 814 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slide no. SYSU0038, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0006; 1♂, Weng’ang Town, Libo, alt. 1345 m, 18.VII.2015, leg. Wan Jiping; Yunnan: 4♂, 2♀, Mt. Jizushan, Binchuan, 25.93N, 100.38E, alt. 1831 m, 29.VI.2012, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slides no. CXH12156 (♂), SYSU0045 (♂), 0076 (♀), 0980 (♀); 5♂, 1♀, Mt. Gaoligongshan, Baoshan, 24.82N, 98.78E, alt. 1700 m, 22.V.2016, leg. Duan Yongjiang, genitalia slides no. SYSU0190 (♂), 0195 (♀, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0131); 2♀, Dahaoping, Tengchong, alt. 2020 m, 6.VIII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan, genitalia slides no. SYSU0078, 0183; 1♂, Pianma Village, Lushui, Nujiang, alt. 1889 m, 16.VIII.2015, leg. Wei Xueli; 1♀, Malipo County, alt. 1098 m, 4.VI.2015, leg. Tao Manfei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0911; Tibet: 1♂, 1♀, Hanmi, Medog, alt. 2380 m, 9.VIII.2003, leg. Wang Xinpu and Xue Huaijun, genitalia slide no. CYP12062 (♂) (NKU); 1♂, Shangzayü, Nyingchi, alt. 1936 m, 16.VIII.2015, leg. Xu Dan. INDIA: 1♂, India, Sikkim, Elwes, collection of H. J. Elwes, Pyralidae Brit. Slide no. 8674 (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Sikkim, O. Miller., [18]89, collection of H. J. Elwes (NHMUK).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Spinosuncus praepandalis has a larger wingspan (24-30 mm) than in the species described above. It has a wingspan similar to that of S. aureolalis, but can be differentiated by the dentate lines and the thickened anterior part of the postmedial line of the forewing near the costa. In the male genitalia, it is distinguished by the distally bifid uncus, forming two sclerotized, large outwardly curved teeth with a hairy basal margin (as in S. curvisetaceus), the two to three straight, thick needle-shaped setae dorsally set on each side of the transtilla and the semicircular sacculus distally with the margin scle rotized and with a small process distally. In the female genitalia, it is distinguished by the sinus vaginalis without sclerotized, streak-like or hook-like notches (as in S. curvisetaceus) and the long and slender ductus bursae, which is more than twice as long as the diameter of the corpus bursae, differs from that of the species described above (the ductus bursae is almost as long as the length of the corpus bursae). The differences between S. praepandalis and S. curvisetaceus are given in the diagnosis of the latter species.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Head. As for the genus. Thorax. Yellow. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 24-30 mm. Wing pattern as in S. contractalis, apart from: wings yellowish brown; lines brown and wavy; postmedial line of forewing thickened near costa, strongly sinuate to half of CuA1; postmedial line of hindwing curved to distal third of CuA2. Abdomen. Yellowish to brown, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figure 13). Uncus tapering towards apex; distal 3/4 bifid, forming two outwardly curved, strongly sclerotized teeth, medially set with dense setae, arranged in a curved line. Valva of medium width, ventral margin beyond sacculus slightly concave, length approximately 2.3 × its maximal width; transtilla extended ventrally into a projection, each lobe set with two to three straight, thick needle-shaped setae at dorsal base (one seta occasionally falls off), with one much bigger than other(s); costal band moderately wide, slightly expanded to 2/3 of dorsal margin; distal half of sacculus expanded, semicircular, with dorsal margin sclerotized, apically with small, triangular process; sella long and slender, rod-like, upcurved (bent in Figs 13 A–B), distal end slightly inflated, set with a few broad, fin-shaped setae forming editum, each seta with apex evenly divided into several filaments. Juxta pentagonal, weakly bifid distally. Phallus with distal 1/4 slightly expanded and spinulose; vesica in distal part with numerous spine-like cornuti appear funnel-shaped (Figure 13C). Female genitalia (Figure 22). Posterior apophysis with distinct hook-like expansion at basal 2/5. Sinus vaginalis without sclerotized, streak-like or hook-like notches; lamella postvaginalis band-shaped, well developed, extended to cover entire eighth segment ventrally. Antrum membranous, with a narrow sclerotized transverse band posteriorly. Ductus bursae long and slender, more than three times as long as diameter of corpus bursae; colliculum almost evenly wide. Corpus bursae small, globular; accessory bursa arising from posterior 1/3 of corpus bursae; rhombic signum with well developed, moderately separated carinae, other two angles bearing spines medially, the anterior angle smaller than the posterior angle; second signum absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/094ED04B84C1806C8D7D4995884098A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
463A3A66B2E4A6A9F4AD39F3E0B159A8.text	463A3A66B2E4A6A9F4AD39F3E0B159A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus curvisetaceus	<div><p>Spinosuncus curvisetaceus sp. n. Figs 7, 14, 23, 28</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype ♂; CHINA, Jiangxi: Mt. Sanqingshan, Jinsha County, Shangrao, alt. 380-390 m, 20.IV.2007, leg. Bai Haiyan and Du Xicui, genitalia slide no. ZDD12058 (NKU). Paratypes: Fujian: 1♂, Tongmu Village, Mt. Wuyishan, 3.V.2014, leg. Yang Xiaofei, genitalia slide no. ZDD12051 (NKU); Jiangxi: 1♂, Shiguling Power Plant, Mt. Sanqingshan, Jinsha County, Shangrao, alt. 410-420 m, 15.IV.2007, leg. Bai Haiyan and Du Xicui, genitalia slide no. CYP12066 (NKU); 6♂, Mt. Sanqingshan, Jinsha County, Shangrao, alt. 380-390 m, 19, 20.IV.2007, leg. Bai Haiyan and Du Xicui, genitalia slides no. CYP12060, 12074, ZDD12026 (NKU); 1♂, Shixi Town, Fengxin, 28.44N, 114.54E, alt. 506 m, 22.IX.2012, leg. Yang Lijun, genitalia slide no. CXH12167; 1♀, Nanfengmian Reserve, Qianmo Village, Suichuan, 26.28N, 114.06E, alt. 816 m, 19.VI.2015, leg. Chen Kai, genitalia slide no. SYSU0061, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0129; Guangxi: 1♂, Jiuniutang, Mt. Mao’ershan, alt. 550 m, 20.IV.2002, leg. Hao Shulian and Xue Huaijun, genitalia slide no. ZDD02245 (NKU); 1♂, Huawang Villa, Jinxiu, alt. 550 m, 13.IV.2002, leg. Hao Shulian and Xue Huaijun, genitalia slide no. ZDD02241 (NKU).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Spinosuncus curvisetaceus resembles S. praepandalis in wing pattern. The wingspan of S. curvisetaceus is usually smaller than that of S. praepandalis, S. aureolalis and S. quadracutus, but larger than in S. contractalis, S. rectacutus and S. brevacutus . The ground colour of the wings is paler than that of S. praepandalis . In the male genitalia, it can be differentiated from S. praepandalis by the straight mediobasal margin of the distal teeth of the uncus (curved in S. praepandalis), the curved setae on the transtilla dorsally (straight in S. praepandalis) and the expanded, rectangular distal half of sacculus, with sclerotized and densely spinulose dorsal margin. In the female genitalia, the anterior apophysis is thicker than that of S. praepandalis . It can be distinguished from other Spinosuncus species (except S. praepandalis) by the distally strongly bifid uncus, forming two sclerotized, large excurved teeth bearing hair-like setae basally, two thick needle-shaped setae on the transtilla dorsally and the absence of sclerotized, streak-like or hook-like notches anterolaterally on the sinus vaginalis.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head. As for the genus. Thorax. Yellowish brown. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 24-26 mm. Wing pattern as in S. praepandalis, ground colour paler than that of S. praepandalis . Abdomen. Yellowish to brown, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figure 14). Uncus sharply tapering towards apex; distal half bifid, forming two slightly outwardly curved and sclerotized teeth, basally set with dense setae, arranged in a curved line. Valva of medium width, ventral margin beyond sacculus slightly concave, length approximately 2.1 × its maximal width; transtilla extended ventrally into long and curved projection, set with two thick and curved, needle-shaped setae at base dorsally; costal sclerotized band moderately wide, slightly expanded to 3/4 of dorsal margin; distal half of sacculus expanded, rectangular, with dorsal margin strongly sclerotized and densely spinulose, distally twisted; sella long and slender, rod-like, upcurved, distally set with few broad, fin-shaped setae, each seta with apex evenly divided into several filaments. Juxta shield-shaped, distal half divided medially. Phallus as in S. praepandalis . Female genitalia (Figure 23). Posterior apophysis with hook-like expansion at basal 2/5. Sinus vaginalis without sclerotized, streak-like or hook-like notches; lamella postvaginalis band-shaped, well developed, extended to cover entire eighth segment ventrally. Antrum membranous. Ductus bursae long and slender, more than two times as long as length of corpus bursae; colliculum narrower at anterior end. Corpus bursae small, ovoid; accessory bursa arising from posterior 1/3 of corpus bursae; rhombic signum as in S. praepandalis; second signum absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin curv- (curved) and setaceus (setaceous), referring to the curved setae set at the dorsal base of the transtilla.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/463A3A66B2E4A6A9F4AD39F3E0B159A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
3EE5DF776CFAD2F92083A8AEA67DC93F.text	3EE5DF776CFAD2F92083A8AEA67DC93F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus aureolalis (Lederer 1863) Lederer 1863	<div><p>Spinosuncus aureolalis (Lederer, 1863) comb. n. Figs 8, 15-16, 24-25, 28</p><p>Botys aureolalis Lederer, 1863: 473.</p><p>Pyralis ochrealis Moore, 1877: 614.</p><p>Microstega aureolalis (Lederer): Bänziger, 1995: 270.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype of Pyralis ochrealis: 1♂; Sikkim, Moore Coll. 94-106, Pyralidae Brit. Slide No. 8678 (NHMUK), designated by Bänziger (1995).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>CHINA, Guangxi: 2♂, Nonggang, Longzhou, alt. 188 m, 26.VII.2011, leg. He Guiqing, genitalia slide no. SYSU0909; Yunnan: 1♀, Baihualing, Baoshan, alt. 1251 m, 13.VIII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan, genitalia slide no. SYSU0075; 2♂, Baihualing, Baoshan, alt. 1520 m, 11,13.VIII.2007, leg. Zhang Dandan, genitalia slides no. SYSU0050, 0066; 1♂, 1♀, Mengla, alt. 800 m, 6,8.VII.2012, leg. Kitching and Ashton, genitalia slide no. FCEL0002 (♀) (FCEL); 2♂, 1♀, Bubang, Xishuangbanna, 21.60N, 101.59E, alt. 656 m, 23.VII.2014, leg. Guan Wei, Liu Shurong, Teng Kaijian and Wang xiuchun, genitalia slide no. ZDD12052 (♀, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0146), ZDD12054 (♂) (NKU); 1♂, Nabang, Yingjiang County, 24.75N, 97.56E, alt. 239 m, 27.V.2016, leg. Duan Yongjiang, genitalia slide no. SYSU0958, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0132; 1♂, Pianma Village, Lushui, Nujiang, alt. 1889 m, 16.VIII.2015, leg. Wei Xueli, genitalia slide no. SYSU0959; 1♂, Daxichang, Malipo County, alt. 1465 m, 7.VI.2015, leg. Tao Manfei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0173.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Spinosuncus aureolalis has a large wingspan (more than 26 mm). The ground colour of the wings is the darkest within the genus. Though S. aureolalis has a similar wingspan as S. praepandalis, it can be distinguished by the sinuate but not thickened anterior part of the postmedial line of the forewing near costa and the smooth, not dentate wing lines. In the male genitalia, it is characterized by the uncus distally with two large spines, the cheliform sacculus projections, and the fin- and needle-shaped setae forming editum on the sella distally (as in S. quadracutus). In the female genitalia, the two large, hook-like notches anterolaterally on the sinus vaginalis and the laterally broad, granulated antrum (as in S. quadracutus) are diagnostic. The appearance of S. aureolalis is most similar to that of S. quadracutus, both having the same wing pattern. The differences between these two species are given in the diagnosis of S. quadracutus .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Head. As for the genus. Thorax. Yellow. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 26-32 mm. Wings yellow, with fulvous tinge, lines fulvous to yellowish brown, venation somewhat darker than the ground colour, making wings impressively reticulated. Wing pattern as in S. contractalis, apart from: postmedial line of forewing more sinuate, of hindwing more curve. Abdomen. Fulvous dorsally, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figs 15, 16). Uncus gradually tapering from base to middle; laterally membranous and set with several se tae ventrally, other areas strongly sclerotized; distal 1/3 divided into two sharp teeth, thick, straight or slightly curved (weakly folded in Figs 15A, 16A), between two teeth usually two small and short spines (Figure 16A), sometimes invisible (Figure 15A) (longish, distinct in S. quadracutus, Figs 17A, 18A); with two caniniform teeth medioventrally. Valva narrow, length approximately 2.7 × its maximal width; transtilla extended ventrally into long and narrow projection, dorsal margin with sparse setae; costal sclerotized band rather narrow, extended to near distal end of valva; sacculus with median caniniform projection and distal cheliform projection, distal half set with dense setae ventrally, distal projection with dorsal margin strongly sclerotized, set with dense and flat-lying spines (except distal half, Figs 15C, 16C) and two moderately downcurved spines pointing towards juxta (sometimes the longer one absent, Figure 16C); sella short and broad, distally inflated, set with modified setae forming editum, varying from fin-shaped to thick needle-shaped, ventral margin upcurved, thickened and sclerotized, distally spinose, ended in long, curved spine. Juxta shield-shaped, pentagonal, distal margin sometimes slightly indented medially. Phallus with distal 1/4 slightly expanded, vesica distally with numerous spinules and several large spicules arranged into funnel-shaped bunch of cornuti (Figs 15D, 16D, rotated in Figure 16D). Female genitalia (Figs 24, 25). Anterior apophysis sclerotized, slightly sinuate at distal third; posterior apophysis oblong, slender, strongly sclerotized. Sinus vaginalis with two large, thick, hook-like notches anterolaterally; lamella postvaginalis sclerotized, band-shaped, extended dorsolaterally to about 1/4 width of sinus vaginalis. Antrum granulated and broad. Ductus bursae long and wide, about two times as long as diameter of corpus bursae; colliculum well-developed, with anterior end narrower. Corpus bursae globular; accessory bursa arising from posterior end of corpus bursae; rhombic signum with carinae weak and widely separated, other two angles bearing dense spines; second signum absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Guangxi, Yunnan), India (Sikkim), Thailand (Chiang Mai).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EE5DF776CFAD2F92083A8AEA67DC93F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
48530F6CC6EEA831B643A5A157FCA009.text	48530F6CC6EEA831B643A5A157FCA009.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinosuncus quadracutus	<div><p>Spinosuncus quadracutus sp. n. Figs 9, 17-18, 26-27, 28</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂; CHINA, Hainan: Mt. Limushan, 19.16N, 109.73E, alt. 662 m, 20.V.2013, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0048, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0002. Paratypes: CHINA, Fujian: 1♂, Guadun, Mt. Wuyishan, 27.74N, 117.64E, alt. 1220 m, 17.V.2012, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0034; Hainan: 2♂, Mt. Limushan, 19.16N, 109.73E, alt. 662 m, 20.V.2013, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0032; 1♂, 1♀, Jianling Reserve, 18.87N, 110.27E, alt. 143 m, 8.IX.2013, leg. Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slides no. SYSU0029 (♂), SYSU0035 (♀, molecular voucher no. SYSU-LEP0001); 1♀, Mt. Diaoluoshan, 18.65N, 109.93E, alt. 98 m, 3.XI.2013, leg. Chen Kai and Chen Xiaohua, genitalia slide no. SYSU0912; 1♀, Nankai Town, Baisha, 19.05N, 109.24E, alt. 294 m, 19.V.2013, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0077.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is indistinguishable from S. aureolalis in wing pattern. In the male genitalia, it can be distinguished from S. aureolalis by the uncus with four prominent pointed spines distally (the median two small and indistinct in S. aureolalis), the blunt distal projection of sacculus (pointed in S. aureolalis) always set with one long spine pointing towards juxta (often with two long spines in S. aureolalis, Figure 15C) and the more spinulose and with arched dorsal margin distal projection (smooth, less arched in S. aureolalis, Figs 15C, 16C). In the female genitalia, it can be differentiated from S. aureolalis by the more closely set dorsolateral extensions of lamella postvaginalis and relatively larger and more closely set hook-like notches of the sinus vaginalis anterolaterally (Figs 26B, 27B).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head. Frons brown, vertex with moderately raised scales projecting between antennae, labial palpus brown, white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus brown, with apex pale yellow. Thorax. Yellow. Legs as described for the genus. Wingspan 26-30 mm. Wing pattern as in S. aureolalis . Abdomen. Fulvous dorsally, apical margin of segments tinged with white. Male genitalia (Figs 17, 18). Uncus tapering from base to middle; laterally membranous and set with several setae ventrally; otherwise strongly sclerotized; with two caniniform teeth medioventrally; distally with four sharp and slender spines, the lateral two longer, about two times as long as the median two. Valva narrow, as in S. aureolalis; transtilla extended ventrally into a long and narrow projection, dorsal margin with sparse setae; costal sclerotized band rather narrow, extended to near distal end of valva; sacculus with central caniniform projection and distal cheliform projection, distal half set with dense setae ventrally, distal projection strongly sclerotized, set with dense and slightly raised spines and one moderately downcurved spine pointing towards juxta; sella short and broad, distally inflated, set with modified setae forming editum, varying form fin-shaped to thick needle-shaped, ventral margin upcurved, thickened and sclerotized, distally spinose, ending in long, curved spine. Juxta shield-shaped, pentagonal, distal margin slightly bifid. Phallus as in S. aureolalis . Female genitalia (Figs 26, 27). Anterior apophysis sclerotized, slightly sin uate in distal third; posterior apophysis oblong, slender, and strongly sclerotized. Sinus vaginalis with two large, thick, hook-like notches anterolaterally; lamella postvaginalis sclerotized, band-shaped, extended dorsolaterally to approximately 1/3 width of sinus vaginalis . Antrum granulated and broad. Ductus bursae long and moderately wide, about two times as long as diameter of corpus bursae; colliculum well-developed, with anterior end narrower. Corpus bursae globular; accessory bursa arising from posterior end of corpus bursae; rhombic signum with carinae well-developed and connected (Figure 26A) or weak and wide separated (Figure 27A), other two angles densely bearing spines, sometimes smooth medially (Figure 27A); second signum absent.</p><p>Etymology .</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin quadri- (four) and acutus (pointed), referring to the distal uncus with four pointed spines.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(Figure 28). China (Fujian, Hainan)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48530F6CC6EEA831B643A5A157FCA009	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Kai;Zhang, Dandan;Li, Houhun	Chen, Kai, Zhang, Dandan, Li, Houhun (2018): Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). ZooKeys 799: 115-151, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.23925
