identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E487D4FFDF4905FDA55F2E86C5FE26.text	03E487D4FFDF4905FDA55F2E86C5FE26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nautilida Agassiz 1847	<div><p>Order Nautilida Agassiz, 1847</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Exogastrically curved or coiled nautiloids with a conch shape ranging from gyroconic or cyrtoconic to more or less tightly coiled. Shell surface smooth or sculptured with a variety of elements (ribs, nodes, spines, longitudinal ridges or lines). Septa simply domed in most species, with the shape of the whorl profile producing suture lines with variable lobes and saddles. Variations in septal shape with inflexions producing deep lobes in some genera. Septal necks short and straight, rarely slightly widened. Connecting rings cylindrical or beaded. Siphuncular or cameral deposits absent. Juvenile conch with cup-shaped initial chamber and narrow siphuncle. Morphological evolution includes the degree of coiling, the shape and size of the juvenile and adult conch and the suture line (after Shimansky 1962b; emended).</p><p>Included suborders</p><p>Nautilina Agassiz, 1847 (Jurassic to Recent); Solenochilina Flower, 1950 (Carboniferous to Permian); Liroceratina Flower, 1955 (Carboniferous to Jurassic); Rutoceratina Shimansky, 1957 (Devonian); Tainoceratina Shimansky, 1957 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Temnocheilina Flower, 1963 (Devonian to Permian); Domatoceratina Korn, 2025 (Carboniferous to Triassic).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFDF4905FDA55F2E86C5FE26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFDE4905FDF358968136FB09.text	03E487D4FFDE4905FDF358968136FB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceratina Korn 2025	<div><p>Suborder Domatoceratina Korn, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Suborder of the order Nautilida, in which a ventrolateral shoulder and an umbilical margin are formed early in ontogeny. Conch usually discoidal, subinvolute to evolute. Juvenile whorl profile circular. Adult whorl profile subquadrate or inverted trapezoidal with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin in the early species, showing modifications during evolution including a concave venter in some derived species. Dorsal whorl zone always present, but usually very small except for some derived species. Juvenile sculpture sometimes with radial ribs on the flank; adult sculpture is usually lacking except for elongate ventrolateral tubercles in derived species. Septa simply domed in most of the species; with septal inflexion and corrugated septa in some lineages. Suture line usually depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles; with distinct lobes in some derived lineages (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included superfamilies</p><p>Grypoceratoidea Hyatt, 1900 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Permoceratoidea Miller &amp; Collinson, 1953 (Permian); Subclymenioidea Shimansky, 1962 (Carboniferous).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Domatoceratina has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFDE4905FDF358968136FB09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFDE4905FDDD5DA186EAF96A.text	03E487D4FFDE4905FDDD5DA186EAF96A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grypoceratoidea Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Superfamily Grypoceratoidea Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Domatoceratina with a discoidal, subinvolute to evolute conch. Whorl profile usually inverted trapezoidal with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin. Derived species show a variation of modifications including a concave venter, a skid-like ventrolateral shoulder and an angular umbilical margin. Whorl overlap extremely small to moderate. Sculpture in most species lacking, in some species with short lateral ribs or ventrolateral nodes. Septa simply domed; suture line strongly dependent on the whorl profile, usually with broadly rounded lobes and narrowly rounded or subangular saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Grypoceratidae Hyatt, 1900; Domatoceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949; Ocunautilidae fam. nov.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A discussion of the Grypoceratoidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFDE4905FDDD5DA186EAF96A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFDE4906FE195E428145FC58.text	03E487D4FFDE4906FE195E428145FC58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceratidae Miller & Youngquist 1949	<div><p>Family Domatoceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Grypoceratoidea with a thinly to thickly discoidal, subinvolute to evolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually compressed subquadrate or inverted trapezoidal. Umbilical margin distinct or sharp; ventrolateral shoulder nearly rectangular to broadly rounded, rarely skid-like. Ornament consisting of fine growth lines; some species have tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line always with rounded but distinct external, lateral and internal lobes separated by a narrowly rounded or subacute saddles; without annular process (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Pselioceras Hyatt, 1884 (Permian); Titanoceras Hyatt, 1884 (Carboniferous); Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891 (Carboniferous to Permian); Pseudometacoceras Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933 [synonym of Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891]; Paradomatoceras Delépine, 1937 (Carboniferous); Plummeroceras Kummel, 1953 (Permian); Neodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Neostenopoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Parapenascoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Parastenopoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Penascoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Permodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Stenodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Virgaloceras Schindewolf, 1954 (Permian); Neostenopoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Shatoceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Omorphoceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2023 (Permian); Fididomatoceras Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Domatoceratidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFDE4906FE195E428145FC58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFDD4907FD9E5D72861AF9A5.text	03E487D4FFDD4907FD9E5D72861AF9A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras Hyatt 1891	<div><p>Genus Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891</p><p>Type species</p><p>Domatoceras umbilicatum Hyatt, 1891; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Domatoceratidae with a subinvolute to evolute conch. High to extremely high coiling rate; whorl profile usually weakly compressed. Venter flattened or weakly concave, flanks usually flattened and slightly convergent; umbilical margin rounded or angular. Without sculpture except for small ventrolateral tubercles in some species. Suture line with small and shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process.</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (Meek &amp; Worthen 1865; Worthen &amp; Meek 1875; Gurley 1883; Hyatt 1891; Miller &amp; Owen 1934; Sturgeon &amp; Miller 1948; Tucker 1976; Tucker &amp; Mapes 1978; Sturgeon et al. 1982; Niko &amp; Mapes 2016b; Niko et al. 2022): Nautilus Lasallensis Meek &amp; Worthen, 1865, Kasimovian, Illinois; Nautilus (Discites) highlandensis Worthen in Worthen &amp; Meek, 1875, Moscovian, Ohio; Discites Toddanus Gurley, 1883, Kasimovian, Missouri; Domatoceras umbilicatum Hyatt, 1891, Moscovian, Kansas; Domatoceras williamsi Miller &amp; Owen, 1934, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras obsoletum Sturgeon, 1946, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras shepherdi Sturgeon, 1948, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras wortheni Tucker, 1976, Kasimovian, Illinois; Domatoceras texanum Tucker &amp; Mapes, 1978, Kasimovian, Texas; Domatoceras oreskovichi Sturgeon, Windle, Mapes &amp; Hoare, 1982, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras collinsvillense Niko &amp; Mapes, 2016, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Domatoceras tuckeri Niko, Mapes &amp; Seuss, 2022, Kasimovian, Texas.</p><p>South China (Ruan &amp; Zhou 1987): Domatoceras quadratum Ruan &amp; Zhou, 1987, Bashkirian, Ningxia. West Russia (Tzwetaev 1888, 1898; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus podolskensis Tzwetaev, 1888, Moscovian, Moscow Basin; Nautilus mosquensis Tzwetaev, 1898, Moscovian, Moscow Basin; Domatoceras (Domatoceras) magister Shimansky, 1967, Moscovian, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>Urals (Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin 2020): Domatoceras bashkiricum Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020, Asselian or Sakmarian, South Urals; Domatoceras sterlitamakense Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020, Asselian or Sakmarian, South Urals.</p><p>Transcaucasia and Iran (Abich 1878; Shimansky 1965; this paper): Nautilus parallelus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus convergens Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Domatoceras gracile Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Domatoceras atypicum Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Domatoceras multituberculatum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Domatoceras canonium sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, Central Iran; Domatoceras ocomphalum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, Central Iran; Domatoceras myloide sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, Central Iran.</p><p>South China (Zhao et al. 1978): Domatoceras guangxiense Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978, Changhsingian, Guangxi.</p><p>Japan (Ehiro &amp; Takizawa 1989): Domatoceras ogatsuense Ehiro &amp; Takizawa, 1989, Wuchiapingian, Kitakami Massif.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The species of the genus Domatoceras have a very similar conch morphology from the Moscovian to the Changhsingian, suggesting a very conservative evolutionary lineage. Shimansky (1967) also included some Serpukhovian species in Domatoceras, but these differ from the typical representatives of the genus in that they have a wider conch and lack a subangular or angular ventrolateral shoulder. These stratigraphically older species may belong to Epidomatoceras Turner, 1954 .</p><p>The similarity in the morphology of the conchs, the virtual absence of sculptural elements and the fact that the suture line depends essentially on the shape of the whorl profile make it difficult to distinguish the species within Domatoceras . Another difficulty is that the species of the genus occur in two phases: the first phase extends from the Moscovian to the Asselian–Sakmarian boundary, and the second phase extends from the Wuchiapingian to the Changhsingian. It should be noted, however, that of the Late Permian species, about ten are known from the Wuchiapingian and only one from the Changhsingian. Apparently, no species are known from the long interval between the Sakmarian and the Capitanian. Some species from the Kungurian and Roadian, which were placed under Domatoceras by Miller &amp; Unklesbay (1942) and Miller &amp; Youngquist (1949), have been assigned to other genera such as Penascoceras by Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky (1954).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFDD4907FD9E5D72861AF9A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFDC4909FDA05F15810BFCA0.text	03E487D4FFDC4909FDA05F15810BFCA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras myloide Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Domatoceras myloide sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 78A31C35-C06A-4B4C-9A86-137219AC51C5</p><p>Fig. 4; Table 1</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Domatoceras with thinly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.35; uw/dm ~0.35), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.90) and very high coiling rate (WER ~2.45) at a conch diameter of 70 mm. Whorl profile with weakly flattened venter, rounded ventrolateral shoulder, flattened and nearly parallel flanks, subangular umbilical margin and steep and flat umbilical wall. Whorl overlap very small. Without sculpture. Suture line with a small and very shallow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘μυλοειδής’=‘millstone-shaped’; because of the conch shape.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 4; MB.C.32101.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 3 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32102 to MB.C.32104.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32101 is a fully chambered internal mould specimen with a conch diameter of 72 mm, which allows the study of one whorl (Fig. 4B). The conch is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/ dm =0.35; uw/dm=0.34) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.47); the whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh =0.90) with a weakly flattened venter, a rounded ventrolateral shoulder, flattened and almost parallel flanks, a subangular umbilical margin and a flattened and steep umbilical wall. The whorl overlap is very small (IZR =0.06) (Fig. 4A). The internal mould appears to be completely lacking sculpture. The suture line is typical for the genus with a shallow external lobe and a much larger and deeper lateral lobe (Fig. 4C). The last half volution of the phragmocone has about 16 chambers (CLI=11).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Domatoceras myloide sp. nov. differs from D. canonium sp. nov. and D. ocomphalum sp. nov. in the nearly parallel flanks, which are convergent in the other two species. Furthermore, D. myloide has a broadly rounded venter and a rounded ventrolateral shoulder, while the other two species have an applanate or even slightly concave venter and an angular ventrolateral shoulder.</p><p>Domatoceras myloide sp. nov. differs from D. elegantulum and D. multituberculatum from Julfa in the nearly parallel flanks, which are convergent in the other two species. Domatoceras parallelum has parallel flanks, but according to the description and illustration by Abich (1878: 17, pl. 2 fig. 2), it has a much wider umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.45) than D. myloide (uw/dm ~0.35).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFDC4909FDA05F15810BFCA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFD2490CFD9E5A0A8752FD1C.text	03E487D4FFD2490CFD9E5A0A8752FD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras canonium Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Domatoceras canonium sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FAC63FFF-26E3-4BF3-9D0B-6701596A9576</p><p>Figs 5–6; Table 2</p><p>Domatoceras sp. – Korn et al. 2021b: text-fig. 17e.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Domatoceras with extremely discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.25; uw/dm ~ 0.35), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.65) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.75) at a conch diameter of 70–80 mm. Whorl profile with weakly concave venter, angular ventrolateral shoulder, flattened convergent flanks, rounded umbilical margin and oblique umbilical wall. Whorl overlap extremely small. Without sculpture, but with small ventrolateral tubercles in the juvenile stage. Suture line with a small and narrow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘κανονίης’=‘slender’; because of the slender conch.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2010; Hairapetian leg.; illustrated in Fig. 5; MB.C.32105.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; MB.C.32106 • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 6; MB.C.30227 • 2 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32107, MB.C.32108.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32105 is a slightly corroded, fully chambered internal mould with a conch diameter of 134 mm (Fig. 5A); the total conch diameter inclusive the body chamber must have been at least 200 mm. The specimen has two and a half whorls, but the early ontogenetic stage of the conch is poorly preserved. The conch is, at 134 mm diameter, extremely discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm =0.22; uw/dm=0.37) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.58); the whorl profile is compressed (ww/wh =0.57) with a weakly concave venter, an angular ventrolateral shoulder, flattened and convergent flanks, a broadly rounded umbilical margin and a convex and oblique umbilical wall. The last whorl hardly embraces the preceding; the whorl overlap zone is extremely small (Fig. 5B). The specimen shows ontogenetic changes in the conch geometry quite clearly. This can mainly be seen in the lowering of the coiling rate; at a conch diameter of 50 mm, the whorl expansion rate is 2.73, at 80 mm diameter 2.72 and at 134 mm diameter only 2.58.</p><p>The conch of the holotype is largely void of sculpture. Only the first whorl has small tubercles on the outer flank. The suture line is characterised by a very small external lobe (owing to the narrow venter) and a much larger, broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 5C). The length of the chambers decreases on the last whorl of the phragmocone. On the first quarter of this whorl there are six septa, on the second seven, on the third there are already nine and on the last there are eleven (CLI decreases from 15 to 8 during one volution). This increasing septal crowding is probably an indication of adulthood.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.30227 is a rather well-preserved, fully chambered internal mould with a conch diameter of 71 mm (Fig. 6B). It largely agrees with the holotype with regard to its conch geometry, if the same conch dimensions are taken into account. However, paratype MB.C.30227 shows a slightly narrower umbilicus (uw/dm= 0.34 at 71 mm dm). The shape of the umbilical margin changes during ontogeny. Up to a diameter of 30 mm it is still subangular; with increasing growth of the conch, it becomes less and less distinct and at 71 mm diameter it is evenly rounded (Fig. 6A).</p><p>The paratype shows a sculpture with small ventrolateral tubercles in the juvenile stage; these tubercles are clearly visible up to a conch diameter of 30 mm. The suture line shows a small rounded external lobe, a broadly rounded lateral lobe about twice as deep and a very small umbilical lobe (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Domatoceras canonium sp. nov. differs from D. ocomphalum sp. nov. and D. myloide sp. nov. in the shape of the umbilicus. Its wall is convex and oblique in D. canonium but flattened and steep in D. ocomphalum and D. myloide . The umbilical margin is rounded in D. canonium but subangular in D. ocomphalum and D. myloide . Furthermore, D. canonium possesses ventrolateral tubercles in the juvenile stage, which are absent in the other two species.</p><p>Domatoceras canonium sp. nov. differs from the species known from Julfa, such as D. elegantulum and D. multituberculatum, in the extremely small whorl overlap. Another difference is the extremely high coiling rate of about 2.75 at a conch diameter of about 80 mm in D. canonium, while this rate reaches only 2.60 in the species from Julfa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFD2490CFD9E5A0A8752FD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFD7490DFD805BBE81AAFA0F.text	03E487D4FFD7490DFD805BBE81AAFA0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras ocomphalum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Domatoceras ocomphalum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 335740F3-E4E5-4185-8313-8521F9287A28</p><p>Fig. 7; Table 3</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Domatoceras with extremely discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.28; uw/dm ~ 0.38), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.70) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.60) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile with flat venter, angular ventrolateral shoulder, convergent flanks, subangular umbilical margin and steep and flattened umbilical wall. Whorl overlap very small. Without sculpture. Suture line with a small and narrow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ομφαλός’= ‘umbilicus’ and ‘ὀξύς’=‘sharp’; because of the subangular umbilical margin.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 7; MB.C.32109.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32109 is a partially corroded specimen with a conch diameter of about 80 mm. It allows the study of two whorls (Fig. 7B). The conch is, at 62 mm diameter, extremely discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.28; uw/dm =0.38) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.58); the whorl profile is compressed (ww/wh = 0.70) with a completely flat venter, an angular ventrolateral shoulder, weakly convex and convergent flanks, a subangular umbilical margin and a flattened and steep umbilical wall (Fig. 7A). The specimen is free of sculpture. The suture line shows a shallow, rounded external lobe and a three times larger, broadly rounded lateral lobe. A small, incipient lobe is visible on the umbilical wall (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Domatoceras ocomphalum sp. nov. differs from D. canonium sp. nov. in the shape of the umbilicus. Its wall is flattened and steep in D. ocomphalum but convex and oblique in D. canonium . The umbilical margin is subangular in D. ocomphalum but rounded in D. canonium . Furthermore, D. ocomphalum lacks ventrolateral tubercles in the juvenile stage.</p><p>Domatoceras ocomphalum sp. nov. differs from D. myloide sp. nov. in the more strongly convergent flanks, which in the latter species are almost parallel and in the flat venter bounded by an angular ventrolateral shoulder, while the venter is convex and bounded by a rounded ventrolateral shoulder in D. myloide .</p><p>Domatoceras ocomphalum sp. nov. has conch proportions similar to D. elegantulum and D. multituberculatum from Julfa, but differs from these species in the lack of ventrolateral nodes in the intermediate stage and the more angular umbilical margin and ventrolateral shoulder.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFD7490DFD805BBE81AAFA0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFD6490EFD9F5CAE8006FB34.text	03E487D4FFD6490EFD9F5CAE8006FB34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocunautilidae Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Family Ocunautilidae fam. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AB88B12B-667A-4001-A82B-52ECBFEA5B5D</p><p>New family – Korn 2025: 65, 69, fig. 42. — Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025: 25.</p><p>Type genus</p><p>Ocunautilus gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Grypoceratoidea with a usually discoidal, subinvolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage weakly compressed or weakly depressed; flanks and venter usually separated by a distinct ventrolateral shoulder, venter more or less concave. Umbilical margin usually subangular or angular, rarely rounded; umbilical wall steep, often flattened. Ornament usually consisting of fine growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line depending on whorl profile with shallow to V-shaped external lobe and shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the type genus Ocunautilus gen. nov.</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Pseudotitanoceras Shimansky, 1965 (Permian); Azarinautilus Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Permian); Ocunautilus gen. nov. (Permian); Aifinautilus gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Grypoceratids with a whorl profile characterised by a concave venter, a pronounced ventrolateral shoulder with skid-like extensions, strongly convergent flanks and an angular umbilical margin occurred iteratively in the Late Carboniferous and the Late Permian. It is not clear whether they are phylogenetically related with each other or belong to independent evolutionary lineages.</p><p>The Late Permian forms are morphologically closely related; they are characterised by an ontogenetically rather late transformation of the juvenile growth stage with rounded or flattened venter into the adult stage with concave venter. Furthermore, the Late Permian forms have rather stout conchs (ww/dm between 0.40 and 0.55), whereas the conchs of the Late Carboniferous forms are usually more slender. The umbilical margin is more pronounced in the Late Permian genera. These are probably good reasons to assume that the Late Permian forms evolved independently of the Late Carboniferous forms and not represent a long-ranging evolutionary lineage.</p><p>The family Ocunautilidae fam. nov. is characterised by a transformation of the originally broadly rounded venter into a more or less concave venter in the middle ontogenetic stage. The new family can therefore easily be derived from the family Domatoceratidae, some species of which also show a similar transformation. In addition to the modification of the venter, some members of the family Ocunautilidae show a narrowing of the umbilicus and a subangular or angular shape of the umbilical margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFD6490EFD9F5CAE8006FB34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFD5490FFDAB5DA686F5FDB0.text	03E487D4FFD5490FFDAB5DA686F5FDB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocunautilus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Genus Ocunautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1E0C7C57-E989-44E6-998D-730ECB2C672E</p><p>New genus A – Korn 2025: 43. — Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025: 28.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Ocunautilus diplodocus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Ocunautilidae fam. nov. with a subinvolute conch. Extremely to extraordinarily high coiling rate; whorl profile inverted trapezoidal, weakly compressed or weakly depressed with concave or flat venter and flattened, convergent flanks. Sculpture in the adult stage absent; in the juvenile stage sometimes with short ribs on the flank. Suture line with a shallow to deep V-shaped external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Greek ‘ὀξύς’=‘sharp’ and ‘ναυτίλος’; because of the angular ventrolateral shoulder.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Ocunautilus diplodocus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Ocunautilus coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Ocunautilus tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ocunautilus gen. nov. can hardly be confused with any other genus of Late Permian nautilids because of its very characteristic conch shape. The rather sharp umbilical margin, the flattened and rapidly converging flanks, the angular, skid-like ventrolateral shoulder and the more or less clearly concave venter allow a clear separation. Pseudotitanoceras is similar to Ocunautilus, but this genus is distinguished by the presence of tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder. Shimansky (1965) mentioned that among his P. armeniacum material there were also specimens without ventrolateral tubercles. Perhaps these do belong to Ocunautilus rather than Pseudotitanoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFD5490FFDAB5DA686F5FDB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFD44910FDE85B1B8175FD00.text	03E487D4FFD44910FDE85B1B8175FD00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocunautilus diplodocus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Ocunautilus diplodocus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46279074-DA8A-42D6-B45C-8C639250C01A</p><p>Fig. 8; Table 4</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Ocunautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.42; uw/dm ~0.20), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.85) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.95) at a conch diameter of 100 mm. Whorl profile inverted trapezoidal with deeply concave venter, angular ventrolateral shoulder, flattened and weakly convergent flanks, angular umbilical margin and steep and weakly concave umbilical wall. Whorl overlap small (IZR ~ 0.12). Without sculpture. Suture line with a very deep, rounded V-shaped external lobe, an angular ventrolateral saddle, a shallow and broadly rounded lateral lobe and a very small umbilical lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘διπλόος’=‘double’ and ‘ὀξύς’=‘sharp’; because of the double-keeled venter.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 8; MB.C.32110.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 2 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32111, MB.C.32112.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32110 is a fragment showing slightly more than a quarter whorl of the phragmocone and a poorly preserved piece of the penultimate whorl (Fig. 8A). The fragment has a maximum whorl height of 51 mm; from this, a diameter of 105 mm can be reconstructed. On the basis of this calculated diameter, the conch parameters can be determined. The conch is thinly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/ dm ~ 0.42; uw/dm ~ 0.21) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.96). The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh= 0.87) with a deeply concave venter that is bordered by a sharp, skid-like ventrolateral shoulder; the flanks are flattened and convergent. Most conspicuous is the angular umbilical margin, which borders the weakly concave, incurved umbilical wall (Fig. 8B). The whorl overlap is small (IZR =0.14). The specimen does not show any sculpture. The suture line is strongly influenced by the outline of the whorl profile; it is characteristic because of the narrow and deep, V-shaped external lobe, which is separated from the broadly rounded lateral lobe by a subangular ventrolateral saddle (Fig. 8C). The last quarter volution of the phragmocone consists of seven chambers (CLI = 13); there occurs weak septal approximation toward the aperture.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ocunautilus diplodocus gen. et sp. nov. differs from the other two species O. coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov. and O. tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov. from Baghuk Mountain by the much more deeply concave venter; accordingly, the external lobe of O. diplodocus is also much deeper and narrower.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFD44910FDE85B1B8175FD00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFCA4912FDE558718173FBC1.text	03E487D4FFCA4912FDE558718173FBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocunautilus coelodesmus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Ocunautilus coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FC07FF9A-4B9C-4162-8BFD-9B43A2E3052C</p><p>Fig. 9; Table 5</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Ocunautilus gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.55; uw/dm ~0.25), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.10) and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER ~3.40) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile inverted trapezoidal with moderately concave venter, subangular ventrolateral shoulder, flattened and strongly convergent flanks, angular umbilical margin and steep and flat umbilical wall. Whorl overlap small (IZR ~0.08). Without sculpture, but juvenile conch with weak, backwardly directed ribs on the inner flank, ending in low and blunt nodes on the midflank. Suture line with a rather deep, rounded V-shaped external lobe, an angular ventrolateral saddle, a shallow and broadly rounded lateral lobe and a very small umbilical lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘κόιλος’=‘hollow’ and ‘δεσμός’=‘band, brace’; because of the shape of the venter.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 9; MB.C.32113.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; MB.C.32114.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32113 is an incomplete, almost fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 57 mm (Fig. 9B). It is preserved as an internal mould, but shows some shell remains. The conch is, at a conch diameter of 57 mm, thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm =0.55; uw/dm= 0.23) with an extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER=3.38). There occurs an ontogenetic decrease of the coiling rate; at a conch diameter of 37.5 mm, it has even a value of 3.70. The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/ wh= 1.12) with a weakly concave venter that is bordered by a sharp ventrolateral shoulder; the flanks are nearly flat and strongly convergent. The umbilical margin is subangular and the umbilical wall is steep and flat (Fig. 9A). The whorl overlap is small (IZR =0.08). The few preserved shell remains of the holotype show no ornamentation or sculpture. The internal mould, however, has very small tubercles on the angular ventrolateral shoulder in the preadult stage up to a diameter of about 35 mm. The flanks bear very shallow, from the umbilical margin backwardly directed ribs, which strengthen in the middle of the flank to form very low, broad conical nodes. The suture line is dependent on the cross-sectional shape of the whorl; it has a rather deep, rounded V-shaped external lobe, an angular saddle on the ventrolateral shoulder and a broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 9C). The last quarter volution of the phragmocone has about seven chambers (CLI =13).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ocunautilus coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov. occupies an intermediate position between O. diplodocus gen. et sp. nov. and O. tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov. as far as the concavity of the venter is concerned; in O. diplodocus the venter is much more deeply concave and in O. tachytrephus it is nearly flat. Ocunautilus coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov. has very similar conch proportions to O. tachytrephus, but differs in the concave umbilical wall, which is weakly convex in O. tachytrephus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFCA4912FDE558718173FBC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC94914FDE75DE886B4FD7D.text	03E487D4FFC94914FDE75DE886B4FD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocunautilus tachytrephus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Ocunautilus tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3C21BF76-5C82-4F5E-B39F-43499C76950D</p><p>Fig. 10; Table 6</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Ocunautilus gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.50; uw/dm ~0.25), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.10) and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER ~ 3.35) at a conch diameter of 80 mm. Whorl profile inverted trapezoidal with weakly concave venter, angular ventrolateral shoulder, flattened and weakly convergent flanks, angular umbilical margin and steep and weakly convex, flattened umbilical wall. Whorl overlap very small (IZR ~ 0.04). Without sculpture, but first whorl with low, blunt nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe, a subangular ventrolateral saddle, a shallow and broadly rounded lateral lobe and a very small umbilical lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ταχύς’= ‘rapid’ and ‘τρέφω’=‘enlarge’; because of the high coiling rate.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 10; MB.C.32115.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32115 is a fully chambered, partially corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 85 mm (Fig. 10A). It has slightly more than two volutions; the first volution has a diameter of about 24 mm and an umbilical foramen of about 4 mm diameter. The conch is, at a conch diameter of 85 mm, thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.51; uw/dm =0.24) with an extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER= 3.35). Measurements from a position half a volution before result in similar ratios of conch geometry, but there occurs an ontogenetic decrease of the coiling rate; at a conch diameter of 48 mm, it has a value of about 3.50. The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh =1.08) with a very weakly concave venter that is bordered by a sharp ventrolateral shoulder; the flanks are nearly flat and convergent. The umbilical margin is angular and the umbilical wall is steep and weakly convex. The whorl overlap is very small (IZR =0.04). The specimen shows that the venter is still convex at a conch diameter of 24 mm, although it is already slightly flattened; the venter is completely applanate at a conch diameter of 48 mm (Fig. 10B). The conch is largely free of sculpture and ornament. On the first half of the last volution, the ventrolateral shoulder bears very low and blunt conical nodes. The suture line extends with a broadly rounded external lobe, a subangular ventrolateral saddle, a shallow lateral lobe and a very small umbilical lobe (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ocunautilus tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov. differs from the other two species O. diplodocus gen. et sp. nov. and O. coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov. from Baghuk Mountain in the shape of the umbilical wall (convex in O. tachytrephus, but concave in the other species) and in the only weakly developed concavity of the venter. Ocunautilus tachytrephus has similar conch proportions as O. coelodesmus, but shows a flattening of the venter only at a larger conch diameter. This flattening occurs at about 35 mm in O. tachytrephus, but already at about 20 mm in O. coelodesmus .</p><p>Pseudotitanoceras armeniacus (Abich, 1878) has similar conch proportions, but differs from O. tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov. by a distinctly concave venter as well as the presence of tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin. Some of the specimens without tubercles mentioned by Shimansky (1965) may belong to O. coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC94914FDE75DE886B4FD7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFCF4915FDB65A5C81F8FE25.text	03E487D4FFCF4915FDB65A5C81F8FE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aifinautilus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Genus Aifinautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C251419E-4EF4-4D59-BBAA-FEEA876287CC</p><p>New genus B – Korn 2025: 43. — Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025: 30.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Aifinautilus icanus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Ocunautilidae fam. nov. with a subinvolute conch. High coiling rate; whorl profile rounded rectangular, weakly depressed with concave venter. Without sculpture. Suture line with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘αἴφνης’= ‘suddenly, unexpected’; because of the unexpected conch form of a Permian nautiloid.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025): Aifinautilus hebes Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Aifinautilus icanus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Aifinautilus gen. nov. is difficult to confuse with any other genus of Palaeozoic nautiloids because of its peculiar conch morphology with the box-shaped whorl profile, the concave venter, the skid-like ventrolateral shoulder, parallel flanks and flattened umbilical wall. Ocunautilus gen. nov. differs from Aifinautilus by its clearly convergent flanks, resulting in a much narrower venter; it has an angular ventrolateral shoulder and an angular umbilical margin. Pseudotitanoceras also has convergent flanks and is characterised by a row of nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder and sometimes also at the umbilical margin (Shimansky 1965: 163).</p><p>The conch of Aifinautilus gen. nov. is very similar to that of some species of the Triassic genus Germanonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (e.g., Mojsisovics 1902; Dzik 1984; Sobolev 1989). The main difference between the two genera is the presence of an annular lobe in Germanonautilus, which is absent in Aifinautilus . The siphuncle has a more dorsal position in Germanonautilus .</p><p>The Late Carboniferous genus Titanoceras has a superficially similar conch shape with a concave venter and almost parallel flanks. However, the conch of Titanoceras has almost non-overlapping whorls and the sculpture is characterised by ventrolateral tubercles. Shimansky (1965: 163) has already suggested that the Late Carboniferous ( Titanoceras) and Late Permian forms ( Pseudotitanoceras) belong to two independent, homoeomorphic evolutionary lineages and that both arose from Domatoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFCF4915FDB65A5C81F8FE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFCE4918FD8D58948691FD1A.text	03E487D4FFCE4918FD8D58948691FD1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aifinautilus icanus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Aifinautilus icanus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8E2C5B5B-1C6B-4492-8D76-89F957B1DCC1</p><p>Figs 11–13; Table 7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Aifinautilus gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.50; uw/dm ~ 0.25), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.10) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.30) at a conch diameter of 110 mm. Whorl profile with weakly concave venter, rounded ventrolateral shoulder, weakly convergent flanks, rounded umbilical wall, weakly concave umbilical wall and moderately deep imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.25). Without sculpture. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a very shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἱκανός‘ =‘competent’; because of the robust conch.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Figs 11–12; MB.C.32116.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 13; MB.C.32117 • 3 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32118 to MB.C.32120.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32116 is an almost complete, but partially corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 114 mm (Figs 11, 12A). It is largely chambered; only a small part of the specimen belongs to the body chamber. The conch is, at a conch diameter of 114 mm, thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/ dm = 0.48; uw/dm = 0.24) with a very high coiling rate (WER= 2.31) and moderately wide whorl overlap (IZR =0.23). The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.09) with a slightly concave venter that is bordered by a rounded ventrolateral shoulder; the flanks are broadly convex and weakly convergent. The umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and the umbilical wall is steep and weakly incurved. The last whorl shows a modification in the profile. At the beginning it is inverted trapezoidal with fairly convergent flanks and a subangular ventrolateral shoulder (Fig. 12B). The specimen does not show any traces of sculpture. The length of the phragmocone chambers shows considerable changes during the last volution. The first quarter of this whorl consists of six chambers (CLI = 15); considerable septal crowding at the end of the phragmocone causes the number to increase to about 12 (CLI =7.5). Especially the last six septa are very closely spaced. The suture line shows a shallow and broadly rounded external lobe, a narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle, a shallow lateral lobe twice as deep than the external lobe and a very small umbilical lobe (Fig. 12C).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32117 is an incomplete, fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 63 mm (Fig. 13B). It corresponds largely to the holotype in its conch proportions and also shows a weakly concave umbilical wall, almost parallel flanks, a rounded but pronounced ventrolateral shoulder and a weakly concave venter (Fig. 13A). The suture line has a shallow external lobe, a narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a broadly rounded lateral lobe that is twice as deep as the external lobe (Fig. 13C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Specimens of Aifinautilus icanus gen. et sp. nov. can hardly be confused with any other species of Baghuk Mountain. Species of the genus Ocunautilus gen. nov. show similarities in conch shape, but there are some easily recognisable differences. In A. icanus, the flanks are almost parallel, while in the species of Ocunautilus they are distinctly convergent. Another distinguishing criterion is the coiling rate, which is considerably lower in A. icanus (WER ~ 2.25) than in Ocunautilus (WER mostly over 3.00).</p><p>There are great similarities of A. icanus gen. et sp. nov. to species of the Triassic genus Germanonautilus . For example, A. icanus shows very close agreement in conch morphology with G. bidorsatus (Schlotheim, 1820), as was shown by Dzik (1984: 166, text-fig. 64). However, Germanonautilus differs from Aifinautilus gen. nov. by the presence of an annular lobe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFCE4918FD8D58948691FD1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC34918FDD05BB484C5FA2E.text	03E487D4FFC34918FDD05BB484C5FA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Azarinautilus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Azarinautilus Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025</p><p>Type species</p><p>Azarinautilus nahidae Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Ocunautilidae fam. nov. with a rather small, subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile lyriform, venter moderately to deeply concave and bordered by raised keels, umbilical margin broadly rounded or subangular. Sculpture with conical nodes or shallow ribs in the midflank area. Suture line with narrow, rounded external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe (from Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025).</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025): Azarinautilus nahidae Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Azarinautilus phorminx sp. nov., Changhsingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Azarinautilus has an isolated position within the family Domatoceratidae because of its conch shape and sculpture. A comparably distinctly concave venter has apparently not been described from any other genus of the family; however, species of Fididomatoceras show a flat or slightly concave venter bordered laterally by low ridges.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC34918FDD05BB484C5FA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC34919FD915C8084BEFA11.text	03E487D4FFC34919FD915C8084BEFA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Azarinautilus phorminx Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Azarinautilus phorminx sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 91FE758E-E2BC-45B0-BE73-90A885833281</p><p>Fig. 14; Table 8</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Azarinautilus with thickly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.40; uw/dm ~ 0.32), equidimensional whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.00) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.30) at a conch diameter of 45 mm. Whorl profile rounded lyriform with strongly convergent, broadly convex flanks; venter moderately concave, umbilical margin subangular. Whorl overlap small (IZR ~0.15). Sculpture with short ribs in the midflank area. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a very shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘φόρμιγξ’=the ancient Greek lyre; because of the whorl profile.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain section G; Hambast Formation, Paratirolites beds (late Changhsingian), 2 m below top; 2012; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 14; MB.C.32121.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32121 is a somewhat corroded internal mould with a diameter of 46 mm (Fig. 14B). About 135 degrees of the last whorl belong to the body chamber. The conch is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm=0.40; uw/dm=0.32) with a very high coiling rate (WER=2.32). The whorl profile is almost equidimensional (ww/wh = 0.99) and shows a narrow, slightly concave venter that is separated by a rounded ventrolateral shoulder from the convex flanks. The whorl profile is widest near the rounded umbilical margin; the flanks are strongly convergent. The umbilical margin is pronounced and subangular and the low umbilical wall is steep. The whorl overlap rate is small (IZR ~ 0.15). The shape of the whorl profile changes significantly in the last volution. At the beginning it shows almost parallel flanks and a flattened venter with a shallow longitudinal depression (Fig. 14A). The sculpture also changes on the last volution. At the beginning there are only very fine riblets on the inner flank; these grade into rather strong, sharp ribs. They start directly at the umbilical margin and are directed forward. In the middle of the flank they become weaker and disappear completely. The suture line shows a very shallow, broadly rounded external lobes as well as two very shallow lobes on the flank (Fig. 14C). This course strongly depends on the shape of the respective whorl profile at the position of the septum. There are about 12 chambers in the last half volution of the phragmocone (CLI =15).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Azarinautilus phorminx sp. nov. differs from A. nahidae from Julfa in the much less concave venter, the subangular umbilical margin and the slightly wider umbilicus (uw/dm&gt; 0.30 in A. phorminx, but only 0.25 in A. nahidae). The suture line of A. phorminx shows a very shallow external lobe, which is much deeper in A. nahidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC34919FD915C8084BEFA11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC1491AFDD35A9781EFF949.text	03E487D4FFC1491AFDD35A9781EFF949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Superfamily Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Tainoceratina with a discoidal, subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in phylogenetically early species subquadrate with distinct ventrolateral shoulder and distinct umbilical margin. Derived species show a variation of modifications including trapezoidal, inverted trapezoidal or hexagonal whorl profiles with a less angular ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin. Whorl overlap is always very small. Sculpture in phylogenetically early species with transverse ribs and ventrolateral nodes, in derived species often with ribs and several rows of nodes. Septa simply domed, in derived species with a dorsal inflexion that produces an annular process. Suture line with broadly rounded lateral lobe and shallow lobe or low saddle on the venter (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Pleuronautilidae Hyatt, 1900 (Permian to Triassic); Gzheloceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Carboniferous to Permian); Mosquoceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Carboniferous to Permian); Aktubonautilidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Rhiphaeoceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Metacoceratidae Korn, 2025 (Carboniferous to Permian); Foordiceratidae Korn, 2025 (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the superfamily Pleuronautiloidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC1491AFDD35A9781EFF949	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC1491AFDE758708199FC25.text	03E487D4FFC1491AFDE758708199FC25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceratina Shimansky 1957	<div><p>Suborder Tainoceratina Shimansky, 1957</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Suborder of the order Nautilida, in which a ventrolateral shoulder and an umbilical margin are formed early in ontogeny in the advanced species. Conch usually discoidal, subinvolute to evolute. Juvenile whorl profile depressed oval or circular. Adult whorl profile depressed oval or reniform in the early species, showing numerous modifications during evolution (inverted trapezoidal, trapezoidal or polygonal whorl profiles or with ventral depression). Dorsal whorl zone always present, but usually very small. Juvenile sculpture with radial ribs on the flank; adult sculpture with radial ribs on the flank, ventrolateral nodes or several rows of nodes in derived species. Septa simply domed; with dorsal inflexion in advanced species. Suture line depending on the whorl profile, with shallow lobes and low saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included superfamilies</p><p>Tainoceratoidea Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt, 1900 (Carboniferous to Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the suborder Tainoceratina has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC1491AFDE758708199FC25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC1491BFDF85E60876FFC28.text	03E487D4FFC1491BFDF85E60876FFC28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacoceratidae Korn 2025	<div><p>Family Metacoceratidae Korn, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Pleuronautiloidea with an equidimensional or more commonly weakly depressed, trapezoidal to inverted trapezoidal whorl profile. Venter usually flattened, but ranging from slightly convex to slightly concave. Ventrolateral shoulder often prominent, ranging from broadly rounded to subangular. Flanks weakly convergent, parallel or weakly divergent, usually flattened and ranging from weakly convex to weakly concave. Umbilical margin usually pronounced, usually subangular in the intermediate growth stage. Sculpture with ventrolateral conical nodes, often with dorsolateral nodes and low ribs on the flank. Suture line with shallow lobes and low saddles. Internal lobe very shallow, without annular process (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Metacoceras Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Mojsvaroceras Hyatt, 1883 (Triassic); Huanghoceras Yin, 1933 (Permian);? Shansinautilus Yabe &amp; Mabuti, 1935 (Permian); Cooperoceras Miller, 1945 (Permian); Epimetacoceras Librovitch, 1946 (Carboniferous) (nomen nudum); Pseudofoordiceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Pseudotemnocheilus Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Tanchiashanites Zhao, 1954 (Permian); Mahoningoceras Murphy, 1974 (Carboniferous); Lichuanoceras Xu, 1977 (Permian); Sinotitanoceras Pan, 1983 (Permian); Anthodiscoceras Qin, 1986 (Permian); Serometacoceras Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed account of the research history of Metacoceras and genera with similar morphology has been given by Korn (2025). Therefore, only the differences between the new genus Serometacoceras and Metacoceras will be discussed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC1491BFDF85E60876FFC28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC0491CFDC75A83814FFCCD.text	03E487D4FFC0491CFDC75A83814FFCCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Serometacoceras Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025</p><p>Type species</p><p>Pleuronautilus Verae von Arthaber, 1900: 216; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Metacoceratidae with a subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile equidimensional or more or less strongly depressed, usually trapezoidal with weakly divergent flanks. Venter usually weakly convex or flattened; ventrolateral shoulder narrowly or broadly rounded. Umbilical margin pronounced and subangular in the intermediate growth stage, rounded in the adult stage. Sculpture with conical nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder or on the umbilical margin or both, sometimes connected by low ribs on the flank. Suture line with a shallow external lobe or a very low external saddle and a broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process. Siphuncle small with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre (from Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Transcaucasia and NW Iran (Abich 1878; von Arthaber 1900; Shimansky 1965; Kotlyar et al. 1989; Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025): Nautilus dorso armatus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus tubercularis Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus incertus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Pleuronautilus Verae von Arthaber, 1900, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Metacoceras dorashamense Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Pleuronautilus dzhulfensis Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan [synonym of Serometacoceras verae]; Pleuronautilus costalis Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Armenia; Pleuronautilus dzhagadzurensis Zakharov in Kotlyar et al., 1989, Capitanian, Azerbaijan; Serometacoceras inflatum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Serometacoceras cingulum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Serometacoceras parvituberculatum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Serometacoceras arasense Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Changhsingian, NW Iran.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Serometacoceras pentagonum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian. Pakistan (Waagen 1879; Reed 1931, 1944): Nautilus latissimus Waagen, 1879, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Gyroceras Medlicottianum Waagen, 1879, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Metacoceras warchense Reed, 1931, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Metacoceras chittidilense Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Parametacoceras venustum Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>South China (Xu 1977; Zheng 1984; Ma 1997): Metacoceras hunanense Xu, 1977, Changhsingian, Hunan; Pleuronautilus changxingensis Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978, Changhsingian, Zhejiang; Pleuronautilus zhongyingensis Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Pleuronautilus magnus Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Pleuronautilus anfuensis Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Pleuronautilus curvatus Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Pleuronautilus robustus Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Korn &amp; Ghaderi (2025) placed the morphocline with “ Nautilus dorso armatus ” and “ Pleuronautilus Verae ” entirely in the genus Serometacoceras . Some representatives of these Late Permian forms, previously attributed to Pleuronautilus, do in fact have a sculpture very reminiscent of Pleuronautilus, but they lack the annular process. They may also belong to Serometacoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC0491CFDC75A83814FFCCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC7491DFDF55AEF800DFB7D.text	03E487D4FFC7491DFDF55AEF800DFB7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras pentagonum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras pentagonum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2FF8B350-39A8-46CF-AD42-1C10F79C1820</p><p>Fig. 15; Table 9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras with thickly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.50; uw/dm ~ 0.32), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.15) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.65) at a conch diameter of 40 mm. Whorl profile weakly depressed with nearly parallel flanks; venter broadly convex, flanks weakly concave. Sculpture with pairs of about 20 low ventrolateral nodes and weak umbilical nodes per volution; the nodes are connected by weak ribs on the midflank. Suture line with a shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘πέντε’=‘five’ and ‘γόνυ’=‘knee, angle’; because of the pentagonal whorl profile.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 15; MB.C.32122.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32122 is a rather small phragmocone with a conch diameter of only 38 mm (Fig. 15B). The conch is thickly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.49; uw/dm = 0.32) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER= 2.65). The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh= 1.16) with a slightly convex venter and a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The flanks are very slightly flattened and slowly divergent; the umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and the umbilical wall is steep and convex (Fig. 15A). The sculpture consists of very low, about ten conical ventrolateral nodes on a half volution, which show a very weak continuation across the flanks and are connected to barely visible umbilical nodes. The suture line has shallow, broadly rounded external and lateral lobes and a very small lobe on the umbilical wall (Fig. 15C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Serometacoceras pentagonum sp. nov. is similar to the Transcaucasian species S. verae in conch shape. However, the two species differ in the suture line (external saddle in S. verae, external lobe in S. pentagonum) and the sculpture (midflank nodes in S. verae). Serometacoceras pentagonum differs from the other Transcaucasian species in the more robust conch (ww/dm ~ 0.50 in contrast to 0.40–0.45), the narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.30 in contrast to ~0.35) and the convexly rounded venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC7491DFDF55AEF800DFB7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC6491DFD845C5C841CF8D5.text	03E487D4FFC6491DFD845C5C841CF8D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foordiceratidae Korn 2025	<div><p>Family Foordiceratidae Korn, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Tainoceratoidea with a trapezoidal whorl profile; ventrolateral shoulder rounded, flanks strongly divergent. Sculpture with ventrolateral conical nodes, sometimes with low ribs on the flank. Suture line with shallow lobes and low saddles. Internal lobe very shallow, without annular process (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Araxonautilus Shimansky, 1979 (Permian); Foordiceras Hyatt, 1893 (Permian); Tardunautilus Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025 (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of Foordiceras and genera with similar morphology has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC6491DFD845C5C841CF8D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC5491EFD98587087B3FB67.text	03E487D4FFC5491EFD98587087B3FB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foordiceras Hyatt 1893	<div><p>Genus Foordiceras Hyatt, 1893</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus goliathus Waagen, 1879; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Foordiceratidae with a subevolute conch with equidimensional or depressed trigonal or trapezoidal whorl profile. Umbilical margin in the intermediate stage pronounced and subangular, in the adult stage missing. Sculpture with coarse nodes on the ventral shoulder. Suture line with shallow external lobe or low external saddle and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process. Siphuncle with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>Pakistan (de Koninck 1863; Waagen 1879; Reed 1931): Nautilus Flemingianus de Koninck, 1863, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Nautilus goliathus Waagen, 1879, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Foordiceras grypoceroides Reed, 1931, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>Central Europe (Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007): Foordiceras dolomiticum Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Foordiceras eicosacanthum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Foordiceras decacanthum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Foordiceras ascetum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Foordiceras is a genus that has been interpreted in very different ways. Miller &amp; Youngquist (1949) defined it very broadly and included a number of species that are now placed in other genera such as Pseudofoordiceras (Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky 1954) . Here, Foordiceras is reduced to a narrow morphological circle, which is mainly defined by the rounded triangular or trapezoidal whorl profile and a sculpture with coarse ventrolateral nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC5491EFD98587087B3FB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFC54920FD875C5787BFFB3A.text	03E487D4FFC54920FD875C5787BFFB3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foordiceras eicosacanthum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Foordiceras eicosacanthum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 439D1047-04C8-45E8-A26D-7B8F74784441</p><p>Fig. 16; Table 10</p><p>Endolobus sp. – Korn et al. 2021: text-fig. 17a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Foordiceras with thickly discoidal, evolute conch (ww/dm ~0.47; uw/dm ~0.47), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.75) and moderately high coiling rate (WER ~ 1.80) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile rounded trapezoidal with strongly divergent, flattened flanks; venter flattened. Sculpture with about 20 weak, blunt ventrolateral ribs per volution. Suture line with a very wide and shallow external lobe and a very shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘εἴκοσι’=‘twenty’ and ‘ἄκανθα’=‘thorn, spine’; because of the 20 ventrolateral nodes.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 16A–C; MB.C.30223.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 16D–F; MB.C.32123 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.30223 is an incomplete internal mould with a conch diameter of 57 mm; it is fully chambered (Fig. 16B). The conch width had to be reconstructed; it appears that the conch is thickly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm ~0.48; uw/dm= 0.47) with a moderately high coiling rate (WER= 1.81). The whorl profile is moderately depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.80) and rounded trapezoidal with a flatly rounded venter and a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The divergent flanks are slightly flattened; an umbilical margin is not present (Fig. 16A). The sculpture consists of low conical ventrolateral nodes, of which there are 10 on half a volution. They are entirely confined to the ventrolateral shoulder and the outer flank and are as wide as their interspaces. The suture line shows a very wide, very shallow external lobe and a very shallow lateral lobe (Fig. 16C). The septa are rather short in the last quarter volution of the phragmocone has about eight chambers (CLI =11); in the penultimate volution, there are only six chambers on a quarter whorl (CLI=15).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32123 is a partially corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 68 mm (Fig. 16E). One whorl between a conch diameter of 20 and 37 mm is rather well-preserved and allows the study of the conch geometry and sculpture. In both features as well as in the suture line (Fig. 16F) the paratype agrees well with the holotype. The number of chambers remains the same in the last volution; in both last half volutions the phragmocone has 15 chambers each (CLI=12). The third last half volution has 12 chambers (CLI =15).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Foordiceras eicosacanthum sp. nov. differs from F. decacanthum sp. nov. and F. ascetum sp. nov. in the rather small and more numerous ventrolateral nodes, of which there are ten on half a volution, while there are only five very coarse nodes on half a volution in the other two species. Furthermore, F. eicosacanthum has a more strongly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.75) than F. decacanthum (ww/ wh ~ 1.25) and F. ascetum (ww/wh ~1.00).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFC54920FD875C5787BFFB3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFFB4922FD8C5D948647FEFF.text	03E487D4FFFB4922FD8C5D948647FEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foordiceras decacanthum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Foordiceras decacanthum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FEB57A12-32B4-461B-968A-0037BCC865E6</p><p>Fig. 17; Table 11</p><p>Metacoceras sp. – Korn et al. 2021: text-fig. 17b.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Foordiceras with thinly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~ 0.44), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.25) and high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.10) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile trapezoidal with divergent, convex flanks; venter flattened, umbilical margin incipient. Sculpture with about 10 very coarse, blunt ventrolateral ribs per volution. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a very shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘δέκα’=‘ten’ and ‘ἄκανθα’=‘thorn, spine’; because of the ten ventrolateral nodes per volution.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 17; MB.C.30224.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.30224 is an incomplete, but rather well-preserved internal mould with a diameter of 62 mm (Fig. 17B). The conch is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm= 0.41; uw/dm =0.44) with a high coiling rate (WER= 2.08); the whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh =1.27) and rounded trapezoidal with a flatly rounded venter and a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The divergent flanks are convex; a rudimentary umbilical margin is developed (Fig. 17A). The sculpture consists of about 10 very large, but low ventrolateral nodes per volution; these nodes have a rounded conical shape and continue as very low ribs on the flank. They are much wider than the spaces between them. These ribs are considerably more prominent on the penultimate whorl, at a conch diameter of about 25 mm, than on the last whorl. The suture line shows a very shallow external lobe and a very shallow lateral lobe (Fig. 17C). The last half volution of the phragmocone has about 12 chambers (CLI = 15).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Foordiceras decacanthum sp. nov. differs from F. eicosacanthum sp. nov., which possesses a similar conch geometry, in the number and formation of the ventrolateral nodes. Foordiceras decacanthum has only five very coarse nodes on half a whorl, whereas F. eicosacanthum has ten much smaller nodes. Foordiceras decacanthum has a very similar sculpture to F. ascetum sp. nov., but shows a depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.25), whereas in F. ascetum this is almost equidimensional (ww/wh ~1.00). Another criterion to separate F. decacanthum from the rather similar F. ascetum is in the width of the nodes; in F. decacanthum they are wider than the interspaces, while they are only half as wide as their interspaces in F. ascetum .</p><p>Foordiceras decacanthum sp. nov. differs from the superficially similar F. goliathus, which also possesses very coarse ventrolateral nodes, in the much wider umbilicus. The uw/dm ratio is about 0.45 in F. decacanthum, but only around 0.30 in F. goliathus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFFB4922FD8C5D948647FEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF94923FDAC58DE81B9FB96.text	03E487D4FFF94923FDAC58DE81B9FB96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foordiceras ascetum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Foordiceras ascetum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B448394B-F0E2-42D2-9EFA-FA09D8C8E1A7</p><p>Fig. 18; Table 12</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Foordiceras with thinly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.33; uw/dm ~0.43), nearly equidimensional whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.00) and high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.20) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile trapezoidal with weakly divergent, flattened flanks; venter flattened, umbilical margin incipient. Sculpture with about 10 coarse, blunt ventrolateral ribs per volution. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a very shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἀσκητός’= ‘decorated’; because of the sculpture.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 18; MB.C.32124.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32124 is an internal mould with a diameter of 86 mm, but the last portion is poorly preserved (Fig. 18B). The conch is, at 62 mm diameter, thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm=0.33; uw/dm = 0.43) with a high coiling rate (WER = 2.21). The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/ wh = 0.98) and rounded trapezoidal with a nearly flat venter and a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The weakly divergent flanks are flattened; an umbilical margin is only barely visible (Fig. 18A). The sculpture has five prominent conical nodes per half volution in the outer area of the flank; these nodes show a low extension on the flank towards the umbilicus. The nodes are narrower than their interspaces. The suture line shows shallow, broadly rounded lobes on venter and flanks (Fig. 18C). The last half volution of the phragmocone has about 16 chambers (CLI=11).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Foordiceras ascetum sp. nov. differs from F. eicosacanthum sp. nov. and F. decacanthum sp. nov. in the nearly equidimensional whorl profile (ww/wh =1.00), which is depressed in the other two species (ww/ wh= 1.75 in F. eicosacanthum and = 1.25 in F. decacanthum). Another criterion to separate F. ascetum from the rather similar F. decacanthum is in the width of the nodes; in F. ascetum they are only half as wide as their interspaces, while they are wider than the interspaces in F. decacanthum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF94923FDAC58DE81B9FB96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF84923FDD45D3886B6F875.text	03E487D4FFF84923FDD45D3886B6F875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tardunautilus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Tardunautilus Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Foordiceratidae with evolute conch; whorl profile rounded triangular or rounded trapezoidal, depressed with broadly rounded venter. Sculpture with one or two rows of conical ribs near the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line with very shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process (from Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025).</p><p>Type species</p><p>Tardunautilus nimius Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025; by original designation.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025): Tardunautilus nimius Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian; Tardunautilus minor Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Tardunautilus aperimos sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus can be easily distinguished from all other genera in the assemblage from Baghuk Mountain because of its combination of a conch shape with a wide umbilicus, a rounded triangular or rounded trapezoidal whorl profile and a sculpture consisting of conical nodes. A genus with a similar morphology is Pseudotemnocheilus, but this is mostly known from much smaller specimens of about 40–60 mm in diameter. These smaller specimens have a much narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~0.40) compared to Tardunautilus (uw/dm ~ 0.47) and a less depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.30) than Tardunautilus (ww/wh ~1.40–1.80). The coiling rate is much lower in Tardunautilus (WER below 2.00) when compared to Pseudotemnocheilus (WER greater than 2.25).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF84923FDD45D3886B6F875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFFF4925FD9E5871814AFD16.text	03E487D4FFFF4925FD9E5871814AFD16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tardunautilus aperimos Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Tardunautilus aperimos sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E08EF718-C2F6-44E2-9D15-A879DA51D394</p><p>Fig. 19; Table 13</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tardunautilus with thinly discoidal, evolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.35; uw/dm ~ 0.50), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.50) and low coiling rate (WER ~ 1.70) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile rounded trapezoidal with flattened venter, rounded ventrolateral shoulder, strongly divergent flanks and very small imprint zone. Sculpture with 20 conical nodes on the outer flank per volution. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a very shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἀπό’=‘from’ and ‘ἐρῆμος’=‘desert’; because of the origin of the material.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Prototoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2012; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 19; MB.C.32125.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32125 is an internal mould with a conch diameter of 58 mm; it is nearly fully chambered (Fig. 19B). The conch is thinly discoidal and evolute (ww/dm =0.37; uw/dm =0.53) with a low coiling rate (WER= 1.70); the whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.49) and rounded trapezoidal with a flattened venter, a rounded ventrolateral shoulder and strongly convex and divergent flanks (Fig. 19A). The specimen shows a whorl that only slightly embraces the preceding; the umbilical seam has a position on the venter of the preceding whorl. The sculpture consists of 20 blunt conical nodes in ventrolateral position. These nodes are slightly narrower than their interspaces. The suture line shows very shallow, broadly rounded lobes on the venter and the flank (Fig. 19C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tardunautilus aperimos sp. nov. differs from the similar species T. minor of Julfa in the lower number of ventrolateral nodes (20 per whorl, but about 25 in T. minor) and the wider umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.53 in T. aperimos, but only ~ 0.47 in T. minor) at comparable conch diameters. Tardunautilus nimius from Julfa differs in the broader whorls and the double row of ventrolateral nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFFF4925FD9E5871814AFD16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFFE4925FDFA5BB98451FACF.text	03E487D4FFFE4925FDFA5BB98451FACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuronautilidae Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Family Pleuronautilidae Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Pleuronautiloidea with a commonly subquadrate or weakly depressed whorl profile; venter ranging from convex to weakly concave, ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin often pronounced, flanks usually weakly convergent. Sculpture with numerous ribs on the flank, sometimes with conical tubercles and more rarely with spiral ridges. An annular process is present in the advanced species (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Lutonautilus gen. nov. (Permian); Pleuronautilus Mojsisovics, 1882 (Triassic); Phloioceras Hyatt, 1884 (Triassic); Anoploceras Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic); Encoiloceras Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic); Enoploceras Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic); Holconautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Triassic); Trachynautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Triassic); Sibyllonautilus Diener, 1915 (Triassic); Phaedrysmocheilus Shimansky &amp; Erlanger, 1955 (Triassic); Arctonautilus Sobolev, 1989 (Triassic); Grumantoceras Sobolev, 1989 (Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Pleuronautilidae and families with similar morphology has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFFE4925FDFA5BB98451FACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFFE4926FDAF5CEF8451FD79.text	03E487D4FFFE4926FDAF5CEF8451FD79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutonautilus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Genus Lutonautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6CCC6ECD-ED65-4A11-83AC-666B45EFC1C0</p><p>New genus C – Korn 2025: 57. — Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025: 7, 61, 63, fig. 33.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Lutonautilus cratus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Pleuronautilidae with subevolute conch; whorl profile inverted trapezoidal, weakly depressed or equidimensional with broadly rounded venter, parallel or weakly convergent flanks, rounded umbilical margin and convex or flattened umbilical wall. Sculpture with ribs on the flanks, without nodes or tubercles. Suture line with very shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the Lut desert (Central Iran), at which margin Baghuk Mountain is located.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Lutonautilus cratus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Lutonautilus elachus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Lutonautilus cymus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Lutonautilus gen. nov. is newly introduced here for Permian species with a conch shape and sculpture similar to some Triassic species of Pleuronautilus, such as P. mosis Mojsisovics, 1882 . The main difference, however, is that Lutonautilus does not possess the annular lobe that is present in Pleuronautilus .</p><p>Lutonautilus gen. nov. occurs with morphologically similar species in the sections of central Iran and probably also in the Transcaucasian region. But it is also possible that the genus occurs in other regions such as the Salt Range of Pakistan; however, this can only be clarified by revising the corresponding assemblages.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFFE4926FDAF5CEF8451FD79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFFD4928FD815A51815DFA25.text	03E487D4FFFD4928FD815A51815DFA25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutonautilus cratus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Lutonautilus cratus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FA260A86-6965-469D-96FE-D7D6B45B5F8A</p><p>Fig. 20; Table 14</p><p>New genus, new species – Korn 2025: 58, fig. 29.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Lutonautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm =0.35–0.40; uw/ dm= 0.35–0.40), nearly equidimensional whorl profile (ww/wh= 0.95–1.05) and high to very high coiling rate (WER =2.20–2.35) at a conch diameter of 60–80 mm. Whorl profile with gently convergent flanks; venter broadly rounded, flanks slightly flattened, umbilical margin rounded, umbilical wall flattened. Sculpture with about 25 blunt lateral ribs per volution; they begin on the outer umbilical wall and are strengthened on the ventrolateral shoulder to form elongate nodes. Suture line with a shallow external lobe and a shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘κρατύς’=‘strong’; because of the rather robust conch and sculpture.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 20A–D; MB.C.32126.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 20E–F; MB.C.32127 • 2 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32128, MB.C.32129.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32126 is a rather complete, but somewhat corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 88 mm (Fig. 20A, D). It is almost completely chambered and only a little more than a quarter of the last whorl belongs to the body chamber. The conch is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm =0.33; uw/dm= 0.38) with a high coiling rate (WER =2.17). The whorl profile is almost square-shaped (ww/ wh= 0.95) and shows a flatly rounded venter and a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The flanks are slightly flattened and slowly convergent; the umbilical margin is continuously rounded and the umbilical wall is steep (Fig. 20B). The sculpture consists of about 25 blunt ribs on the flank; the ribs and their interspaces have almost the same width. These ribs already begin in the outer area of the umbilical wall and from there, they follow a weakly backwardly directed course; they extend across the flank with a broad and shallow sinus and are strengthened to form radially elongated nodes in the area of the ventrolateral shoulder. There they suddenly weaken and diminish; no ribs are visible on the venter. The suture line shows a very shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 20C). The last half whorl of the phragmocone has about 12 chambers (CLI=15).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32127 is a fragment of a specimen with a conch diameter of 76 mm (Fig. 20F). The conch geometry is largely the same as in the holotype, but the paratype has a slightly more compressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 0.93) and a higher coiling rate (WER =2.35). The sculpture is better preserved than in the holotype; it shows 16 rather sharp ribs on the last half volution; these ribs start on the umbilical wall and thin out at the ventrolateral shoulder. The ribs are somewhat narrower than their interspaces; they extend across the flank with a shallow sinus.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Lutonautilus cratus gen. et sp. nov. differs from the co-occurring L. elachus gen. et sp. nov. in the slenderer whorl profile (ww/wh= 0.95–1.05 in L. cratus but ~ 1.15 in L. elachus), the stronger convergent flanks (nearly parallel in L. elachus) and the wider umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.35–0.40 in L. cratus, but only ~ 0.30 in L. elachus). Furthermore, the ribs begin in the outer area of the umbilical wall in L. cratus, but at the umbilical margin in L. elachus .</p><p>Lutonautilus cratus gen. et sp. nov. differs from L. cymus gen. et sp. nov. in the shape of the ribs, which in L. cratus are almost straight on the flanks, while they extend with a concave arch in L. cymus . The ribs of L. cratus are coarse in the midflank area, while they are weakly developed in the middle of the flank in L. cymus and strengthened and forming nodes on the outer and inner flanks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFFD4928FD815A51815DFA25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF3492AFDF85C94811DFDAD.text	03E487D4FFF3492AFDF85C94811DFDAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutonautilus elachus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Lutonautilus elachus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7AC16980-96B5-465E-A223-3295CE49F01E</p><p>Fig. 21; Table 15</p><p>Pleuronautilus sp. – Korn et al. 2021: text-fig. 17c.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Lutonautilus gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.45; uw/dm ~0.32), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.15) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.50) at a conch diameter of 50 mm. Whorl profile with nearly parallel flanks; venter flattened, flanks slightly flattened, umbilical margin narrowly rounded, umbilical wall flat. Sculpture with about 20 blunt lateral ribs per volution. Suture line with a shallow external lobe and a shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἐλαχύς’=‘small’; because of the rather small conch.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 21A–C; MB.C.30225.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2014; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 21D–E; MB.C.32130.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.30225 is a somewhat corroded, largely chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 48 mm (Fig. 21A). The conch is thickly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm= 0.47; uw/dm =0.31) with a very high coiling rate (WER=2.50). The whorl profile is depressed rectangular (ww/wh =1.18) with flattened venter and almost parallel flanks. Both the ventrolateral shoulder and the umbilical margin are rounded; the umbilical wall is flat and perpendicular to the plane of symmetry. The sculpture of the holotype is not well-preserved because of corrosion. However, about 20 blunt ribs are present; the ribs appear to be wider than their interspaces. These ribs start on the umbilical margin and run with very shallow sinus across the flank. They become coarser in the middle of the flank and form radially elongated nodes in the ventrolateral area. The suture line shows a very broad, shallow external lobe and a slightly deeper lateral lobe (Fig. 21C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Lutonautilus elachus gen. et sp. nov. differs from L. cratus gen. et sp. nov. in the stouter whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.15 in L. elachus but only 0.95–1.05 in L. cratus), the nearly parallel flanks (convergent in L. cratus), the narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.30 in L. elachus but 0.35–0.40 in L. cratus). Furthermore, the ribs begin at the umbilical margin in P. elachus, but in the outer area of the umbilical wall in L. cratus .</p><p>Lutonautilus elachus gen. et sp. nov. differs from L. cymus gen. et sp. nov. in the shape of the ribs, which in L. elachus are almost straight on the flanks, while they extend with a concave curve in L. cymus . The ribs of L. elachus are coarse in the midflank area, while they are weakly developed in the middle of the flank in L. cymus and reinforced like nodes on the outer and inner flanks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF3492AFDF85C94811DFDAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF1492BFD805B0F8187FA06.text	03E487D4FFF1492BFD805B0F8187FA06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutonautilus cymus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Lutonautilus cymus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE0DEA12-9C9D-4483-8436-CB60FAFF3EB0</p><p>Fig. 22; Table 16</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Lutonautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.35; uw/dm ~ 0.35), nearly quadrate whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.95) and high to very high coiling rate (WER ~2.30) at a conch diameter of 70–80 mm. Whorl profile with nearly parallel flanks; venter flatly rounded, flanks flattened, umbilical margin rounded, umbilical wall rounded. Sculpture with about 20 blunt lateral ribs per volution; they begin at the umbilical margin and are strengthened on the inner and outer flank to form elongate nodes. Suture line with a moderately deep external lobe and a moderately deep, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘κῦμα’= ‘wave’; because of the undulated suture line.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 22; MB.C.32131.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; MB.C.32132 • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2010; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32133.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32131 is an incomplete specimen with a conch diameter of 71 mm; it is almost completely chambered (Fig. 22A). The conch is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.35; uw/ dm =0.36) with a very high coiling rate (WER =2.29). The whorl profile is almost as wide as high (ww/ wh =0.97) and shows a flatly rounded venter and broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulders. The flanks are flattened and nearly parallel; the umbilical margin is continuously rounded (Fig. 22B). The sculpture consists of low, blunt ribs that start at the umbilical margin and extend with a shallow sinus across the flank. Most of these ribs are most coarsely developed on the inner and outer flank, where they form conical nodes, which are as wide as their interspaces. The suture line has a moderately deep, broadly rounded external lobe and a lateral lobe that is about twice as deep and broad (Fig. 22C). There are 10 septa on the last half whorl (CLI=18).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Lutonautilus cymus gen. et sp. nov. differs from L. cratus gen. et sp. nov. and L. elachus gen. et sp. nov. in the shape of the ribs, which in L. cymus extend with a concave curve across the flanks, but in the other two species are almost straight. Furthermore, the ribs of L. cymus are weakly developed in the middle of the flank and strengthened and forming nodes on the outer and inner flanks, while those of L. cratus and L. elachus do not form nodes and are strongly developed in the middle of the flank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF1492BFD805B0F8187FA06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF0492BFDE65CA981AFF876.text	03E487D4FFF0492BFDE65CA981AFF876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceratoidea Hyatt 1883	<div><p>Superfamily Tainoceratoidea Hyatt, 1883</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Tainoceratina with a discoidal to pachyconic, subinvolute or subevolute conch. Whorl profile always with midventral longitudinal groove; in phylogenetically early species subquadrate with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin, in derived species polygonal with divergent or convergent flanks. Dorsal whorl zone always very small. Sculpture with rows of ventrolateral nodes, in some species with rows of nodes on the flank. Septa simply domed; suture line depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included family</p><p>Tainoceratidae Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of superfamily Tainoceratoidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF0492BFDE65CA981AFF876	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF7492CFD8158708151FB0E.text	03E487D4FFF7492CFD8158708151FB0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceratidae Hyatt 1883	<div><p>Family Tainoceratidae Hyatt, 1883</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Tainoceratoidea with a discoidal to pachyconic, subinvolute or subevolute conch. Whorl profile always with midventral longitudinal groove; in early species subquadrate with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin, in derived species polygonal with divergent or convergent flanks. Dorsal whorl zone always very small. Sculpture with rows of ventrolateral nodes, in some species with rows of nodes on the flank. Septa simply domed; suture line depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Tainoceras Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Permian); Tainionautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Permian to Triassic); Tirolonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Permian); Tylonautilus Pringle &amp; Jackson, 1928 (Carboniferous to?Permian); Aulametacoceras Miller &amp; Unklesbay, 1942 (Permian); Hexagonites Hayasaka, 1947 (Permian); Hunanoceras Chao, 1954 (Permian); Hefengnautilus Xu, 1977 (Permian); Clavinautilus Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Eulomacoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Lirometacoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Neotainoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Paratainonautilus Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Seironautilus Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Neoclavinautilus Liang, 1984 (Permian); Nodonautilus Liang, 1984 (Permian); Nodopleuroceras Zheng, 1984 (Permian); Meixianlingites Qin, 1986 (Permian); Paratainoceras Qin, 1986 (Permian); Siamnautilus Ishibashi et al., 1994 (Permian); Gujiaonautilus Miao et al., 2019 (Permian); Corotainoceras Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Permian); Epitainoceras gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of family Tainoceratidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF7492CFD8158708151FB0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF7492FFDA35DA18197FE64.text	03E487D4FFF7492FFDA35DA18197FE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceras Hyatt 1883	<div><p>Genus Tainoceras Hyatt, 1883</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus quadrangulus McChesney, 1860; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with a subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile more or less strongly depressed, ranging from subquadrate and hexagonal to polygonal with a distinct midventral longitudinal groove. Umbilical margin usually pronounced and subangular in the intermediate stage, rounded in the adult stage. Sculpture usually with two rows of conical nodes on the venter and additional rows on the flank. Suture line strongly depending on the shape of the whorl profile, usually with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe. Siphuncle narrow with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre.</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (McChesney 1860; Miller et al. 1933; Miller &amp; Unklesbay 1942; Lintz 1958; Tucker &amp; Mapes 1978; Sturgeon et al. 1982): Nautilus quadrangulus McChesney, 1860, Gzhelian, Illinois; Nautilus nodocarinatus McChesney, 1860, Gzhelian, Illinois; Tainoceras monilifer Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Gzhelian, Texas; Tainoceras rotundatum Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Gzhelian, Texas; Tainoceras murrayi Miller &amp; Unklesbay, 1942, Gzhelian, Nebraska; Metacoceras marylandica Lintz, 1958, Gzhelian, Maryland; Tainoceras sexlineatum Tucker, 1976, Kasimovian, Illinois; Tainoceras collinsi Sturgeon, Windle, Mapes &amp; Hoare, 1982, Gzhelian, Ohio.</p><p>Donets Basin (Dernov 2024): Tainoceras luxaeterna Dernov, 2024, Kasimovian.</p><p>Western Russia (Waagen 1879): Nautilus Trautscholdi Waagen, 1879, Gzhelian, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>North America (Swallow 1860; Hyatt 1891, 1893; Miller et al. 1933; Miller &amp; Thomas 1936; Miller &amp; Unklesbay 1942; Miller &amp; Kemp 1947; Miller &amp; Youngquist 1949): Nautilus occidentalis Swallow, 1860, Artinskian, Kansas; Tainoceras cavatum Hyatt, 1891, Asselian, Texas; Tainoceras Duttoni Hyatt, 1893, Asselian, New Mexico; Tainoceras nebrascense Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Artinskian, Nebraska; Tainoceras wyomingense Miller &amp; Thomas, 1936, Asselian, Wyoming; Tainoceras schellbachi Miller &amp; Unklesbay, 1942, Kungurian, Arizona; Tainoceras clydense Miller &amp; Kemp, 1947, Kungurian, Texas; Tainoceras unklesbayi Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949, Kungurian, Texas.</p><p>Alps and Southern Europe (Gemmellaro 1889; Simić 1933; Schréter 1974; Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007): Pleuronautilus Toulai Gemmellaro, 1890, Wordian, Sicily; Tainoceras zmajevatense Simić, 1933; Wuchiapingian, Serbia; Tainoceras bükkense Schréter, 1974; Changhsingian, Bűkk Mountains; Tainoceras crassicostatum Schréter, 1974; Changhsingian, Bűkk Mountains; Tainoceras balestense Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites; Tainoceras malsineri Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites.</p><p>NW Iran (Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025): Tainoceras admonens Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian; Tainoceras latecostatum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian; Tainoceras unitum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Changhsingian.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Tainoceras hystatum sp. nov., Changhsingian.</p><p>Pakistan (Reed 1931, 1944): Tainoceras Noetlingi var. subglobosa Reed, 1931, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras comptum Reed, 1944, Changhsingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras debile Reed, 1944, Changhsingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras trimuense Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>South China (Kayser 1883; Chao 1954; Zheng 1984): Nautilus mingshanensis Kayser, 1883, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Nautilus orientalis Kayser, 1883, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Tainoceras changlingpuense Chao, 1954, Roadian, Hunan; Tainoceras hunanense Chao, 1954, Roadian, Hunan; Tainoceras gibbosum Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Tainoceras guizhouense Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Tainoceras lateronodosum Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou.</p><p>Japan (Hayasaka 1957, 1962; Ehiro &amp; Araki 1997): Tainoceras abukumense Hayasaka, 1957, Capitanian; Tainoceras kitakamiense Hayasaka, 1962, Roadian; Tainoceras carinatum Ehiro &amp; Araki, 1997, Capitanian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tainoceras is considered one of the cardinal genera within the order Nautilida; it stands as a typical representative for the family, superfamily and suborder named after it. Around 40 species of Tainoceras have been described so far and it has a long stratigraphic range, extending from the latest Carboniferous to the latest Permian. Nevertheless, only a few efforts have been made to clearly define the genus in its morphological range. While Miller et al. (1933: 147) and Miller &amp; Youngquist (1949: 80) gave detailed characteristics of the genus, Shimansky (1962b: 121) and Kummel (1964: K413) characterised the genus Tainoceras with just one sentence: “Like Metacoceras but with a double row of nodes on the venter.” Sturgeon et al. (1997: 29) became more precise: “Similar to Metacoceras but possessing two ventral rows of nodes or ribs separated by a median sulcus.” They gave a more detailed outline of the characters typically present in Tainoceras .</p><p>It is apparent that a simple definition is not adequate to define the rather complex genus, especially in view of the fact that other tainoceratids have been described in recent decades. A precise morphological delineation and taxonomic interpretation of Tainoceras requires a discussion of several questions: (1) What are the morphological characters that can be used to clearly distinguish Tainoceras from other genera?</p><p>(2) Were the tainoceratids ( Tainoceras and derived Late Permian genera) really a monophyletic unit?</p><p>(3) Did long-lived evolutionary lines with stable morphologies exist within Tainoceras, or did similar conch shapes and sculptures emerge iteratively?</p><p>The first question is not easy to answer. The previously used feature of the double row of nodes on the venter cannot be applied universally as the cardinal separating tool, as some species possess only one row of ventral nodes or no ventral nodes at all in the adult stage (e.g., the Late Carboniferous T. collinsi Sturgeon, Windle, Mapes &amp; Hoare, 1982 and T. marylandicum (Lintz, 1858) and the Late Permian T. balestense Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007). Rather, other assisting features must be used, such as the presence of the midventral groove. It should be made clear that in Tainoceras this groove indents a broadly rounded venter. This is in contrast to genera such as Metacoceras, in which a concave venter, if present at all, always occurs as a depression of the entire venter.</p><p>The second question is easier to answer. Although the morphological spectrum of Tainoceras is rather broad and somewhat variable, the combination of several morphological characters, such as the presence of the midventral groove, the rows of nodes on the venter and ventrolateral shoulder and the pronounced umbilical margin, indicate a monophyletic series of forms. Because of the complexity of the morphology, a polyphyletic origin of Tainoceras can be excluded.</p><p>To answer the third question, it is necessary to evaluate the characters of conch and sculpture with regard to their variation within the genus Tainoceras . The following characters have proven to be particularly variable (with some representative examples):</p><p>- General shape of the whorl profile: it can range from rectangular ( T. nebrascense) to octagonal or polygonal ( T. clydense, T. admonens); the ww/wh ratio can range from approximately equidimensional ( T. cavatum) to weakly depressed ( T. schellbachi, T. admonens) and moderately depressed ( T. duttoni).</p><p>- General shape of the venter: in all of the species, the venter is more or less tripartite, but the degree of tripartition varies from weak with nearly convex venter ( T. cavatum) to very strong with clearly defined ventrolateral applanation forming a tectiform venter ( T. clydense, T. duttoni).</p><p>- Position and shape of the flanks: the flanks can be divergent ( T. quadrangulum, T. admonens), parallel ( T. quadrangulum) or convergent ( T. duttoni). They can be flattened ( T. cavatum) or weakly concave ( T. duttoni, T. admonens).</p><p>- Shape of the umbilical margin and umbilical wall: while the umbilical margin is usually narrowly rounded ( T. nebrascense) or subangular ( T. duttoni), the umbilical wall ranges from oblique ( T. cavatum, T. clydense) to steep ( T. duttoni) and from weakly convex ( T. nebrascense) to flattened ( T. duttoni, T. admonens).</p><p>- Width and depth of the midventral groove: the groove can vary from narrow ( T. nebrascense, T. clydense) to wide ( T. schellbachi, T. admonens) and from shallow ( T. collinsi, T. cavatum, T. admonens) to deep ( T. duttoni, T. wyomingense).</p><p>- Formation of the ventral nodes: ventral sculptural elements may appear as short plications ( T. collinsi), small tubercles ( T. monilifer, T. nodocarinatum, T. admonens), or also large conical, blunt ( T. clydense) or pointed nodes or spines ( T. quadrangulum, T. schellbachi). Some species possess coarse ventral radial ribs ( T. unklesbayi). The ventral tubercles can be arranged symmetrically ( T. nebrascense) or alternating on the right and left side of the midventral groove ( T. monilifer).</p><p>- Formation of the ventrolateral nodes: ventrolateral sculptural elements are present in most of the species; they range from being small tubercles ( T. nebrascense, T. admonens) to large conical nodes or spines ( T. monilifer, T. schellbachi).</p><p>- Formation of lateral ribs: lateral ribs do not occur in many of the North American species, but are present in species from other regions ( T. debile, T. admonens).</p><p>- Formation of the umbilical nodes: umbilical sculptural elements are present in some species; they range from being small tubercles ( T. clydense) to large conical nodes ( T. schellbachi).</p><p>The list of mostly bipolar character pairs shows numerous theoretical possible combinations; however, covariation is very common and some of the characters often appear simultaneously.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF7492FFDA35DA18197FE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFF44930FDAA5B568067FB3A.text	03E487D4FFF44930FDAA5B568067FB3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceras hystatum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Tainoceras hystatum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE14C8AB-8E7D-4D26-B1BA-64AFA2B52E70</p><p>Fig. 23; Table 17</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tainoceras with thinly discoidal, evolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.44; uw/dm ~ 0.32), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.05) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.55) at a conch diameter of 40 mm. Whorl profile octagonal with shallow longitudinal ventral groove. Sculpture with two rows of tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder and one row on the umbilical margin. Suture line undulating with very shallow lobes and low saddles.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ὕστατος’=‘latest’; because the species is the stratigraphically latest of the nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain section H; Hambast Formation, Paratirolites beds (late Changhsingian), 0.40 m below top; 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 23; MB.C.32134.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32135.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32134 is a somewhat corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 40 mm (Fig. 23A). It is fairly well preserved only on its left side as an internal mould. The specimen is completely chambered. The conch is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm=0.43; uw/dm= 0.33) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.55). The whorl profile is generally octagonal and slightly depressed (ww/wh=1.09). It has a flattened venter with a shallow longitudinal depression; the ventrolateral shoulder is subangular and the flanks are almost flat and parallel. The umbilical margin is prominent and the umbilical wall is oblique and flat. The areas between the angular margins of the whorl profile are flattened (Fig. 23B).</p><p>The sculpture consists of three rows of tubercles, one on the umbilical margin, one on the ventrolateral shoulder and one delimiting the midventral longitudinal groove. The first and the last ones are only very weakly developed; the middle one is much stronger and consists of blunt conical nodes. They are connected to the tubercles on the umbilical wall by very low ribs. The suture line is strongly dependent on the whorl profile; it has shallow lobes at the flattened areas and low saddles at the pronounced margins (Fig. 23C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tainoceras hystatum sp. nov. shows a morphology of conch and sculpture that can be described as conservative. Even some of the Late Carboniferous species, such as the type species T. quadrangulum, show an octagonal shape of the whorl profile with two rows of tubercles each adjacent to the median longitudinal groove. However, T. quadrangulum has coarser ventrolateral nodes and a narrower umbilicus (uw/dm &lt;0.30) than T. hystatum (uw/dm&gt;0.30).</p><p>Tainoceras hystatum sp. nov. differs by its wider umbilicus and particularly by the parallel flanks, which are either convergent or divergent in many other species of the genus Tainoceras . Another distinguishing feature is the shape of the tubercles, which are much smaller in T. hystatum than in most other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFF44930FDAA5B568067FB3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFEB4931FDA25D95861AFDB1.text	03E487D4FFEB4931FDA25D95861AFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epitainoceras Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Genus Epitainoceras gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4F3AA6AC-9211-4B03-A581-9676BE734DAA</p><p>New genus D – Korn 2025: 61. — Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025: 64, 72, 74.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Epitainoceras lutense gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile depressed and polygonal with a shallow or broad midventral longitudinal groove. Umbilical margin pronounced and narrowly rounded, flanks convergent. Sculpture with one row of nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line strongly depending on the shape of the whorl profile, with rounded V-shaped external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἐπί’=‘on, above’; referring to the late occurrence of this tainoceratid genus.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Transcaucasia (Abich 1878): Nautilus dorso plicatus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Epitainoceras lutense gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Epitainoceras gen. nov. is a genus with a morphology similar to some species of Tainoceras, but with a much weaker sculpture. In contrast to Tainoceras, which has at least two rows of nodes or tubercles in the ventrolateral region and sometimes another row of nodes on the inner flank, Epitainoceras has only one row of nodes, located immediately adjacent to the median longitudinal groove on each side. With a simplification of the sculpture, the new genus may be derived from Tainoceras . Corotainoceras also shows simplification of the sculpture, but differs from Epitainoceras in the absence of ventrolateral nodes and the presence of very coarse dorsolateral nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFEB4931FDA25D95861AFDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFEA4932FDFD5B1B8078F9B7.text	03E487D4FFEA4932FDFD5B1B8078F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epitainoceras lutense Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Epitainoceras lutense gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5A1405B2-C14D-4533-8089-A1C3435EBC18</p><p>Fig. 24; Table 18</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Epitainoceras gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.55; uw/dm ~0.25) and weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.35) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.35) at a conch diameter of 70 mm. Whorl profile polygonal with convergent flanks; venter tectiform with broad longitudinal midventral groove, flanks flattened, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Sculpture with about 15 coarse ventrolateral, transversely elongated nodes per volution. Suture line with a small, rounded V-shaped external lobe, a broadly rounded, very shallow lateral lobe and a very shallow umbilical lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the Lut desert (Central Iran), at which margin Baghuk Mountain is located.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 24; MB.C.32136.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; MB.C.32137.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32136 is a corroded phragmocone specimen with a diameter of 75 mm (Fig. 24B). It allows the conch form, sculpture and suture line to be studied, but some conch dimensions can only be estimated. The conch is thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.25) with a very high coiling rate (WER ~2.35). The whorl profile is slightly depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.35) and widest at the narrowly rounded umbilical margin. The venter possesses a moderately wide median groove; the ventrolateral shoulder is flattened and oblique, the flanks are weakly flattened and convergent and the umbilical margin is narrowly rounded (Fig. 24A).</p><p>Because of partial corrosion of the specimen, the sculpture cannot be examined in detail. It consists of two rows of nodes arranged on each side of the ventrolateral shoulder. The ventral row has nodes that are elongated in a lateral direction to form short ribs; the dorsal row consists of much weaker, circular nodes.</p><p>The suture line of the holotype has a shallow, broadly V-shaped external lobe, a low and broadly rounded, slightly asymmetric ventrolateral saddle, a shallow and very wide lateral lobe and a very shallow and small lobe on the umbilical wall (Fig. 24C). The last half volution has 15 phragmocone chambers (CLI =12).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Epitainoceras lutense gen. et sp. nov. is similar to the Transcaucasian species E. dorsoplicatum comb. nov., but differs in having a much wider midventral groove and significantly larger ventral nodes. These nodes are laterally elongated in E. lutense, whereas they are simply conical in E. dorsoplicatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFEA4932FDFD5B1B8078F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE94933FD865F198114FDDF.text	03E487D4FFE94933FD865F198114FDDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceratina Flower 1955	<div><p>Suborder Liroceratina Flower, 1955</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Suborder of the order Nautilida, in which an umbilical margin is formed early in ontogeny; advanced species may regress this character. Conch usually pachyconic and rarely discoidal or globular, subinvolute to involute. Juvenile whorl profile circular. Adult whorl profile usually circular or depressed oval without distinct ventrolateral shoulder in the phylogenetically early species, showing modifications during evolution (inverted trapezoidal with convergent flanks and flattened venter). Dorsal whorl zone always present, small to moderately deep. Juvenile sculpture with spiral lines that may be restricted to the umbilical area in the phylogenetically early species; adult sculpture usually lacking except for spiral lines in some species. Septa simply domed in the early species; with dorsal inflexion in advanced species and with corrugated septa in two derived clades. Suture line depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles; with distinct lobes in two clades (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included superfamilies</p><p>Liroceratoidea Hyatt, 1900 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Ephippioceratoidea Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949 (Carboniferous to Permian); Clydonautiloidea Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic to Jurassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A discussion of the suborder Liroceratina has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE94933FD865F198114FDDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE84933FDEE5BFE8157FA99.text	03E487D4FFE84933FDEE5BFE8157FA99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceratoidea Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Superfamily Liroceratoidea Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Liroceratina with a pachyconic and rarely discoidal or globular, subinvolute to involute conch. Whorl profile usually circular or depressed oval without distinct ventrolateral shoulder; in some species with a pronounced but rounded ventrolateral shoulder. Dorsal whorl zone usually small to moderately deep. Juvenile sculpture in the early species with spiral lines that may be restricted to the umbilical area; derived species are often smooth. Suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Liroceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Coloceratidae Hyatt, 1893 [homonym, synonym of Liroceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949]; Paranautilidae Kummel in Flower &amp; Kummel, 1950 (Triassic); Permonautilidae Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Planetoceratidae Korn, 2025 (Carboniferous); Julfanautilidae Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A discussion of the superfamily Liroceratoidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE84933FDEE5BFE8157FA99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE84934FE335C308119FD38.text	03E487D4FFE84934FE335C308119FD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceratidae Miller & Youngquist 1949	<div><p>Family Liroceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea with a usually pachyconic or globular, subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter form a continuous arch in the early species, the venter can be flattened or concave in advanced species. Umbilical margin rounded; umbilical wall usually convex. Ornament usually consisting of fine growth lines; spiral lines occur in some genera. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter or with small lobes and saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Solenoceras Hyatt, 1884 (homonym of Solenoceras Conrad, 1860, objective synonym of Coelogasteroceras); Coelogasteroceras Hyatt, 1893 (Carboniferous to Permian); Coloceras Hyatt, 1893 [homonym of Coloceras Taschenberg, 1882, synonym of Liroceras Teichert, 1940]; Stearoceras Hyatt, 1893 (Carboniferous to Permian); Peripetoceras Hyatt, 1894 (Carboniferous to Permian); Potoceras Hyatt, 1894 (Carboniferous); Nannoceras Hyatt, 1894 (nomen nullum, synonym of Peripetoceras); Conradiceras Cossmann, 1900 (objective synonym of Coelogasteroceras); Liroceras Teichert, 1940 (Carboniferous to Permian); Condraoceras Miller, Lane &amp; Unklesbay, 1947 (Carboniferous to Permian); Periptoceras Chao, 1954 (nomen nullum, synonym of Peripetoceras); Hemiliroceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Carboniferous to Permian); Bistrialites Turner, 1954 (Carboniferous); Pseudophacoceras Turner, 1966 (Carboniferous); Neobistrialites Tucker, Mapes &amp; Aronoff, 1978 (Carboniferous); Jianoceras Ma, 1997 (Permian); Nemdoceras Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Paraliroceras Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Tatianautilus Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Leniceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Shikhanonautilus Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Thyoceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Celeroliroceras Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Permian); Perunautilus Crick &amp; Sobolev, 1994 (Triassic); Tomponautilus Sobolev, 1989 (Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A discussion of the family Liroceratidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE84934FE335C308119FD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFEF4936FD995B928001FEFF.text	03E487D4FFEF4936FD995B928001FEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras Teichert 1940	<div><p>Genus Liroceras Teichert, 1940</p><p>Type species</p><p>Coloceras liratum Girty, 1911; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Liroceratidae with pachyconic to globular, involute or subinvolute conch; umbilicus closed by a plug in some species. The first whorl is 10–20 mm in diameter with a very small umbilical foramen; the conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls weakly embracing, their profile ranges from reniform to nearly circular. Juvenile conch with longitudinal ridges or lines; adult ornament with growth lines with a fairly deep ventral sinus and spiral lines in some species. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight with a shallow, broadly rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the septum and the venter (after Gordon 1965; Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (Shumard &amp; Swallow 1858; Miller &amp; Gurley 1897; Girty 1911; Miller et al. 1933; Newell 1936; Unklesbay 1962; Gordon 1965): Nautilus Missouriensis Swallow, 1858, Bashkirian, Missouri; Solenochilus henryvillense Miller &amp; Gurley, 1897, Viséan, Indiana; Coloceras liratum Girty, 1911, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Coloceras liratum var. obsoletum Girty, 1911, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Coloceras greenei Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Kasimovian, Oklahoma; Coloceras milleri Newell, 1936, Kasimovian, Kansas; Coloceras reticulatum Miller &amp; Owen, 1937, Kasimovian, Oklahoma; Liroceras patulum Unklesbay, 1962, Bashkirian, Arkansas; Liroceras bicostatum Gordon, 1965, Serpukhovian, Arkansas.</p><p>British Isles (Foord 1891; Hind 1910; Turner 1954; Ramsbottom &amp; Moore 1961): Coelonautilus Derbiensis Foord, 1891, Viséan, Derbyshire; Coelonautilus Derbiensis var. globulare Foord, 1891, Viséan, Isle of Man; Solenocheilus globosus Hind, 1910, Bashkirian, Lancashire; Liroceras lunense Turner, 1954, Serpukhovian, Yorkshire; Liroceras leitrimense Ramsbottom &amp; Moore, 1961, Viséan, Ireland.</p><p>Central Europe (Trenkner 1868; Hyatt 1894; Miller et al. 1933; Schmidt 1951): Nautilus grundensis Trenkner, 1868, Viséan, Harz Mountains; Coloceras globatum Hyatt, 1894, Viséan, Belgium; Coloceras hyatti Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Viséan, Belgium; Liroceras occlusor Schmidt, 1951, Viséan, Harz Mountains; Liroceras schaelkense Schmidt, 1951, Viséan, Rhenish Mountains.</p><p>North Africa (Korn &amp; Klug 2023): Liroceras karaouii Korn &amp; Klug, 2023, Viséan, Anti-Atlas; Liroceras vermis Korn &amp; Klug, 2023, Serpukhovian, Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Western Russia (Eichwald 1857; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus excentricus Eichwald, 1857, Serpukhovian, Western Russia; Liroceras fornicatum Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian, Western Russia; Liroceras devjatovense Shimansky, 1967, Moscovian, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Urals (Shimansky 1967): Liroceras praelunense Shimansky, 1967, Viséan, North Urals; Liroceras ruzhencevi Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian, South Urals.</p><p>North China (Ruan &amp; Zhou 1987): Liroceras reniforme Ruan &amp; Zhou, 1987, Bashkirian, Ningxia.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>North America (Hyatt 1893): Coloceras globulare Hyatt, 1893, Artinskian, Texas.</p><p>Central and Southern Europe (Gemmellaro 1889; Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007): Endolobus salomonensis Gemmellaro, 1889, Wordian, Sicily; Liroceras gardenense Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites.</p><p>Western Russia, Urals (Yakovlev 1899; Kruglov 1928; Barskov et al. 2014; Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin 2020): Asymptoceras korulkense Yakovlev, 1899, Sakmarian, South Urals; Coloceras (?) sarvaensis Kruglov, 1928, Sakmarian (?), South Urals; Coloceras abichi var. tastubense Kruglov, 1928, Sakmarian (?), South Urals; Liroceras volgense Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014, Roadian, Western Russia; Liroceras shakhtauense Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020, Asselian or Sakmarian, South Urals.</p><p>NW Iran (Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025): Liroceras reticulum Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Liroceras leptum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Pakistan (Reed 1944): Liroceras bakhense Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>South China (Chao 1940, 1954; Xu 1977; Zhao et al. 1978; Liang 1984; Wu &amp; Kuang 1992): Coloceras sinense Chao, 1940, Kungurian, Hunan; Peripetoceras hsueyuechiani Chao, 1954, Kungurian, Hunan; Liroceras orientale Chao, 1954, Kungurian, Hunan; Ephippioceras hunanense Chao, 1954, Kungurian, Hunan; Liroceras didmyoaurise Xu, 1977, Kungurian, Hunan; Liroceras meishanense Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978, Changhsingian, Zhejiang; Liroceras chenxianense Liang, 1984, Changhsingian, Hunan; Liroceras lichuanense Wu &amp; Kuang, 1992, Changhsingian, Hubei.</p><p>Indo-Pacific (Haniel 1915): Nautilus Molengraaffi Haniel, 1915, Wuchiapingian, Timor.</p><p>Madagascar (Vaillant-Couturier Treat 1933): Nautilus waterloti Vaillant-Couturier Treat, 1933, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus Liroceras was introduced by Teichert (1940) for those Carboniferous and Permian nautiloids that were previously mostly included in the genus Coloceras Hyatt, 1893 . The name Coloceras had already been used by Taschenberg (1882) as a subgenus for recent Mallophaga.</p><p>Liroceras has a stratigraphic range from the Viséan to the Changhsingian and is represented by species at almost all stages of this long interval. At the same time, Liroceras is geographically widespread, both in the Carboniferous and in the Permian. Liroceras is also known from different facies areas; Early Carboniferous species are known from shallower and deeper areas of the shelf. In the Late Permian, the genus was more common in the shallower areas of the sea, as suggested by the occurrences at Julfa, where it co-occurs with the morphologically similar and closely related genus Permonautilus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFEF4936FD995B928001FEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFED4937FD4458DE8710FCB7.text	03E487D4FFED4937FD4458DE8710FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras leptum Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Liroceras leptum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 43D3AA7B-CCE4-43FD-B6A6-D9B7A27DB882</p><p>Fig. 25; Table 19</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Liroceras with thinly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.68; uw/dm ~ 0.17), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.45) and very high coiling rate (WER ~2.30) at a conch diameter of 40 mm. Whorl profile with broadly arched venter and flanks, broadly rounded umbilical margin, convex umbilical wall and moderately deep imprint zone (IZR ~0.28). Without sculpture. Suture line with very shallow and wide external, lateral and umbilical lobes.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Greek ‘λεπτός’= ‘small, weak’; because of the rather small-sizes material.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 25; MB.C.32138.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 2 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32139, MB.C.32140.</p><p>Description</p><p>The best-preserved specimen is the obliquely deformed small holotype MB.C.32138 with a conch diameter of 41 mm (Fig. 25B). The conch geometry can only be reconstructed. According to this, the conch is thinly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm=0.68; uw/dm=0.17) with a very high coiling rate (WER =2.31) and a moderately wide whorl overlap (IZR = 0.28). The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh =1.44) with a broadly convex venter that merges continuously with the flanks the flanks. The umbilical margin is broadly rounded and the umbilical wall is convex (Fig. 25A). The suture line is nearly straight and shows very broad and shallow lobes on the area consisting of venter and flanks and the umbilical wall (Fig. 25C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The material of the new species does not show whether the umbilical extensions characteristic of the genus was present in the adult stage; therefore, assignment to Liroceras is not entirely certain. L. leptum sp. nov. differs from the other Late Permian species of the genus in the opened umbilicus and the slenderer conch; ww/dm ratio for a conch diameter of 40–50 mm is below a value of 0.70, but in the other species it is above 0.80.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFED4937FD4458DE8710FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFEC4937FE555A19817FF919.text	03E487D4FFEC4937FE555A19817FF919.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraliroceras Barskov & Shilovsky 2014	<div><p>Genus Paraliroceras Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014</p><p>Type species</p><p>Paraliroceras kazanicum Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Liroceratidae with pachyconic, subinvolute conch. The conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER = 2.30–2.90). Whorls moderately embracing, whorl profile reniform; umbilical margin pronounced, narrowly rounded. Adult ornament with fine growth lines with a fairly deep ventral sinus. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight to straight with a shallow, broadly rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the septum and the venter.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Western Russia (Barskov et al. 2014): Paraliroceras kazanicum Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014, Roadian.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Paraliroceras macrogaster sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paraliroceras is similar to Liroceras and differs mainly in the pronounced umbilical margin, which is narrowly rounded in Paraliroceras but usually broad and evenly rounded in Liroceras . The species of Paraliroceras are more widely umbilicate than most known species of Liroceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFEC4937FE555A19817FF919	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFEC4939FD8E5FB18732F8D3.text	03E487D4FFEC4939FD8E5FB18732F8D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraliroceras macrogaster Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Paraliroceras macrogaster sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0AF97520-0593-4555-9D0F-96A5FBF603A6</p><p>Fig. 26; Table 20</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paraliroceras with thinly globular, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.86; uw/dm ~ 0.23), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.90) and very high coiling rate (WER ~2.35) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile with broadly arched venter and flanks, narrowly rounded umbilical margin, flattened and steep umbilical wall and moderately wide imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.22). Without sculpture. Suture line with very shallow and wide external, lateral and umbilical lobes.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘μακρός’=‘large’ and ‘γαστήρ’= ‘abdomen’; because of the broadly rounded flanks and venter.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 26A–C; MB.C.32141.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; Baghuk Mountain; same data as for holotype; illustrated in Fig. 26D–F; MB.C.32142.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32141 is a fully chambered, incomplete specimen with a conch diameter of 62 mm, in which the right side is incomplete. Some conch dimensions can thus only be reconstructed (Fig. 26A). The conch is thinly globular and subinvolute (ww/dm ~ 0.87; uw/dm =0.22) with a very high coiling rate (WER= 2.39) and a moderately deep whorl overlap (IZR =0.23). The whorl profile is moderately depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.91) with a broadly convex venter that merges continuously with the flanks. The umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and pronounced; the umbilical wall is steep and almost flat (Fig. 26B). The suture line shows very broad and shallow lobes on venter, flanks and umbilical wall (Fig. 26C). The last volution possesses 15 phragmocone chambers without an indication of crowding (CLI=24). The siphuncle has a dorsocentral position.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32142 is almost completely chambered and, with a conch diameter of 60 mm (Fig. 26D– E), has very similar conch parameters to the holotype. The umbilical margin is slightly more rounded and the suture line has a slightly deeper external lobe (Fig. 26F). The last volution of the phragmocone has about 15 chambers (CLI=24).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paraliroceras macrogaster sp. nov. with its pronounced, narrowly rounded umbilical margin makes a separation from the other late Permian representatives of the family Liroceratidae rather easy. Paraliroceras macrogaster has a very similar conch to P. kazanicum, but differs from P. kazanicum (with IZR = 0.15 and WER = 2.80) in the higher whorl overlap rate of the whorls (IZR = 0.22) and the lower coiling rate (WER=2.35).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFEC4939FD8E5FB18732F8D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE1493AFEBF58708191FCD2.text	03E487D4FFE1493AFEBF58708191FCD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilidae Barskov & Shilovsky 2014	<div><p>Family Permonautilidae Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea with a pachyconic or globular, usually subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter form a continuous arch in the early forms, the venter can be flattened or concave in advanced forms. Terminal aperture with long lateral shell processes emerging from the umbilical margin. Ornament consisting of fine or coarse growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter or with small lobes and saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Permonautilus Kruglov, 1933 (Permian); Alexandronautilus Shimansky, 1962 (Permian) [synonym of Permonautilus Kruglov, 1933].</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the family Permonautilidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE1493AFEBF58708191FCD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE1493AFDF95AFD87BEF817.text	03E487D4FFE1493AFDF95AFD87BEF817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilus Kruglov 1933	<div><p>Genus Permonautilus Kruglov, 1933</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus cornutus Golovkinsky, 1868; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Permonautilidae with pachyconic or globular, usually subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter form a continuous arch in the early forms, the venter can be flattened or concave in advanced forms. Terminal aperture with long lateral shell processes emerging from the umbilical margin. Ornament consisting of fine or coarse growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter or with small lobes and saddles (from Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Greenland (Tichy 1975): Permonautilus halleri Tichy, 1975, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Western Russia (Golovkinsky 1868; Kruglov 1933; Barskov et al. 2014): Nautilus cornutus Golovkinsky 1868, Roadian; Permonautilus pinegaensis Kruglov, 1933, Roadian; Permonautilus parapinegaensis Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014, Roadian; Permonautilus kruglovi Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014, Roadian.</p><p>Transcaucasia (Kruglov 1933): Coloceras Abichi Kruglov, 1928, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan.</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Permonautilus adelphidus sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The species of Permonautilus have very similar morphology; differences lie in the width of the conch, the width of the umbilicus and the shape of the whorl profile. The genus is currently only known from the two Permian stages Roadian and Wuchiapingian; no representatives have yet been reported from the Wordian and Capitanian stages in between.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE1493AFDF95AFD87BEF817	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE0493DFD8C587187DDFE18.text	03E487D4FFE0493DFD8C587187DDFE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilus adelphidus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Permonautilus adelphidus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C05CE182-FAC1-48A2-8930-80AC19A205B6</p><p>Figs 27–28; Table 21</p><p>Permonautilus sp. – Korn et al. 2021: text-fig. 17d.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Permonautilus with thinly globular, subinvolute conch (ww/dm = 0.90–1.00; uw/ dm =0.18–0.25), strongly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh =2.00–2.20) and extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.50–2.70) at a conch diameter of 20–60 mm. Whorl profile with broadly arched venter and flanks, broadly rounded umbilical margin, convex umbilical wall and moderately wide imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.20). Without sculpture. Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἀδελφή’= ‘sister’ and ‘εἶδος’= ‘species’; because of its close relationship with P. abichi .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Araxoceras beds (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 27; MB.C.30226.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 28A–C; MB.C.32143 • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 28D; MB.C.32144 • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 28 E-F; MB.C.32145.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.30226 is a strongly corroded, fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 48 mm (Fig. 27A). The conch is globular and subinvolute (ww/dm= 0.91; uw/dm = 0.25) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER = 2.62) and a moderately wide whorl overlap (IZR =0.16). The whorl profile is reniform and very strongly depressed (ww/wh = 2.02) with a broadly convex venter that merges continuously with the flanks. The umbilical margin is broadly rounded and the umbilical wall is steep and convex (Fig. 27B). The suture line describes an almost straight line (Fig. 27C). The last volution possesses 18 phragmocone chambers (CLI =20).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32143 is an incomplete, in part strongly corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 58 mm (Fig. 28B). About 135° of the final whorl belong to the body chamber. It has similar conch proportions to holotype MB.C.30226, but it is stouter; the conch is thickly globular and subinvolute (ww/dm= 1.02; uw/dm=0.21) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.69) and a moderately wide whorl overlap (IZR =0.18). The whorl profile is very strongly depressed (ww/wh =2.15) with a broadly convex venter that merges continuously with the flanks. The umbilical margin is broadly rounded and the umbilical wall is steep and convex (Fig. 28A). The suture line extends almost linearly across flanks and venter (Fig. 28C). The last half volution possesses 8 phragmocone chambers (CLI =22.5).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32144 is a small, incomplete phragmocone specimen with a conch diameter of 38 mm (Fig. 28D). Part of the final whorl is missing; therefore, it allows an insight into the earlier ontogenetic conch growth. It shows that the basic conch proportions seem to change little during ontogeny; only the umbilicus becomes narrower. The conch is, at 38 mm diameter, globular and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.95; uw/dm =0.22) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.59) and a moderately wide whorl overlap (IZR =0.17). The whorl profile is very strongly depressed (ww/wh =2.08) with a broadly convex venter that merges continuously with the flanks. The geometry is almost identical at a conch diameter of 21 mm.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32145 is the largest individual with a conch diameter of 77 mm. It is a rather strongly weathered fragmentary specimen, but it allows the study of conch geometry at the transition to the adult stage, which is characterised by flattening of the venter (Fig. 28E). The conch is, with a ww/dm ratio of 0.83, slenderer than the other specimens. Its suture line extends almost linearly across flanks and venter (Fig. 28F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Permonautilus adelphidus sp. nov. is very similar to P. abichi, but differs in that it has a significantly higher whorl expansion rate at apparently all ontogenetic stages. In the growth interval between a conch diameter of 20 and 60 mm, the whorl expansion rate for P. adelphidus is always higher than 2.50, while for P. abichi it is only about 2.25–2.35. Another distinguishing feature is the shape of the shell: The ww/ dm ratio in P. adelphidus is higher than 0.90 in the interval between 20 and 60 mm shell diameter, while in P. abichi it is somewhat lower (0.80–0.90).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE0493DFD8C587187DDFE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE5493EFDC358708131FBD6.text	03E487D4FFE5493EFDC358708131FBD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julfanautilidae Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Family Julfanautilidae Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea with a usually pachyconic, subinvolute to involute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter usually separated by distinct ventrolateral shoulder, venter or concave. Umbilical margin subangular or angular; umbilical wall steep, flattened. Ornament usually consisting of fine growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line with shallow lobes on venter and flank (from Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Julfanautilus Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 (Wuchiapingian); Baghuknautilus gen. nov. (Wuchiapingian); Shahrezanautilus gen. nov. (Wuchiapingian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The family Julfanautilidae is characterised by a combination of characters not found in any other family of Palaeozoic nautilids. This is the combination of a rather stout conch with a very pronounced umbilical margin and also sometimes pronounced ventrolateral shoulder. While the first character suggests a placement in the superfamily Liroceratoidea, the second and third characters show a closer morphological relationship to the superfamilies Pleuronautiloidea and Grypoceratoidea . Unfortunately, the early ontogenetic development of the conch in the species of the Julfanautilidae is not known. However, the material shows that the pronounced umbilical margin is present early in ontogeny and that this feature can therefore be considered apomorphic, whereas the ventrolateral shoulder does not assume a subangular shape until a late ontogenetic stage, if at all. Therefore, these forms are included here as a new family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea (from Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE5493EFDC358708131FBD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE5493FFD905D068101FE5B.text	03E487D4FFE5493FFD905D068101FE5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baghuknautilus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Genus Baghuknautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DEB59642-18B0-46BE-ABD2-6D373AE0B857</p><p>New genus F – Korn 2025: 69. — Korn &amp; Ghaderi 2025: 8, 98, 102–103.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Baghuknautilus aplomorphus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Julfanautilidae with discoidal, involute conch. The conch rapidly increases in height with a very high to extremely high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls moderately strongly embracing, their profile ranges from compressed to weakly depressed. Adult ornament with extremely fine growth lines. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight to straight with a low external saddle, broadly rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a dorsocentral position.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the type locality of the type species.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Baghuknautilus aplomorphus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In terms of conch morphology, Baghuknautilus gen. nov. shows some similarities to the genera Julfanautilus and Shahrezanautilus gen. nov. This is particularly true for the shape of the whorl profile with slightly flattened, converging flanks and the slightly flattened umbilical wall. However, the other two genera show a much higher coiling rate (WER above 3.00) than Baghuknautilus (WER around 2.50) and a much more pronounced subangular to angular umbilical margin.</p><p>Baghuknautilus gen. nov. also has similarity to the Triassic genus Paranautilus (Kummel 1953; Sobolev 1989), but this differs in the more dorsal position of the siphuncle and the presence of an annular process. In addition, most species of Paranautilus have a convex umbilical wall.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE5493FFD905D068101FE5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FFE44941FDCF5B758769FE3B.text	03E487D4FFE44941FDCF5B758769FE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baghuknautilus aplomorphus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Baghuknautilus aplomorphus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0E6D1116-BB35-4615-832A-A52849FB4934</p><p>Fig. 29; Table 22</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Baghuknautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, involute conch (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.10), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.65) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.55) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile with convex venter, convex and convergent flanks, narrowly rounded umbilical margin, a steep umbilical wall and moderately wide imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.30). Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and an asymmetric, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Greek ‘ἁπλόος’=‘simple’ and ‘μορφή’= ‘form’; because of the rather simple conch morphology.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 29A–C; MB.C.32146.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 29D–E; MB.C.32147.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32146 is an incomplete, but on the left side rather well-preserved fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 83 mm (Fig. 29A). Some conch parameters can only be reconstructed. The conch is thinly discoidal and involute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm=0.10). The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.64) with a convex venter and convex, convergent flanks. The umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and the umbilical wall is steep and convex (Fig. 29B). The last volution possesses about 22 phragmocone chambers (CLI=16.5) with an indication of crowding at the end. The siphuncle has a dorsocentral position. The suture line shows a small and very shallow lobe on venter, a broadly rounded asymmetric lateral lobe with steeper dorsal flanks and a shallow umbilical lobe (Fig. 29C).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32147 is a bilaterally corroded, fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 60 mm (Fig. 29E). Some conch parameters on the last half volution can only be reconstructed. The conch is thinly discoidal and involute (ww/dm=0.42; uw/dm =0.12) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER=2.54) and a deep whorl overlap (IZR = 0.32). The whorl profile is moderately compressed (ww/wh =0.76) with a convex venter and convex convergent flanks (Fig. 29D). The suture line shows a shallow, rounded lobe on venter and a broadly rounded slightly asymmetric lateral lobe with steeper dorsal flanks.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Baghuknautilus aplomorphus gen. et sp. nov. differs from Shahrezanautilus ghaderii gen. et sp. nov. by the considerably slenderer conch; the ww/dm ratio is about 0.40 in B. aplomorphus but about 0.60 in S. ghaderii . The coiling rate is much lower in B. aplomorphus (WER higher about 2.50 in comparison with more than 3.00 in S. ghaderii).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FFE44941FDCF5B758769FE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FF9A4941FD8B5890875BFAA6.text	03E487D4FF9A4941FD8B5890875BFAA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shahrezanautilus Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Genus Shahrezanautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 449ADF07-95B8-481E-8C4B-4114FD3DC347</p><p>New genus E – Korn 2025: 69.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Shahrezanautilus weyeri gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Julfanautilidae with thinly pachyconic, subinvolute conch. Conch rapidly increasing in height with an extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER higher than 3.00). Whorls weakly embracing, whorl profile weakly depressed. Venter broadly rounded, umbilical wall flat and steep. Adult ornament with extremely fine growth lines. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple with a shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the city of Shahreza, the type locality of the type species.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran (this paper): Shahrezanautilus weyeri gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Shahrezanautilus ghaderii gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Shahrezanautilus gen. nov. differs from Julfanautilus in the broadly rounded venter, which in Julfanautilus has a concave shape.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FF9A4941FD8B5890875BFAA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FF9A4943FDEF5C148196FE18.text	03E487D4FF9A4943FDEF5C148196FE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shahrezanautilus weyeri Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Shahrezanautilus weyeri gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FBA54AF0-D7E6-4EBB-BBFA-2563F160A99D</p><p>Fig. 30; Table 23</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Shahrezanautilus gen. nov. with a thinly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.70; uw/dm ~0.25), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.40) and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER ~ 3.40) at a conch diameter of 60 mm. Whorl profile with a weakly convex venter, a pronounced ventrolateral shoulder, flatly convex and weakly convergent flanks, a subangular umbilical margin, a steep and flattened umbilical wall and a small imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.10). Suture line with a broadly rounded and shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Dieter Weyer (Berlin), who collected the holotype of the new species.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Shahreza; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2002; D. Weyer leg.; illustrated in Fig. 30; MB.C.32148.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • 1 specimen; Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32149.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32148 is an incomplete, fully chambered specimen with a phragmocone diameter of at least 75 mm (Fig. 30A). It has been preserved without remains of the shell. The conch is, at 57 mm diameter, thinly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm= 0.68; uw/dm = 0.26) with and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER= 3.38) and a small whorl overlap zone (IZR =0.07). The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.39) with a convex venter, a slightly pronounced by rounded ventrolateral shoulder and slightly flattened convergent flanks. The umbilical margin is very distinctive and subangular; it delimitates the broad and nearly flat, almost perpendicular umbilical wall (Fig. 30B). The suture line shows a shallow and broadly rounded external lobe and a twice as wide and deep, broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 30C). The last volution of the phragmocone has slightly more than 20 septa (CLI =18) and thus some indication for terminal septal crowding.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Shahrezanautilus weyeri gen. et sp. nov. differs from S. ghaderii gen. et sp. nov. in having a much wider umbilicus; the uw/dm ratio is about 0.25 in S. weyeri gen. et sp. nov. but only about 0.15 in S. ghaderii . This difference parallels a difference in the whorl overlap rate, which is only about 0.07 in S. weyeri, but 0.25 in S. ghaderii and in the coiling rate, which is higher in S. weyeri (WER ~3.40 compared to about 3.10 in S. ghaderii).</p><p>Shahrezanautilus weyeri gen. et sp. nov. is difficult to confuse with any other Late Permian nautiloid species due to its specific morphology with a very high, flattened umbilical wall and an angular umbilical margin. The two species Julfanautilus hairapetiani Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 and especially J. ashourii Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 show a slight similarity, although they have a concave venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FF9A4943FDEF5C148196FE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
03E487D4FF984944FDDB58B384CEFA1F.text	03E487D4FF984944FDDB58B384CEFA1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shahrezanautilus ghaderii Korn & Hairapetian 2025	<div><p>Shahrezanautilus ghaderii gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8FA187E3-F00F-44DE-A0FA-32A9E26A7B37</p><p>Fig. 31; Table 24</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Shahrezanautilus gen. nov. with thinly pachyconic, involute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.62; uw/dm ~0.13), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.10) and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER ~ 3.10) at a conch diameter of 80 mm. Whorl profile with convex venter, convex and convergent flanks, a subangular umbilical margin, a steep umbilical wall and a moderately deep imprint zone (IZR ~0.25). Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a weakly asymmetric, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Abbas Ghaderi (Mashhad), in honour of his contribution in studying the Permian–Triassic boundary.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – Esfahan Province • Baghuk Mountain; Hambast Formation, Vedioceras beds (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 31; MB.C.32150.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32150 is a largely chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 84 mm (Fig. 31B), which is heavily corroded on the last half volution. Some of the conch parameters on the last half volution can only be reconstructed. The conch is thinly pachyconic and involute (ww/dm ~ 0.62; uw/dm=0.13) with an extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER =3.09) and a moderately deep whorl overlap (IZR = 0.25). The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.08) with a convex venter, convex convergent flanks, a narrowly rounded umbilical margin and a steep umbilical wall (Fig. 31A). The suture line shows a very shallow, rounded lobe on venter and a broadly rounded, nearly symmetric lateral lobe (Fig. 31C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Shahrezanautilus ghaderii gen. et sp. nov. differs from S. weyeri gen. et sp. nov. in having a much narrower umbilicus; the uw/dm ratio is about 0.15 in S. ghaderii but about 0.25 in S. weyeri . This difference parallels a difference in the whorl overlap rate, which is about 0.25 in S. ghaderii, but only 0.07 in S. weyeri and in the coiling rate, which is lower in S. ghaderii (WER ~ 3.00 compared to about 3.40 in S. weyeri).</p><p>Shahrezanautilus ghaderii gen. et sp. nov. has some similarities with Julfanautilus ashourii Korn &amp; Ghaderi, 2025 from Julfa. Like S. ghaderii, J. apertum has a stout, involute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.65), which is more umbilicated in J. apertum (uw/dm ~ 0.25 in J. apertum, but only 0.15 in S. ghaderii). The main difference between the two species is the shape of the venter, which is convex in S. ghaderii and concave in J. apertum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487D4FF984944FDDB58B384CEFA1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Hairapetian, Vachik	Korn, Dieter, Hairapetian, Vachik (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1019: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1019.3071, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3071/13705
