taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E487DDE367FFD4E4BFFDF4F4E01880.taxon	discussion	New information on the morphology of various genera, as well as the inclusion of Dasythereva gen. n. has rendered previous keys to Neotropical Therevinae unworkable. This revised key is based originally on those keys by Irwin & Lyneborg (1981), Gaimari & Irwin (2000), Metz & Irwin (2000) and Gaimari & Webb (2009), but is heavily modified and restructured to accommodate new information and corrections. Representatives of all genera were examined here except for Winthemmyia Webb, which was unavailable and its inclusion is based on information provided in the original description by Webb (2005).	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE365FFD5E4BFFF40F3B31999.taxon	description	Common name. Woolly stiletto flies	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE365FFD5E4BFFF40F3B31999.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Dasythereva penai sp. n., herein designated.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE365FFD5E4BFFF40F3B31999.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna shorter than head; flagellum elliptical, shorter than combined scape and pedicel length; scape slightly bulbous, thicker than pedicel and flagellum; frontal part of head flat with frons only slightly produced anterior to eye, male frons width (at narrowest point) wider than ocellar tubercle, female frons only slightly wider than male; head shape in profile higher than long; face and parafacial densely setose; male with postocular macrosetae scattered over entire occiput, with an additional prominent single row along postocular ridge; thorax with dense setal pile of erect scale-like setae admixed with fine black setae; central depression of prosternum setose; pleuron sparsely pubescent, metanepisternum with postspiracular setae present; metakatepisternum often with a few setae present; femora with multiple anteroventral (av) and posteroventral (pv) setae present; forefemur with dorsal macrosetae absent; hind femur with av setae as a series along segment, pv macrosetae present basally; posterior surface of midcoxa without setae, or with a few setae present; midfemoral vestiture as filiform setae admixed with adpressed, lanceolate and scale-like setae; hind femur and tibia subequal in length to that of fore- and mid legs; hind coxal knob present; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs of macrosetae): supra alar macrosetae, 2; post alar macrosetae, 1; dorsocentral macrosetae, 1 – 2; scutellar macrosetae, 2; notopleural setae, 1 – 3; wing (Fig. 12) cell m 3 open; vein R 2 + 3 reflexed as sigmoid curve; wing membrane opaque white with distinct brown shading in most cells and darkened along wing veins; vein R 1 with setae absent; male terminalia (Fig. 13 A – E )) with dorsal apodeme of aedeagus broad, subtriangular and covering aedeagus dorsally, distiphallus narrow and directed ventrally; gonocoxite with posterior projections (outer gonocoxal projection) greatly reduced, inner gonocoxal process (igp) articulated, gonocoxite with posteromedial margins proximal; ventral apodeme of aedeagus narrow, ventral lobe large, elongate and rounded. Female acanthophorites with two sets of spines (A 1 & A 2), A 1 series enlarged; sternite 8 posterior margin emarginate posteromedially, two spermathecae present, spermathecal sac large and single lobed (Fig. 13 F); spermathecal ducts enlarged and membranous near basal attachment to spermathecal sac duct; tergite 8 elongate with broad anteromedial process.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE365FFD5E4BFFF40F3B31999.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the Greek Dasy – thick with hairs, and nominal genus - thereva. Gender is feminine. Included species. Dasythereva penai sp. n., D. patagonia sp. n.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE365FFD5E4BFFF40F3B31999.taxon	discussion	Comments. Dasythereva gen n. is a distinctive genus comprising two very similar species with characterised by the entire body being covered in a dense, dishevelled pile of scale-like, white and brown setae admixed with finer black setae. The male frons is much wider than the ocellar tubercle. Members of this genus appear to inhabit sandy areas in Chile and Argentina. Winterton et al. (2016: fig. 1) included this genus in their molecular phylogeny as “ Undescribed genus L ”. It was recovered in the Cerocatus genus-group (including the Brachylinga genus-group of Holston et al., 2007), although the molecular data did not adequately resolve relationships within this clade. However, Dasythereva gen. n. appears most closely related to Argolepida based on adult morphology. Argolepida is another distinctive Patagonian genus that is associated with sandy areas and shares characters such as scale-like setae on the body, elongate tibial macrosetae and a wide male frons. Dasythereva gen. n. is separable from Argolepida based on their much more robust body shape and larger size, wing cell m 3 open (closed in Argolepida), parafacial setae present (absent in Argolepida), leg macrosetae black (white in Argolepida), frons with extensive setal pile (usually lacking in Argolepida) and the scale-like setae covering body being erect and dense, giving a woolly appearance (smooth and adpressed in Argolepida).	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE362FFD1E4BFFF40F2021898.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 4, 5 A, 6 A, 11 A, 12 A, C, 14, 16) https: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 03 BFAE 2 D-A 1 B 1 - 451 E-AEE 1 - F 71 F 38649 DB 2 Common name. Peña’s Woolly Stiletto Fly	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE362FFD1E4BFFF40F2021898.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scale-like setal pile on head and thorax whitish-tan, admixed with black, filiform setae; abdominal setae white with black medial and lateral stripes.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE362FFD1E4BFFF40F2021898.taxon	description	Description. Body length: 9.0 – 11.0 mm (male), 8.5 – 9.5 mm (female). Head with grey-silver pubescence, darker on upper frons (Fig. 5 A); frons with dense, erect and dishevelled pile of lanceolate (scale-like) setae, light brown dorsally, predominantly white ventrally on lower frons and parafacial (Fig. 5 A), upper frons also admixed with erect, filiform black setae (longer and denser in male); parafacial with dense white setal pile; occiput with sparse silver pubescence, black macrosetae admixed with erect lanceolate setae, light brown dorsally, whiter laterally to gena; gena with dense white setal pile composed of admixed lanceolate and filiform setae, small patch of dark setae ventrally, adjacent to parafacial; labellum dark with erect white setal pile; palpus with dense white setal pile; antenna dark, scape with grey-silver pubescence and with large black setae admixed with smaller, white lanceolate setae; pedicel with grey-silver pubescence and band of small darks setae; flagellum dark brown; thorax ground colour black with sparse silver pubescence on pleuron, brown on scutum and scutellum; scutum and scutellum with recumbent (directed posteriorly), yellowish-brown, lanceolate setae admixed with longer, erect, black, filiform setae (longer in male); scutal macrosetae black; pleuron with dense pile of elongate, white, lanceolate setae with dishevelled appearance (upper part of pleuron yellowish suffusion in female), absent on meron and katepisternum, admixed with black, filiform setae on anepisternum and katatergite; coxae and femora black with elongate lanceolate and filiform setae; femora with shorter, yellowish and adpressed, lanceolate setae dorsally, longer and erect lanceolate setae ventrally admixed with black and white filiform setae; legs with all macrosetae black and relatively elongate; tibiae dark yellow to brown, darker apically; tarsi brown with black suffusion distally; haltere yellowishbrown; wing (Fig. 12 A, C) whitish translucent with leathery appearance, venation brown with yellowish suffusion on membrane along veins, brown markings on veins and cross-veins; infuscation in centre of most wing cells, especially towards wing margin; wing base with black setae as well as patch of short, white lanceolate setae; abdomen ground colour black with sparse grey to brown pubescence, admixed with extensive matted and dishevelled, white, lanceolate setal pile, setal longer laterally, black stripe of setae medially and laterally on tergites 2 – 5; segments 6 – 8 of female predominately with much shorter, erect, black setae; terminalia with erect black setal pile. Male genitalia (Fig. 14): Epandrium quadrangular, rounded processes posterolaterally, strong black setae in posterior half, longer laterally, shorter and denser posterolaterally; cerci elongate; gonocoxite broadly rounded anteriorly, quadrangular posteriorly with small outer gonocoxal process and smaller process posteroventrally; large, erect setae longer laterally and posteroventrally on processes; gonocoxal apodeme very small; hypandrium narrow and band-like; ventral lobe narrow and truncate, inner gonocoxal apodeme short, truncated apically with few setae; gonostylus robust with strong keel and acuminate apex; aedeagus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath large, subtriangular, ventral apodeme narrow, distiphallus narrow and recurved ventrally; ejaculatory apodeme narrow, spatulate apically. Female terminalia as per genus description.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE362FFD1E4BFFF40F2021898.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of the noted Chilean field entomologist, the late Luis (Lucho) Peña.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE362FFD1E4BFFF40F2021898.taxon	discussion	Comments. Dasythereva penai sp. n. is easily distinguished from D. patagonia sp. n. by the black stripes of lanceolate setae on the abdomen and the denser pile of black filiform setae on the scutum. This species is known from sandy habitats (e. g., dunes, dry sandy river beds, etc.) in Argentina and Chile. It has been reared from larvae collected by sifting sand around the base of vegetation. The type series from Argentina comprises specimens that were hand-netted or reared from larvae, and consequently they are in good condition. The specimens from Chile were collected into ethanol-filled Malaise traps before being dried and pinned. Unfortunately, most of these specimens are almost completely denuded and are lacking much of the diagnostic erect setal pile. While they are confirmed to belong to this species they have been included as additional material due to their poor condition rather than being included in the type series.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE362FFD1E4BFFF40F2021898.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Neuquén Province: Neuquén, 10.2 km S Zapala [- 38.9905, - 70.0969], 1020 m, 17. xii. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin (MEI 028441, MNBR). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Neuquén Province: 7 males, 5 females, same data as holotype (MEI 147455 – 60, 167935 – 6, 167952 – 5, CSCA). Santa Cruz Province: 2 females, 5 km NW [Comandate Lius] Piedrabuena [- 49.9722, - 68.9894], 130 m, 10. xii. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, low dunes [reared] (MEI 147454, 167937, CSCA); 11 females, 2 km S Caleta Olivia [- 46.4865, - 67.4881], 10 m. 12. xii. 1967, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, coastal dunes (MEI 147450 – 53, 153375, 153377, 167938 – 41, 167956, CSCA, UCCS). Other material examined. CHILE: Atacama Province: 2 males, 1 female, 5 km S San Pedro de Atacama Solor [- 22.944, - 68.175], 2414 m, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (CSCA); one female, 13 km E San Pedro de Atacama [- 22.9225, - 68.0758], 15. xi – 21. xii. 2003, 2568 m, Malaise in wide wash with shrubs, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (CSCA). Copiapó Province: 21 males, 11 females, 125 km SE Copiapó, Fundo La Semilla [- 28.2506, - 69.741], 2028 m, Malaise in ravine, alluvium in river, various dates (17. xi – 19. xii. 2003), M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (CSCA, UCCS). Coquimbo Province: 2 males, Elqui Quebrada Las Mulas, nr. El Indio Mine [- 30.226, - 70.492], 3100 m, 19. i – 23. ii. 1993, Malaise trap, H. Vasques C. (MEI 147463, 106984, CSCA). Limarí Province: 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park, Quebrada las Vacas, 2 km NW Admin, 3. xi. 1997, Malaise across damp wash, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 550 ft. [168 m], [- 30.6710, - 71.6421] (MEI 106990, CSCA).	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE36FFFDAE4BFFF40F3011897.taxon	description	(Figs 5 B, 6 B, 7 – 10, 11 B, 12 B, D, 13, 15 – 16) https: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 11589610 - F 958 - 4632 - A 089 - 2 C 2 FF 871 CE 97 Common name. Patagonian woolly Stiletto Fly.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE36FFFDAE4BFFF40F3011897.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scale-like setal pile on head and thorax yellowish-tan, admixed black filiform setae sparse; abdominal setae entirely white.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE36FFFDAE4BFFF40F3011897.taxon	description	Description. Body length: 8.0 – 9.5 mm (male), 9.0 – 9.5 mm (female). Head with greyish-brown pubescence, darker on upper frons (Fig. 5 B); frons with dense, erect and dishevelled pile of lanceolate (scale-like) setae, yellowish-brown dorsally, lighter ventrally on lower frons and parafacial, upper frons also admixed with erect, filiform black setae (longer and denser in male); parafacial with dense yellowish-white setal pile; occiput with sparse silver pubescence, black macrosetae admixed with erect lanceolate setae, light brown dorsally, whiter laterally to gena; gena with dense yellowish-white setal pile composed of admixed lanceolate and filiform setae, small patch of dark setae ventrally, adjacent to parafacial; labellum dark with erect white setal pile; palpus with dense white setal pile; antenna dark, scape with grey-silver pubescence and with large black setae admixed with smaller, white lanceolate setae; pedicel with grey-silver pubescence and band of small dark setae; flagellum dark brown; thorax ground colour black with sparse silver pubescence on pleuron, brown on scutum and scutellum; scutum and scutellum with recumbent (directed posteriorly), light brown, lanceolate setae admixed with longer, erect, black, filiform setae (longer in male); scutal macrosetae black; pleuron with dense pile of elongate, white, lanceolate setae with irregular dishevelled appearance, upper part of pleuron with yellowish suffusion, setae absent on meron and katepisternum, admixed with black, filiform setae on anepisternum; coxae and femora black with elongate lanceolate and filiform setae; femora with shorter, yellowish and adpressed, lanceolate setae dorsally, longer and erect lanceolate setae ventrally admixed with black and white filiform setae; legs with all macrosetae black and relatively elongate; tibiae dark yellow to brown, darker apically; tarsi brown to black; haltere yellowish; wing (Fig. 12 B, D) whitish translucent with leathery appearance, venation brown with yellowish suffusion on membrane along veins, brown markings on veins and cross-veins; infuscation in centre of most wing cells, especially towards wing margin; wing base with black setae as well as patch of short, white lanceolate setae; abdomen ground colour black with sparse grey to brown pubescence, admixed with extensive matted and dishevelled, white, lanceolate setae on tergites 2 – 5 (some females denuded medially, e. g., Fig. 11 B); segments 6 – 8 of female predominately with much shorter, erect, black setae. Male genitalia (Figs 13, 15): Epandrium quadrangular, elongate processes posterolaterally, strong black setae in posterior half, longer laterally, shorter and denser posterolaterally; cerci elongate; gonocoxite broadly rounded anteriorly, quadrangular posteriorly with small outer gonocoxal process and smaller process posteroventrally; large, erect setae longer laterally and posteroventrally on processes; gonocoxal apodeme very small; hypandrium narrow and band-like; ventral lobe narrow and truncate, inner gonocoxal apodeme short, truncated apically with few setae; gonostylus robust with strong keel and acuminate apex; aedeagus with dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath large, subtriangular, ventral apodeme narrow, distiphallus narrow and recurved ventrally; ejaculatory apodeme narrow, spatulate apically. Female terminalia as per genus description.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE36FFFDAE4BFFF40F3011897.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the Patagonian region of South America where this species occurs.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE36FFFDAE4BFFF40F3011897.taxon	discussion	Comments. Dasythereva patagonia sp. n. is distinguished from D. penai sp. n. by the uniform white lanceolate setae on the abdomen and the less-dense pile of black filiform setae on the scutum. This species is known from dune habitats in Argentina and Chile. The type series comprises specimens that were hand-netted or reared from larvae, and consequently they are in good condition. The additional specimens are almost completely denuded and are lacking much of the diagnostic erect setal pile. While they are confirmed to belong to this species they have been included as additional material due to their poor condition rather than being included in the type series.	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
03E487DDE36FFFDAE4BFFF40F3011897.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz Province: 2 km S Caleta Olivia [- 46.4865, - 67.4881], 10 m. 12. xii. 1967, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, coastal dunes (MEI 1147432, MNBR). Paratypes. ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz Province: 20 males, same data as holotype (147433 – 44, 147449, 153376, 153378, 167945, 167947 – 9, CSCA, UCCS); 4 males, 5 km NW [Comandate Lius] Piedrabuena [- 49.9722, - 68.9894], 130 m, 10. xii. 1966, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, low dunes [reared] (MEI 147445 – 7, 167946, CSCA). Other material examined. ARGENTINA: Chubut Province: 2 males, Arroyo Pescado [- 43.0754, - 70.8150], 630 m, 19. xi. 1966, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, fine blown dune sand (MEI 147448, 153380, CSCA); 1 male, 25 km S Comodore Rivadavia [- 45.9968, - 67.5985], hand net on hillside dune, M. E. Irwin, 7. i. 2006, 30 m (CSCA). CHILE: Choapa Province: 2 males, 7 km N. Los Vilos, 9. ii. 1989, R. Miller, L. Stange [- 31.851, - 70.495] (MEI 146229, 146280, FSCA). Copiapo Province: 1 female, Rodillo, 7 km N. Caldera, 2. x. 1997, 5 m, dry canyon, M. E. Irwin, D. K. Yeates [- 27.0058, - 70.7851], [larva sieved form sand] pupated? 15. ii. 1998, eclosed? 9. iii. 1998 [teneral specimen] (MEI 114569, CSCA). Coquimbo Province: 1 female, near Tongoy [- 30.25, - 71.50], 10. i. 1989, B. R. Miller, L. A. Stange, under plants, coastal dunes [reared] (MEI 167934, FSCA). Limarí Province: 1 female, Fray Jorge National Park, Quebrada las Vacas, 16. xi. 1997, Malaise across damp wash, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, 145 m [- 30.6710, - 71.6421] (MEI 0106338, CSCA).	en	Irwin, Michael E., Winterton, Shaun L. (2020): A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa 4838 (1): 52-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.2
