identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E487F9FF99E2404EC1FDF93B13F7A8.text	03E487F9FF99E2404EC1FDF93B13F7A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula Medicus 1787	<div><p>Wissadula Medicus (1787:24) .</p><p>Type:— Wissadula zeylanica Medic. (1760:24) = Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Presl. ex Thwaites.</p><p>Subshrubs or shrubs, creeping or erect, or treelets. Trichomes in vegetative and sexual parts, whitish, hyaline or ferruginous, simple, glandular or not, fasciculate, fasciculate-stipitate, multiradiate, or multiradiate-stipitate. Branches terete, erect, rarely patent ( W. excelsior). Stipules in pairs, rarely epipetiolar ( W. glechomifolia), filiform, linear, lanceolate or elliptic, deciduous or persistent, pubescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole terete (sometimes subsessile), simple, alternate, with entire margins (rarely lobed, with acute lobes); blade usually upper surface green and lower surface pale green, sometimes concolor, rarely conspicously upper surface dark green and lower surface pale green ( W. stipulata and W. cuspidata), membranous or chartaceous (sometimes transparent when dry), variable in shape (from orbicular to lanceolate and deltoid) and base type (cordate, sometimes with imbricate lobes, subcordate, truncate, rounded or attenuate), apex type (acute, acuminate, cuspidate or obtuse, rarely apiculate or mucronulate) and margins (entire, undulate, serrate or crenate, rarely revolute, frequently ciliate, with trichomes simple); adaxial surface glabrous to pubescent; abaxial surface publescent with trichomes fasciculate, multiradiate or multiradiate-stipitate; venation broquidodromous. Synflorescences frondose-bracteate, pedunculate, pyramidal, rarely oblong, lax or congested, sometimes with uniflorous branches ( W. caribaea); coflorescences in compound-racemes; accessory branches with 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium thin during flowering, thick during the fruiting stage; bracts leaves-like, decreasing gradually in size toward the stem apices. Flowers pentamerous, pedicellate; calyx gamosepalous, campanulate, sometimes accrescent during the fruit stage; sepals acute, cleft up to the median or lower region of the calyx; abaxial surface pubescent, with trichomes hyaline or ferrugineous; adaxial surface frequently whitish, pubescent; corolla white (sometimes with a yellow), beige, yellow, rarely beige to pink (sometimes purple in the middle); petals spathulate, with margin pubescent at the base (fasciculate-stipitate trichomes); staminal column about 1 mm long, with few trichomes, hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate; free portion of the filaments three times longer than the column; anthers yellow, oblong; ovary superior, with 3–7 free carpels, (1–2–)3 ovules per loculus; styles slightly longer than filaments; stigma capitate. Schizocarp with 3–6(–7) mericarps, awned (rarely muticous), partially dehiscent, with constriction conspicuous or inconspicuous, glabrous, puberulous or pubescent, sometimes only on the fusion of the carpels and on the upper portion of the mericarps (trichomes simple, glandular or fasciculate, rarely multiradiate); seeds usually 3 (rare 1 in W. stipulata), 2 collateral and globose upper seeds, and 1 subovate lower seed, glabrous or pilose, with trichomes simple; hilum region pilose (sometimes glabrous), with trichomes simple, long, rarely short.</p><p>Note — Medicus (1787) described Wissadula while describing W. zeylanica [superfluous name], mainly based on the fruit morphology of a plant collected in Ceylon by P. Hermann in the early 1670s. Based on the number of ovules per loculus and the morphology of the mericarp, Schumann (1891) later recognized three sections for the genus: Wissada (one ovule), Wissadula (two or three ovules), and Wissadulastrum (with “endoglossum”; mericarps horizontally divided). Fries (1908) accepted the sections Wissada and Wissadula and recognized a new genus, Pseudabutilon, for species included in the section Wissadulastrum . Grisebach (1864) transferred the taxa of the section Wissada to the genus Sida L., highlighting their similarity with Wissadula and the need for further studies in the genus Wissadula .</p><p>The section Wissada is currently represented by three species: W. divergens (Benth.) Benth. &amp; Hook.f. (endemic to Ecuador), W. fadyenii R.E.Fr. (from the Antilles to Bolivia), and W. stipulata Bovini (endemic to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil); the section Wissadula comprises the remaining 29 species of the genus. The Wissadula species can be found in all habitats, especially in disturbed and dry areas on forest edges or clearings, and may form large populations or be represented by only one individual.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF99E2404EC1FDF93B13F7A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF9AE2434EC1FF6D3DA5FABE.text	03E487F9FF9AE2434EC1FF6D3DA5FABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula Medicus 1787	<div><p>Key to Brazilian Species of Wissadula</p><p>1. Ovary with 1 ovule per loculus; mericarps 1-seeded ............................................................. W. stipulata ( Wissadula sect. Wissada)</p><p>- Ovary with 3 ovules per loculus; mericarps 3-seeded (sect. Wissadula)...........................................................................................2</p><p>2. Corolla white or yellowish-beige, rarely pink, sometimes yellow in the center................................................................................3</p><p>- Corolla yellow....................................................................................................................................................................................8</p><p>3. Subshrubs creeping.................................................................................................................................................... W. glechomifolia</p><p>- Subshrubs or shrubs erect, rarely treelets...........................................................................................................................................4</p><p>4. Leaf glabrous on the adaxial surface ............................................................................................................................... W. cuspidata</p><p>- Leaf pubescent on the adaxial surface................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>5. Synflorescence cylindrical, dense ................................................................................................................................... W. contracta</p><p>- Synflorescence pyramidal, lax, or inflorescence uniflorous..............................................................................................................6</p><p>6. Inflorescence uniflorous ................................................................................................................................................... W. caribaea</p><p>- Synflorescence a compound-raceme..................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>7. Branches with floccose indumentum; corolla with the yellow center.............................................................................. W. excelsior</p><p>- Branches with non-floccose indumentum; corolla without a yellow center ............................................................. W. periplocifolia</p><p>8. Leaf margin serrate or crenate, rarely entire......................................................................................................................................9</p><p>- Leaf margin entire-undulate.............................................................................................................................................................12</p><p>9. Branches, petioles and inflorescence with simple trichomes,, not glandular..................................................................................10</p><p>- Branches, petioles and inflorescence with trichomes glandular.......................................................................................................11</p><p>10. Leaf blade with base cordate and cordate-imbricate; corolla ca. 1.3 cm diameter ..................................................... W. wissadifolia</p><p>- Leaf blade with base cordate, not imbricate; corolla 0.9–1 cm diameter............................................................................ W. setifera</p><p>11. Schizocarp 1–1.1 cm diam, constriction inconspicuous....................................................................................................... W. decora</p><p>- Schizocarp 0.7–0.8 cm diam; constriction conspicuous..................................................................................................... W. delicata</p><p>12. Branches and petioles hirtellus, trichomes 3–5 mm long, always simple .................................................................... W. amplissima</p><p>- Branches and petioles puberulous, pubescent, tomentose or velutinous, trichomes about 1 mm long, simple, fasciculate or fasciculate-stipitate................................................................................................................................................................................13</p><p>13. Mericarp with 2 spines, each 4–5 mm long.................................................................................................................... W. parviflora</p><p>- Mericarp muticous or 2 spines &lt;2.5 mm long..................................................................................................................................14</p><p>14. Leaf cordiform, base cordate or subcordate.....................................................................................................................................15</p><p>- Leaf ovate or deltoid, base subcordate, or truncate..........................................................................................................................17</p><p>15. Leaf with only simple trichomes on the adaxial surface; mericarp muticous .............................................................. W. macrantha</p><p>- Leaf with trichomes simple, glandular, and fasciculate, rarely multiradiate on the adaxial surface; mericarps with spines...........16</p><p>16. Schizocarp with 5(4) mericarps, constriction inconspicuous, trichomes glandular ................................................. W. hernandioides</p><p>- Schizocarp with 4 mericarps, constriction conspicuous, trichomes not glandular............................................... W. krapovickasiana</p><p>17. Corolla dark purple in the center; schizocarp with trichomes only on the distal region of the mericarp............... W. paraguariensis</p><p>- Corolla not dark purple in the center; schizocarp with trichomes all over the mericarp..................................................................18</p><p>18. Branches glabrous to pubescent; schizocarp with 4 mericarps, pubescent, constriction conspicuous............................. W. boliviana</p><p>- Branches tomentose; schizocarps with 5–6 tomentose mericarps, constriction inconspicuous......................................... W. indivisa</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF9AE2434EC1FF6D3DA5FABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF9AE2424EC1F9C038CCFCDE.text	03E487F9FF9AE2424EC1F9C038CCFCDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula stipulata Bovini 2009	<div><p>1. Wissadula stipulata Bovini (2009: 15) .</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Bonito, Projeto Guaicurus, arredores, 14 March 2003, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 74690 (holotype: MBM!; isotypes: CTES!, RB, photo!) .</p><p>Shrubs 1–2.5 m tall, erect. Branches whitish, silky, dense to moderately pubescent, trichomes glandular, rare fasciculate. Stipules 1.5–1.7 cm long, lanceolate, apex long-acuminate, free, persistent, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes simple, minute, abaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate. Leaves with petioles 0.5–6.5 cm long, indument and trichomes type similar to those of the branches; lamina 4.5–12 × 2.5–6 cm, leaf brown dark-brown above (when dry), membranaceous to chartaceous, ovate to lanceolate, base cordate to attenuate, lobes up to 1.2 cm long, apex acuminate to acute, margin entire, revolute; adaxial surface usually glabrous (trichomes glandular rare); abaxial surface whitish, velutinous, trichomes multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-raceme, 25–30 cm long; secondary axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 1.8–2 cm long, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 0.9–1 cm long; indumentum and trichomes like those of the anthopodium; calyx 5–6 mm long, sepals cleft up to the medial region of the calyx, not accrescent during the fructification, adaxial surface moderately puberulous, with simple and long trichomes, abaxial surface puberulous with fasciculate trichomes, margin villous with simple and long trichomes; corolla 1.8–1.9 cm in diameter, white to beige, without dark center; staminal column with hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate trichomes, free portion of filaments about 5 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 6 mm long. Schizocarp 0.7–0.9 cm in diameter; 4 mericarps, 7–8 × 4–5 mm; spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, glabrous, silky (when dry); seed 1, ca. 2 mm long, hilum villous, trichomes simple.</p><p>Representative specimens examined— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Bonito, rodovia Bonito-Anastácio, 19 March 2004, fl., Hatschbach et al. 77251 (MBM).</p><p>Etymology— The epithet “ stipulata ” is related to the presence of large stipules.</p><p>Distribution— Thus far, the species occurrence is restricted to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.</p><p>Note— This species is characterized by a remarkable green discoloration of the leaves when dry, a dark brown adaxial surface that is almost glabrous (with sparse and inconspicuous glandular trichomes), a white-silver abaxial surface, stipules 1.5 to 1.7 cm long (the largest of the genus in Brazil so far), and schizocarps with four glabrous 1–seeded mericarps. Similar species include W. cuspidata and W. excelsior, which have stipules &lt;1.4 cm, glabrous leaf blades ( W. cuspidata) or hispid ( W. excelsior), and a larger number of seeds (3).</p><p>Wissadula section Wissadula K.Schum. (1891: 438) . Sida contracta Link. (1822: 204) . W. contracta (Link) R.E.Fr., Kungl. (1908: 60) . Type:— MADAGASCAR (holotype: B, destroyed). VENEZUELA. Caracas, prope Tabacal, Funck (as “Galeotti”) 460 (neotype P, designated by Fryxell 2002).</p><p>Dagnostic character: ovary with 3 ovules per loculus (rarely 1–2 aborted), and mericarps with 3 seeds (rarely 1–2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF9AE2424EC1F9C038CCFCDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF9BE2454EC1FC593B8CFA72.text	03E487F9FF9BE2454EC1FC593B8CFA72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula amplissima (Linnaeus 1753) R. E. Fr. 1908	<div><p>2. Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E.Fr., Kungl. (1908: 48).</p><p>Sida amplissima L. (1753: 685). Abutilon amplissimum (L.) O. Kuntze (1898: 17). Type:— Plumier, Pl. Amer.: 2, tab. 3. 1755 (lectotype: designated Krapovickas 1996).</p><p>Wissadula hirsuta C. Presl. (1835: 118) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia, without date, Lhotzky s.n. (lectotype: designated Krapovickas 1996, PR-4541G; isolectotype: PR-4540 G).</p><p>Abutilon crinitum Klotzch (1840: 301) . Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia, july 1835, Luschnath 169 (holotype: B, destroyed; neotype: MO, designated here, digital image!)</p><p>Subshrubs or shrubs, rarely treelets, 1–3 m tall, erect. Branches hirtellous, the young sometimes hirsutellous, trichomes hyaline, simple, 3–5 mm long, caducous or not, trichomes fasciculate minute. Stipules 0.8–0.9 cm long, lanceolate, free, caducous, hirtellous, trichomes simple, long, and trichomes fasciculate on both surfaces. Leaves with petioles 3–16 cm long, hirtellous, trichomes simple, very long, and minute-glandular; lamina 3.5–20 × 2.5–15 cm, green concolorous or moderately discolour, membranaceous, cordiform, sometimes moderately lanceolate, base cordate, frequently with lobes imbricate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, margin entire to moderately undulate; adaxial surface hirsutellous, trichomes spreading, hyaline, simple, and glandular, rare fasciculate, abaxial surface sparsely or densely velutinous, whitish, trichomes multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-raceme, 25–35 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 2–3 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 0.9–1 cm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium; calyx 3–4 mm long, accrescent at fruit, and sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes simple, long, and fasciculate, abaxial surface sericeous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 10–11 mm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple, and fasciculate–stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5-celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 0.9–1 cm diam; (3)4–5 mericarps, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriction conspicuous, glabrescent to puberullous, trichomes glandular; seeds 3, &lt;3 mm long, glabrescent, trichomes simple overall surface, hilum pubescent, trichomes simple. (Figs. 5a–c).</p><p>Representative specimens examined— BRAZIL. Maranhão: Carolina, 24 May 1950, fl., Pires &amp; Black 2052 (IAN) ; Loreto, 6 April 1962, fl., fr., Eiten &amp; Eiten 4110 (CTES, SP) . Piauí: Bonfim (?),1912, fl., fr., Luezelburg 1566 (RB) . Ceará: Baturité, 26 June 1908, fl., fr., Ducke s.n. (MG 1178) ; Maracanaú, Santo Antônio, 1937, fl., fr., Barroso 41 (RB, RBR) ; entre Crato e o aeroporto, 25 August 1964, fl., fr., Castellanos 25252 (GUA) . Paraíba: Alagoinha, March 1940, fl., fr., Deslandes s.n. (IAC, RB 428963, SP 5713) ; Areia, 20 October 1956, fl., fr., Moraes s.n. (RB 100441) ; Pernambuco: Escola ?, 13 August 1924, fl., fr., Pickel 814 (SP) ; Fernando de Noronha, 18 April 1990, fl., Mello-Filho 5480 (R) ; July 1890, fr., Ridley et al. 09 (K, RB-foto); Rio Formoso, 28 August 1954, fl., fr., Falcão et al. 856 (RB) ; São Lourenço da mata, 21 July 1978, fl., fr., Campêlo &amp; Campêlo 639 (RB, RBR) ; estação Ecológica do Tapacurá, 18 October 1996, fl., fr., Baracho &amp; Siqueira-Filho 283 (UFP) . Alagoas: Agua Branca, Chupete, October 1948, fl., fr., Neto 131 (RB) . Bahia: Brumado, Brumadinho, 26 September 2005, fl., fr., Bovini 2519 (RB) ; Cruz das Almas, 26 January 1956, fl., Monteiro s.n. (RBR 62009); Feira de Santana, 31 July 1980, fl., fr., Noblick 1956 (RB) ; Ilhéus, May 1821, fl., fr., Riedel 109 (K) ; Jequié, BR-116, a 15 km ao N de Jequié, 13 July 1979, fl., fr., Mori &amp; King 12183 (CEPEC, RB) ; Lafayete Coutinho, rod. BA-890, 6 May 1979, fl., fr., Mori &amp; Santos 11824 (CEPEC, K, RB) ; Macaúbas, estrada para Canatiba, 20 April 1996, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 65146 (MBM) ; Oliveira dos Brejinhos, Canabrava, 16 March 1998, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 67789 (MBM) ; Porto Seguro, 11 June 1962, fl., fr., Duarte 6658 (RB) ; Rio de Contas, 23 March 1977, fl., fr., Harley et al. 19888 (K, SPF, UEC) ; Santa Cruz da Cabrália, 23 September 1981, fl., fr., Brito &amp; Vinha 143 (SPF) ; Locality unknown, without date, fr., Salzmann s.n. (K H2005/00449) . Tocantins: Aurora do Tocantins, 10 May 2000, fl., fr., Hatschbach et al. 70842 (MBM) . Goiás: Formosa, córrego Extrema, 21 April 1966, fl., fr., Irwin et al. 15231 (CTES) ; Monte Alegre de Goiás, Fazenda Sumidouro, 12 April 2000, fl., Silva 4376 (IBGE, SP) ; Niquelândia, nas margens do rio Tacantinzinho, 21 July 1995, fl., Cavalcanti 1507 (CEN, SP) . Minas Gerais: environs de Rio de Janeiro, February 1882, fr., Glaziou 12445 (CTES, K) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.261665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.114166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.261665/lat -17.114166)">Brasilândia</a>, 17º06’51”S e 46º15’42”W, 21 May 2010, fl., fr., Bovini 3171 (RB) ; Capinópolis, 28 June 1957, fl., fr., without collector (SP 51522) ; Inhapim, 1 February 1967, fl., fr., Lindeman &amp; Haas 4567 (MBM) ; Itacarambi, rio São Francisco, 19 February 2004, fl., fr., Hatschbach 78008 (MBM) ; Januária, 15 km by road W of Januária on road to Serra das Araras, 20 April 1973, fl., fr., Anderson 9212 et al. (K, NY, RB) ; Minas Novas, 23 March 1993, fl., fr., Esteves &amp; Kameyama 2490 (SP) . Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, São João de Petrópolis, 23 July 1985, fl., fr., Boudet Fernandes 1343 (MBML, RB) . Rio de Janeiro: Bom Jesus de Itabapoana, 16 October 1982, fl., fr., Santos et al. 148 (GUA) ; entre Campos e São Fidélis, 16 November 1876, fl., Glaziou 10285 (R) ; Magé, Barão do Iriri, próximo ao manguezal, 14 November 2007, fl., fr., Bovini et al. 2683 (RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Horto, em cultivo na rua Dona Castorina, 31 May 1927, fl., fr., Kuhlmann s.n. (RB 637). São Paulo: Bananal, 27 July 1994, fr., Barreto 2364 (ESA, UEC) ; Buritizal, 27 July 1994, fl., fr., Barreto et al. 2768 (ESA, RB, SP) ; Paulo de Faria, Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, 23 August 1995, fl., Grecco et al. 78 (SP) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet amplissima refers to the leaf’s width, perhaps because the species has the largest dimensions known among Sida species previously described at that time.</p><p>Distribution— The species occurs in the West Indies, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. In Brazil, it can be frequently found in the northeastern and southeastern regions, but less frequently in the mid-western region.</p><p>Note— Hirtellous indumenta, consisting of simple trichomes and the presence of long trichomes on branches and petioles, were consistently observed in the specimens studied. Nevertheless, because the trichomes may be sparse and/ or deciduous, trichome density significantly varies. W. wissadifolia is similar to W. amplissima but differs in having leaves with serrate margins.</p><p>Wissadula amplissima is part of a species complex composed of W. hernandioides and W. subpeltata based on the shape of its leaves. Krapovickas (1996a) lectotypified W. amplissima and proposed an identification key for similar species and their morphological description based on the plate by Plumier (1755), who emphasized the simple and long trichomes on the branches and petioles as diagnostic characteristics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF9BE2454EC1FC593B8CFA72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF9CE2444EC1FA353BDCFCDE.text	03E487F9FF9CE2444EC1FA353BDCFCDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula boliviana R. E. Fr. 1908	<div><p>3. Wissadula boliviana R.E.Fr. (1908: 40) .</p><p>Type:— BOLÍVIA. without locality and date, fl., Bang 2809 (lectotype: MO, designated here, digital image!; isolectotype: B, BM, G, K, NY, US) .</p><p>Shrubs 1.5–2.5 m tall, erects. Adult branches glabrate, pubescent when young, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, rare minute glandular. Stipules 0.4–0.5 cm long, lanceolate, free, caducous, both surface tomentose, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate. Leaves with petioles 1–4.5 cm long, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate-stipitate; lamina 2.5–10 × 2–7.5 cm, green discolour, membranaceous to chartaceous, ovate to cordiform, base subcordate to sub-truncate, apex acute to long acuminate, margin entire; adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes hyaline, simple, and glandular, rare multiradiate, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes whitish, multiradiate, stipitate or not. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-racemes, 17–20 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 1–1.1 cm long, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate, fasciculate-stipitate and glandular. Flowers with pedicel 4–5 mm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium; calyx 2–3 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface tomentose, ferrugineous, trichomes fasciculate, fasciculate-stipitate and glandular, abaxial surface sericeous, trichomes simple, long; corolla ca. 1 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few hyaline trichomes, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 4 mm long. Schizocarp 0.7–0.8 cm diam; 4 mericarps, 6–7 × 3–4 mm, spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction conspicuous, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate and multiradiate; seeds 3, ca. 3 mm long, hilum puberulous, trichomes simple. (Figs. 5d–f).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, July 1911, fl, Hoehne 3015 (BM, R) ; Miranda, 4 June 1983, fl., Silva 35 (CTES, RB, SP) ; 9 September 2007, fl., Bovini et al. 2679 (RB) .</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined— BOLÍVIA. La Paz: 4 July 1981, fl., fr., Beck 4737 (CTES, LPB); 15 December 1997, fl., Beck 23224 (CTES, LPB); Yungas, 1 April 1986, fl., Beck 12620 (CTES, LPB) ; 6 May 1990, fl., Luteyn &amp; Dorr 13505 (CTES, NY) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet boliviana refers to the country Bolivia (locus classicus of the species)</p><p>Distribution— It is found in Bolivia and in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Wissadula boliviana was recorded for the first time in Brazil.</p><p>Note— Wissadula boliviana can be identified by its leaves, which are usually membranous and pubescent on the adaxial surface with an acute to long acuminate apex, and the presence of four mericarps. A. Krapovickas (pers. comm.) states that this species is difficult to identify, particularly when the leaves reach adult size because they become similar to those of W. excelsior . Fries (1908) described W. boliviana with long-petiolate leaves and trigonous petioles. However, based on the material analyzed, petioles are up to 4.5 cm long, which represents the average size in the Wissadula genus. Because the characteristic trigonous shape was not observed, we believe that the petiole may have been modified by the herborization techniques applied to the type material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF9CE2444EC1FA353BDCFCDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF9DE2474EC1FC593D52FD9A.text	03E487F9FF9DE2474EC1FC593D52FD9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula caribaea (DC.) Bovini 2010	<div><p>4. Wissadula caribaea (DC.) Bovini (2010: 439) .</p><p>Sida periplocifolia var. caribaea DC. (1824: 468) . Type:— JAMAICA. Without locality and date, Sloane, Hist. 1: t.139. f. 3.1707 (lectotype designated by Fryxell 2002).</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C.Presl. var. antillarum R. E. Fr. f. macrophylla R. E. Fr. (1908: 35) . Type:— PORTO RICO [Puerto Rico]. Cabo-Rojo circa hacienda Carmelita, 13 January 1885, fl., Sintenis 803 (lectotype: US, designated here, digital image!). Chosen from syntypes: Underwood &amp; Griggs 625 (NY) ; Sintenis 803 (US, digital image!); Sintenis 2243b (US, digital image!).</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia (L) C.Presl. var. antillarum R. E. Fr. f. microphylla R. E. Fr. (1908: 35) . Type:— CUBA. Without locality, 1865, fl. fr., Wright 2050 p.p. (lectotype: US! designated by Areces &amp; Fryxell 2007, digital image; isolectotype: NY!) .</p><p>Subshrubs or shrubs 1–1.5 m tall, erects. Branches puberullous, trichomes hyaline, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, caducous or not. Stipule ca. 0.5 cm long, linear to lanceolate, free, caducous, darker than foliar lamina (when dry), both surface tomentose, trichomes fasciculate. Leaves with petioles 2–5.5 cm long, indumentum and trichomes equal to the branches; lamina 2.5–11 × 2–7.5 cm, membranaceous, sometimes translucent (when dry), green discolour, large-cordiform to cordiform, base cordate to subcordate, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire, ciliate; adaxial surface puberulous, trichomes simple, glandular and fasciculate, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes multiradiate. Synflorescence of flowers solitary; anthopodium 1–1.3 cm long, puberulous, trichomes frequently at the apex, simple, glandular and fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 8–10 mm long, pubescent, trichomes like the anthopodium, ca. 1.3 cm long; calyx 3.8–4 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface tomentose, trichomes fasciculate, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 0.6–0.7 cm diam., beige or rose, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments 1–2 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 4 mm long. Schizocarp 1–1.2 cm diam; 4(5) mericarps, 8–9 × 4–5 mm, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriction conspicuous, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate, few simple; seeds 3, ca. 3 mm long, tomentose, trichomes simple, hilum lanose, trichomes simple. (Figs. 5g –i)</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Piauí: 27 km W de Oeiras, BR-320, 8 April 1983, fl., fr., Krapovickas 38771 (CTES) ; Ceará: without locality, 27 August 1935, fl., Drouet 2380 (R); Aurora, 26 April 1941, fl., Bezerra s.n. (CTES 50851) ; Maracanaú, Santo Antonio, January 1937, fl., fr., Barroso 01 (RB, RBR) ; Maranguape, 9 October 1935, fr., Drouet 2584 (R) . Pernambuco: Fernando de Noronha, May 1986, fl., fr., Melo Filho 5176 (R) ; 9 March 1993, fl., fr., Félix et al. 5677 (CTES, HST) ; 20 December 2002, fl., fr., Miranda 3252 (CTES, HST) . Bahia: Governador Mangabeira, May 1980, fl., fr., “Pedra do Cavalo” 43 (RB) ; 14 January 1997,fl., fr., Arbo 7215 (CTES); Uauá, 29 March 2000, fl., fr., Saar 04 (ALCB, RB) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet caribaea is an allusion to the Caribbean, since the type material was collected in Jamaica.</p><p>Distribution— The species occurs in the West Indies and Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in the States of Piauí, Ceará, Pernambuco and Bahia</p><p>Note— Wissadula caribaea is characterized by leaves that are membranous, large-cordiform to cordiform, and cordate at the base; axillary inflorescences, which are reduced to solitary flowers; and four schizocarps (rarely five). This species is similar to W. periplocifolia, but its more chartaceous leaves and the presence of five mericarps distinguish this species. This species is also similar to W. fadyenii, a species that does not occur in Brazil and that has only one seed per mericarp.</p><p>Bovini (2010) mistakenly designated Wissadula caribaea a lectotype in examined herbarium material, and when analyzing the species again, we realized that Fryxell (2002) had already designated a lectotypification species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF9DE2474EC1FC593D52FD9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF9EE2594EC1FD9D3C07FEBA.text	03E487F9FF9EE2594EC1FD9D3C07FEBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula contracta (Link 1822) R. E. Fr. 1908	<div><p>5. Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E.Fr. (1908: 60) .</p><p>Sida contracta Link. (1822: 204) . Abutilon contractum (Link.) Sweet (1830: 64) . Type:— VENEZUELA. Caracas, prope Tabacal, Funck (as “Galeotti”) 460 (neotype: P designated by Fryxell 2002).</p><p>Sida luciana DC. (1824: 468) . Abutilon lucianum (DC.) Sweet (1830: 64) . Wissadula luciana (DC.) Bentham ex Triana &amp; Planch (1862: 188) . Type:— SANTA LUCIA. Without date, fr., Anderson s.n. (holotype: BM!, G-DC.!, CTES, photo!).</p><p>Sida leschenaultiana DC. (1824: 468) . Abutilon leschenaultianum (DC.) Sweet (1826: 53) . Wissadula leschenaultiana (DC.) Masters in Hooker f. (1874: 325). Type:— INDIA. Without date, fl., fr., Lechenault s.n. (holotype: G-DC, CTES, photo!).</p><p>Abutilon leucanthemum A. St. -Hil. (1827: 200). Sida leucanthema (A. St.-Hil.) D. Dietrich (1847: 852). Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, prope vicum dictum S. Gonzalo, without date, St. -Hilaire s.n. (holotype: P).</p><p>Abutilon periplocifolium Sweet var. albicans Griseb. (1859: 77) . Type:— TRINIDAD. Without date, fl., fr., Crueger s.n. (holotype: K!).</p><p>Subshrubs or shrubs 1.8–2.5 m tall, erect. Branches pubescent, trichomes whitish, fasciculate. Stipules ca. 1 cm long., linear to lanceolate, free, caducous, hirtellous, trichomes simple, fasciculate or multiradiate. Leaves with petioles 2–5.5 cm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to branches; lamina 5–15.5 × 4–13.5 cm, membranaceous, green discolour, cordiform or cordiform-lanceolate, base cordate, apex short to long acuminate, margin entire to undulate; adaxial surface puberulous to velutinous, trichomes hyaline or whitish, simple, glandular, fasciculate and multiradiate, abaxial surface whitish, velutinous, trichomes fasciculate, frequently multiradiate-stipitate; frequently 2 or 3 leaves reduced on the distal nodes, frequently to the inflorescence, 1–1.5 × 1.2–1.3 cm, cordate-lanceolate, indumentum and trichomes similar to those on the lamina. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, cylindrical, congested; coflorescences double-racemes, 20–25 cm long; acessory axis reduced 2(3) flowers; anthopodium 1–1.1 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 8–9 mm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium ca. 1 cm long.; calyx 6–7 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruitfication, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, abaxial surface hirsutellous, trichomes simple; corolla ca. 1 cm diam, white to beige, with dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, filaments 2–3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 4 mm long. Schizocarp 0.7–0.8 (-1) cm diam; 4–5 mericarps, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, spines ca. 1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, puberolous, trichomes simple and glandular, few fasciculate; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, puberulous, trichomes simple, all surface, hilum hirsutullous, trichomes simple. (Figs. 5j–l).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Roraima: rio Surumu, November 1909, fl., Ule 8419 (K) . Ceará: 1919, fl., Rocha 34 (SP); Serra de Merusco, 9 July 1957, fl., fr., Fernandes s.n. (RBR) ; without date, fl., fr., Allemão &amp; Cysneiros 115 (R). Rio Grande do Norte: Portoalegre, 5 November 1984, fl., fr., Pinto et al. 280 (CTES, RB) . Paraíba: Alagoinha, 9 March 1935, fr., Xavier 327 (RB, RBR) ; March 1940, fl., fr., Deslandes s.n. (SP 43520) . Pernambuco: Gravatá, km 96, 3 February 1981, fl., fr., Krapovickas et al. 38021 (CTES) ; Maraial, Engenho Curtume, 25 August 1996, fl., fr., Siqueira-Filho &amp; Baracho 90 (UFP) ; Serra Talhada, 9 August 1996, fr., Baracho &amp; Siqueira-Filho 26 (UFP) . Sergipe: Serra Manoinha, 25 July 1964, fr., Castellanos &amp; Duarte 498 (CTES, HBR) . Bahia: Castro Alves, 27 July 1964, fl., Santos &amp; Sacco 1962 (R) ; Cruz das Almas, 1956, fr., Monteiro s. n. (RBR); Itapetinga / Itororó, 19 April 1978, fl., fr., Mattos Silva 168 (CEPEC, CTES) ; Jacobina, 25 August 1980, fr., Orlandi 225 (RB) ; 8 km de Mingaba, 1 September 1981, fl., fr., Orlandi 489 (RB); Juazeiro, 6 August 1967, fl., fr., Krapovickas 12899 (CTES) ; Mucugê, entre a BA-142 e o início da BA-245, 24 September 2005, fl., fr., Bovini 2505 (RB) ; Oliveira dos Brejinhos, 15 April 1999, fl., Amorim et al. 2862 (CEPEC, SP); Porto Seguro, 21 March 1974, fl., fr., Harley 17259 (CTES, K, RB) ; Rio de Contas, 26 September 2005, fr., Bovini et al. 2515 (RB) . Goiás: Alvorada do Norte, 24 April 1961, fr., Gregory et al. 10440 (CTES, LIL) ; Manuel Cairea, without date, fr., Pohl 1307 (K) ; Monte Alegre de Goiás, 12 April 2000, bt, fl., Silva et al. 4377 (IBGE, SP) . Minas Gerais: Arcos, May 2005, fl., fr., Borges &amp; Bernardo 253 (RB) ; Belo Horizonte, Jardim Botânico, 22 March 1934, fl., Barreto 8032 (BHCB) ; Campanário, 27 September 2005, fr., Bovini et al. 2525 (RB) ; Canaã, Cachoeira Grande, 10 August 1986, fl., fr., Vieira et al. 436 (VIC) ; Grão-Mongol, 300- 700 m.s.m., 10 May 1979, fl., fr., Martinelli 5866 (RB) ; Marliéria, PERD, 26 October 2006, Bovini et al. 2646 (RB) ; Paraopeba, Estação Florestal de Experimentação (EFLEX), 14 April 2001, fl., fr., Valente et al. 704 (VIC) ; Pedra Azul, 28 May 1999, fl., fr., Salino &amp; Moraes 4714 (BHCB, CTES) ; Pirapora, 3 April 1992, fl., fr., Hatschbach &amp; Barbosa 56467 (CTES, K, MBM) ; Santa Bárbara, 4 May 1892, fl., Glaziou 18884 (CTES, P, R) ; São Sebastião do Paraíso, 24 April 1945, fl., fr., Mello Filho et al. 288 (R) ; Viçosa, campus da Universidade, 3 March 1997, fl., fr., Bovini et al. 1156 (RUSU, VIC) ; Visconde do Rio Branco, 23 February 1979, fl., fr., Almeida et al. 45 (VIC) . Espírito do Santo: Guarapari, 24 January 1964, fl., fr., Hoehne 5528 (CTES, SP) ; Mimoso do Sul, 1 April 2001, fl., fr., Pereira 31/ 84 (RFA, RUSU) ; Rio Bananal, 20 February 1994, fl., fr., Kallunki et al. 594 (NY, SPF) ; Vitória, 5 September 1984, fr., Varejão s.n. (VIES) . Rio de Janeiro: environs of Rio de Janeiro, February 1882, fr., Glaziou 12450 (K) ; Bom Jesus de Itabapoãna, 16 October 1982, fr., Rizzini &amp; Széchy 249 (GUA, RFA) ; Búzios, 11 January 2002, fr., Reis et al. 331 (RB) ; Cabo Frio, 19 January 1967, fr., Sucre 1392 (CTES, RB) ; Campos, April 1942, fl., Sampaio 9014 (SP) ; Itaguaí, UFRRJ, 4 May 2006, fl., fr., Bovini &amp; Germano 2566 (RB) ; Macaé, distrito de Atalaia, 18 October 2005, fl., fr., Bovini &amp; Rodrigues 2529 (RB) ; Muriqui pequeno, R.E.Darcy Ribeiro, 18 Juny 2003, fr., Barros et al. 1990 (FFP) ; Niterói, Jurujuba, 12 April 1941, fl., fr., Brade 16771 (RB, RBR) ; Petrópolis, August, fr., Góes &amp; Dionísio 828 (RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Pedra de Guaratiba, 21 April 1975, fl., fr., Peixoto 492 (RB) ; Queimados, rod. Pres. Dutra, 16 May 1951, fr., Monteiro 3086 (RB, RBR) ; Saquarema, 20 June 1995, fl., fr., Lira Neto 68 (RUSU) . São Paulo: Bananal, 27 July 1994, fl., Barreto et al. 2359 (SP) ; Campinas, 25 September 1939, fr., Viegas et al. s.n. (SP 44129) ; Cunha, 18 May 1959, fr., Silva 12 (HB) ; Piracicaba, próximo a Escola, 20 April 1961, fl., fr., Duarte 5553 (RB) ; Ribeirão Preto, 31 March 1939, fl., fr., Gomes s.n. (SP 41966) ; São Roque, 24 April 1995, fr., Bernacci 1438 (IAC, SP). Without locality and date, Burchell 1033 (K) .</p><p>Etymology — The epithet contracta is an allusion to the reduced inflorescence.</p><p>Distribution— It occurs in Mexico, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil. In Brazil, it is found in the States of Roraima and Goiás and in the coastal states of the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country. It is the species with the broadest distribution in south-eastern Brazil, and it is the best represented species of the genus in herbaria of this region. There is a single record (Ule 8419) for the State of Roraima, indicating a disjunction in the distribution of this species in Brazil, as Roraima is part of a continuous range that comprises the Antilles and Venezuela.</p><p>Note— Wissadula contracta prefers extremely disturbed areas, such as road margins, trails, and rural areas, which could explain the lack of sampling in states such as Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, and Maranhão.</p><p>This species is identified through its cordate to cordate-lanceolate leaves, 2 to 3 reduced leaves on the distal region of the branches, cylindrical congested inflorescences with a reduced main axis, white to beige corolla and a mericarp of inconspicuous constriction. In the vouchers Xavier 327 and Krapovickas 12899, from northeastern Brazil, the fruits are remarkably large (ca. 10 mm in diameter), which is a rare characteristic for this species.</p><p>Madagascar was recorded as the origin for the type specimen (Schomburgk 849). However, according to Fryxell (1988), only the seeds came from this country, and they were germinated and cultivated at the Berlin Botanical Gardens, where sampling of the type specimen was performed, and the voucher was deposited in B. The original description of W. contracta shows a weak depiction with lack of consistent characteristics when compared with the descriptions of accepted synonyms. However, analysis of the type specimens and arguments presented by Waalkes (1966) and Fries (1908) made it possible to confirm the synonymy for this species. A neotype was chosen by Fryxell (2002) for W. contracta as a consequence of the destruction of the holotype and absence of extant isotypes. The chosen specimen is well preserved and it is, is consistent with the original description, and it has duplicates.</p><p>The origin of this species in the Old World is inaccurate. When Hochreutiner (1955) described the Madagascar flora, he did not include W. contracta . However, other floras of the Old World, such as those from Java (Backer 1963) and Malaysia (Waalkes 1966), mentioned the cultivation of this species in the region for fiber production. In the flora of India (Sivarajan &amp; Pradeep 1996), W. contracta was also not mentioned. Fries (1908) made a comment on Master’s observation (1874): “…cultivated in India and in Ceylon; it’s native country is not known….” De Candolle (1824) affirmed that one of its synonyms, W. lechenaultiana, was cultivated in the Garden of Lechenault, Calcutta. In American floras, such as those of Mexico (Fryxell 1988), Guatemala (Standley and Steyermark 1949), Argentina (Krapovickas 1997), and Brazil (Bovini 2012), this species is cited as spontaneously occurring in several regions. Therefore, we suspect that the material for the type specimen collected in Madagascar was from an individual introduced into that country, and in fact, it could have come from America, where it is widely distributed.</p><p>When Schumann (1891) described W. hernandioides, he observed three specimens that correspond to W. contracta within the material including Schomburgk 849, Pohl 1307, and Glaziou 12450, but the types of indumentum, inflorescence and color of the flowers distinguish these species from each other.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF9EE2594EC1FD9D3C07FEBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF80E2594EC1FEFD38FAFB76.text	03E487F9FF80E2594EC1FEFD38FAFB76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula cuspidata (R. E. Fr.) Bovini 2009	<div><p>6. Wissadula cuspidata (R. E. Fr.) Bovini (2009: 17) .</p><p>Wissadula patens (A.St.-Hil.) Garcke subsp. c uspidata R.E.Fr. (1908: 43). Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, 28 June 1902, fl., A. Robert 341 (lectotype: BM!, RB, photo!, designated by Bovini 2009).</p><p>Shrubs 1–2 m tall, erects. Branches pubescent, trichomes hyaline, minutely glandular, ferrugineous, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, caducous. Stipules ca. 0.5 cm long., linear to lanceolate, apex long acuminate, free, caducous. Leaves with petioles ca. 6 cm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to that of the branches; lamina 2–12.5 × 1.5–6 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolour, lanceolate to ovate, base attenuate, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire; adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes whitish, fasciculate and multiradiate-stipitate, and venation conspicuous. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-racemes, 20–25 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 1.7–2 cm long, pubescent, trichomes ferrugineous and hyaline, fasciculate. Flowers with pedicels 9–10 mm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium; calyx 3–4 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, ferrugineous and hyaline, abaxial surface puberulous, few trichomes simple, long; corolla 0.8– 0.9 cm diam, beige, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 2 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5-celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 0.8–0.9 cm diam; 4–5 mericarps, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriction conspicuous, puberulous, trichomes glandular; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum pubescent, trichomes simple, short. Figures 6a–c.</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Aripuanã, Dardanelos, 15 June 1974, fl., M. R. Cordeiro 69 (CTES, IAN).</p><p>Etymology— The epithet cuspidata is an allusion to the shape of the cuspidate leaf apex.</p><p>Distribution — It occurs in Brazil and is endemic to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.</p><p>Note— Wissadula cuspidata is characterized mainly by leaves with glabrous adaxial surface, acute to cuspidate apex, and attenuate base. Its corolla also has a smaller diameter (8–9 mm) than that of the most similar species, W. excelsior .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF80E2594EC1FEFD38FAFB76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF80E25B4EC1FB313AA7FE46.text	03E487F9FF80E25B4EC1FB313AA7FE46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula decora S. Moore 1895	<div><p>7. Wissadula decora S. Moore (1895: 312) .</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, juxta ao Paraguai, 1891, fl., S. Moore 1061 (holotype: BM!, RB, photo!).</p><p>Subshrubs or shrubs 1–2 m tall, erects. Branches canescent, trichomes hyaline, glandular and fasciculate. Stipules 0.5– 0.6 cm long., linear, free, caducous, pubescent, trichomes glandular and fasciculate. Leaves with petioles 0.6–2.5 cm long, canescent, trichomes glandular and fasciculate; lamina 1.7–6 × 1.5–3.5 cm, membranaceous, green discolour, base cordate, apex acuminate, acute or cuspidate, margin serrate; adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes hyaline, glandular, fasciculate and multiradiate, rare trichomes simple; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, glandular, fasciculate and multiradiate-stipitate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-raceme, 6–10 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 0.9–1 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, rare glandular. Flowers with pedicel 7–9 mm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium; calyx 4.8–5 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, few accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, abaxial surface puberulous; corolla 1–1.1 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 3–4-celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mm long. Schizocarp 1–1.1 cm diam; 3–4 mericarps, 0.9–1× 0.4–0.5 cm, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriccion inconspicuous, pubescent, trichomes glandular and fasciculate; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum tomentose, trichomes simple, long. (Figs. 6d–f).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: margem da Lagoa Gaíba, 16 September 1908, fl., fr., J. C. Diogo 297 (R); Pantanal do Rio Negro, fl., fr., 14 September 1987, B. Dubs 354 (MBM) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet decora came from the Latin word decorus (elegant), possibly referring to the elegant appearance of the plant.</p><p>Distribution— It occurs in Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil, where is found only in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.</p><p>Note— Wissadula decora is easily identified by its delicate, small leaves and fruits with 3 to 4 mericarps, which were described for the first time in this study. This species is closely related to W. gymnanthemum (Griseb.) K.Schum. a species endemic to Argentina, which differs in the large size of its flowers (ca. 1.4 cm diam), indumentum, and a remarkably serrate leaf margin.</p><p>The herbarium specimen with type material for W. decora (BM) consists of two samples: the type specimen and parts of the collection of F.C. Hoehne 3015 from Corumbá, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, which corresponds to W. boliviana (entire leaf margin and flowers with ca. 1 cm diam). Wissadula decora has a serrate leaf margin and flowers with smaller diameter than W. boliviana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF80E25B4EC1FB313AA7FE46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF82E25B4EC1FDE138FDFA56.text	03E487F9FF82E25B4EC1FDE138FDFA56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula delicata Bovini 2010	<div><p>8. Wissadula delicata Bovini (2010: 435) . Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul, Ladário, 8 September 1984, fl., C. A. Conceição 1569 (holotype: RB!, isotype: CTES!).</p><p>Shrubs ca. 1 m tall, erect (?). Branches pubescent, trichomes fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, caducous. Stipules ca. 1 cm long, linear, free, caducous, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate, ferrugineous. Leaves with petioles 0.5–2 cm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to that of theto branches; lamina 1.5–3.5 × 0.7–1.7 cm, membranaceous, green discolor, deltoid, rare sub-cordiform, base truncate to subcordate, apex rounded, rare acute, margin entire, sometimes also serrate; adaxial surface puberulous, trichomes simple, glandular and fasciculate; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes whitish, fasciculate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-raceme, 4–6 cm long; anthopodium ca. 2 cm long, tomentose, trichomes glandular and fasciculate; 2 bracts, persistent, linears, ca. 1 mm long, trichomes simple and glandular. Flowers with pedicel ca. 8 mm long, indumentum and trichomes like the anthopodium; calyx ca. 5 mm long sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, little accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface villous, trichomes simple, long; abaxial surface pubescent; corolla ca. 2 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with trichomes simple, hyaline, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 4 mm long. Schizocarp ca. 1 cm diam; 4 mericarps, 8–9 × 3–4 mm, spines ca. 1 mm long, constriction conspicuous, puberulous, trichomes hyaline, fasciculate; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum lanose, trichomes simple, long.</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, margem do Paraguai, 1 October 1953, fl., E. Pereira et al. 147 (RB) ; morro da região do Castelo, 17 October 2002, fr., I. M. Bortolotto et al. 1117 (COR, CTES) .</p><p>Etymology— the epithet delicata is an allusion to the delicate life form of the species.</p><p>Distribution— The species is endemic to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.</p><p>Note— Wissadula delicata differs from other species, in particular, those occurring in the Pantanal, by the small, deltoid, rarely subcordate leaves, with an entire or serrate margin, and corolla with ca. 2 cm of diameter, which is considered large for the genus. It is closely related to W. paraguariensis, which is distinguished by the presence of a purplish tint on the corolla’s center, fasciculate trichomes on fusion of the carpels, and the distal region of the mericarp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF82E25B4EC1FDE138FDFA56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF82E25A4EC1F9D13A83F9C6.text	03E487F9FF82E25A4EC1F9D13A83F9C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl 1835	<div><p>9. Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl (1835: 118) . Sida excelsior Cav. (1785: 27) . Abutilon excelsior (Cav.) G. Don (1831: 500) . Type:— PERU. 1857, fl., fr., A. Jussieu s.n. (Lectotype: P-Ju nº 12310!, designated by Fryxell 1988).</p><p>Abutilon patens A. St. -Hil. (1827: 200). Sida patens (A. St.-Hil.) Dietr. (1847: 851). Wissadula patens (A.St.-Hil.) Garcke (1890: 123). Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Fazenda Padre Manoel, without date, fl., fr., A. St.-Hilaire s.n. (lectotype: P!, designated by Fryxell 2002; isotype: F n° 9305, photo!).</p><p>Wissadula rufescens Turczaninow (1858: 202) . Type:— MÉXICO. Veracruz, Mirador, 1838, fr., L. Linden 1377 (holotype: KW; isotype: K!).</p><p>Sida calophylla Poepp. ex Schum. (1892: 444), pro. syn.</p><p>Shrubs to treelets, 1–3.5 m tall, erects. Branches frequently spreading, whitish, flocose, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate, fasciculate-stipitate. Stipules ca. 0.9–1 cm long., lanceolate, free, caducous, hirsutullous to hirtellous, trichomes simple, glandular, rare fasciculate. Leaves with petioles 0.5–6 cm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to that of the branches; lamina 6–17 × 3–9.5 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolor, lanceolate to deltoid, base truncate to rounded or sub-cordate, apex acuminate or cuspidate, margin entire; adaxial surface hispid, trichomes whitish, simple and glandular, rarely multiradiate; abaxial surface tomentose, trichomes along the veins, ferrugineous, multiradiate whitish and multiradiate-stipitate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescences double-raceme, 25–30 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 1.5–1.8 cm long, tomentose, trichomes similar to that of the branches. Flowers with pedicel 10–12 mm long, puberulous, trichomes similar to that of the branches; calyx 4–5 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion from the apex to the middle portion, little accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface tomentose, trichomes similar to that of the branches, and frequently multiradiate-stipitate; abaxial surface pubescent, trichomes simple and fasciculate; corolla ca. 1.2 cm diam, white to beige, with yellow center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 5–7-celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp ca. 1.1 cm diam; 5–7 mericarps, 8–9 × 4–5 mm, with large apical, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriction conspicuous, tomentose, trichomes simple, glandular; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum tomentose, trichomes simple. (Figs. 6g –i).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Boa Vista do Ramos, 28 August 1923, fr., J. G. Kuhlmann 190 (RB, RBR) ; Borba, 27 June 1983, fl., fr., S. R. Hill et al. 12856 (INPA) ; Humaitá, 12 September 1975, fl., fr., L. M. Silva 21 &amp; H. F. Filho (INPA) ; Manaus, Autaz-Mirim, 25 June 1973, fl., fr., A. Loureiro et al. s.n. (INPA) ; São Paulo de Olivença, 20 June 1971, fl., fr., G. T. Prance 14433 (INPA, R) . Roraima: arredores da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, 08 February 1979, fr., N. A. Rosa 3108 (MG, NY) . Pará: Altamira, 29August 1986, fl., fr., A. T. G. Dias 120 (MG) ; Ilha de Marajó, Fazenda Ribanceira, 17 November 1969, fr., E. Oliveira 5094 (IAN). Rondônia: Costa Marques, Chapada dos Parecis, 16 June 1984, fl., fr., C. A. Cid et al. 4596 (INPA, RB) ; Pimenta Bueno, 19 June 1984, fl., fr., C. A. Cid et al. 4641 (INPA) ; Rio Guaporé, ponta das Pedras Negras, 18 June 1952, fl., fr., G. A. Black &amp; E. Cordeiro 52-15109 (CTES, IAN) ; Santa Cruz, 29 June 1965, fl., fr., J. M. Pires &amp; R. T. Martin 9996 (CTES, IAN, RBR) ; Serra dos Três Irmãos, 05 July 1968, fr., G. T. Prance et al. 5644 (MG, NY, R) . Maranhão: Buriticupu, Reserva Florestal do Rio Doce, 29 August 1991, fr., M. R. Cordeiro 2125 (IAN) . Piauí: Bom Jardim, 07 July 1912, fl., fr., Lützelburg 1319 (RB) . Ceará: Guaramiranga, September 1857, fl., fr., J. Huber s.n. (MG 259?) . Bahia: Canavieiras, km 2 do ramal que liga a Faz. Cubículo à Canavieiras, 12 July 1978, fl., fr., T. S. Santos &amp; L. A. Mattos Silva 3251 (CEPEC, CTES, RB) . Mato Grosso: Aripuanã, 12 July 1974, fr., N. A. Rosa 83 (CTES, IAN) ; Barão do Melgaço, Formigueiro, June 1918, fl., fr., J. G. Kuhlmann 2138 (R, RB, SP) ; Juína, Buriti-Juína, 12 July 1985, fr., M. Macedo &amp; S. Assumpção 1874 (INPA) ; Vila Bela de Sma. Trindade, 17 July 1997, fr., G. Hatschbach 66976 (CTES, MBM) ; without locality, morrinho do Lyra, May 1918, fl., fr., J. G. Kuhlmann 2135 (R) . Goiás: 75 km of Aragarças, 700 m. s.m., 24 June 1966, fl., fr., H. S. Irwin et al. 17721 (CTES, IAN, NY) ; Goiânia, margens do rio João Leite, 07 June 1968, fr., J. A. Rizzo &amp; A. Barbosa 1370 (CTES, UFG) . Minas Gerais: Tombos, 05 July 1935, fr., M. Barreto 1401 (BHCB, R) . Rio de Janeiro: Itaguaí, Seropédica, 24 November 1949, fl., fr., H. Monteiro 2696 (RBR) ; Nova Friburgo, 12 April 1895, fr., E. H. Ule 3629 (R) ; Rio de Janeiro, arboreto do Jardim Botânico, 07 June 2005, fr., M. G. Bovini 2479 (RB) . São Paulo: Pirassununga, August 1960, fr., H. Monteiro s.n. (RBR 18396) ; Promissão, 19 June 1939, fl., fr., G. Hashimoto 126 (SP). Without locality and date, fr., C. F. P. Martius 1009 (BM) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet excelsior came from the Latin word excelsus (= high) and refers to the height of the treelet.</p><p>Distribution— It is found in Mexico, the West Indies, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. In Brazil, it is widely distributed, except in the southern region.</p><p>Note— Wissadula excelsior is easily identified by its large size (ca. 3.5 m tall), probably the tallest species within the genus, branches frequently spreading, large green shiny leaves, floccose indumentum of the branches and petioles, and schizocarps with apically wide mericarps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF82E25A4EC1F9D13A83F9C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF83E25D4EC1F9613A5EF97E.text	03E487F9FF83E25D4EC1F9613A5EF97E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula glechomifolia	<div><p>10. Wissadula glechomifolia (A.St.-Hil.) R.E.Fr. (1908: 79). Abutilon glechomaefolium A.St. -Hil. (1827: 198). Type:— URUGUAY. Campos cisplatinos, Voyage 1816–1821, fl., St. -Hilaire 2435 (holotype: P!, RB, photo!).</p><p>Subshrubs creeping. Branches puberulous, trichomes whitish, simple, long and fasciculate-stipitate. Stipules 0.7–0.9 cm long, linear to lanceolate, free, caducous, sometimes epipetiolar, trichomes simple, long and fasciculate, frequently in the base. Leaves with petioles 0.5–2 cm long, puberulous, trichomes equal to branches; lamina 1.5–2.5 × 1–2.3 cm, membranaceous, green discolour, cordiform-orbiculate or lanceolate to deltoid, base cordate, apex acute, margin crenate; adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes simple, long; abaxial surface hirsute, trichomes glandular, fasciculate and multiradiate. Synflorescence at reduced raceme, branches constituted of triads and dyads; anthopodium 2.8–3 cm long, puberulous, trichomes glandular and rarely fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 20–22 mm long, pubescent, trichomes glandular, fasciculate, and multiradiate-stipitate, rarely simple, long; calyx 5.9–6 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, accrescent in fruit, hyaline or ferrugineous, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes glandular and multiradiate-stipitate; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 1.3–1.5 (–2) cm diam, white, with yellow center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 3–5-celled, 2–3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 1.3–1.5 cm diam, 3–4(–5) mericarps, 10–12 × 5–6 mm, spines ca. 2 mm long, very inflated in portion distal, constriction inconspicuous, puberulous, trichomes glandular; seeds 2–3, ca. 3 mm long, hilum puberulous, trichomes simple. (Figs. 6j–l).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Alegrete, 19 January 1973, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas 22764 (CTES) ; Arroio dos Ratos, 28 August 1981, fl., D. B. Falkenberg 149 (FLOR) ; Canguçu, 01 December 1988, fl., J. A. Jarenkow 1055 (ICN, FLOR, MBM, PEL) ; Cerro Grande do Sul, 28 September 1997, fl., J. A. Jarenkow 3545 (MBM, PEL); Encruzilhada, Passo do Branquilho, 16 November 1978, fl., J. Mattos &amp; N. Mattos 1988 (HAS) ; Encruzilhada do Sul, Amaral Ferrador, 23 September 1985, fl., D. B. Falkenberg 3161 (MBM) ; Guaíba, fazenda São Maximiano, 03 November 2006, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini &amp; N. Matzenbacker 2649 (RB) ; Estação Experimental Agronômica da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, 19 September 1986, fl., N. Silveira 4267 (HAS) ; serra do sudeste, 02 November 1990, fl., C. Schlindwein 686 (UFP, MPUC); Osório, 18 October 1980, fl., fr., J. Mattos 21518 (CTES) ; Passo do Ricardo, 04 November 1961, fl., E. Pereira &amp; G. Pabst 6783 (CTES, RB) ; Pelotas, fazenda Capão Redondo, 29 August 1980, fl., J. Mattos et al. 2262 (HAS) ; Porto Alegre; morro da Polícia, 28 August 1940, fl., Irmão Augusto s.n. (ICN 18763) ; Vila Conceição, April 1953, fl., J. Vidal 138 (R) ; Piratini, Serra das Asperesas, 10 December 1989, fl., fr., J. A. Jarenkow 1519 (FLOR) ; Viamão, 02 November 1949, fr., B. Rambo 44201 (CTES, LIL) ; without locality, 31 December 1897, fl., F. Reinecke 74 (MG) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet glechomifolia refers to the similarity between the leaves of this species and those of the genus Glechoma (Labiatae) .</p><p>Distribution— It occurs in Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil. In Brazil, it is restricted to the State of Rio Grande do Sul.</p><p>Note— This species is the only member of the genus thus far that has a creeping subshrub life form.The development of the W. glechomiifolia branches occurs parallel to the soil a few centimeters above the ground, but slightly erect branches also grow from a small distal portion close to the flowers. Wissadula glechomiifolia is the easiest species to identify within the genus based on its particular habit, which does not resemble any other species in Brazil. In addition, the small cordate-orbicular leaves, large diameter of the corolla (1.3–2.0 cm), reduced number of carpels (3–5), and restricted geographic distribution of the species also facilitates species identification.</p><p>It is important to emphasize that the corolla of W. glechomifolia is white with a slightly yellow central tint. This characteristic was observed in wild individuals and herbarium material. However, in the original description (Saint -Hilaire 1827), the corolla is described as yellow; this characteristic may have been unnoticed by the author in the material observed.</p><p>Fries (1908) included this species in Wissadula based on the bent carpels at the apex and named it W.glechomatifolium without justifying the alteration in the spelling of the specific epithet. It is believed that Fries was trying to follow Latin grammatical rules. Nevertheless, based on the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012), Article 60.8 and Saint Hilaire’s (1827) original work, the correct Latin spelling was adopted for the epithet W. glechomifolia .</p><p>This species frequently exhibits three mericarps, which is a reduced number for the genus, but it may also have four or rarely five mericarps in the same individual. When transferring this species to Wissadula, Fries (1908) noted a strong tendency towards reduction of the number of mericarps in some species of the genus, referring in particular to the section Bastardiastrum proposed by Rose (1899), which was raised to the genus level later by Bates (1978a). No species from that genus occurs in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF83E25D4EC1F9613A5EF97E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF84E25E4EC1F9393D6EF8EE.text	03E487F9FF84E25E4EC1F9393D6EF8EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula hernandioides (L'Her. 1789) Garcke 1890	<div><p>11. Wissadula hernandioides (L’Hér.) Garcke (1890: 124) . Sida hernandioides L’Heritier (1789: 121) . Abutilon hernandioides (L’Hér.) Sweet (1826: 53) . Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Her.) Griseb. (1866: 25) . Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) Hochr. (1902: 29) . Type:—Stirp. nov. 2: 121, tab. 58. 1789 (lectotype, designated by Areces &amp; Fryxell 2007).</p><p>Wissadula mucronulata A.Gray ex Torr. (1859: 39); Abutilon mucronulatum (A.Gray ex Torr.) A. Gray (1862: 175) . Type:— MÉXICO. Tamaulipas, on the Rio Grande below Reynosa, December 1853, fl., fr., Schott 108a (holotype: NY, digital image!) .</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) Hochr f. suborbiculata Chodat &amp; Hassler (1905: 289) . Syn. nov. Type:— PARAGUAY. San Bernardino, June 1885 –1902, E. Hassler 3020 (holotype: G).</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia var. hernandioides (L’Hér.) Hochr f. cordata Chodat &amp; Hassler (1905: 289) . Syn. nov. Type:— PARAGUAY. Dumeto in regione cursus superioris fluminis Apa, November 1885 –1902, E. Hassler 7915 (holotype: G).</p><p>Wissadula subpeltata (O. Kuntze) R. E. Fr., Kungl. (1908: 56) . Abutilon amplissimum var. subpeltata O. Kuntze (1898: 17) . Syn. nov. Type:— BOLÍVIA. Tunarigebirge, 1300 m, without date, fl., fr., O. Kuntze s.n. (lectotype: NY!, designated here; isolectotypes: US!, RB, photo!).</p><p>Sida racemosa Vell. (1827/1831:278), non Burm.f.</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 1–2.5 m tall, erect. Branches pubescent, trichomes simple and fasciculate, both minute, in apical portion sometimes ferrugineous, occasional fasciculate-stipitate and multiradiate-stipitate. Stipules 0.9–1 cm long., long - lanceolate, free, caducous, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate. Leaves with petiole 2–10 cm long, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate, minute and fasciculate-stipitate; lamina 3–15 × 2.2–10 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolor, cordiforme, base cordate or subcordate, rarely with imbricate lobes, apex acute, acuminate or cuspidate, margin entire to undulate; abaxial surface tomentose to velutinous, trichomes hyaline, simple, glandular and fasciculate; adaxial surface velutine, trichomes hyaline, fasciculate and multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-raceme, 25–35 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 2.5–3 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, simple and sparsely fasciculate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 10–12 mm long, indument and trichomes similar those of the to anthopodium; calyx 2–3 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, rarely fasciculate-stipitate; abaxial surface sericeous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 1–1.2 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes, hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 2 mm long, rarely trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5–celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 0.8–0.9 cm diam, 4(–5) mericarps, 8–9 × 3–4 mm, spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, glabrescent to puberulous, trichomes glandular; seeds 3, &lt;2 mm long, hilum puberolous, trichomes simple (Figs. 7a–c).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Roraima: Boa Vista, August 1931, fl., fr., H. Monteiro 09 (IAN) . Pará: Óbidos, January 1921, fl., fr., without collector (RB). Santarém, May 1850, fl., fr., R. Spruce s.n. (K, MG) . Bahia: Correntina, 08 April 2005, fl., E. B. Miranda et al. 712 (CTES, HUEFS) . Mato Grosso: Cáceres, 05 May 1995, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 62305 (CTES, MBM) ; Paconé, Rodovia Transpantaneira, 28 September 1993, fl., fr., A. L. do Prado 2242 (UEC) ; Vila Bela, 05 May 1983, fl., fr., L. Carreira et al. 828 (IAN, MG) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Anastácio, 11 February 1993, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 58917 (CTES, MBM) ; Aquidauana, 06 November 2007, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2662 (RB) ; Bela Vista, 16 February 1994, fl., fr., M. Pedersen 16060 (CTES) ; Campo Grande, 19 May 1986, fl., R. L. Arakaki 02 (CGMS) ; Parque Estadual do Prosa, 28 September 2002, fl., fr., L. C. Rodrigues 19 (CGMS) ; Caracol, 12 March 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach 77042 (CTES, MBM) ; Miranda, 17 March 2003, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 74831 (MBM, SPF) ; Rio Correntes, May 1911, fl., fr., F. C. Hoehne 14273 (SP) ; ligação rodoviária entre a rod. BR-262 a Nabileque, 21 March 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach 77335b (MBM) . Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, 16 March 1942, fl., fr., M. Magalhães 3325 (BHBC) ; Carmópolis de Minas, 02 November 2003, fr., L. Echternacht &amp; T. Dornas 113 (BHCB, RB) ; Coronel Pacheco, 15 April 1941, fl., fr., E. P. Heringer 595 (RB) ; Engenheiro Dolabela (?), Granjas Reunidas, 03 May 1963, fl., fr., A. P. Duarte 7822 (RB) ; Guaxupé, 24 April 1976, fl., fr., P. Gibbs et al. 1979 (UEC) ; Ipatinga, 30 April 1990, fl., C. P. Guerra 4 (BHCB, CTES) ; Lagoa Santa, 27 March 1982, fl., R. P. Martins 8456 (BHCB) ; Marliéria, PERD, 24 October 2007, fl., fr., M.G.Bovini et al. 2620 (RB) ; Paraopeba, 18 April 1958, fl., E. P. Heringer 6390 (CTES, UB) ; Pedro Leopoldo, 14 April 1969, fl., fr., A. P. Duarte 11451 (CTES) ; Lapa Vermelha, 09 May 1977, fl., fr., J. M. Ferrari 273 (BHCB) ; Pitangui, March 1934, fl., fr., O. Prates 09 (RBR) ; Sabará, July 1983, fl., fr., C. C. Ferreira 53 (BHBC) ; Santa Luzia, Piteiras, 01 May 1934, fl., fr., M. Barreto 8036 (BHBC, CTES, R) ; São Sebastião do Paraíso, 24 April 1945, fl., fr., L. E. Mello-Filho et al. 285 (R) ; Sete Lagoas, 05 April 1934, fl., fr., I. Barçante 370 (RB, RBR) ; Viçosa, campus da UFV, 18 August 1992, fl., A. F. Carvalho 113 (RB, VIC) . Rio de Janeiro: Duque de Caxias, 26 May 1979, fl., fr., C. R. Campelo &amp; R. C. B. Ramalho 801 (RB, RBR) ; Itaguaí, 13 August 1952, fr., H. Monteiro 3720 (RB, RBR) ; Magé, Barão do Iriri, 14 November 2007, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2682 (RB) ; Nova Iguaçu, 30 August 1978, fr., C. R. Campelo &amp; A. B. Campelo 648 (RB, RBR) ; Rio das Ostras, Reserva Biológica União, 31 March 2000, fl., fr., J. M. A. Braga 5846 (RB) ; Santo Antônio de Pádua, estrada para Ibitiguaçu, 28 April 1981, fl., fr., J. P. P. Carauta 3756 (GUA) ; Sapucaia, Fazenda Selo Verde, 07 May 2000, fl., fr., F. B. Pereira 21/11 (RFA) ; Paraty, estrada para o rio dos Meros, 17 December 2007, fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2688 (RB) ; Seropédica, UFRRJ, 04 May 2006, fl., fr., M. G. Bovini &amp; P. Germano 2567 (RB) ; Vassouras, a margem da estrada, 22 May 1952, fr., H. Monteiro 3605 (RBR) . São Paulo: Boa Esperança do Sul, 29 April 1955, fl., fr., M. Kuhlmann 3638 (SP) ; Bofete, fazenda 8 pontos, 24 April 1971, fl., fr., I. Gottsberger et al. 133 (CTES) ; Campinas, Unicamp, 05 April 1977, fl., fr., V. Carnielli et al. s. n. (MBM 54788) ; Jaboticabal, 03 April 1961, fl., fr., W. C. Gregory et al. 10103 (CTES, LIL) ; Limeira, 12 October 1988, fl., fr., N. Tavaglini s.n. (SP 269816) ; Piracicaba, 20 April 1961, fl., fr., A. P. Duarte 5552 (RB) ; Ribeirão Preto, Estação Experimental de Ribeirão Preto, 31 March 1939, fl., fr., A. G. Gomes s.n. (IAN 35987) ; São Carlos, 20 June 1961, fl., fr., G. Eiten et al. 3069 (SP) ; São José do Rio Preto, 11 April 1980, fl., fr., J. R. Coleman 659 (SP) ; São Paulo, Apa do Iguatemi, 02 May 1996, fl., G. M. Ferreira et al. 84 (SPF) ; São Roque, Estação Experimental do IAC, 24 April 1995, fl., L. C. Bernacci et al. 1437 (RB, SP) ; Valinhos, 20 February 1976, fl., fr., H. F. Leitão Filho &amp; J. Semir 1804 (UEC) ; Without locality, Fazenda Sta. Elisa, 19 April 1994, fl., S. L. Jung-Mendaçolli et al. 94 (UEC) ; Without locality, Chácara Valinhos, 01 April 2002, fl., fr., A. C. Siani s.n. (RB 444259) . Paraná: Foz do Iguaçu, 11 April 1980, fr., E. Buttura 517 (CTES, MBM) ; Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde, 30 July 1998, fl., fr., J. Carneiro 552 (MBM) . Rio Grande do Sul: Gravataí, 28 April 1985, fl., fr., D. B. Falkenberg 2436 (FLOR) ; Maquiné, Estação Experimental Fitotécnica, 30 March 1979, fl., fr., J. Mattos &amp; N. Silveira 24849 (CTES, HAS) ; Osório, 07 May 1976, fl., fr., L. Amaral s.n. (HAS 39543). Pareci, 07 July 1949, fl., fr., B. Rambo 42479 (CTES, LIL) ; São Leopoldo, April 1941, fl., fr., J. Eugenio 234 (RBR, SP) ; Sapucaia do Sul, “ Estação Guianuba ”, 17 March 1949, fl., fr., B. Rambo 40546 (ICN, LIL, MBM) ; Tenente Portela, Parque do Turvo, 1982, fl., fr., D. B. Falkenberg 292 (FLOR) ; Viamão, Morro do Côco, April 1976, fr., A. Backes 461 (HAS) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet hernandioides is probably related to the similarity with the frequently peltate or subpeltate leaves of the genus Hernandia ( Hernandiaceae).</p><p>Distribution— It occurs in the U. S. A., Mexico, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. In Brazil, the species is found in all regions, but it is rare in the northeastern region.</p><p>Note— Wissadula hernandioides is very similar to W. amplissima, but is distinguished by the absence of simple and long trichomes on branches and velutinous indumentum on the adaxial surface of the leaves this species</p><p>Kuntze (1898) proposed Abutilon amplissimum var. subpeltatum based on the overlapping basal leaf lobes and considered Sida hernandioides a synonym. Chodat and Hassler (1885 –1902) examined two collections from Paraguay and proposed W. periplocifolia var. suborbiculata and var. cordata based on the same leaf characteristic described above. Fries (1908), after analyzing both collections, accepted A. amplissimum var. subpeltatum and reported a characteristic that was not observed before for the taxon: the presence of short, erect and oblique bristles on the pedicel and calyx. Based on these characteristics, Fries (1908) established W. subpeltata, considering the varieties proposed by Chodat and Hassler (1885 –1902) as synonyms.</p><p>Based on the type material of W. subpeltata (NY and US) and on materials from several localities, we noticed that the presence of lobes on the leaves is not consistent. That is, the same specimen (Hoehne 2994, Eugenio 234) may have leaves with imbricate lobes or not. On the original plate of W. amplissima, the basal leaves have lobes united to one another. In the protologue of Sida hernandioides, this characteristic was already mentioned as “ folia ..., imbricatocordata, ” together with a good illustration to show it.</p><p>The presence of simple, long trichomes is a diagnostic character for W. amplissima, and it is also found in specimens with imbricate lobes at the base of the leaves (Krapovickas 38608, 40195). We noticed that the presence of the bristles (= short, simple and thick trichomes) in the peduncle and calyx, as observed by Fries (1908) and confirmed by A. Krapovickas (pers. comm.), is not a consistent characteristic. We did find specimens with bristles in the region of the inflorescence, but many others did not have them. Moreover, the original description based on the type specimen only considered the leaf lobes to characterize A. amplissimum var. subpeltatum, as the presence of bristles may have raised doubts. Another important question is the geographic distribution of W. subpeltata, which overlaps the geographic distribution of W. amplissima . Based on all these considerations, we propose W. subpeltata as a synonym of W. hernandioides .</p><p>In the protologue of W. hernandioides, the type specimen is originally from Hispaniola (currently Caribbean) and has the initials H. P., which could refer to ‘Hortus parisiensis’ (A. Krapovickas, pers. comm.). However, no material was found in the Paris (P) collection. After consulting Herbarium G, where the type collection was most likely to be, Fryxell (2007a) lectotypified this species, citing L´Héritier’s plate in the protologue (P. Fryxell, pers. comm.).</p><p>Schumann (1891) considered Sida racemosa Vell. as a synonym of W. hernandioides . However, the Vellozo’s species is a nomen nudum, as it was not described. We accepted this as a synonym because the species illustration presented by Vellozo [1827(1831)] shows leaves with a cordate base and an absence of trichomes on branches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF84E25E4EC1F9393D6EF8EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF87E2514EC1F8493ADCFC6A.text	03E487F9FF87E2514EC1F8493ADCFC6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula indivisa R. E. Fr. 1911	<div><p>12. Wissadula indivisa R.E.Fr. (1911: 211) . Type:— PARAGUAY. Inter rio Apa et Aquidaban (22º–23º lat.), Centurion, January 1908 /09, fl., fr., K. Fiebrig 4538 (lectotype: G!, designated here, photo RB!); chosen from syntypes: K. Fiebrig 4058 (CTES!; G!; RB, photo!); K. Fiebrig 4538 (G!).</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 1–2 m tall, erect. Branches tomentose, whitish, trichomes multiradiate to multiradiate-stipitate. Stipules 0.6–0.7 mm long., linear, free, caducous, velutinous, trichomes multiradiate. Leaves with petiole 1–4,5 cm long, velutinous, trichomes multiradiate; lamina 2.5–10 × 2–6 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green-whitish on both surfaces when dry, ovate to cordiform, base subcordate, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire; adaxial surface tomentose, trichomes whitish or ferrugineous, fasciculate and multiradiate, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, subcongested; coflorescence double-raceme, 15–20 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 5–6 mm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 2–3 mm long, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate; calyx 7–8 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, few accrescent in fruit, middle vein evident, adaxial surface velutinous, trichomes fasciculate, abaxial surface hirsutulous, few simple long trichomes; corolla 1.5–1.6 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–6 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mm long. Schizocarp 0.6–0.7 cm diam, 5–6 mericarps, 6–7 × 3–4 mm, spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, tomentose, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate; seeds 3, &lt;2 mm long, hilum glabrate (Figs. 7d–f).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Dourados, 19 July 1977, fl., P. E. Gibbs et al. 5304 (UEC) ; Miranda, fazenda Nova Miranda, 08 June 1987, fl., fr., C. A. Conceição 2089 (CGMS) ; Porto Murtinho, 24 October 1987, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach &amp; J. M. Silva 51645 (MBM) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet indivisa probably refers to the barely divided mericarps, which exhibit only a subtle thin constriction.</p><p>Distribution— The species occurs in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Brazil, it is restricted to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.</p><p>Note— Wissadula indivisa is closely related to W. boliviana and W. macrantha, but it is distinguished by a pale green leaf blade when dry, tomentous indumentum, large and globose flower buds (ca. 7 mm of diameter), and a mericarp with an almost inconspicuous constriction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF87E2514EC1F8493ADCFC6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF88E2514EC1FBCD3B8BF85E.text	03E487F9FF88E2514EC1FBCD3B8BF85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula krapovickasiana Bovini 2010	<div><p>13. Wissadula krapovickasiana Bovini (2010: 437) . Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Jacadigo, Fazenda Coqueiro, 23 October 1988, fl., A. Pott &amp; V. J. Pott 4446 (holotype: CPAP!; isotypes: CTES!; RB, photo!).</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 1–2 m tall, erects. Branches tomentose, whitish, trichomes multiradiate to multiradiate-stipitate. Stipules 0.6–0.7 mm long., linear, free, caducous, velutinous, trichomes multiradiate. Leaves with petiole 1–4,5 cm long, velutinous, trichomes multiradiate; lamina 2.5–10 × 2–6 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green-whitish on both surfaces when dry, ovate to cordiform, base subcordate, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire; adaxial surface tomentose, trichomes whitish or ferrugineous, fasciculate and multiradiate, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, subcongested; coflorescence double-raceme, 15–20 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 5–6 mm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 2–3 mm long, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate; calyx 7–8 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, few accrescent in fruit, middle vein evident, adaxial surface velutinous, trichomes fasciculate, abaxial surface hirsutulous, few simple long trichomes; corolla 1.5–1.6 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–6 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mm long. Schizocarp 0.6–0.7 cm diam, 5–6 mericarps, 6–7 × 3–4 mm, spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, tomentose, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate; seeds 3, &lt;2 mm long, hilum glabrate.</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho, 17 March 1985, fl., G. Hatschbach et al. 49213 (CTES, MBM) ; estrada Bocaiuva 2, 17 April 2005, fl., fr., D. K. Noguehi et al. 258 (CGMS) .</p><p>PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: Palma Chicas, 28 June 1977, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 32784 (CTES). Concepcion: 5 km N de Loreto, 17 December 1983, fl., fr., R. Vanni et al. 384 (CTES). La Cordillera: Ypacari, 26 May 1964, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas &amp; C. L. Cristóbal 11487 (CTES).</p><p>Etymology— A tribute to a specialist in the Malvaceae, Antonio Krapovickas, at the Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina.</p><p>Distribution— It is found in Paraguay and Brazil. In Brazil, it is restricted to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.</p><p>Note— Wissadula krapovickasiana is very similar to W. paraguariensis, but it is mainly distinguished, by the shape of the leaves, larger stipules and tomentose fruit indumentum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF88E2514EC1FBCD3B8BF85E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF89E2504EC1FF6D3937FAAE.text	03E487F9FF89E2504EC1FF6D3937FAAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula macrantha R. E. Fr., Kungl. 1908	<div><p>14. Wissadula macrantha R.E.Fr., Kungl. (1908: 67) . Type:— PARAGUAY. Gran Chaco, Loma Clavel, 23º 20’, ad margines silvarum, November 1903, fl., E. Hassler 2570a, (lectotype: G, designated by Krapovickas 2006; isolectotypes: BM!, P).</p><p>Wissadula grandifolia Bak. f. var. macrantha (R. E. Fr.) Shinners (1962: 107) .</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 1–2 m tall, erects. Branches ferrugineous, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, caducous. Stipules 0.6–0.7 cm long, elliptic-lanceolate, free, caducous, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate. Leaves with petiole 1–7.5 cm long, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate; lamina 2–12 × 2.5–9.5 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolor, cordiform, base cordate to subcordate, apex acute to extremely cuspidate, margin entire; adaxial surface hispid, trichomes ferrugineous, simple, appressed, rarely fasciculate, abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes ferrugineous, multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-racemes, 15–20 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 0.9–1 cm long, velutinous, trichomes fasciculate minute or not, ferrugineous. Flowers with pedicel 9–10 mm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to those of the anthopodium; calyx 4–5 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface velutinous, trichomes fasciculate, minute or long, abaxial surface sericeous, trichomes simple, long; corolla 1.1–1.3 mm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, rare trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 4 mm long. Schizocarp 0.7–0.8 cm diam, 4–5 mericarps, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, muticous, constriction inconspicuous, pubescent, trichomes glandular minute; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum tomentose, trichomes simple (Figs. 7g –i).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana, 20 March 2003, fl., G. Hatschbach et al. 74963 (MBM) ; Bodoquena, 16 May 2002, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 73009 (CTES, MBM, SPF) ; Corumbá, July 1911, fl, F. C. Hoehne 3013 (BM, R). Miranda, 08 June 1987, fl., fr., C. A. Conceição 2090 (CGMS) ; Ladário, 05 June 1986, fl., A. Rêgo s.n. (CGMS 2400) ; Lagoão Fechado, 18 March 2003, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 74876 (MBM) ; Porto Murtinho, 15 March 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 77162 (CTES, MBM, SPF) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet macrantha is an allusion to its large flowers.</p><p>Distribution— The species occurs in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Brazil, it is restricted to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.</p><p>Note— It resembles W. parviflora by a similar type of indumentum on the adaxial surface of the leaves. However, in W. macrantha, the base of the leaves may be subcordate, the flowers are larger than that of W. parviflora and the fruits muticous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF89E2504EC1FF6D3937FAAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF89E2534EC1FA893B18FBDA.text	03E487F9FF89E2534EC1FA893B18FBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula paraguariensis Chod. 1901	<div><p>15. Wissadula paraguariensis Chod. (1901: 400) . Type:— PARAGUAY. L’Assumption, sur les bords des marais, May 1874, fl., fr., B. Balansa 1626 (holotype: G!; isotype: K!).</p><p>Wissadula oligomera Chod. (1901: 400) . Type:— PARAGUAY. In dumetis Espinillar de Carapegua, October, E. Hassler 1217 (holotype: G).</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia Presl. var. genuina Hochr. (1902: 28) . Type:— PARAGUAY. In dumetis insulae Chaco-y pr. Concepcion, October, E. Hassler 7579 (holotype: G).</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia Presl. var. genuina Hochr. f. parvifolia Chodat &amp; Hassl. (1905: 289) . Type:— PARAGUAY. In regione cursus superioris fluminis Apa, December, E. Hassler 8259 (holotype: G).</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia Presl. var. hernandioides Hochr. f. transiens Hassl. (1909: 82) . Syn. nov. Type:— PARAGUAY. In regione cursus inferioris fluminis Pilcomayo, December, T. Rojas 351 (holotype: G!, RB, photo!).</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 0.5–2 m tall, erects. Branches puberulous, trichomes whitish, multiradiate and multiradiate-stipitate, caducous. Stipules 0.6–0.7 cm long., lanceolate, free, caducous, pannose, trichomes multiradiate-stipitate. Leaves with petiole 0.5–3.5 cm long, panose, trichomes hyaline to ferrugineous, multiradiate-stipitate; lamina 2.5–9.5 × 1.5–5 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, green discolor, deltoid to slightly cordiform, base truncate, sometimes cordate, apex obtuse, sometimes mucronate, margin entire to slightly sinuose; adaxial surface puberulous, trichomes whitish, fasciculate, multiradiate, and rarely simple; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, multiradiate-stipitate, longer than the trichomes of abaxial surface. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-racemes, 26–30 cm long; accessory axis rarely reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 1.5–2 cm long, pubescent, trichomes glandular and multiradiate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 9–10 mm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to those of the anthopodium; calyx 5–6 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes glandular and multiradiate-stipitate, abaxial surface hirtellous, trichomes simple long; corolla 0.8–0.9 cm diam, yellow, with dark purple center; staminal column with rare trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion os filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mm long. Schizocarp 1.3–1.4 cm diam, 4–5 mericarps, 10–11 × 5–6 mm, spines ca. 1.5 mm long, constriction conspicuous, pubescent, shiny, trichomes fasciculate and multiradiate, frequently at the union between the carpel and in the distal region os mericarps; seeds 3, ca. 3 mm long, hilum pubescent, trichomes simple (Figs. 7j–l).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Tocantins: Conceição do Tocantins, 11 May 2000, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 71908 (MBM) . Bahia: Jacobina, 04 April 1967, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas 12846 and 12847 (CTES) . Mato Grosso: Cáceres, August 1980, fl.fr., L. Rossi &amp; I. Cordeiro s.n. (CTES 110135, SPF) ; Paconé, 28 January 1989, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas 43106 &amp; C. L. Cristóbal (CTES, MBM) ; “viveiros, org.”, 19 March 1945, fl., fr., F. Guerra s.n. (RB 55435) . Mato Grosso do Sul: arredores, 15 March 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 77168 (CTES, MBM); Miranda, 05 June 1973, fl., fr., J. S. Silva 63 (SP) ; Porto Murtinho, 23 May 2002, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 73326 (MBM) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet paraguariensis is a tribute to the country where the type specimen was collected: Paraguay.</p><p>Distribution— It is found in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in the States of Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Bahia.</p><p>Notes— Wissadula paraguariensis is distinguished by its leaves with obtuse apex and frequently truncate base, schizocarps with 4–5 mericarps, and shiny appearance of the schizocarp by the presence of fasciculate and multiradiate trichomes at the junction of the carpels and on the distal region of the mericarps. It resembles W. periplocifolia in the shape of its leaves.</p><p>Although Fries (1908) examined the type specimen of W. periplocifolia var. hernandioides f. transiens (Rojas 351), he did not include it in the list of synonyms of W. paraguariensis . Did Fries consider it as a difference species? Because its leaf shape and the type of fruit indumentum are insufficient evidence to consider it as a distinct species, we s included this name a synonym of W. paraguariensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF89E2534EC1FA893B18FBDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF8AE2554EC1FB5D3DACF952.text	03E487F9FF8AE2554EC1FB5D3DACF952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula parviflora	<div><p>16. Wissadula parviflora (A.St.-Hil.) R.E.Fr. (1908:46). Abutilon parviflorum A. St. -Hil. (1827: 201). Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, inter povoado Formigas et monte Serra da Canastra, in sylvis prope praedium vulgo Fazenda da D. Thomasia, Voyage 1816–1821, St.-Hilaire 344 (holotype: P!, RB, photo!).</p><p>Abutilon parviflorum var. lutea A. St. -Hil. (1827: 202). Syn. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo, prope urbem, without date, fl., St.-Hilaire s.n. (holotype: P!).</p><p>Shrubs 1–3 m tall, erect. Branches canescent, rarely puberolous, trichomes ferruginous, fasciculate minute and fasciculate-stipitate, sometimes stipitate. Stipules 0.8–0.9 cm long., lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, free, caducous, hirsutulous, trichomes fasciculate-stipitate, few trichomes simple. Leaves with petiole 1.5–10 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate minute and fasciculate-stipitate; lamina 3.5–18 × 3–9.5 cm, membranaceous, green discolor, deltoid, cordiform to lanceolate, base cordate, apex acute to cuspidate, margin entire, sometimes only the young crenated; adaxial surface hirsute, trichomes hyaline, simple and glandular, sometimes fasciculate in midrib vein; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, sometimes ferrugineous on midrib vein, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-racemes, 10–20 cm long; acessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 2–2.5 cm long, pubescent, trichomes fasciculate minute and fasciculate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 10–12 mm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to those on the to anthopodium; calyx ca. 5 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, few accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, minute, fasciculate-stipitate, and simple, long; corolla 1–1.1 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary (4–)5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 1.8–2 cm diam, 5 mericarps, 14–15 × 5–6 mm, spines 2.5–4 mm long, constriction conspicuous, puberulous, trichomes glandular, few simple and fasciculate; seeds 3, ca. 3 mm long, hilum tomentose, trichomes simple (Figs. 8a–c).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Bahia: Joazeiro, 26 March 2000, fl., fr., G. Cavalcanti et al. 52 (ALCB, RB) . Goiás: Brasília, 16 June 1966, fl., J. Ramos 6665 (CTES) ; S. of Brasília, on road to Belo Horizonte, 16 July 1966, fl., fr., H. S. Irwin et al. 18243 (CTES, IAN, NY, RB) . Minas Gerais: Barroso, 03 May 2003, fl., fr., L. C. S. Assis et al. 826 (CESJ, RB) ; Belo Horizonte, 09 April 1951, fl., fr., G. A. Black 12208 (IAN) ; Caldas, 24 January 1980, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas &amp; C. L. Cristobal 35471 (CTES, ICN) ; Cambuí, April 1973, fl., fr., H. Monteiro 3873 (RBR). Corinto, 22 April 1931, fl., fr., Y. Mexia 5688 (R) ; Juiz de Fora, 25 March 2008, fl., fr., L. M. Neto et al. 493 (CESJ) ; Lima Duarte, Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, 17 May 2006, fl., fr., R. C. Forzza 4185 (RB) ; estrada para moreiras, 21 April 2010, fl., fr., M.G. Bovini 3150 (RB); Monte verde, 07 April 1988, fl., fr., H. F. Leitão-Filho &amp; T. Lewinsch 20193 (UEC) ; Sete Lagoas, July 1937, fl., fr., H. Monteiro 1724 (RBR) ; Viçosa, campus da UFV, 24 October 2006, fr., M. G. Bovini et al. 2618 (RB) . Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, estrada Itamonte-Alagoa, 15 May 2007, fl., fr., R. Marquete et al. 4063 (RB) ; Marambaia, ilha, 26 November 2007, fl.., V. Santana s.n. (RBR) ; Nova Friburgo, 14 August 1977, fl., fr., C. Ramalho &amp; Adalís 595 (CTES, RB, RBR) ; Paraty, estrada para o rio dos Meros, 17 March 2006, fl., M. G. Bovini et al. 2558 (RB) ; Petrópolis, distrito de Côrreas, 19 June 2000, fl., fr., A. C. Aguiar et al. 06 (RB) ; Teresópolis, 08 September 1942, fl., fr., B. Lutz 1955 (R) . São Paulo: Águas da Prata, 10 May 1944, fl., fr., A. S. Lima s.n. (SP 51798) ; Araçaíba, 16. August 1920, fl., F. C. Hoehne s.n. (SP 3925) ; Campinas, 08 August 1982, fl., fr., M. Sazima 14186 (UEC) ; 14 September 1989, fl., L. C. Bernacci s.n. (UEC 99066); Cabras, 10 April 1986, fl., fr., N. Taroda et al. s.n. (UEC 43380) ; Cunha, 26 February 1940, fr., A. P. Viegas &amp; J. Kiehl s.n. (IAN, SP) ; Embu, 12 June 1977, fl., fr., R. Monteiro 4010 (UEC) ; entre Itatiba e Campinas, 15 August 1976, fl., fr., P. H. Davis 59741 (MBM, UEC) ; Ibiúna, 06 April 1999, fl., I. Cordeiro et al. 1943 (SP) ; Itabera, Reserva Ecológica, 15 August 1998, fl., fr., J. Tamashiro 1283 (SP) ; Jaraguá, 30 March 1913, fl., A. C. Brade 7367 (SP) ; Jundiaí, 12 April 1994, fl., L. C. Bernarcci et al. 83 (IAC, SP, UEC) ; Queluz, fazenda Itapoã, 03 June 1996, fl., fr., P. T. Sano et al. 125 (SPF) ; Serra do Japi, 22 September 1983, fl., fr., M. Sugiyama &amp; S. C. Chiea 15548 (UEC) ; Manduri, Estação Experimental, 26 July 1991, fr., J. V. Godoi et al. 112 (SP) ; São Paulo, Reserva da Cidade Universitária, 14 May 1996, fr., M. Groppo 142 (SP, SPF) ; São Roque, 22 May 1977, fl., M. Sakare 585 (SP) . Paraná: Bromado, 25 March 1986, fl., fr., J. M. Silva 109 &amp; A. Carvalho (FLOR, MBM) ; Castro, Abapã, 28 February 1961, fr., G. Hatschbach 7759 (RBR) ; Curitiba, Jardim Botânico, 22 February 1994, fl., fr., J. M. Silva &amp; J. Cordeiro 1300 (CTES, MBM) ; Guarapuava, Cantagalo, 1971, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach 24138 (MBM, RB, UEC) ; Ivaí, Faxinal, 15 March 1972, fl., G. Hatschbach 29306 (CTES, MBM) ; Palmeira, Rod. BR 277, 08 March 1984, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach 47585 (CTES, MBM) ; Pinhão, Barbaqua, 07 March 1967, fl., fr., J. Lindeman 4674 (MBM) ; Pitanga, rodovia BR-466, 18 February 2004, fl., fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 76783 (CTES, MBM) ; Porto Vitória, 08 January 1985, fl., fr., A. Krapovickas &amp; C. L. Cristobal 39593 (CTES, MBM) ; Rio Branco do Sul, Quebrada Funda, 31 March 1970, fr., G. Hatschbach 24070 (CTES, MBM) . Santa Catarina: Bocaiúva do Sul, Palmital, 10 February 1987, fl., fr., E. F. Parciornik &amp; P. I. Oliveira 342 (ICN, MBM) ; na encruzilhada de Caçador-Videira, 25 February 1960, fl., fr., J. Mattos &amp; N. Mattos 7608 (HAS); Lajes, em Piurras, 17 February 1958, fl., fr., J. Mattos s.n. (HAS 85778) ; São Miguel do Oeste, rio das Flores, 01 March 1964, fl., fr., A. Castellanos 24763 (GUA) . Rio Grande do Sul: Carazinho, 10 April 1986, fr., N. Mattos &amp; M. Bassan 335 (HAS) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet parviflora refers to its small flowers.</p><p>Distribution— The species occurs in Argentina and Brazil. In Brazil, it is found in the states of Bahia and in southeastern and southern regions.</p><p>Note— Wissadula parviflora is identified by its large mericarps, with long spines (2.5 to 4 mm). It also has simple trichomes, resembling bristles, on the adaxial surface of the leaves and branches and petioles with fasciculate-stipitate trichomes, sometimes visible to the naked eye in some specimens. In the type material, mericarp spines typically measure ca. 2.5 mm, but a small variation in size may occur, since Saint-Hilaire (1827) based his description on a single specimen. Fries (1908) analyzed several other materials, and, using the original description as a basis for comparison, he stated that the long spines of this species are the longest in the genus.</p><p>The yellow flowers do not sustain Abutilon parviflorum var. lutea as an intraspecific taxon, as previously stated by Fries (1908). Hence, we considered it as a synonym of W. parviflora .</p><p>Schumann (1891), in Flora Brasiliensis, apparently ignored the species described by Saint-Hilaire (1827), and ascribed the material of W. parviflora to W. hernandioides (Monsén 411, Regnell 22) and W. patens (= W. excelsior).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF8AE2554EC1FB5D3DACF952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF8CE2574EC1F8D53B81FD9A.text	03E487F9FF8CE2574EC1F8D53B81FD9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula periplocifolia (Linnaeus 1753) C. Presl. ex Thwaites 1858	<div><p>17. Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl. ex Thwaites (1858: 27). Sida periplocifolia L. (1753: 684). Abutilon periplocifolium (L.) Sweet (1826: 53). Type:— CEYLON. Herb. Hermann v. 3, fol. 11, Hermann s. n. (lectotype: BM, photo!, designated by Waalkes 1966).</p><p>Sida periplocifolia var. zeylanica DC. (1824: 467) . Abutilon periplocifolium var. zeylanicum G. Don (1831: 500) . Type:—Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. t.3, fol.3. 1732. (lectotype, designated by Fryxell 2012).</p><p>Wissadula zeylanica Medic. (1787: 25), nom. illeg.</p><p>Sida paniculata var. oblonga Salzm. ex Triana &amp; Planchon (1862: 186) . pro. syn.</p><p>Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C.Presl. var. gracillima R.E.Fr. (1908: 34) . Syn. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Without locality and date, Glocker 92 (lectotype: BM!, designated here, RB, photo!) ; chosen from syntypes: Blanchet 174 (BM!, RB, photo!); Gardner s.n. (BM 000888614!, RB, photo!); 5971/2 (BM!, RB, photo!); Glocker 92 (BM!); A. Glaziou 10283 (K!); 13546 (CTES!, R!, RB, photo!); 13546 (K!); G. O. Malme 1544 (R!; S, RB, photo!) .</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 1–1.5 m tall, erect. Branches pubescent, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate, sometimes glabrate when young. Stipules 0.2–0.3 cm long., lanceolate to linear, free, caducous, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate. Leaves with petiole 2–2.5 cm long, tomentose, trichomes ferrugineous, fasciculate-stipitate, sometimes subssesile; lamina 3.5–9 × 2–4.5 cm, membranaceous to chartaceous, slightly green discolor, cordiform or deltoid, base cordate or truncate, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes apiculate, margin entire, frequently nearly straight; adaxial surface puberulous, trichomes hyaline, simple, glandular, and fasciculate; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes rarely ferrugineous, multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-racemes, 24–30 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 3–3.5 cm long, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate and glandular, minute. Flowers with pedicel 10–12 mm long, tomentose, trichomes fasciculate and glandular minute; calyx 5–5.2 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface indumentum and trichomes similar to pedicel, abaxial surface lanose, trichomes simple, long; corolla 0.6–0.8 mm diam, white or beige, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple, and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 1 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 3 mm long. Schizocarp 1.1–1.3 cm diam, 5 mericarps, 8–9 × 4–5 mm, spines ca. 2 mm long, constriction conspicuous, puberulous, trichomes fasciculate, few simple, minute; seeds 3, ca. 3 mm long, hilum velutinous, trichomes simple (Figs. 8d–f).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL. Roraima (= ancient territory of the Rio Branco): Boa Vista, June 1913, fl., fr., J. G. Kuhlmann 702 (RB, RBR) ; 30 August 1943, fl., A. Ducke s.n. (IAN 43421) . Pará: Montealegre, 08 March 1923, fl., fr., A. Ducke s.n. (RB 18647) . Maranhão: Arari, Engenho, 30 June 1978, fl. N. A. Rosa 2475 (IAN, MG, NY) ; Loreto, região do rio Parnaíba, 29 May 1962, fl., G. Eiten &amp; L. T. Eiten 4769 (SP) ; São Luiz, Perizes, 06 July 1954, fl., fr., G. A. Black et al. 54-16580 (IAN) . Ceará: Aracati, Majorlândia, 11 July 1964, fl., fr., N. B. Amais &amp; F. G. A. Matos 243 (RB) ; Canindé, CE-044, 15 June 1979, fl., fr., L. Coradin et al. 1975 (CENARGEN, CTES) ; Cedro, June 1912, fl., fr., J. A. Loefgren 1151 (R) ; without locality, 27 August 1935, fl., F. Drouet 2380 (MO, R) . Pernambuco: “ Alagoas de baixo”?, without date, fr., H. Monteiro 357 (RBR); Carpina, barragem de Carpina, 26 July 1978, fl., fr., C. R. Câmpelo &amp; A. Câmpelo 641 (RB, RBR) ; São Lourenço da Mata, estação ecológica Tapacurá, 27 July 1992, fl., fr., A. M. Miranda 521 (INPA) . Bahia: 27 km SE of the town of Morro do Chapéu, 04 March 1977, fr., R. M. Harley 19409 (CTES, UEC) ; Contendas do Sincorá, 28 February 2000, fl., fr., M. M. da Silva et al. 344 (HUEFS, SP) ; Cruz das Almas, 1956, fl., fr., H. Monteiro s.n. (RBR 21538) ; perto de Jequié, 11 July 1964, fl., A. Castellanos 25066 (CTES, GUA, HB) ; Salvador, Est. Embasa, 05 June 1980, fl., “Pedra do Cavalo” s.n. (RB 333115) . Mato Grosso: “viveiros, org.”, 19 March 1945, fl., fr., F. Guerra s.n. (RB 55435) . Minas Gerais: Itaobim, 01 April 1959, fl., fr., M. Magalhães 14952 (IAN, RB) .</p><p>Etymology— The epithet periplocifolia refers to peri (around, surrounding) and ploca (to roll up, to entangle). Perhaps Linnaeus (1753) made an allusion to the young, subsessile, radiating leaves, enclosing around the branch.</p><p>Distribution— It occurs from Mexico to Brazil. In Brazil, it occurs in the States of Roraima, Pará, Maranhão, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia, Mato Grosso, and Minas Gerais. The species is the most polymorphic of the genus in Brazil and presents a disjunct distribution.</p><p>Note— This species shares common characteristics with W. caribaea, including their general vegetative aspect and leaf shape. Wissadula periplocifolia also resembles W. paraguariensis, but the latter has spaced internodes, leaves with a truncated to slightly cordate base and almost straight margins, and, frequently, schizocarps with five awned mericarps. This species may be closely related to W. diffusa R.E.Fr. (1908: 37), a species endemic to Ecuador, but the mericarps of this species have long spines.</p><p>Fries (1908) analyzed several specimens, observing morphological variations and their geographic distribution and established three varieties for W. periplocifolia: the typical variety, which was described by the Sri Lanka collection with terminal inflorescence and few flowers; var. gracillima, which comprises specimens from Northern and Northeastern South America with wide, terminal inflorescence with few flowers; and var. antillarum, which comprises specimens restricted to the Antilles with axillary solitary flowers, which are rarely terminal, separated into two forms based on leaf sizes: f. macrophylla and f. microphylla .</p><p>After analyzing the type material of these taxa and herbarium collections, we noticed an overlap in the abovementioned characteristics for many individuals. For example, the inflorescence in the two varieties (typical and gracillima) may be lax, terminal or congested, whereas the leaves are identical in shape, size and indumentum type. When Schumann (1891) described W. periplocifolia, he characterized only one type of inflorescence, corroborating the statement that the characteristics discussed above may indeed overlap. Hence, in this study, we propose W. periplocifolia var. gracillima as asynonym of W. periplocifolia .</p><p>Fries (1908) categorized as W. periplocifolia the material collected by Hermann in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in the mid-1670s, which was also examined by Medicus (1787) for description of the Wissadula genus establishing W. zeylanica and subsequently deposited in the British Museum (BM). Therefore, Linnaeus (1747) was already familiar with this material when he drafted Flora Zeylanica, and he identified it as Sida periplocifolia . Thus, W. zeylanica Medicus refers to the same Sida periplocifolia material analyzed by Linnaeus; therefore, its name is illegitimate.</p><p>Waalkes (1966) notes that Presl (1835) recognized S. periplocifolia as Wissadula, but subordinated to W. zeylanica . Later, Thwaites (1858) proposed the currently accepted combination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF8CE2574EC1F8D53B81FD9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF8EE2574EC1FD9D3A80F87A.text	03E487F9FF8EE2574EC1FD9D3A80F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula setifera Krapov. 1983	<div><p>18. Wissadula setifera Krapov. (1983: 258) .</p><p>Type:— ARGENTINA. Corrientes, San Martin, tres Cerros, cerro Capará, 29 January 1976, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; C. L. Cristóbal 29069 (holotype: CTES!, RB, photo!; isotypes: G, K!, LIL, NY!, P, SI, US!) .</p><p>Subshrubs 1–2 m tall, erect. Branches pubescent, trichomes hyaline, glandular, fasciculate and simple, very long. Stipules 0.9–1 cm long., linear, free, caducous, pubescent, trichomes glandular, fasciculate, sometimes simple, very long, on both surfaces. Leaves with petiole 0.6–2.5 cm long, canescent, trichomes glandular, fasciculate, and simple, very long; lamina 1.8–9 × 1.7–5 cm, membranaceous, green discolor, cordiform, base cordate, with lobes not imbricate, apex acuminate, acute or cuspidate, margin serreate; adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes hyaline, glandular, and multiradiate, rarely simple and long; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes hyaline, fasciculate, and fasciculate-stipitate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-raceme, 15–17 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 5–6 mm long, pubescent, trichomes simple, long, glandular, and fasciculate. Flowers with pedicel 4–5 mm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to anthopodium; calyx 5–6 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, not accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes fasciculate, glandular, and simple, long; corolla 9–10 mm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 3 mm long, rarely trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mm long. Schizocarp 1.0– 1.1 cm diam, 4 (–5) mericarps, 8–9 × 3–4 mm, spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, pubescent, trichomes simple and glandular, few fasciculate; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum villous, trichomes simple (Figs. 8g –i).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined — BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho, Rodovia Bonito- Campo dos Índios, 13 March 2003, fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 74665 (CTES, MBM).</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined — ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Martin, Três Cerros, 15 September 1979, fl., A. Schinini et al. 18451 (CTES).</p><p>BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Chiquitos, 21 April 1980, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 36376 (CTES) ; quebrada del rio Roboré, 22 September 1980, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; A.Schinini 36434 (paratype CTES) ; estancia El Cinco, 26 April 1980, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 36552 (CTES) .</p><p>PARAGUAY. Chaco: Estancia San Jose, 12 March 1989, fl., L. Ramella &amp; F. Mereles 2680 (CTES, G). Le Cordillera: Itacurubí, 11 September 1970, fl., L. M. Anzotegui s.n. (CTES).</p><p>Etymology— The epithet setifera derives from the Latin word seta, referring to the simple, long and thickened trichomes found on the branches, petiole and calyx.</p><p>Distribution— It occurs in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. This is the first record of W. setifera for Brazil where it occurs only in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The species was previously known only in Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina.</p><p>Note— It is characterized by the delicate appearance of its habit and, mainly, by the abundance of simple trichomes, these are very long on the branches, petioles and calyx. It is closely related to W. decora, but the latter does not have simple, long trichomes on the branches, petioles and calyx. However, based on its trichomes, W. setifera resembles W. wissadifolia, but differs in the absence of clasping lobes at the base of leaves and the presence of a few simple long trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF8EE2574EC1FD9D3A80F87A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
03E487F9FF8FE2564EC1FF6D3A65F99C.text	03E487F9FF8FE2564EC1FF6D3A65F99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wissadula wissadifolia (Griseb.) Krapov. 1983	<div><p>19. Wissadula wissadifolia (Griseb.) Krapov. (1983: 257) . Abutilon wissadifolium Griseb. (1879: 47), p. p. Type:— ARGENTINA. Salta, Rio Juramento, 22 February 1873, fl., P. Lorentz &amp; G. Hieronymus 293 (lectotype: GOET, designated by Krapovickas 1983; isolectotypes: CORD, UC, US!, RB, photo!).</p><p>Wissadula grisebachii R. E. Fr. (1908: 74) . Type:— ARGENTINA. Salta, Rio Juramento, without date, P. Lorentz &amp; G. Hieronymus 293 (lectotype: GOET, designated here).</p><p>Subshrubs to shrubs 1.6–2.1 m tall, erect. Branches pubescent, trichomes hyaline, simple, and long, minutely glandular, rarely fasciculate.Stipules 0.9–1 cm long, filiform, free, caducous, sericeous, trichomes simple long and glandular at both surfaces. Leaves with petiole 5–12 cm long, sericeous, trichomes simple, very long, and glandular, rarely fasciculate; lamina 3.5–12 × 2.5–11 cm, membranaceous, slightly green discolor, cordiform, sometimes slightly lobate to the apex, base cordate-imbricate, apex acute to acuminate, margin crenate to serreate; adaxial surface pubescent, trichomes hyaline, simple, glandular-fasciculate and multiradiate; abaxial surface velutinous, trichomes whitish, multiradiate. Synflorescence frondose-bracteate, pyramidal, lax; coflorescence double-raceme, 15–20 cm long; accessory axis reduced, 2(–3) flowers; anthopodium 0.7–0.8 mm long, pubescent, trichomes glandular long, simple, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate. Flowers with pedicel 5–6 mm long, indumentum and trichomes similar to anthopodium; calyx 5–6 mm long, sepals free to the middle below to medium portion, accrescent in fruit, adaxial surface glandular, long, simple, fasciculate and fasciculate-stipitate; corolla ca. 1.3 cm diam, yellow, without dark center; staminal column with few trichomes hyaline, simple, and fasciculate-stipitate, free portion of filaments ca. 2 mm long, few trichomes hyaline, simple; ovary 4–5 celled, 3 ovules per cell; style ca. 5 mm long. Schizocarp 0.8–0.9 cm diam, 4 (–5) mericarps, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, spines &lt;1 mm long, constriction inconspicuous, pubescent, trichomes simple and glandular, few fasciculate; seeds 3, ca. 2 mm long, hilum slightly villous, trichomes simple (Figs. 4a, 8j–l).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Bodoquena, 18 November 2002, fl., G. Hatschbach 74323 (CTES, MBM) ; próximo a fábrica de cimento, 08 November 2007, fl, M. G. Bovini et al. 2675 (RB) .</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined— ARGENTINA. Jujuy: Ledesman, 17 March 1973, fl., A. L. Cabrera et al. 23269 (CTES). Salta: Guemes, 22 March 1977, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 30433 (CTES) ; La Viña, 27 March 1977, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 30608 (CTES) . BOLÍVIA. Chuquisaca: Azero, 12 April 1977, fl., A. Krapovickas &amp; A. Schinini 31226 (CTES) ; El Salvador-CIMBOC, 10 April 1993, fl., C. S. Toledo et al. 11618 (CTES, SPF). Cochabamba: a 54 km de Totora, 24 February 2004, fl., A. Cocucci et al. 3339 (CORD, CTES) . Santa Cruz: Andrés Ibañes, 13 December 1994, fl., fr., M. Nee 45932 (CTES) ; Cordillera, 24 February 1958, fl., A. Krapovickas 9483 (CTES, LIL) .</p><p>Etymology— Grisebach (1879) most likely used the epithet wissadifolia as a reference to the similarity between the leaves or fruits and those of the species of Wissadula when it was described in the genus Abutilon .</p><p>Distribution— The species is found in Bolivia, Argentina, and Brazil. It is recorded for the first time in Brazil where it is restricted to the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. In Bolivia and Argentina, it occurs in a region known as chaco.</p><p>Note— Wissadula wissadifolia is characterized by leaf blades with a lobate-imbricate or cordate base, crenate to serrate margin, adaxial surface with simple, glandular, fasciculate and multiradiate trichomes, and branches, petioles and inflorescences with simple and very long trichomes. It is very similar to W. setifera, but the latter has smaller leaf blades and a different type of indumentum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487F9FF8FE2564EC1FF6D3A65F99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bovini, Massimo G.;Baumgratz, José Fernando A.	Bovini, Massimo G., Baumgratz, José Fernando A. (2016): Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 243 (3): 201-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
