taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E46F035E2B6009FF77F542968AFF25.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Mahasena andamana Moore, 1877, by monotypy.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2B6009FF77F542968AFF25.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Plateumeta aurea Butler, 1881, by original designation.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2B6009FF77F542968AFF25.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Claniades ekeikei Bethune-Baker, 1908, by original designation. Synonymic remarks. Claniades was erected by Bethune-Baker (1908) on the basis of a single specimen from Ekeikei, Papua New Guinea, without comment upon or reference to the genus Mahasena, which he may have been unaware of or unfamiliar with. The description given is brief, and no diagnostic information is provided to explain how Claniades differs from any other psychid genus. From an examination of the type specimen of Mahasena ekeikei in the NHMUK (Fig. 2 E), it is apparent that the specimen is morphologically identical to that of all other Mahasena specimens collected throughout the island of New Guinea (i. e. Fig. 2 C – D). Although the holotype could not be dissected due to age and historical significance, other specimens from New Guinea and the Bismark Archipelago were dissected and sequenced, where the genitalia conform to that of Mahasena and the sequence is nested deeply within Mahasena in our phylogeny (Fig. 1). Due to the priority of the name Mahasena and the lack of any diagnostic characters that exist to differentiate the two genera, Claniades is here treated as a junior subjective synonym.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2B6009FF77F542968AFF25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mahasena are distinguished among large Oiketicinae by the shape of the male genitalia, which have an extremely long saccus, comprising about half the length of the genitalia; they have the vinculum flared laterally, the basal costal lobe swollen, pronounced and subtriangular, and the cornuti of the vesica numerous and heavily sclerotised (Fig. 3 A – B). By these features, the superficially similar genera Clania Walker and Amatissa Walker are excluded, which otherwise have similarly sized and coloured species with a similar wing shape. The only similar genus is the related Manatha, a genus of smaller species which differ in their genitalia structures by having a more ‘ typical’ vinculum, without the lateral flare seen in Mahasena. A defining synapomorphic trait of Mahasena would appear to be the presence of a laterally flared vinculum with an elongate saccus. The phallus of Manatha is considerably shorter relative to the rest of the genitalia as compared with that of Mahasena. The larval life history is also distinctive, with Mahasena species constructing a bag of foliage fragments haphazardly attached to a silk base (Fig. 2 F) as compared with the bare silken structure of Manatha (Hӓttenschwiler et al. 2013: fig. 3).	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	description	(Figs 2 A – B; 3 A, C, D – E)	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. ♂ “ Rocky Point, approx. 4 km NE Weipa, QLD, AUST., - 12.619, 141.890, 12 July 2023, to MV light, D. Funnell ”, “ ANIC Database No. 31 - 084759 ”. In ANIC. Type locality: Rocky Point, Weipa, Queensland, Australia. Paratypes. 6 ♂: 1 ♂ data as for holotype except date as “ 28 Jan 2022 ”. 1 ♂ “ 16 ° 06 ’ 08.53 ” S, 145 ° 27 ’ 04.68 ” E, James Cook University Rainforest Site, 26 – 30 Sept. 2022, 28 m, DCF Rentz, S Yuchen, S Fernando, J Loo, S Runeiman, LH Ran, Stop 21, Grassland / Forest edge ”. 1 ♂ “ 12.43 S, 143.17 E, Quinn Park, Claudie Riv., Q, 14 Feb 1985, E. D. Edwards, B. Hacobian ”, “ Genitalia prep. no. EPB- 238, ANIC NULS 752178 ”, “ ANIC Database No. 31 - 084641 ”. 1 ♂ “ 16 ° 48 ” S, 145 ° 38 ’ E (GPS), Qld, Kuranda (335 m) (Top of the Range), 19 Butler Dr, 16 – 31 January 2022, DCF Rentz ”, “ Genitalia prep. no. EPB- 237, ANIC NULS 753016 ”, “ ANIC Database No. 31 - 084640 ”. 2 ♂ “ AUSTRALIA, 11 ° 41 ’ S 142 ° 43 ’ E, 2 km E Captain Billy Landing T / O, Qld, 155 m, 23 May 2015, Zwick, Cocking, Edwards ”, one specimen with “ Genitalia prep. no. EPB- 236, ANIC NULS 751993 ”, “ ANIC Database No. 31 - 084639 ”. All in ANIC.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mahasena inornata sp. nov. is externally similar to M. ekeikei, with a slight difference in wing pattern being that the hindwing of M. inornata sp. nov. is subtly darker than the forewing (Fig. 2 A), whereas in M. ekeikei the fore- and hindwing appear to be of the same colour (Fig. 2 C, 2 E). This feature is difficult to discern in worn material. Robust diagnostic differences exist in the structure of the fringe scales, and in the male genitalia. The fringe scales of the forewing of M. ekeikei are weakly dentate (Fig. 3 F), whereas those of M inornata sp. nov. are more deeply dentate (Fig. 3 D). Although the hindwing fringe scales are similar in dentition between the two species, those of M. inornata sp. nov. are 2 / 3 rd shorter than those of M. ekeikei (Fig. 3 F – G, grey bar denotes margin). In the hindwing, M 2 + M 3 of M. inornata sp. nov. arise from the same point on the discal cell, whereas in M. ekeikei these veins are stalked. The interocular indexes of the two species differ, in M. inornata sp. nov. it is 0.90 – 0.92, whereas in M. ekeikei it is 1 – 1.8. The valvae are diagnostic, with the ventral lobe of M. inornata sp. nov. shorter and less hooked (Fig. 3 A) as compared with M. ekeikei (Fig. 3 B); further, the basal costal lobe of M. inornata sp. nov. is flattened and rounded, whereas in M. ekeikei it is depressed medially and subtriangular. The tegumen of M. inornata sp. nov. is broader, and the flared portion of the vinculum is more distinctive. Mahasena inornata sp. nov. differs from M. corbetti by wing colouration and genitalia (Kamarudin et al. 1994: fig. 17, Firake et al. 2018: fig. 13). The fore- and hindwings of M. inornata sp. nov. are only slightly different shades of brown, whereas in M. corbetti the forewing is a richer reddish-brown, and the hindwing a distinctive dark brown to fuscous brown. Again, this quality is difficult to discern in worn specimens, however examination of the genitalia is diagnostic. The saccus of M. inornata sp. nov. is narrower, especially anteriorly, and overall longer than that of M. corbetti, and the valvae of M. inornata sp. nov. are distinctly narrower. All three species are separable by phylogenetic analysis of barcode data (Fig. 1).	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	description	Description. Male. (Figs 2 A – B; 3 A, C, D – E). Eye index: 0.90 – 0.92. Forewing Length: 13 – 14 mm. Wingspan 27 – 28 mm. Head. Antennae dark brown, bipectinate, 22 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere filiform, rami with single row of black scales dorsally, setae laterally and ventrally, rami 7 x width of flagellomere at widest point. Frons and vertex dark brown piliform scales. Thorax. Densely clothed with dark brown piliform scales on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Scales with distinct purple iridescent quality when viewed at angle under bright white light. Legs dark brown, distal half of tarsi light brown. Foreleg with elongate epiphysis on proximal 1 / 3 rd of tibia; tarsi with apical spurs on tarsomeres. Forewing broad, triangular; costa nearly straight, convex toward pointed apex; termen slightly convex, subtle concavity at CuA 2, inner margin straight. Hindwing costa convex; apex rounded, termen subtly convex, margin convex after An 3. Wing venation typical for Mahasena; forewing with four Rs veins, three M veins with M 2 and M 3 stalked; Hindwing with three An veins, An 1 atrophied. Forewing dorsal colour mid cinnamon brown. Hindwing coloured similarly except slightly darker, area between costa and R 2 khaki brown from basal area to apex, inner margin with dark brown piliform scales. Both fore- and hindwings dark cinnamon brown ventrally, khaki brown fringe scales and in area between inner margin up to and just beyond vein An + CuP, from basal area to margin. Wings with faint iridescent purple quality when viewed at lateral angle. Wing ground scales oval, pointed apex, medial ridge. Fringe scales broad, with four to five points, with deep and broad gaps between points on both fore- and hindwings. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally dark brown, piliform scales attached to transparent membrane posterior and lateral to otherwise naked but highly sclerotised sternites and tergites. Genitalia. (Fig. 3 A). Saccus narrow, finely drawn to a point at apex, approx. ½ total length of genitalia complex; rest of vinculum flared laterally, with medial depression. Tegumen sclerotised laterally, fused with vinculum medially, posteriorly broad, postero-lateral corners convex towards blunt apex, setose on dorsal aspect. Valva elongate; apex bifurcate to two lobes, ventral lobe shorter than dorsal, recurved, with three short spines at apex; dorsal lobe broader, longer, rounded, setose dorsally; inner margin weakly convex, setose dorsally; basal costal lobe broad, sub-ovoid, flattened. Phallus very long, greater than entire length of genitalia; sinuate, ductus ejaculatorius smooth, and vesica sub-triangular at phallus apex, densely covered with numerous long, highly sclerotised cornuti over entire length.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named inornata, Latin: unadorned, for the unremarkable plain appearance, lacking distinctive patterning. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The larval life history of this species is unrecorded, and further study is needed to understand the host preferences and breadth in Australia. Mahasena - like larval bags that have been observed in northern Queensland may be attributed to this species (Table S 1), however, rearing of larval specimens or DNA sequencing is required to confirm this suspicion. The adult males of Mahasena inornata sp. nov. are infrequently collected at mercury vapor and UV light traps at night, sporadically throughout the year from January, February, May, July, November, and September. Habitat. This species is known from high rainfall environments, such as near-coastal lowland and low-montane tropical rainforest, monsoon rainforest, and forest edge, from sea level to an elevation of 335 meters. One specimen, from near Cape Tribulation, Queensland, is labelled as having been collected from a grassland and forest edge site, in a predominately lowland tropical rainforest area. Mahasena species in Asia are often found in very disturbed, semi-urban sites (see Roh & Byun 2015, Sulaiman & Talip 2021) though it is unclear if Mahasena inornata sp. nov. is similar in this respect, indeed most of the known collection localities do not fit this category.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2C600BFF77F03796D4FC81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mahasena inornata sp. nov. is endemic to far northern Queensland, Australia where it is known from several sites from Cape York Peninsula: from near Weipa, Claudie River, and Heathlands Regional Reserve, as well as further south in the Wet Tropics bioregion, from near Cape Tribulation, and Kuranda.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	description	(Figs 2 C – F; 3 B, F – G)	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. ♂ “ Ekeikei, B. C. New Guinea, 1,500 ft., March – April, 1903. A. E. Pratt. Coll. ”, “ G. T. B- Baker Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 360 ” “ Type ”. In NHMUK. Type locality: Ekeikei, Papua New Guinea. Other material examined. 20 ♂. 1 ♂ “ NEW GUINEA Torricelli Mountains, Mokai, 2500 ft, 8 Dec 1958 – 23 Jan 1959, W. W. Brandt ”, “ MOKAI ”, “ Mahasena ekeikei, Genitalia prep. no. EPB- 244, ANIC NULS 752114 ”, “ ANIC Database No. 31 - 084647 ”. 7 ♂ with data identical to first two labels of the previous specimen. 1 ♂ “ NEW GUINEA, Finisterre Range, Gabumi, 2000 ft, 23 June – 21 July 1958, W. W. Brandt. ”, “ Sibog ”. 2 ♂ “ NEW GUINEA, Kiunga, Fly River, 2 Jul. – 31 Oct. 1957, W. W. Brandt ”, “ kg 6 / 8 ”. 1 ♂ “ NEW GUINEA, Maprik, East Sepik Province, at light, June 1975 ”, “ F. Gerrits collection ”. 2 ♂ “ WOODLARK ISLAND, Kulumadau, 20 Jan – 6 May, 1957, W. W. Brandt ”, “ KA 1 / 3 ”. 3 ♂ ‘ MISIMA ISLAND, Umana Camp, 500 ft, 6.11. – 7.12.1963, W. W. Brandt ”, “ MSMA ”. 1 ♂ “ NORMANBY ISLAND, Wakaiuna, Sewa Bay, 23 Oct. 1956 – 11 Jan 1957, W. W. Brandt ”, “ wk 20 / 12 ”. 1 ♂ “ ROSSEL ISLAND, Abaleti, 2.10 – 2.11.1963, W. W. Brandt ”, “ RSSL ”. 1 ♂ with case “ Papua New Guinea, West New Britain, Bebere plantation, Division 2 oil palm, coll. 3.1.2009, em. 9. ii. 2009, CF Dewhurst ”, “ Mahasena corbetti Tams, 1928, det. 2013 Hӓttenschwiler ”, “ Mahasena ekeikei, Genitalia prep. no. EPB- 243, ANIC NULS 752789 ”, “ ANIC Database No. 31 - 084646 ”. All in ANIC.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mahasena ekeikei is similar to M. corbetti and M. inornata sp. nov., however can be differentiated on the basis of wing colour and scale characteristics and male genitalia, as given under the Diagnosis section for the previous species. In M. corbetti there is a clear distinction in the colour of the fore- and hindwing, in which the forewing is variously mid and reddish brown and the hindwing is fuscous black (Tams 1928). See Fig. 5 of Leong & Lim (2012) where this quality is visible. This is not apparent in any specimen of M. ekeikei. Genitalia also differentiate M. ekeikei from M. corbetti. Proportionally, the saccus of M. ekeikei is wider and longer than in M. corbetti, the vinculum of M. ekeikei is also broader, and the tegumen shorter with the apex blunter than in M. corbetti.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. (Figs 2 C – F; 3 B, F – G). Eye index: 0.92. Forewing Length: 13 – 15 mm. Wingspan 27 – 29 mm. Head. Antennae brown, bipectinate, 22 – 25 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere filiform, rami with single row of black scales dorsally, setae laterally and ventrally, rami 7 x width of flagellomere at widest point. Frons and vertex brown piliform scales. Thorax. Densely clothed with brown piliform scales on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Scales with weak purple iridescent quality when viewed at angle under bright white light. Legs brown, distal half of tarsi light brown. Foreleg with elongate epiphysis on proximal 1 / 3 rd of tibia; tarsi with apical spurs on tarsomeres. Forewing broad, triangular; costa nearly straight, convex toward pointed apex; termen slightly convex, sometimes with subtle concavity at CuA 2, inner margin concave sub-medially. Hindwing costa convex; apex rounded, termen subtly convex, inner margin convex after An 3. Wing venation typical; forewing with four Rs veins, three M veins with M 2 and M 3 stalked; Hindwing with M 2 and M 3 stalked, three An veins. Fore- and hindwing dorsal colour cinnamon brown. Hindwing with area between costa and R 2 khaki brown from basal area to apex, inner margin with dark brown piliform scales. Both fore- and hindwings dark cinnamon brown ventrally, dark brown fringe scales and lighter brown in area between inner margin up to and just beyond vein An + CuP, from basal area to middle. Wings with faint iridescent purple quality when viewed at lateral angle. Wing ground scales oval, pointed apex, medial ridge. Fringe scales broad, with four to five points, gaps between points very shallow on forewing but deep on hindwings. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally brown, piliform scales attached to transparent membrane posterior and lateral to otherwise naked but highly sclerotised sternites and tergites. Genitalia. (Fig. 3 B). Saccus narrow, elongate, drawn to a point at apex, greater than ½ total length of genitalia complex, rest of vinculum flared laterally, with medial depression. Tegumen sclerotised laterally, concave, fused with vinculum, posteriorly broad, postero-lateral corners straight, blunt apex, setose on dorsal aspect. Valva elongate; apex bifurcate to two lobes, ventral lobe shorter than dorsal, recurved, with three to four short spines at apex; dorsal lobe broader, longer, rounded, setose dorsally; inner margin weakly convex, setose dorsally; basal costal lobe broad, sub-triangular, depressed medially. Phallus very long, greater than entire length of genitalia; sinuate, ductus ejaculatorius smooth, and vesica sub-triangular at phallus apex, densely covered with numerous long, highly sclerotised cornuti over entire length. Female and immature stages are described in Hӓttenschwiler et al. (2013).	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The larval biology of Mahasena ekeikei has been briefly described and illustrated by Hӓttenschwiler et al. (2013), under the name Mahasena corbetti. The larval bags (Fig. 2 F) are usually 35 – 50 mm long in males, and 60 – 80 mm for females, and as for all known Mahasena, are irregularly adorned with a diverse range of foliage fragments, though occasionally produce bags almost devoid of material (Hӓttenschwiler et al. 2013). Natural hostplants remain unrecorded, but both Hӓttenschwiler et al. (2013) and Kumar (2001) list the oil palm Elaeis guineensis as a host in plantation settings, where the species can have serious impacts. Hӓttenschwiler et al. (2013) remarked that the larvae have “ a wide food plant spectrum ” (pg. 247) suggesting a degree of polyphagy, but they do not specifically list any associated hostplants. The psychid bag illustrated in Kumar (2001: pg. 221, Fig. 11.4) labelled as a Lomera sp. bares a strong resemblance to the bags constructed by Mahasena ekeikei and is attributed to this species and not Lomera, which do not occur outside of Australia. Room (1980) refers to Plutorectis (a synonym of Lomera), as a plantation pest from New Guinea, but this again likely refers to Mahasena ekeikei. The flight period is primarily April – June, though specimens from outside this period are known. Males appear to be nocturnal and are collected at light at night. Females produce between 1000 – 3000 eggs, with egg duration just over two weeks, larval duration 12 – 17 weeks, and pupal duration 3 – 4 weeks (Hӓttenschwiler et al. 2013). Habitat. The collection localities for this species principally correlate with lowland tropical rainforest in an elevational range from sea level to 760 meters. Mahasena ekeikei also occurs within agricultural areas such as oil palm plantations that are surrounded by natural forest or mixed use areas, especially in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea (Kumar 2001, Hӓttenschwiler et al. 2013).	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mahasena ekeikei is widespread across Papua New Guinea, from Kiunga (Western Province), the Torricelli Mountains (Sandaun Province), Maprik (East Sepik Province) Gabumi (Madang Province), Woodlark Island, Misima Island, Normanby Island, and as far east as Rossel Island (all within the Milne Bay Province), Lorengau (Manus Province) as well as from the Bismark Archipelago from Togulo and Bebere Plantations (West New Britain Province). The type specimen is from Ekeikei, Papua New Guinea, an uncertain locality. The species may be widespread in West Papua, Indonesia, but is currently known only from Kota Nica and Merauke, coastal localities in the extreme north and south, respectively. Mahasena ekeikei is the only species of Mahasena currently known from New Guinea and the Bismark Archipelago. Kamarudin et al. (1994), and Hӓttenschwiler et al. (2013) refer to specimens from the Solomon Islands and from Samoa but these are unknown to us and so are treated simply as Mahasena sp. pending examination.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E2E6004FF77F2DC929CFDC5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Due to the synonymy of the genus Claniades with Mahasena, we transfer this species accordingly to Mahasena, and clearly diagnose it with respect to M. corbetti and M. inornata sp. nov., the only similar species. The holotype of M. corbetti is from Tapah, Peninsula Malaysia, and sequenced specimens from this region differ significantly by way of COI barcode (Fig. 1). It is due to this, and the morphological differences outlined in the Diagnosis that we choose to retain M. ekeikei as a valid species. This species is commonly called the Rough Bagworm in New Guinea (Kumar 2001; Hӓttenschwiler et al. 2013).	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216004FF77F317965EFB2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Mahasena albipes Moore 1877, by original designation. = Eumetisa Sonan, 1935: pg. 452, 454. Junior subjective synonym (Sugimoto & Saigusa 2001). Type species: Acanthopsyche (Eumetisa) taiwana Sonan, 1935, by original designation.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216004FF77F317965EFB2B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A modern redescription and revision of this genus was provided in detail by Sugimoto & Saigusa (2001). They recognised the comparatively elongate and slender valvae of Manatha as an autapomorphic characteristic among the Oiketicinae. All moths recognised within this genus share many other more generalised characteristics such as broad wings, small size (14 – 20 mm wingspan), ventral valva process with two teeth, larvae with conical, weakly adorned bags. Many genera of the Oiketicinae are poorly diagnosed, with the strongest modern support of monophyly apparent from ongoing phylogenetic analysis. The similar and related genus Mahasena is comprised of physically larger species which have a distinctive vinculum with a lateral flare before the saccus. One life history detail shared by Manatha and Mahasena is that the larvae of both genera often affix the head capsule of the exuviae to the anterior aperture / collar of the larval bag, to the exclusion of other Oiketicinae. A defining life history characteristic unique to Manatha is that the penultimate larval exuviae is inflated and attached ‘ headfirst’ to the posterior aperture of the larval bag during the final pre-pupal larval instar and ultimately through pupation. The purpose of this is unclear but it is perhaps a decoy utilised in predator avoidance.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	description	(Figs 4 A – B, D – F)	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. ♂ ‘ Iron Range, Q. 13 Apr 1964, I. F. B. Common, & M. S. Upton’, ‘ Manatha prolixa, Genitalia prep. no. EPB- 239, ANIC NULS 752877 ’, ‘ ANIC Database no. 31 - 084642 ’. In ANIC. Type locality: Kutini-Payamu (Iron Range) National Park, Queensland, Australia.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Manatha prolixa sp. nov. is unique among Manatha species in that the genitalia are overall very long, with a distinctly narrow, drawn-out saccus and with the general shape and size of the genitalia almost twice that of the other Manatha species (see Fig. 4 for comparison with M. conglacia (Fig. 4 C, G )). Both M. albipes and M. taiwana (Poorani et al. 2021: fig. 7, Sugimoto & Saigusa 2001: figs. 23 – 29) have the saccus significantly broader and shorter. The phallus of M. prolixa sp. nov. is roughly the same length as the genitalia complex, while in M. albipes and M. taiwana it is shorter than the overall length of the genitalia. The male genitalia of M. prolixa sp. nov. are more distinctive in this way than that of M. albipes, M. conglacia and M. taiwana, the three of which appear more similar to each other. Compared with the number of differences in the genitalia, there are fewer wing-pattern element differences, with the exception that M. albipes has a chevron of dark brown scales at the forewing discal cell, which M. prolixa sp. nov. lacks, with the forewing being overall concolorous in this species. The forewing of M. taiwana is concolorous, however in that species it is distinctly black, and unlike M. prolixa sp. nov., that has lighter mid cinnamon-brown scales with a semi-reflective quality. In wing morphology, M. prolixa sp. nov. is very similar to M. conglacia, though that species is a darker brown with a lessened reflective quality. A clearer difference between these two similar species exists in the morphology of the dorsal forewing ground cover scales. In M. prolixa sp. nov. these are almost diamond shaped, with a tapering apex, whereas in M. conglacia they are broad with a weakly tri-lobed or trifurcate apex. Although the genitalia of the north-eastern Indian species M. scotopepla was unavailable for direct comparison, it is apparent that this species is more similar to M. albipes than to either M. conglacia or M. prolixa sp. nov. (i. e., see Sugimoto & Saigusa 2001). From what can be understood of the recorded wing morphology, the hindwing of M. scotopepla is distinctly smaller, and the forewing of that species more rounded than in M. prolixa sp. nov., as determined via the illustration provided by Dierl (1972). Furthermore, a non-invasive examination of the type specimen of M. scotopepla in the NHMUK revealed that the species is smaller, with a forewing length of 6.5 mm compared with the larger 10 mm forewing of M. prolixa sp. nov., and that the antennae of the two species differ by rami length, which in M. scotopepla are 12 x the length of the flagellum whereas in M. prolixa sp. nov. the rami are shorter, only 8 x the width. From these differences we can be confident that the two species are not similar.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	description	Description. Male. (Figs 4 A – B, D – F). Eye index: 1.03. Forewing length: 10 mm, expanse 20 mm. Head. Antennae short, approx. 1 / 6 th length of forewing, brown, bipectinate, 18 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere filiform, rami with single row of light brown scales dorsally, rami 8 x width of flagellomere at widest point. Frons naked, and vertex with brown piliform scales. Thorax. Vestiture comprised of mid brown piliform scales on dorsal and ventral aspect. Scales with distinct reflective golden quality, with dark purple lustre apparent when viewed at lateral angle under direct bright white light. Legs with femur and tibia dark brown, tarsi bright white. Dorsal surface of all tibiae and tarsi with elongate tuft of piliform scales. Foreleg with elongate epiphysis on proximal 1 / 3 rd of tibia; tarsi with apical spurs on tarsomeres. Forewing broad, strongly triangular; costa nearly straight, convex toward blunt apex; termen straight, inner margin straight. Hindwing costa convex; apex blunt, termen subtly convex, margin convex. Wing venation unremarkable, similar to M. conglacia. Fore- and hindwing dorsal and ventral colour mid cinnamon brown, hindwing basal area and inner margin lighter brown. Wings with faint reflective golden quality under direct bright light, with faint purple lustre when viewed at lateral angle, particularly ventral surface. Wing ground scales diamond-shaped with pointed apex, interspersed with piliform scales over much of hindwing, particularly in basal and inner margin areas. Fringe scales broad with three points at apex. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally dark brown, pleura membranous, covered with piliform scales, tergites and sternites naked. Genitalia. (Fig. Figs 4 D – F). Saccus elongate, narrow, finely drawn to a point at apex, approx. just less than ½ total length of genitalia complex, remainder of vinculum and tegumen fused, laterally sclerotised. Tegumen elongate, laterally weakly convex towards pointed, bifurcate apex, setose on dorsal aspect. Valva elongate; apex bifurcate to two lobes, ventral lobe shorter than dorsal, recurved, with two short spines at apex; dorsal lobe broader, longer, rounded, setose dorsally; lateral valva margins weakly convex, setose dorsally; basal costal lobe pronounced, sub-ovoid, flattened, with many spinules. Phallus very long, equal to entire length of genitalia; weakly sinuate, ductus ejaculatorius smooth, and vesica sub-triangular at phallus apex.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The term prolixa, Latin, meaning elongate or extensive, is used in reference to the proportions of the genitalia which are unique to this species. Treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The holotype was collected in mid-April, probably at light, though the details and timing of this are unknown, as are all other aspects of the species’ life history and biology. Habitat. Tropical lowland rainforest is the predominant environment present at the type locality.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Kutini-Payamu (Iron Range), on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
03E46F035E216006FF77F43496ACF865.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Some uncertainty always exists in certain diagnostic differences between species when only a single specimen is available for taxonomic study. However, given the number of differences presented by the new species and the degree by which it differs from the others in the genus, including by DNA sequence data, there is no doubt as to the determination of this specimen as a representative of a distinctive new species. More work is required to determine the extent of distribution of Manatha prolixa sp. nov. in northern Australia, and to elucidate all aspects of their life history. The bags of Manatha species are distinctive by their small size and weak foliage adornment or lateral ribs, and so targeting and rearing small Psychidae larvae in the tropics that match this description would be a key way to systematically obtain more data for this and similar sized taxa that are poorly understood. If the larval life history of this species is similar to others in this genus, one would expect the larvae to be multivoltine, and broadly polyphagous. Despite extensive collecting of moths in Kutini-Payamu and nearby areas by entomologists, particularly over the past fifty years, it is curious that only a single specimen of this species has been collected. Part of the reason for this could be that the species is usually crepuscular or has a highly specific vespertine or matutinal flight time, or that they usually experience negative phototaxis and so are rarely or never collected at lights. Despite recent life history research on Manatha, diel activity of the adult males has never been recorded.	en	Beaver, Ethan P., Zwick, Andreas (2025): Two genera newly recorded from Australia: Mahasena Moore and Manatha Moore (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Oiketicinae), each with a new species. Zootaxa 5711 (4): 563-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.4.6
