identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E587DBFF97FFD1FE730BCEFB9CF865.text	03E587DBFF97FFD1FE730BCEFB9CF865.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoseiidae (Chant and McMurtry 2007)	<div><p>Domination of Phytoseiidae on Dittrichia species</p> <p>The most abundant family observed on Dittrichia species was Phytoseiidae with four species representing about 86% of total collected mite specimens. Typhloseiella isotricha (Athias-Henriot) was the dominant species with about 73% and 85% of total collected mite specimens and total collected phytoseiids, respectively (Figure 1). This species was collected from D. viscosa in 16 locations and from D. graveolens in one location (Table 2). It was found in association with the phytophagous mite, B. obovatus, B. rotai and Tetranychus sp. It has been already reported on D. viscosa in Latakia governorate, Syria (Barbar, 2016) and was exclusively found on D. viscosa worldwide (Demite et al. 2022).</p> <p>Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) rhenanus (Oudemans) was relatively abundant. All specimens of this species were collected from D. viscosa in nine locations in Tartous governorate (Table 2). These specimens represent 11% and 15% of total collected mite specimens and total collected phytoseiids, respectively (Figure 1). This is the first record of this predator on D. viscosa in the world (Demite et al. 2022). It was found in association with the phytophagous mite B. obovatus in the present study and it has been already reported on various herbaceous, shrub and arboreal plants in Syria (Barbar and Negm, 2022). Other phytoseiid species were sporadic and its presence on Dittrichia seems to be accidental.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587DBFF97FFD1FE730BCEFB9CF865	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	EbrahimK, Walaa;BarbarK, Ziad	EbrahimK, Walaa, BarbarK, Ziad (2023): Mite fauna on Dittrichia species (Asteraceae) in Syrian costal region: new records and primary observations on the behavior of Typhloseiella isotricha (Athias-Henriot) (Meostigmata: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia 63 (2): 529-538, DOI: 10.24349/ma1r-1i1n, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/ma1r-1i1n
03E587DBFF95FFD2FE730AA2FB16FAEE.text	03E587DBFF95FFD2FE730AA2FB16FAEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coleosporium inulae	<div><p>Coleosporium inulae seems as eventual source of alimentation of T.</p> <p>isotricha</p> <p>Typhloseiella isotricha was observed on D. viscosa near or close to the opened spots of rust</p> <p>(Figure 2). The highest density of this predator was observed on big leaves (mean ± SE mites per leaf: 2.13 ± 0.31) (Figure 3) having high density of rust spots (3.30 ± 0.24 spot per leaf).</p> <p>It was significantly different from big leaves without rust spots (0.13 ± 0.06 mites/leaf) H (=</p> <p>61.1; df = 1; P &lt;0.001), but also from small leaves with low density of rust spots (0.13 ± 0.07)</p> <p>(0.08 ± 0.04 mites/leaf) (H = 57.8; df = 1; P &lt;0.001). No significant differences were recorded between small leaves with rust and big leaves without rust H (= 3.5; df = 1; P &lt;1.00).</p> <p>The distribution of T. isotricha on different groups of D. viscosa leaves follows a negative binomial distribution and very similar to this of rust spots (Figure 4). The value of the index of aggregation (I = 2.9; S 2 = 2.226 and m = 0.77) is&gt; 1, and the k exponent of the negative binomial distribution k (= 0.41) suggests a highly aggregate distribution. Moreover, the presence of rust spots on leaves of D. viscosa seems a significant predictor of the number of T. isotricha on this plant. Actually, the coefficient estimate “B” = 0.752, SE = 0.01, P &lt;0.001 and the incidence rate ratio, Exp (B) = 2.12, indicates that for every one unit increase on the predictor (rust spots),</p> <p>the number of T. isotricha increases by a percent of 21.2%.</p> <p>These results seem to show that T. isotricha prefers big leaves of D. viscosa that are highly infested by the rust spots of C. inulae. These results suggest that rust spores could be a potential food source for T. isotricha. The presence of all developmental stages of this predator on leaves infected by the rust and, the absence of other sources of feeding such as phytophagous mites on examined leaves would indicate that the predator could feed, survive, develop and probably reproduce on rust spores. As already reported, several phytoseiid species have the ability to feed on fungi: Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant), for example,</p> <p>could survive, develop and oviposit on grape downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. &amp;</p> <p>Curtis) Berlese &amp; De Toni (Pozzebon and Duso, 2008) and Ricoseius loxocheles (De Leon)</p> <p>can feed and develop successfully when feeding exclusively on coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix</p> <p>Berk. &amp; Broome (Oliveira, 2012). Therefore, experiments under laboratory conditions should be carried out in order to clarify the biology and to test the predation ability and feeding habits of T. isotricha on different preys and sources of alimentation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587DBFF95FFD2FE730AA2FB16FAEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	EbrahimK, Walaa;BarbarK, Ziad	EbrahimK, Walaa, BarbarK, Ziad (2023): Mite fauna on Dittrichia species (Asteraceae) in Syrian costal region: new records and primary observations on the behavior of Typhloseiella isotricha (Athias-Henriot) (Meostigmata: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia 63 (2): 529-538, DOI: 10.24349/ma1r-1i1n, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/ma1r-1i1n
