identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3.text	03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris Stal	<div><p>Genus Limnocoris Stål</p><p>Limnocoris Stål, 1860: 83 .</p><p>Borborocoris Stål, 1861: 202 (synonymized by Montandon 1897: 2–3).</p><p>Usingerina La Rivers, 1950: 368 (synonymized by Sites &amp; Willig 1994: 810).</p><p>Sattleriella De Carlo, 1966: 111–112 (synonymized by Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 265).</p><p>Type species: Limnocoris insignis Stål, 1860, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. The general body shape is rounded to oval, with well-developed meso- and metasternal carinae on the midline (Figs. 2 A–D). The anterior margin of the pronotum is almost straight between the eyes (Fig. 3A). A male accessory genitalic process of tergum VI is usually present (but never as developed as in Ambrysus) and the male medial lobes of tergum VIII (pseudoparameres) are small, narrow, and asymmetrical (Fig. 6B).</p><p>Discussion. Limnocoris was established by Stål (1860) to include a single species collected at Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, named by him as L. insignis . Subsequently, Stål (1861) described the genus Borborocoris to accommodate a single species, B. pallescens Stål, 1861, collected in Colombia. In his study of the Hemiptera from Mexico, Stål (1862) transferred Naucoris profunda Say, 1831 to Borborocoris, in addition to correcting its specific epithet. In the following decade, Stål (1876) proposed the division Limnocoraria to include those two genera described by him ( Limnocoris and Borborocoris) and transferred B. profundus to Limnocoris . In the next year, Lethierry (1877) described Borborocoris volxemi (incorrectly named Borbocoris) based on material from Portugal. Given that the distribution of Limnocorinae is otherwise exclusively New World, doubts remained about the identity of the Portugal species. Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno (1909: 184) had already mentioned that the record for Portugal is wrong and that this species is from South America. This was recently resolved when Nieser et al. (2013) found the type series and recognized that specimens collected in Brazil had become mixed with samples from Portugal.</p><p>Montandon (1897) elevated to subfamily status the division proposed by Stål (1876), naming it Limnocorinae . In that contribution, he presented the first revision of the genus, proposing Borborocoris as a junior synonym of Limnocoris, in addition to the descriptions of nine species. The following year, Montandon (1898) published another study describing six more species. With the exception of isolated species descriptions (Champion 1901; Montandon 1900, 1910, 1911; Poisson 1954), the genus was studied systematically again 40 years later, beginning with the studies published by De Carlo (1941, 1951, 1966, 1967) and La Rivers (1950, 1957, 1962, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974). These two researchers were the predominant specialists of the fauna of Naucoridae of the Americas in the period from 1941–1974. Specifically for Limnocorinae, they described 39 species (including those that are now considered junior synonyms). In these studies, two other monotypic genera were described within Limnocorinae, Usingerina La Rivers, 1950 and Sattleriella De Carlo, 1966, from the the United States and southern Brazil, respectively. After this period, the primary studies were those of Roback &amp; Nieser (1974), Nieser (1975), Nieser et al. (1993), and Manzano et al. (1995), in which eight more species were described.</p><p>Until the 1990s, most of the species descriptions of Limnocoris were published in isolated works, without standardization of terminology or characters used in the diagnosis, which generated difficulties in identifying the species. Sites &amp; Willig (1994), in agreement with the arguments offered by De Carlo (1966), pointed out that Usingerina moapensis La Rivers was only a species of Limnocoris with specific modifications for existence in a thermally-influenced stream, and formalized the synonymy of Usingerina with Limnocoris .</p><p>At the beginning of the 21st century, Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001) published a major reference on the study of Limnocoris, in which they reviewed 28 species occurring in southern South America east of the Andes, in addition to including a catalog of all species with institutional depositories for the primary types. In that study, they provided electron micrographs of the mesosternal carina of most of the studied species, solving some taxonomic questions generated by previous authors.Among the nomenclatural acts proposed in that study was the synonymy of the genus Sattleriella with Limnocoris; the authors used the same argument by Sites &amp; Willig (1994), claiming S. siolii was simply a species of Limnocoris with specific modifications.</p><p>Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001) also proposed for the first time the division of the genus into two groups of species: insignis and maculiceps. This division was based on hemelytral shape: species of the insignis group exhibited the lateral margin of the wing posterior to the embolium strongly curved, exposing a wide part of the abdominal terga; whereas in the maculiceps group the species did not present the lateral margin strongly curved, leaving exposed only a narrow part of the abdominal terga. In those two species groups, the authors included the species occuring in southern South America east of the Andes, but did not specify to which group the other species of Limnocoris belonged. Because the divisions are based on only one character, which is variable in some species, we do not follow the division distinction in the present study.</p><p>Natural history. The naucorids, also known as saucer bugs or creeping water bugs, live in a variety of aquatic environments from standing waters, such as ponds and lakes, to torrential waters. Limnocoris usually occurs in shallow streams where the substrate is mainly composed of gravel and/or sand and specimens are frequently associated with leaf packs or roots of riparian vegetation. It is common to collect more than one species of the genus in the same locality; in these cases, it is easy to determine how the species partition the habitat after a modicum of sampling. They rarely fly and are not attracted to lights; thus, collection at a light trap or flight interception trap is ineffective for the collection of these insects. The most effective method to collect Limnocoris is actively searching using an aquatic insect net, or other insect net adapted for use in water.</p><p>Wing polymorphism. Pterypolymorphism is common in many families of Heteroptera, and in Naucoridae Limnocoris is no exception. The forewing usually does not differ in size; variation in this wing is associated with the presence or absence of the claval suture, the posterior suture of the embolium, and the reduction or non-reduction of the membrane. Two species occurring in southeastern Brazil, L. acutalis La Rivers, 1974 and L. siolii, have the forewing distinctly reduced in some specimens, leaving the posterior abdominal terga exposed. The hindwing usually has more variation of size and can be distinctly reduced, not exceeding abdominal tergum II, although the most common condition is that the wing does not exceed tergum IV. Although Schuh &amp; Slater (1995) described five types of wing conditions in Nepomorpha, researchers of aquatic Heteroptera (e.g., Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001) generally characterize specimens as brachypterous or macropterous based on the development of the hindwing. Brachypterous specimens have the hindwing reduced (with different degrees of reduction), whereas macropterous specimens have the hindwing fully developed. In brachypterous forms, the claval suture is absent or underdeveloped (e.g., Figs. 3A, 17A), but in some specimens it may be evident (e.g., Fig. 9A). Thus, in some taxa, in order to know if the specimen is brachypterous or macropterous, it is necessary to raise the forewing to observe the size of the hindwing. In macropterous specimens, the claval suture is always well-developed. In some species, the forms of the posterolateral corner of the pronotum and the lateral margin of the embolium (Figs. 3A, 3C, 9A, 9C, 17A, 17C), in addition to body size, are directly associated with the development of the hindwings. Some researchers have described conspecific brachypterous and macropterous specimens as distinct species. Therefore, documenting this variation is important to avoid misidentification.</p><p>Putative synapomorphies. After the study of all described species of Limnocoris, we were able to recognize characters that remain intraspecifically constant that were not mentioned in the literature by previous authors. Except for those of the 6th and 7th abdominal terga, and terminalia, all the characters have the same state in males and females. Usually, these characters also have the same state in morphologically similar species, which suggests they can be informative at a more comprehensive level (i.e., species groups or complexes). In the head, the anterior region of the maxillary plate can be tumescent or flat. In all species from North America, the maxillary plate is tumescent. A flat maxillary plate occurs in some species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (e.g., L. abbreviatus La Rivers, 1974, L. insignis, L. sattleri De Carlo, 1966, L. submontandoni La Rivers, 1974). The antenna has four segments: scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. The flagellomeres may or may not be partially fused.</p><p>The propleuron has different patterns of the pubescent area and no intraspecific variation was observed in that condition. The pubescence may (Figs. 1 A–C) or may not be extended posteriorly (Fig. 1D); when extended, it may extend posteriorly beyond halfway along the entire length of the lateral margin (Figs. 1 A–B), or be only slightly extended, equal to or less than halfway along the lateral margin (Fig. 1C). The posterior margin of the propleuron can be almost straight (Fig. 1A), convex (Figs. 1 B–D), or concave. This latter state is present only in species of the L. insignis group sensu Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001). The region between the mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum may (Fig. 2C) or may not (Fig. 2D) have a longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. The presence of these setae on the mesosternum is correlated with the presence of three other characters: (1) sinuous row of elongate golden setae on the posterior region of the metapleuron and abdominal sternum II (Fig. 1H), (2) elongate golden setae generally dispersed mainly on segments III–V [in addition to the typical pubescence that covers most of the abdominal sterna] (Fig. 2H), and (3) a tuft of golden setae on the lateral margin of the female subgenital plate (=mediosternite VII) (Fig. 2H). Sternum II may also exhibit a rounded (Fig. 1F) or irregular (Fig. 1G) patch of golden setae. In some species, most of these setae may be absent (Fig. 1E).</p><p>The male accessory genitalic process of tergum VI is usually present, but is not well developed and its shape does not differ greatly among species; it is absent in species of the L. insignis group sensu Nieser &amp; López-Ruf (2001). The lateral and mesal margins of the lateral lobe of male tergum VI can be curved (Fig. 6A) or subparallel (Figs. 6C, E). The posterior margin of male mediotergite VII varies among species and can form small rounded lobes (lateral and/or medial) (Figs. 6A, 10A, 10C), be almost straight (Fig. 10E), or broadly convex (Fig. 6C). The medial lobes of male tergum VIII (=pseudoparameres) have a more homogeneous shape among species, although the apex of the left lobe may (e.g., Figs. 6B, 6D, 6F, 10B) or may not be angled laterally (Figs. 10D, F). These characters, together with those already presented by other authors, should be explored in a phylogenetic context, in order to corroborate or refute these hypotheses of homology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E93EFFB2FF61F3ABFD485EB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E938FFB3FF61F16FFA295E1D.text	03E58815E938FFB3FF61F16FFA295E1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris Stål 1860	<div><p>Key to the species of Limnocoris of North America</p><p>1. Embolium with lateral margin prolonged into a long and curved spine; hemelytral membrane distinctly reduced (Fig. 11A).......................................................................... Limnocoris moapensis (La Rivers)</p><p>1’. Embolium with lateral margin convex, not prolonged into a long and curved spine; hemelytral membrane developed (e.g., Figs. 3A, C).............................................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Posterior margin of propleuron shallowly convex at mid-length (Figs. 1 B–D); mesosternum with longitudinal row of golden setae (Fig. 2C); abdominal sterna with dispersed elongate golden setae (Fig. 2H); lateral margin of female subgenital plate with elongate golden setae (Fig. 2H).......................................................................... 3</p><p>2’. Posterior margin of propleuron straight (Fig. 1A); mesosternum without longitudinal row of golden setae (Fig. 2D); abdominal sterna without dispersed elongate setae (e.g, Fig. 2G); lateral margin of female subgenital plate without elongate golden setae (e.g., Fig. 2G)....................................................................................... 10</p><p>3. Posterolateral corners of abdominal segments III–V produced posteriorly, spinose (Fig. 2E); body length ≥ 9.20 mm ...... 4</p><p>3’. Posterolateral corners of abdominal segments III–V not produced posteriorly, narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose (Fig. 2F); body length &lt;9.20 mm ........................................................................ 5</p><p>4. Pubescent area of propleuron extended posteriorly to approximately halfway along lateral margin (Fig. 1C); fossa of mesosternal carina shallow (Fig. 17D).................................................. Limnocoris virescens Montandon</p><p>4’. Pubescent area of propleuron not extended posteriorly along lateral margin (as in Fig. 1D); fossa of mesosternal carina deep (Fig. 9D).......................................................................... Limnocoris major n. sp.</p><p>5. Mesosternal carina with elongate golden setae on lateral margin; fossa shallow, elongate, and narrow (Figs. 3D, F).................................................................................. Limnocoris chaetocarinatus n. sp.</p><p>5’. Mesosternal carina without elongate setae on lateral margin; fossa not as above (e.g., Figs. 4C, 4E, 13C, 13E)............ 6</p><p>6. Pubescent area of propleuron not extended posteriorly on lateral margin (as in Fig. 1D); fossa of mesosternal carina deep, elliptical, sometimes with subtle angles at greatest width (Figs. 13C, E); female subgenital plate with posterior margin evenly convex (Fig. 13D)........................................................... Limnocoris panamensis La Rivers</p><p>6’. Pubescent area of propleuron distinctly extended posteriorly on lateral margin (Fig. 1B); fossa of mesosternal carina shallow and semicircular (Fig. 4C) or fossa obscured by lateral margins touching at midline (Figs. 5C, 15D, 16 D–E); female subgenital plate with posterior margin tapering posteriorly (Figs. 4D, 5D, 15E, 16G)......................................... 7</p><p>7. Distal margin of labrum bluntly pointed (Fig. 16F); mesosternal carina without excavation posterior to fossa in lateral view (Figs. 16H)................................................................. Limnocoris signoreti Montandon</p><p>7’. Distal margin of labrum distinctly acuminate (Figs. 4C, 5C, 15D); mesosternal carina with small excavation posterior to fossa in lateral view (Figs. 2A, 4E, 5E)......................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Fossa of mesosternal carina with lateral margins generally touching each other at middle, leaving a wide, circular or subtriangular posterior opening and small separation anteriorly (Fig. 4C); lateral lobe of male tergum VIII with lateral margin shallowly concave in anterior half (Fig. 6D); posterior margin of male sternum VIII with medial notch (as in Fig. 18B).......................................................................................... Limnocoris hintoni La Rivers</p><p>8’. Fossa of mesosternal carina with lateral margins touching each other along most of its length, leaving only a small opening at anterior and posterior ends (Figs. 5C, 15D); lateral lobe of male tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half (Figs. 6F, 19B); posterior margin of male sternum VIII without medial notch........................................... 9</p><p>9. Body color usually brown to dark brown; hemelytral membrane without pale spot medially (Fig. 5A)............................................................................................ Limnocoris inornatus Montandon</p><p>9’. Body color usually light brown to yellowish; hemelytral membrane with pale spot medially (Figs. 15A, C)......................................................................................... Limnocoris pygmaeus La Rivers</p><p>10. Mesosternal carina with median projection (Figs. 2B, 18E); fossa with small aperture anteriorly (Figs. 2D, 18C); posterior margin of male sternum VIII with medial notch (Fig. 18B).................................. Limnocoris zacki n. sp.</p><p>10’. Mesosternal carina without median projection (Figs. 7 F–G, 8E, 12E); fossa without anterior aperture (Figs. 7D, 8C, 12C); posterior margin of male sternum VIII without medial notch.................................................. 11</p><p>11. Mesosternal carina with anterior projection well-developed, almost at same level of fossa (Fig. 12E); fossa elongate, with lateral margins convergent and meeting posteriorly but open ended anteriorly; anterior ridge entering open anterior end of fossa; ridge with fine longitudinal sulcus on midline (Fig. 12E).................................... Limnocoris nanus n. sp.</p><p>11’. Mesosternal carina with anterior projection lower than fossa (Figs. 7 F–G, 8E); fossa not open anteriorly, ranging from rounded to subtriangular; ridge without sulcus (Figs. 7D, 8C)........................................................ 12</p><p>12. Region between anterior projection and fossa of mesosternal carina almost straight or slightly sinuate in lateral view, and angled dorsoventrally ~20 degrees from the long body axis (Figs. 7 F–G); antennal flagellomeres not partially fused; apex of left medial lobe of male tergum VIII distinctly angled laterally (Fig. 10B).......................... Limnocoris insularis Champion</p><p>12’ Region between anterior projection and fossa of mesosternal carina concave in lateral view, and angled dorsoventrally ~70 degrees from the long body axis (Fig. 8E); antennal flagellomeres partially fused; apex of left medial lobe of male tergum VIII slightly angled laterally (Fig. 10D)................................................... Limnocoris lutzi La Rivers</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E938FFB3FF61F16FFA295E1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E939FFBFFF61F152FAC85CAB.text	03E58815E939FFBFFF61F152FAC85CAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris chaetocarinatus Rodrigues & Sites 2019	<div><p>Limnocoris chaetocarinatus Rodrigues &amp; Sites NEW SPECIES</p><p>(Figs. 1D, 3, 6 A–B, 20A)</p><p>Description. Female. hindwings brachypterous. HOLOTYPE, length 7.52; maximum width 5.36. Paratypes (n = 9), length 7.20–7.92 (mean = 7.48); maximum width 5.20–5.84 (mean = 5.44). General shape rounded to oval; widest across posterior region of embolia. Overall dorsal coloration light brown, mottled on head, pronotum and corium; hemelytral membrane dark brown. Dorsal surface with fine granulations and punctate throughout. Ventral coloration brownish.</p><p>Head. Head length 1.20; maximum width 2.48. Mostly brownish with brown median markings becoming wider posteriorly, punctate. Synthlipsis 1.24; thin band of cuticle along anterolateral margin of eye; eyes not raised above level of vertex or pronotum. Anterior margin between eyes shallowly convex, extending anteriorly 13% of head length; posterior margin between eyes not extending posteriorly. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Labrum pentagonal, width 1.1× length, distolateral margins converging to apex (Fig. 3D). Labium with three visible yellowish brown segments, extending 0.44 beyond labrum not including extruded stylets. Antenna 4-segmented, length 0.64; not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel subquadrate; flagellomeres slender, with long setae, not partially fused. Posteroventral margin of head swollen, but without postgenal tubercle.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum ground color light brown; major brown markings on rectangular area behind eyes; other smaller brown markings near mid-lateral area; slight transverse sulcus marking anterior border of transverse band in posterior 1/4; anterior margin straight between eyes; lateral margins convergent anteriorly, evenly convex; posterior margin almost straight, shallowly concave medially; posterolateral corner roundedly acute (Fig. 3A); greatest width 3.3× length at midline; length at midline 1.44; maximum width at posterolateral corners 4.80. Prothorax ventrally brownish. Propleura with pubescent area not extended posteriorly on lateral margin (Fig. 1D); elongate golden setae concentrated near proacetabulum; posterior margin convex at mid-length (Fig. 1D); posteromesal corner near prosternellum slightly deflexed ventrally. Median carina of probasisternum with a bifid tubercle anteriorly in lateral view. Scutellum triangular, punctate, and tuberculate; dark brown, lighter on anterolateral corners; width 2.72, length 1.24. Hemelytra length 5.52 (chord measurement), punctate and tuberculate, brown to light brown, small dark brown markings throughout, dark brown along costal margin to membrane. Membrane dark brown and mottled. Embolium greatest width 0.74, lateral margin convex, light brown in anterior 3/4 and slightly darker posteriorly. Hindwings reduced. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Fig. 3D). Mesosternal carina with anterior projection developed; lateral margin of carina with dense tuft of elongate golden setae; fossa narrow, shallow, and elongate. Metasternal carina narrow and elongated, acuminate posteriorly, excavated on posterior margin in lateral view (Fig. 3F). Metapleuron covered with elongated golden setae on posterior region.</p><p>Legs. All legs segments light brown, except blackish distal part of tarsomere III of middle and hind legs. Procoxa with cluster of stout, brown anteromedial spines. Profemur anterior margin with dense pad of setae without associated spines, posterior margin with row of short brown spines along basal half. Protibia and tarsus with occlusal inner surface flattened; tarsus one-segmented, immovable; pretarsal claw single, minute, triangular. Meso- and metacoxae partially recessed into thorax (Fig. 3B). Meso- and metafemora with row of short, brown spines on anterior margin. Meso- and metatibiae with ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsolateral, and dorsomedial rows of stout brownish spines; meso- and metatibiae with two transverse rows of spines distally, one on lateral and another on mesal margins. Meso- and metatibiae and metatarsus with long, pale swimming hairs; hairs profuse on metatibia and -tarsus. Meso- and metapretarsi with paired claws slender, gently curved, with minute basal tooth. Leg lengths as follows: fore leg, femur 1.72, tibia 1.04, tarsus 0.36; middle leg, femur 1.92, tibia 1.28, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.10, 0.28, 0.42; hind leg, femur 2.54, tibia 2.36, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.14, 0.64, 0.66.</p><p>Abdomen. Dorsally with narrow lateral margins of terga III–VIII exposed (Fig. 3A); terga III–VI brown, darker anteriorly; lateral margin serrate; marginal row of short yellow setae and group of trichobothria near posterolateral corners. Posterolateral corners of II (visible ventrally) –V narrowly rounded to right angled and not spinose, VI produced posteriorly, VII–VIII acuminate. Sterna brownish; elongated golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated next to midline of sterna III–V; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae. Subgenital plate width 0.9× length; length at midline 1.16; maximum width 1.08; lateral margins sinuate with concavity in posterior half, with elongate golden setae at mid-length; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 3E).</p><p>Male—hindwing brachypterous. Paratypes (n = 9), length 7.36–8.08 (mean = 7.68); maximum width 5.28– 6.00 (mean = 5.57). Similar to female in general structure and coloration, except as follows: Abdominal tergum VI asymmetrical, with lateral lobe evenly curved; accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin with small notch on left side (Fig. 6A). Posterior margin of mediotergite VII with four rounded lobes; mesal margin of laterotergite VII slightly convex (Fig. 6A). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII shallowly concave in anterior half of lateral margin; medial lobes asymmetrical, left lobe angled laterally at apex, apical margin truncate; right lobe twisted in distal half (Fig. 6B).</p><p>Male—hindwing macropterous. Paratype (n = 1), length 8.16; maximum width 5.52. Similar to brachypterous male in general structure and coloration, except as follows: posterolateral corners of pronotum rounded. Claval and intraclaval sutures of hemelytra distinct (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species presents elongate golden setae on the mesosternal carina that are not present in any other North American species of Limnocoris (Figs. 3D, F). Some specimens that we examined contained debris attached to the setae, hindering the visualization of the character. In addition, L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. can be identified by the following set of characters: distal margin of labrum almost rounded (Fig. 3D); propleuron with the pubescent area not extended posteriorly on lateral margin (Fig. 1D); mesosternal carina elongate, narrow, with subparallel lateral margins (Fig. 3D); and female subgenital plate lateral margins sinuate with the posterior margin rounded. (Fig. 3E).</p><p>Comparative notes. This new species is morphologically similar to L. pallescens . Both species have similar body measurements and shape of the meso- and metasternal carinae. However, in addition to the presence of elongate setae on the mesosternal carina, L. chaetocarinatus n. sp. also differs in the shape of the male lateral lobe of tergum VI, which has the mesal margin evenly curved, whereas it is almost straight in L. pallescens .</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed from northern Costa Rica (Alejuela Province) to northern Colombia (Sucre Department), including the central region of Panama (Coclé and Panama provinces). It is known from elevations of sea level to 781 meters. This is the first species of Naucoridae recorded from both North and South America. We did not perceive any significant morphological differences in populations from both continents; thus, we consider this material to be conspecific.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet chaeto -, latinized form of Greek khaite (=hair, haired) and carinatus, Latin (= keeled, carinate) refers to the elongate golden setae on the mesosternal carina.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE, brachypterous ♀: PANAMA, Panama, Canal Zone, small stream at km. 11 on Pipeline Road, sea level, 5 Jan. 1993, CL2787, J.T. Polhemus (UMC) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype (2♂, 3♀ brachypterous, UMC); same data as holotype but with J.T. Polhemus Collection 2014, C.J. Drake Accession (3♂, 5♀, all brachypterous, USNM) . Coclé, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.59117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.664277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.59117/lat 8.664277)">El Copé National Park</a>, stream, 05–06.VI.2008, 08°39’51. 4”N / 80°35’28.2”W, AS-08-014, A.E.Z. Short (3♂, 1♀, all brachypterous, UMC) ; Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos, Rio Guabal, 750 m, 8/10/2004, pool, coll C. Colón-Gaud (3♂ brachypterous, UMC) ; same locality except 8°40’N, 80°35’W, 11 July 2002, coll A. Ranvestel (2♂ brachypterous, UMC) . COLOMBIA, Sucre, Toluviejo, arroyo Bobo, N 9°33’48.711”, W 75°24’39.621”, altura 32 m, fecha 18/III/2017, collector Wendy Molina-J. (1♂ brachypterous, 3♀ macropterous, MZUSP) . COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Orotina, IV.20.12, Mus. Expd., S. Meck col., Field Mus. Coll. Limnocoris pallescens Stal, det J.T. Polhemus, J.T. Polhemus Collection 2014, C.J. Drake Accession (1♂ bra- chypterous, USNM) ; San Mateo, R. Surubres, alt 250 m, Feb.1905, P. Biolley collector, J.R. de la Torre-Bueno Collection K.U., pusillus Mont?, J.T. Polhemus Collection 2014, C.J. Drake Accession (1♂ macropterous, USNM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E939FFBFFF61F152FAC85CAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E935FFBDFF61F757FAA65A53.text	03E58815E935FFBDFF61F757FAA65A53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris hintoni : La Rivers 1971	<div><p>Limnocoris hintoni La Rivers</p><p>(Figs. 4, 6 C–D, 20A)</p><p>Limnocoris hintoni La Rivers, 1970: 3–4 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris hintoni: La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001 (318: catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. The distal margin of the labrum is distinctly acuminate (Fig. 4C). The mesosternal carina has a small projection between the anterior projection and fossa (Fig. 4E); the fossa is subtriangular, the anterior margin is shallowly concave and the lateral margins converge posteriorly; a small aperture is situated in the anterior region (Fig. 4C); a small notch is posterior to the fossa in lateral view (Fig. 4E). The male mediosternite VIII has a medial notch on the posterior margin (as in Fig. 18B).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females). Body length 7.22–7.92/ 7.60–8.22, body width 5.17–5.65/ 5.40–5.72, synthlipsis 1.30–1.45/ 1.30–1.46, head length 1.20–1.25/ 1.10–1.20, head width 2.43–2.66/ 2.45–2.60, pronotum length at midline 1.45–1.50/ 1.45–1.60, pronotum width 4.30–4.90/ 4.40–4.80, scutellum length 1.15–1.23/ 1.20– 1.40, scutellum width 2.15–2.70/ 2.30–2.80, hemelytra length 5.40–5.90/ 5.60–6.20.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Propleura with pubescent area distinctly extended posteriorly on lateral margin; convex medially; posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Fig. 4C). Metasternal carina with fossa rounded, slightly depressed medially; posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 4E). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated at midline of segments III–VI; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin with small notch on left side; posterior margin of mediotergite VII convex; laterotergite VII with lateral and mesal margins subparallel (Fig. 6C). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII concave in anterior half of lateral margin; left medial lobe angled laterally at apex, distal margin rounded; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 6D). Female: lateral margins of subgenital plate convergent in posterior half, with tuft of elongate golden setae at mid-length; laterosternite VII evenly converging posteriorly (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Variation. In the mesosternal carina, the lateral margins of the fossa can approach either other anteriorly without coming into contact, leaving a narrow elongated separation.</p><p>Comparative notes. This species is morphologically similar to L. inornatus and L. pygmaeus . These species share the color and pubescence patterns of the body, and shape of the distal margin of the labrum and posterior margin of the female subgenital plate. However, in L. hintoni the lateral margins of the fossa of the mesosternal carina do not touch each other, the anterior region has a small aperture, and the lateral margin of male tergum VIII is concave; whereas in L. inornatus and L. pygmaeus, the lateral margins of the fossa of the mesosternal carina touch each other, the posterior region of the fossa has a small aperture, and the lateral margins of male tergum VIII are straight.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from Mexico and the records are concentrated in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt biogeographic province (Fig. 20A). Probably this species is also distributed to the north and south of the previous records.</p><p>Published records. Mexico: Jalisco, Tejupilco, Puebla (La Rivers 1970, Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001).</p><p>Type material examined. All specimens macropterous. HOLOTYPE ♀, MEXICO, Mex. [ico], Tejulpico, Temescaltepec [Temascaltepec], VII.1934, H.E. Hinton, Type No. 13419 (CAS). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1♂, 3♀, CAS); Mex.[ico], Puebla, 20.July.1951, Drake &amp; Hottes (1♂ allotype, 2♀, CAS; 1♀, USNM) .</p><p>Additional material examined. MEXICO, Estado de Mexico, Mex. [ico], Tejupilco, Temescaltepec [Temascaltepec], 15.VI. [19]33, H.E Hinton &amp; R.L. Usinger collectors (5♂, 9♀, EMEC; 1♂, USNM—all macropterous) ; same data, except 20.VI (1♂, 3♀, all macropterous, EMEC); same data, except 30.VI (1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, EMEC); same data, except 16.VI (1♀ macropterous, EMEC); same data, except 18.VI (1♀ macropterous, EMEC); same data, except VIII.1934 (4♂, 5♀, all macropterous, EMEC); same data, except VII.1934, H.E. Hinton (1♀, USNM); Bejucos, 22.IV.2004, 1950’, Rio Bejucos, William D. Shepard leg. (4♂ brachypterous, 9♂ macropterous, 13♀ macropterous, EMEC) ; Mexico, Mexico, San Felipe de Jesus, 20.IV.2004, 3280’, Rio San Felipe, William D. Shepard leg. (1♂ brachypterous, 6♂ macropterous, 3♀ macropterous, EMEC) ; Paso de Vigas, Arroyo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.23272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.892467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.23272/lat 18.892467)">Paso de Vigas</a>, L-1909, 1.100 m, 100°13.963’W / 18°53.548’N, 05.IV.2015, Reynoso-Velasco, Sites &amp; Shepard (19♂, 19♀, all macropterous, UMC) ; Edo. de Mexico, Acamochitlan, El Zapote, 21.XI. [19]84, H. Brailovsky (2♀ brachypter- ous, 1♀ macropterous, UMC) . Guerrero, Mex. [ico], Guerrero, 31 miles S[outh] of Iguala, Rio Mexcala, CL- 1040, 26. April.1964, J.T. &amp; M.S. Polhemus (4♂, 4♀, all macropterous, USNM) . Oaxaca, Mex. [ico], Oaxaca, Totolapan, Rio Grande, CL- 1063, 20. April.1964, J.T. &amp; M.S. Polhemus (2♂ macropterous, USNM) ; San Juan de los Cues, 14.VI.1984, Mario Garcia col. (1♂ macropterous, USNM) ; El Tule, Oaxaca, Mex. [ico], VI.25. [19]55, lite, R.B. &amp; J.M. Selander, P.J. Spangler coll., 1958, 221697 (1♂ macropterous, USNM) . Puebla, La Estacion nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.19017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.252033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.19017/lat 18.252033)">Coxcatlan</a>, 24.March.2015, L-1876, colls Reynoso-Velasco, Sites &amp; Shepard, 950 m, 18°15.122’N / 97°11.410’W, unnamed stream w/ gravel, rocks, algae, marginal vegtn. (2♂, 2♀, UMC; 1♂, 1♀, MZUSP—all brachypterous) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E935FFBDFF61F757FAA65A53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E937FFB8FF61F6CFFCFC5A53.text	03E58815E937FFB8FF61F6CFFCFC5A53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris inornatus Montandon	<div><p>Limnocoris inornatus Montandon</p><p>(Figs. 1B, 2C, 5, 6 E–F, 20A)</p><p>Limnocoris inornatus Montandon, 1898: 423–424 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris inornatus: Champion 1901: 359 (commented catalog); Torre-Bueno 1906: 52 (catalog); Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno 1909: 183 (catalog); La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Herrera 2013: 227 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 318–319 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. The distal margin of the labrum is distinctly acuminate (Fig. 5C). The mesosternal carina lateral margins of the fossa touch each other along midline, leaving only a small aperture at the posterior end (Fig. 5C). The dorsal surface of the body is usually medium brown to dark brown, without a pale medial spot in the hemelytral membrane (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females). Body length 6.80–7.10/ 7.30–7.51, body width 5.10–5.25/ 5.25–5.50, synthilipsis 1.10–1.15/ 1.12–1.20, head length 1.10–1.20/ 1.10–1.20, head width 2.40–2.42/ 2.40–2.50, pronotum length on midline 1.40/ 1.45–1.50, pronotum width 4.50/ 4.51–4.70, scutellum length 1.10/ 1.10–1.20, scutellum width 2.40–2.50/ 2.30–2.50, hemelytra length 5.20–5.30/ 5.45–5.55.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Propleura with pubescent area distinctly extended posteriorly along lateral margin; posterior margin convex medially (Fig. 1B); posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Fig. 5B, C). Metasternal carina with fossa rounded, slightly depressed medially; posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 5E). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated next to midline of segments III–V; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; small notch on left side; posterior margin of mediotergite VII convex, with slight concavity medially; laterotergite VII with lateral and mesal margins subparallel (Fig. 6E); lateral lobe of tergum VIII straight in anterior half of lateral margin; left medial lobe slightly directed laterally at apex, distal margin rounded; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 6F). Female: lateral margins of subgenital plate with tuft of elongate setae at mid-length (Fig. 5D), posterior margin ranging from broadly rounded to narrowly acuminate; laterosternite VII with posterolateral corner slightly produced posteriorly.</p><p>Comparative notes. This species is morphologically similar to L. pygmaeus, where both species share the general morphology of the body, including the labrum, mesosternal carina, and female subgenital plate. The propleura pubescent area also is distinctly extended posteriorly along the lateral margin. Further, in L. inornatus, the body color is usually brown to dark brown, and the hemelytral membrane does not have a single, large, pale medial spot, whereas in L. pygmaeus the body color is usually light brown to yellowish, and the hemelytral membrane has a pale medial spot.</p><p>Distribution. Montandon (1898) mentioned only “ Guatemala ” for the type locality. Subsequently, Champion (1901) also recorded this species from Guatemala, from a locality named “Paso Antonio.” Our searches to pinpoint this locality were not successful. However, it is possible that this locality was a farm in the Department of Escuintla, southwestern Guatemala. In the present study, we record L. inornatus for the first time in Mexico (Chiapas, Nayarit, Oaxaca, and Sonora states), as well as provide detailed records in Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, El Progreso, Jutiapa, and Zacapa departments) (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Published records. Guatemala (Montandon 1898, Champion 1901).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ brachypterous, GUATEMALA, Alte Sammlung, A.L. Montandon vend. 10.V.1907, Box Nr. HET 51 (ZMUH).</p><p>Additional material examined. GUATEMALA, Baja Verapaz, 24 Km N Salama, 24.Mar.1946, R.R. Miller (1♂, 2♀, all macropterous, USNM); same data, except 20 Km Salama (3♂ macropterous, USNM) . El Progresso, El Progresso / Zacapa Dpts. border, Rt. RD-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.929383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8182/lat 14.929383)">Tambor River</a>, 5. June 2011, 14 °55.763’N, 89°49.092’W, 284 m, R.S. Zack collector (1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC; 1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, 4 nymphs, WSU) ; 8 Km NE of Pro- gresso, 28.April.1946, R.R. Miller (1♂ macropterous, USNM) . Jutiapa, 20 Km W of Jutiapa, 13.March.1946, R.R. Miller (1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, USNM) . Zacapa, nr Aldea El Arenal, Rio San Diego, 14.85968”N, 89.74773”W, shallow, still area on river, 22.II.2015, R.S. Zack (3♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC) . MEXICO, Chiapas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.54742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.179833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.54742/lat 15.179833)">Km</a> 238, between Huixtla &amp; Mapastepec, L-1353, 16 m, 15°10’47.4”N / 92°32’50.7”W, 20.V.2012, D. Reynoso-Velasco (1♂, 1♀, macropterous, UMC) ; Rio Huixtla at Huixtla, 31 March 2015, L-1899, colls. Reynoso-Velasco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.45129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.149983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.45129/lat 15.149983)">Sites</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.45129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.149983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.45129/lat 15.149983)">Shepard</a>, 64 m, 15°8.999'N, 92°27.077'W, gravel and rocks (4♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC) ; same locality ex- cept 1 April 2015, L-1901 (6♀, UMC; 1♀, MZUSP—all macropterous); Chapingo Dos, Rio Vado Ancho at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.60061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.237722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.60061/lat 15.237722)">Puente Vado Ancho</a>, 15º14'15.8"N, 92º36'2.2 W ", 57 m, 1 April 2015, Sites &amp; Reynoso-Velasco, cobble &amp; filamentous algae, L-1902 (1♂, MZUSP; 3♀, UMC—all macropterous) . Nayarit, Los Sabinos, Mpio Del Nayar, 10.IV.1991, E. Barrera &amp; J. Leon (1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC) . Oaxaca, Juchitan, 17 miles E. Oaxaca, Slesnick field n° 40, 08.VII.1953, Univ. Kansas Mexican expedition (2 males, 3♀, all macropterous, UMC) . Sonora, Mpio. Quiriego, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.18433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.390917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.18433/lat 27.390917)">Tepahui</a>, L- 1687, 26.December.2013, elev. 137, 27°23’27.3”N / 109°11’03.6”W, D. Reynoso-Velasco (1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC) . NICARAGUA, Atlántico Norte, Tuburus, Miskito Indian Tasbaika, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.17777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.276667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.17777/lat 14.276667)">Rio Geo</a>, 22-23 May 2003, 14 °16’36”N/ 85°10’40”W, coll. G. Camilo (1♂ UMC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E937FFB8FF61F6CFFCFC5A53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E932FFA7FF61F6CFFE0C5A53.text	03E58815E932FFA7FF61F6CFFE0C5A53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris insularis Champion	<div><p>Limnocoris insularis Champion</p><p>(Figs. 7, 10 A–B, 20B)</p><p>Limnocoris insularis Champion, 1901: 359–360 (original description, table 21, fig. 16).</p><p>Limnocoris insularis: Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno 1909: 183 (catalog); La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Stout 1978: 1–11 (ecological study, new record); Stout 1981: 1170–1178 (ecological study); Stout 1982: 75–83 (ecological study); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog); Herrera 2013: 227 (catalog).</p><p>Limnocoris alcorni La Rivers, 1976: 9–10 (original description) (new synonym).</p><p>Limnocoris alcorni: Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 318 (catalog); Herrera 2013: 226–227 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens of L. insularis are small, measuring 5.90–6.33 mm. The pedicel is quadrate; and the flagellomeres are slender, not partially fused, and with long setae. The pubescent area of the propleuron is distinctly extended posteriorly on the lateral margin (as in Fig. 1A); the posterior margin of the propleuron is straight at midlength (Fig. 7D). The anterior projection of the mesosternal carina can be poorly developed in some specimens (Fig. 7G); the region between this projection and the fossa is almost straight (Fig. 7G) or slightly sinuated (Fig. 7F)and without a medial projection (Figs. 7 F–G); the fossa is shallow, subtriangular, with the anterior margin slightly convex, and the lateral margins converge posteriorly (Fig. 7D). The lateral margins of the female subgenital plate lack the tuft of elongate golden setae (Fig. 7E).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females): Body length 5.90–6.13/ 6.00–6.33, body width 4.05–4.35/ 4.10–4.51, synthlipsis 1.00/ 1.02–1.05, head length 0.90–0.98/ 0.92–1.02, head width 1.90–2.00/ 1.95–2.10, pronotum length on midline 1.13–1.30/ 1.10–1.22, pronotum width 3.60–3.81/ 3.56–3.90, scutellum length 0.85–1.05/ 0.90–1.10, scutellum width 1.75–2.10/ 1.60–2.15, hemelytra length 4.30–4.50/ 4.40–4.70.</p><p>Supplemental description. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Distal margin of labrum ranging from rounded to slightly acuminate. Propleura with posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum without longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Fig. 7D). Metasternal carina with fossa ranging from oval to rounded, slightly depressed medially; posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 7G). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Abdominal sternum II with an irregular patch of elongate golden setae (as in Fig. 1G); abdominal sterna without generally dispersed elongate setae throughout. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin of mediotergite VII forming two pairs of small lobes, one medial and other lateral; lateral and mesal margins of laterotergite VII straight, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 10A); lateral lobe of tergum VIII straight in anterior half of lateral margin; left medial lobe angled laterally at apex, distal margin truncate; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 10B). Female: posterior margin of subgenital plate ranging from rounded to slightly acuminate; laterosternite VII with parallel margins, tapering in apical third (Fig. 7E).</p><p>Comparative notes. Limnocoris insularis is morphologically similar to L. lutzi, L. nanus n. sp., and L. zacki n. sp. These four species share the general shape and dimensions of the body, pubescence pattern of the ventral surface of the body, shape of the metasternal carina, and shape of male abdominal terga VI–VIII. The main character to distinguish these species is the shape of the mesosternal carina: in L. insularis and L. lutzi the fossa is projected further ventrally than is the anterior projection (both at same level in L. nanus), and the region between the anterior projection and fossa is without a medial projection (present in L. zacki). Limnocoris insularis differs from L. lutzi by having the antennal flagellomeres divided and not partially fused (although this can be difficult to discern), the mesosternal carina with the region between the anterior projection and fossa almost straight or shallowly sinuous in lateral view, and male tergum VIII with the apex of the left medial lobe distinctly angled laterally; whereas in the latter species the flagellomeres are partially fused, the mesosternal carina is concave between the anterior projection and fossa in lateral view, and male tergum VIII has the apex of the left medial lobe only slightly angled laterally.</p><p>Discussion. We examined the holotypes of L. insularis and L. alcorni; these two species are very similar morphologically, including the morphology of the mesosternal carina, the main diagnostic character. La Rivers (1976) differentiated L. alcorni from L. insularis by the condition of the hemelytra, in which the former species has evident claval and intraclaval sutures, the hemelytral commissure is shorter, and hindwings are developed, whereas in the latter species the claval and intraclaval sutures are absent, the hemelytral commissure is longer, and the hindwing are reduced. This difference in hemelytral condition is a result of hindwing polymorphism, a common phenomenon within the family; the holotype of L. insularis is a brachypterous specimen and the type series of L. alcorni is composed, with the exception of one specimen, of macropterous specimens. Thus, L. alcorni is here considered a junior synonym of L. insularis .</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed in Belize (Belize, Cayo, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, and Toledo), Costa Rica (Guanacaste and Heredia), Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, El Progresso, Guatemala, and Santa Rosa), Honduras (Islas de la Bahía), Mexico (Chiapas and Veracruz), and Nicaragua (Jinotega and Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte) (Fig. 20B). Limnocoris insularis was collected in localities ranging from sea level to elevations up to 1,355 meters.</p><p>Published records. Belize: Belize, Cayo, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo (Sites et al. 2018); Costa Rica: Heredia ( Stout 1978, 1981, 1982) ; Guatemala: Santa Rosa (La Rivers 1976); Honduras: Islas de la Bahía (Champion 1901) .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE of L. insularis, ♀ brachypterous, HONDURAS, Islas de la Bahía, Bonacca, Gaumer (BMNH) . HOLOTYPE of L. alcorni, ♀ macropterous, GUATEMALA, Santa Rosa, El Molino, 2.August.1956, A.A. Alcorn, Type No 13418 (CAS) . PARATYPES of L. alcorni, 1♂ brachypterous, 13♂ macrop- terous, 9♀ macropterous, same data as holotype (CAS) .</p><p>Additional material examined. In addition to all BELIZE Material examined in Sites et al. (2018): BELIZE, Cayo, Augustine, 8 km N, 25.May.1986, colln 19, collected from little Vaquero Creek, 450 m alt., Paul J. Spangler &amp; Robin Faitoute (1♀ macropterous, USNM). Stann Creek, Kendal, 12 Km W, 26.April.1987, collected from South Stann Creek at cockscomb, Wildlife Sanctuary, Spangler &amp; Faitoute (1♂ brachypterous, USNM) . COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Rio Cataratas, on road from San Ramon to Fortuna, 25 Nov. 2002, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A- 1498 (2♂ macropterous, UMC) . Guanacaste, Las Canas, 23.VII.1965, P.J. Spangler (1♀ brachypterous, USNM) ; same data, except 13.VII.1965 (1♂ brachypterous, USNM); Colorado, 31.March.1988, W.E. Steiner, J.M. Hill, J.M. Swearingen &amp; J.M. Mitchell (1♀ brachypterous, USNM) ; 1 km N Caimito, Rio Piñallas, 280 ft, 15 June 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1388 (3♂, 1♀, all brachypterous, UMC) . Limon, Shirolles, Rio Shirolles, 280 ft, 12 June 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1383 (1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC) . San Jose, 1 km NE La Palma, Rio Pedregosa, 2000 ft, 22 June 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1392 (5♂, 3♀, all brachypterous, UMC) . GUATEMALA, Baja Verapaz, Rio Quilila, Rt 5, old rd to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.294365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.231883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.294365/lat 15.231883)">Salama</a> from CA-14, 1355 m, 15°13.913’N / 90°17.662’W, 15 Sept 2009, R.S. Zack &amp; J. Monzon collectors (1♂, 1♀, all brachypterous, 1♂, 1♀, all macropterous, UMC) ; same locality, 5 June 2011, R.S. Zack (1♀ macropterous, 1♀ brachypterous, 5 nymphs, WSU) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.929383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8182/lat 14.929383)">El</a> Progresso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.929383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8182/lat 14.929383)">El Progresso</a> / Zacapa <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.929383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8182/lat 14.929383)">Depts.</a> border, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.929383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8182/lat 14.929383)">Rt.</a> RD-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.8182&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.929383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.8182/lat 14.929383)">Tambor River</a>, 05.June.2011, 14°55.763’N / 89°49.092’W, 284 m, R.S. Zack collector (1♀ macropterous, UMC) ; Sn. Augustine AC., 13.VIII.1965, Paul J. Spangler (2♂ brachypterous, 1♂ macropterous, 5♀ brachypterous, USNM); Rio Las Pericas, 1040 ft, 11 km W El Rancho Jnct, 12 July 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1408 (1♂ bra- chypterous, UMC) . Guatemala, 35 Km SE of Guat. City, 12.March.1946, R.R. Miller (2♂ brachypterous, USNM) . Izabal, Rt 7E, Rio Sauce nr El Sauce, N 15°33.642’/ W89°17.036’ 6 June 2011, R.S. Zack (1♂, 3♀ macropterous, WSU) ; Rio Juan de Paz, 10 km W Das Amates, 400 ft, 15 July 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1424 (2♂ brachyp- terous, UMC) ; unnamed stream 2 km SW Montufar, 360 ft, 15 July 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1425 (8♂, 7♀, all brachypterous, UMC) . Zacapa, Rt CA-9, “Ojo de Agua” river at Monte Grande E of Teculutan, N15°00.806’/ W89°39.580’, 24 July 2007, R.S. Zack (2♂, 2♀ macropterous, WSU; 2♂ macropterous, 2♀ macropterous, 1♀ brachypterous, UMC) ; Rio Cayo, 2.3 km E, Santa Cruz, 830 ft, 14 July 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1420 (1♂, 1♀ macropterous, UMC) . MEXICO, Chiapas, Rio Huixtla at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.45129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.149983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.45129/lat 15.149983)">Huixtla</a>, 31 March 2015, L-1899, colls. Reynoso- Velasco, Sites, and Shepard, 64 m, 15°8.999'N, 92°27.077'W, gravel and rocks (1♂ brachypterous, MZUSP) ; Mpio. Benemérito de las Americas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.493866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.156784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.493866/lat 16.156784)">Flor de Cacao</a>, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.493866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.156784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.493866/lat 16.156784)">Rio Salinas</a>, 30 March 2015, L-1891, gravel, cobble riffles, 145 m, 16°9.407’N / 90°29.632’W, Reynoso-Velasco, Sites, Shepard &amp; Barr (1♂, UMC; 1♂, 2♀, MZUSP—all bra- chypterous) . Veracruz, Municip. Tlapacoyan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.11788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.032017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.11788/lat 20.032017)">Rio Ixtacuaco</a>, rocky stream thru cattle farm, L-1121, 20°01.921’N / 97°07.073’W, 111 m, 07.XI.2009, Sites, Cervantes &amp; Novelo (1♂ brachypterous, UMC) . NICARAGUA, Jinotega, Mayangna, Sauni Bu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.149445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.235278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.149445/lat 14.235278)">Rio Amak</a>, 14°14’7.0”N / 85°08’58.0”W, 171 m, 31.V.2003, G. Camilo (6♂, 6♀, all brachyp- terous, 2♂ macropterous, UMC) ; Raiti, Kipla Sait Tasbaika, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.03048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.5925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.03048/lat 14.5925)">Rio Coco</a>, 14°35’33”N / 85°01’49.7”W, 27.V.2003, G. Camilo (1♂, 1♀, all brachypterous, 1♀ macropterous, UMC) . Rio San Juan, unnamed stream, Refugio Bartola, 8 Aug. 2002, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1490 (1♂ brachypterous, UMC) . Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, Tuburus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.17777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.276667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.17777/lat 14.276667)">Miskito</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.17777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.276667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.17777/lat 14.276667)">Indian Tasbaika</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.17777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.276667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.17777/lat 14.276667)">Rio Geo</a>, 14°16’36”N / 85°10’40”W, 22–23.V.2003, G. Camilo (3♂ brachypterous, 3♀ macropterous, UMC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E932FFA7FF61F6CFFE0C5A53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E92DFFA2FF61F6CFFB9A5D7B.text	03E58815E92DFFA2FF61F6CFFB9A5D7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris lutzi : La Rivers 1974	<div><p>Limnocoris lutzi La Rivers</p><p>(Figs. 8, 10 C–D, 20B)</p><p>Limnocoris lutzi La Rivers, 1957: 71–74 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris lutzi: La Rivers 1974: 8 (catalog); Sites &amp; Nichols 1993: 83 (new record); Polhemus &amp; Polhemus 1988: 526 (catalog, new record); Sites &amp; Willig 1991: 127–134 (ecological study, new record); Sites &amp; Nichols 2001: 26–32 (voltinism, egg and immature stages description); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens of L. lutzi are small, measuring 6.30–6.75 mm. The antenna does not exceed the lateral margin of the eye; the pedicel is quadrate; the flagellomeres are slender, partially fused, and with long setae. The pubescent area of the propleuron is distinctly extended posteriorly along the lateral margin; the posterior margin of the propleuron is straight at mid-length (as in Fig. 1A). The mesosternal carina has the region between the anterior projection and fossa concave and without a medial projection; the fossa is shallow, subtriangular, with the anterior margin shallowly convex, and the lateral margins converge posteriorly (Fig. 8C). The region between the mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum is without a longitudinal row of elongate golden setae; abdominal sternum II has an irregular patch of elongate golden setae (as in Fig. 1G); the abdominal sterna lack generally dispersed elongate setae. The lateral margins of the female subgenital plate lack a tuft of elongate golden setae (Fig 8D).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females): Body length 6.30–6.70/ 6.60–6.75, body width 4.50–4.72/ 4.68–4.75, synthlipsis 1.10–1.20/ 1.10–1.15, head length 1.05–1.20/ 1.10–1.20, head width 2.12–2.20/ 2.18–2.20, pronotum length on midline 1.20–1.50/ 1.20–1.30, pronotum width 3.86–4.15/ 4.00–4.10, scutellum length 1.00–1.10/ 1.10, scutellum width 1.85–2.20/ 2.10–2.20, hemelytra length 4.70–5.20/ 4.85–5.00.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Distal margin of labrum slightly acuminate. Propleura with inner corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally (indistinct in some specimens) (Fig. 8C). Metasternal carina with fossa ranging from oval to rounded, slightly depressed medially (Fig. 8C); posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 8E). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin of mediotergite VII rounded medially, with a pair of small lobes laterally; laterotergite VII with lateral and mesal margins straight, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 10C); lateral lobe of tergum VIII straight in anterior half of lateral margin; left medial lobe slightly angled laterally at apex, distal margin ranging from rounded to truncate; right medial lobe ranging from twisted to flat in distal third (Fig. 10D). Female: posterior margin of subgenital plate ranging from rounded to slightly acuminate, lateral margins lack a tuft of elongate golden setae (Fig. 8D); laterosternite VII with parallel margins, converging in posterior third.</p><p>Comparative notes. Limnocoris lutzi is morphologically similar to L. insularis, L. nanus n. sp., and L. zacki n. sp. These four species share the general shape and dimensions of the body, pubescence pattern of the ventral surface of the body, shape of the metasternal carina, and shape of male abdominal terga VI–VIII. Limnocoris lutzi differs from L. nanus by having the fossa of the mesosternal carina extending ventrally further than the anterior projection (Fig. 8E), whereas in the latter species the anterior projection is almost at the same level of the fossa. Limnocoris zacki has a median projection between the anterior projection and fossa of the mesosternal carina, which is absent in L. lutzi . Thus, of these four similar species, L. insularis most closely resembles L. lutzi . These two species can be differentiated by the antenna, mesosternal carina and male abdominal tergum VIII. In L. lutzi, the flagellomeres are partially fused (which can be difficult to discern), the mesosternal carina has the region between the anterior projection and fossa concave in lateral view, and the left medial lobe of male abdominal tergum VIII is only slightly angled laterally, whereas in L. insularis the flagellomeres usually are divided, not partially fused, the mesosternal carina between the anterior projection and fossa range from straight to shallowly sinuous, and the left medial lobe of male abdominal tergum VIII is distinctly angled laterally.</p><p>Discussion. Sites &amp; Nichols (2001) cited Polhemus (1991) when they reported the geographical distribution of L. lutzi extends from central Texas, passing through eastern Mexico, to the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. Limnocoris lutzi and L. insularis are morphologically very similar and easily misidentified; however, these species are allopatric, with L. lutzi occurring from the central region of Texas to the state of Querétaro in central Mexico, and L. insularis occurring from the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico to Costa Rica (Fig. 20B). Since these species are not sympatric, and in the absence of material identified by J.T. Polhemus from southern Mexico as L. lutzi, we consider this species not to occur in southeastern Mexico.</p><p>Variation. The right medial lobe of male abdominal tergum VIII may be twisted in more than only the distal third, and some specimens may exhibit some degree of fusion of the flagellomeres.</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed from the central region of Texas, in the southwestern United States, near the Balcones Fault Zone, to the central state of Querétero, on the east slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Fig. 20B).</p><p>Published records. United States: Texas (La Rivers 1957, Sites &amp; Nichols 1993, Polhemus &amp; Polhemus 1988, Sites &amp; Willig 1991).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♀ brachypterous, UNITED STATES, Texas, Seguin, Guadalupe Riv., 08.IX.1950, Thos. Dolan, Type No. 65938 (USNM) . PARATYPE: 1♂ brachypterous (allotype), same data as holo- type (CAS) .</p><p>Additional material examined. MEXICO, Querétaro, Río Concá, 1 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.58833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.408333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.58833/lat 21.408333)">Km</a> NW of Adjuntas, 21°24.5’N, 99°35.3’W, 13.VII.2000, C.B. Barr (1♂ brachypterous, EMEC) . Tamaulipas, 15 Km N of C. Victoria, 18.March.1983, M.S. Davis coll. (1♀ brachypterous, UMC) . UNITED STATES, Texas, Gonzalas Co., Palmetto State Pk., 19.April.1963, fast stream, A.B. Anderson (1♀ brachypterous, USNM) ; Kimble Co., Junction, S. Llano River, 1 mi. S of TTU Center, veg. in standing water, 02.VIII.1986, R.W. Sites (20♂, 16♀, brachypterous, 1♀ mac- ropterous, UMC) ; Kimble Co., TTU Ctr-Junction, South Llano River, 14.V.1988, R.W. Sites (57♂, 42♀, all bra- chypterous, UMC) ; same data, except 05.VI.1988 (9♂, 7♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 28.VI.1988 (7♂, 9♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 05.VII.1988 (59♂, 33♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 05.VIII.1988 (8♂, 10♀, UMC; 5♂, 5♀, MZUSP—all brachypterous); same data, except 15.VIII.1988 (20♂, 12♀, all brachypterous, UMC); Kimble Co., junction-TTU Cntr, South Llano River, 05.VI.1986, R.W. Sites (1♂ macropterous, 1♀ brachypterous, UMC) ; same data, except 11.IV.1987 (7♂, 13♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 23.V.1987 (1♂ brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 24.V.1987 (2♂, 2♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 12.IX.1987 (1♂ brachypterous, 1♂ macropterous, 2♀ brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 15.V.1988 (1♂, 4♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 16.V.1988 (1♂, 2♀, all brachypterous, UMC); same data, except 25.V.1988 (5♂, 6♀, all brachypterous, UMC); Kimble Co., S. Llano River, Junction, rocks be- low bridge, 10.IV.1988, R.W. Sites (2♂, 9♀, all brachypterous, UMC) ; Kimble Co., Junction-TTU Campus, South Llano River, large rocks, 10.IV.1988, R.W. Sites (1♂ brachypterous, UMC) ; Kimble Co., S. Llano River, Junction, slow water near bridge, 04.IV.1987, S. Boston (2♂, 7♀, all brachypterous, UMC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E92DFFA2FF61F6CFFB9A5D7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E92BFFAFFF61F53DFC44584B.text	03E58815E92BFFAFFF61F53DFC44584B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris moapensis (La Rivers 1950) La Rivers	<div><p>Limnocoris moapensis (La Rivers)</p><p>(Figs. 1E, 2G, 11, 14 A–B, 20B)</p><p>Usingerina moapensis La Rivers, 1950: 368–373 (original description).</p><p>Usingerina moapensis: La Rivers 1971: 77 (catalog); Polhemus &amp; Polhemus 1988: 526 (catalog).</p><p>Limnocoris moapensis: Sites &amp; Willig 1994: 810 (new combination); Sites &amp; Nichols 1999: 19–20 (egg description); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other species of Limnocoris by the condition of the embolium, which is posteriorly projected at its posterolateral angle (Fig. 11A). Also, the mesosternal carina has a deep fossa which ranges from rounded to subtriangular (Figs. 11C). The hemelytra have the membrane reduced (Fig. 11A).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females). Body length 5.73–5.90/ 6.01–6.30, body width 5.10–5.41/ 5.37–5.70, synthlipsis 1.18–1.20/ 1.19–1.25, head length 1.00–1.10/ 1.10–1.15, head width 2.00–2.12/ 2.10–2.20, pronotum length on midline 1.00–1.05/ 1.05–1.10, pronotum width 4.15–4.30/ 4.30–4.60, scutellum length 1.00–1.05/ 1.00– 1.05, scutellum width 2.00–2.20/ 2.10–2.30, hemelytra length 4.10–4.40/ 4.40–4.61.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; flagellomeres slender, partially fused, with long setae. Pubescent area of propleuron distinctly extended posteriorly on lateral margin; posterior margin almost straight at mid-length; posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum without longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Metasternal carina with fossa teardrop-shaped (Fig. 11C), slightly depressed medially (Figs. 11C, E); posterior margin slightly excavated in lateral view (Fig. 11E). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose; sternum II without row or patch of elongate golden setae (Fig. 1E); sterna without generally dispersed elongate setae (Fig. 2G). Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin of mediotergite VII shallowly convex; lateral and mesal margins of laterotergite VII subparallel, posterior margin rounded to truncated (Fig. 14A); lateral lobe of tergum VIII straight in anterior half of lateral margin; left medial lobe slightly angled posterolaterad at apex, with distal margin rounded; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 14B). Female: subgenital plate with posterior margin broadly to narrowly rounded; lateral margin without tuft of elongate golden setae (Fig. 11D).</p><p>Comparative notes. Limnocoris moapensis, despite being easily differentiated from congeners by the embolium condition, shares some characters with L. insularis, L. lutzi, L. nanus n. sp., and L. zacki n. sp.: the pubescent area of the propleuron is distinctly extended posteriorly along the lateral margin, the posterior margin of the propleuron is straight at mid-length, the mesosternum lacks a longitudinal row of elongate golden setae, the abdominal sterna lack generally dispersed elongate setae, and the lateral margin of the female subgenital plate lacks a tuft of elongate setae.</p><p>Discussion. The genus Usingerina was described by La Rivers (1950) to accommodate a single species inhabitant of thermal waters, U. moapensis . This species was included in the tribe Usingerinini La Rivers, which was proposed at that time. This tribe was not mentioned again in the literature, not even in the catalog published by the same author (La Rivers 1971). The status of Usingerina was questioned one year after its publication, when De Carlo (1951) gave the reasons that led him to be skeptical, and later by Štys &amp; Jansson (1988). However, formalization of the synonymy was proposed only by Sites &amp; Willig (1994), who studied the efficacy of morphometric characters in the differentiation of eight species of Naucoridae, and found no support to maintain Usingerina as a distinct genus of Limnocoris .</p><p>Distribution. This species is endemic to warm springs in southern Nevada, in the United States (Fig. 20B). Field collections at other localities of this region were conducted by RWS and the species was not found, suggesting that it is restricted to the spring-fed river system near Moapa, Clark County, Nevada.</p><p>Published records. United States: Nevada (La Rivers 1950, Sites &amp; Willig 1994).</p><p>Type material examined. All specimens brachypterous. HOLOTYPE ♂, UNITED STATES, Nevada, Warm Sprs., Clark Co., 26–27.XII.1948, LaR, Type No. 7179 (CAS). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (13♂, 13♀, including allotype, CAS; 1♀, EMEC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. All specimens brachypterous. UNITED STATES, Nevada, same data as holotype (2♂, EMEC) ; Coburn’s Warm Springs nr. Moapa, Clark Co., 28.Jan.1956, Menke &amp; Stange (3♂, 2♀, EMEC) ; Clark Co., Warm Springs, N. of Glendale, 01.Sep.1984, C. Riley Nelson (2♂, 2♀, BYUC) ; Clark Co., Warm Springs, N. of Glendale, 28.Sep.1984, M.F. Whiting (13♂, 7♀, BYUC) ; Clark Co., Warm Springs, 29.Mar.1985, Baumann (6♂, 5♀, BYUC) ; same data, except 11.IX.1987, B. Sargent (2♂, 1♀, BYUC); same data, except 11.IX.1987, D. Beazer (1♂, BYUC); same data, except Gunther (2♂, BYUC); same data, except 30.IX.1987 (2♂, BYUC); same data, except Moapa R., 15.May.1987, Baumann-Hardy (1♂, 1♀, BYUC); Clark Co., Moapa Warm Spring, 8 November 1998, coll R.W. Sites, gravel stream bed (5♂, 5♀, MZUSP) ; Clark Co., Muddy River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.7/lat 36.733334)">Warm Springs</a>, 36°44’N / 114°42’W, 18.XII.1995, Baumann &amp; Huntsman (7♂, 6♀, BYUC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E92BFFAFFF61F53DFC44584B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E925FFAAFF61F438FD855B3B.text	03E58815E925FFAAFF61F438FD855B3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris nanus Rodrigues & Sites 2019	<div><p>Limnocoris nanus Rodrigues &amp; Sites NEW SPECIES</p><p>(Figs. 1G, 12, 14 C–D, 20B)</p><p>Description. Male—hindwing brachypterous. HOLOTYPE, length 5.28; maximum width 3.92. Paratypes (n = 2), length 4.88–5.20 (mean = 5.04); maximum width 3.72–3.84 (mean = 3.78). General shape rounded to oval; widest across posterior region of embolia (Fig. 12A). Overall dorsal coloration ligth brown to dark brown, mottled on head, pronotum, and hemelytra; hemelytral membrane with some darker spots and other parts lighter than corium. Dorsal surface with fine granulations and punctate throughout. Ventral coloration brown to dark brown.</p><p>Head. Head length 1.10, maximum width 1.82. Mostly brown with medium-dark brown markings narrowing anteriorly, punctate. Synthlipsis 0.18; eyes not raised above level of vertex or pronotum. Anterior margin between eyes convex, extending anteriorly 18% of head length; posterior margin between eyes straight, not extending posteriorly (Fig. 12A). Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Labrum width 1.2× length, distal margin convex to slightly tapered. Labium with three visible brownish segments, darkening distally, extending 0.36 beyond labrum not including extruded stylets. Antenna, length 0.42; not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, partially fused, and with long setae. Postgenal tubercle on posteroventral midline.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum ground color brown, rectangular marking behind eye slightly darker, lateral margin lightly brown to yellowish; other smaller dark brown markings dispersed; transverse sulcus marking anterior border of transverse band in posterior 1/4; anterior margin straight between eyes; lateral margins convergent anteriorly, evenly convex; posterior margin almost straight, shallowly concave medially; posterolateral corner rounded (Fig. 12A); greatest width 1.54× length at midline; length at midline 1.12; maximum width at posterolateral corner 3.44. Prothorax ventrally dark brown medially, medium brown laterally (Fig. 12B). Propleura with pubescent area distinctly extended posteriorly on lateral margin (as in Fig. 1A); posterior margin straight medially; posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Probasisternum with median carina bilobed anteriorly in lateral view, and divided in two posteriorly. Scutellum punctate, triangular, brown, width 1.68, length 0.90. Hemelytra punctate, medium brown to dark brown, with darker and lighter markings throughout, mostly on corium; membrane mottled; length 3.92 (chord measurement). Embolium greatest width 0.58, lateral margin convex, light brown to yellowish in anterior 3/4 and brown posteriorly. Hindwings reduced. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum without longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Mesosternal carina with ridge between anterior projection and fossa, with some golden setae; fossa shallow, elongate; lateral margins of fossa convergent and meeting posteriorly, open ended anteriorly; anterior ridge entering open anterior end of fossa; anterior ridge with fine sulcus on midline (Fig. 12C). Metasternal carina with fossa oval to teardrop-shaped (Fig. 12C), depressed medially; posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 12E).</p><p>Legs. All legs segments light brown to yellowish, except dark brown apical part of tarsomere III of middle and hind legs. Procoxa with cluster of stout, brown anteromedial spines. Profemur anterior margin with dense pad of setae without associated spines, posterior margin with row of short brown spines along basal half. Protibia and tarsus with occlusal inner surface flattened; tarsus one-segmented, immovable; pretarsal claw single, minute, triangular. Meso- and metacoxae partially recessed into thorax. Meso- and metafemora with row of short, brown spines on anterior margin. Meso- and metatibiae with ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsolateral, and dorsomedial rows of stout brownish spines; meso- and metatibiae with two transverse rows of spines distally, one on lateral and another on mesal margins. Meso- and metatibiae and metatarsus with long, pale swimming hairs, hairs profuse on metatibia and -tarsus. Meso- and metapretarsi with paired claws slender, gently curved, with minute basal tooth. Leg measurements as follows: fore leg, femur 1.32, tibia 0.94, tarsus 0.34; middle leg, femur 1.38, tibia 1.06, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.08, 0.22, 0.34; hind leg, femur 1.70, tibia 1.80, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.13, 0.54, 0.52.</p><p>Abdomen. Dorsally with lateral margins of terga III–VIII exposed; terga III–V brown on anterior 1/4, light brown posteriorly (Fig 12A); marginal row of short yellow setae, and group of trichobothria near posterolateral corners. Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration. Posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Sterna brown (Fig. 12B), covered by golden pubescence, without generally dispersed elongate golden setae; sternum II with irregular patch of elongate golden setae (Fig. 1G). Mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed. Posterior margin of mediotergite VII with rounded, inconspicuous posterolateral corners and a broadly convex central lobe; lateral and mesal margins of laterotergite VII parallel, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 14C). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin shallowly concave in anterior half; left medial lobe angled laterally at apex, with distal margin truncate; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 14D).</p><p>Female—hindwing brachypterous. Paratypes (n = 5), length 5.08–5.36 (mean = 5.22); maximum width 3.80– 3.90 (mean = 3.86). Similar to male in general structure and coloration, except as follows: Abdominal tergum VI symmetrical. Subgenital plate width 1.02× length; length at midline 0.80; maximum width 0.94; lateral margins converging in apical 3/4, without tuft of elongate golden setae at mid-length; posterior margin broadly to narrowly rounded (Fig. 12D); laterosternite VII acuminate posteriorly; laterosternite VIII with posterior margin truncate to rounded.</p><p>Female—hindwing macropterous. Paratype (n = 1), length 5.85; maximum width 3.90. Similar to hindwing brachypterous specimens in general structure and coloration, except as follows: claval and intraclaval sutures, and posterior margin of embolium distinct.</p><p>Variation. The mesosternal carina of three specimens deposited at the EMEC has a minute ridge entering the fossa, and the sulcus on the midline is absent.</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens of L. nanus n. sp. are among the smallest of the genus, measuring 5.08–5.85 mm in length. The pubescent area of the propleuron is distinctly extended posteriorly along the lateral margin and the posterior margin of the propleuron is straight at mid-length. The mesosternal carina has the anterior projection distinctly developed, the fossa is uniquely shaped with the lateral margins convergent and meeting posteriorly, but open ended anteriorly with the anterior ridge entering the open anterior end of the fossa; the anterior ridge has a fine sulcus on the midline.</p><p>Comparative notes. Limnocoris nanus n. sp. is morphologically similar to L. insularis, L. lutzi, and L. zacki n. sp. These species are similar in the size and general morphology of the body, including the pubescence pattern of the ventral surface. The most obvious feature to distinguish among these species is the mesosternal carina, which in L. nanus is unique, with the longitudinal sulcus in the anterior ridge entering the open anterior end of the fossa.</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed from northern Costa Rica (Guanacaste) to the central region of Panama (Coclé) (Fig. 20B). It was collected in localities with the elevation ranging from 320 to 1,371 meters.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet nanus (Latin) = small or short, refers to the total length of the body of this species, which is the smallest species of Limnocoris from North America.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE brachypterous ♂: PANAMA, Canal Zone, Rio Juan Grande at km 2 on Pipeline Rd, elev 30 m, 5 Jan. 1993, coll. J.T. Polhemus, CL2784 (UMC) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1♂, 4♀, all brachypterous, UMC); PANAMA, Coclé, 4.2 Km SSE Miraflores, unnamed stream, 376’, 30.VIII.2006, WDS-A-1722, William D. Shepard leg (1♀ macropterous, EMEC) ; PANAMA, I-11 (1♂, 1♀, all brachypterous, UMC) . COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, P. N. Rincón de la Vieja, small stream at Las Pailas Trail, 18.I.2000, C.B. Barr (2♂ brachypterous, EMEC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. COSTA RICA, Cartago, S. of Cartago, 18.VI.1932, 4.500 ft, B.S. Kaiser (1♂, 2♀, all brachypterous, EMEC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E925FFAAFF61F438FD855B3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E920FFA9FF61F7E7FAE75BE0.text	03E58815E920FFA9FF61F7E7FAE75BE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris panamensis : La Rivers 1971	<div><p>Limnocoris panamensis La Rivers</p><p>(Figs. 2F, 13, 14 E–F, 20A)</p><p>Limnocoris panamensis La Rivers, 1970: 6–8 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris panamensis: La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog); Herrera 2013: 227 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. The pubescent area of the propleuron is not extended posteriorly on the lateral margin (as in Fig. 1D). The fossa of the mesosternal carina is distinctly deep and elliptical to ovate (Fig. 13C). The metasternal carina is depressed medially, and acuminate posteriorly (Fig. 13C). The lateral margin of the female subgenital plate has a tuft of elongate golden setae at mid-length, and the posterior margin is evenly rounded (Fig. 13D).</p><p>Measurements (n = 3 males / 3 females). Body length 8.20–8.23/ 8.60–8.74, body width 5.65–5.80/ 5.86–6.00, synthlipsis 1.49–1.52/ 1.50–1.51, head length 1.21–1.40/ 1.40, head width 2.75–2.80/ 2.80–2.82, pronotum length on midline 1.50/ 1.50–1.60, pronotum width 5.37–3.40/ 5.65–5.68, scutellum length 1.20–1.40/ 1.40, scutellum width 2.51–2.70/ 2.61–2.80, hemelytra length 5.90–6.12/ 6.20–6.40.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Distolateral margins of labrum tapering to broadly rounded point. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Posterior margin of propleuron convex at mid-length (Fig. 13C); posteromesal corner near prosternellum flat. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (partially visible in Fig. 13C). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–VI narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated at midline of segments III–V; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin of mediotergite VII convex medially, with small rounded lobe on each side; laterotergite VII with lateral and mesal margins subparallel, and posterior margin narrowly rounded (Fig. 14E). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin almost straight in anterior half; left medial lobe slightly angled laterally at apex, distal margin rounded; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 14F). Female: subgenital plate with posterior margin broadly convex; laterosternite VII with posterior margin shal- lowly angled to rounded apex (Fig. 13D).</p><p>Comparative notes. This species has a characteristic mesosternal carina with a distinctly deep fossa. Five other species of Limnocoris share a deep fossa of the mesosternal carina: L. angulatus Nieser, González &amp; Eichelkraut, L. bouvieri Montandon, L. calii Nieser, González &amp; Eichelkraut, L. pectoralis Montandon, and L. virescens . Of these, only L. virescens occurs in North America. In L. bouvieri and L. virescens the posterolateral corners of abdominal segments III–V are spinose, whereas in L. panamensis, L. angulatus, L. calii, and L. pectoralis these corners are slightly acuminate to rounded, without forming spines. Limnocoris calii and L. pectoralis differ from L. panamensis and L. angulatus by the pubescent area of the propleuron extended posteriorly, which does not occur in the last two species. Limnocoris panamensis can be differentiated from L. angulatus by having the posterolateral corner of the pronotum rounded in brachypterous specimens, male abdominal tergum VIII with the right medial lobe twisted in the distal half, and the female subgenital plate with the posterior margin broadly rounded; whereas in L. angulatus the posterolateral corner of pronotum is acute, male abdominal tergum VIII with the right medial lobe weakly twisted, and the female subgenital plate tapering posteriorly and the posterior margin truncate medially.</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed from northern Costa Rica (Guanacaste) to the central region of Panamá (Veraguas) (Fig. 20A). Label data suggest that L. panamensis occurs in regions with elevations above 1,000 meters above sea level.</p><p>Published records. Costa Rica: Chiriquí (La Rivers 1970).</p><p>Type material examined. All specimens brachypterous. HOLOTYPE ♀, PANAMA, [Chiriquí], Poterillos [=Potrerillos], 27.III.1935, J. MacSwain Collector, Type No. 13422 (CAS). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1♂, 1♀, CAS).</p><p>Additional material examined. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Rio Cataratas, on road from San Ramon to Fortuna, 25 Nov. 2002, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1498 (1♂ brachypterous, UMC) . Cartago, Pejibaye, 23.March.1987, among rocks and leaf packs in sunlit rapids of Rio Pejibaye, W.E. Steiner, J.M. Hill &amp; S.E. Frye collectors (1♀ macropterous, USNM) ; Tapanti NP, 5.1 Km abv gate, 22.VI.2003, 4.980 ft, unnamed stream, William D. Shepard leg (1♂ brachypterous, EMEC) . Guanacaste, El Santo de Angel, CL-1271, 26.XII.1969, J.T. Polhemus (3♂, 3♀, all brachypterous, USNM) ; Rincon de la Vieja NP, Quebrada Catarata, 14 June 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1387 (1♂ macropterous, UMC) . Heredia, Arroyo La Paz Chiquita, 11.V.1995, W. Baumann &amp; R.M. Houseman (7♀ bra- chypterous, 1♀ macropterous, BYUC) . Puntarenas, Monteverde area, 1.400 –1.700 meters, 06.June–14.June.1973, Erwin &amp; Hevel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.7/lat 1.4)">Central Expedition</a>, 1973 (1♀ brachypterous, USNM) ; Alturas Biol. Station, 20.VI.2003, 4.360 ft, Rio Bella Vista, William D. Shepard leg (1♂ brachypterous, 2♀ brachypterous, 3♀ macropterous, EMEC) ; Que- brada Móquina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.802666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.309167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.802666/lat 10.309167)">Estac. Biol. Monteverde</a>, 10°18.55’N / 84°48.16’W, 24.I.2000, C.B. Barr (1♂, 3♀, all brachypter- ous, EMEC) ; Rio Bella Vista, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.592834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.4575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.592834/lat 12.4575)">Las Alturas Biological Station</a> N of Alturas, 20.VI.2003, 12°27.45’N / 75°35.57’W, 4.360 ft elevation, C.B. Barr coll (2♂, 2♀, all brachypterous, 1♂, 2♀, all macropterous, EMEC) . PANAMA, Chiriquí, same data as holotype (3♂, 6♀, USNM; 3♂, 5♀, EMEC—all brachypterous); Rio Candela, Jurutungo, January 1993, CL2806, coll. J.T. Polhemus (4♂, 4♀, USNM; 1♂, UMC; 1♀, MZUSP—all brachypterous) ; Volcán, 01.March.1924, Fred J. Foster (1♂ brachypterous, 2♀ brachypterous, 1♀ macropterous, USNM) . Veraguas, stream near Santa Fe, 15.I.1993, CL-2832, J.T. Polhemus col (2♂, 2♀, USNM; 1♂, 1♀, UMC—all brachypterous) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E920FFA9FF61F7E7FAE75BE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E923FF96FF61F79BFD645DCB.text	03E58815E923FF96FF61F79BFD645DCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris profundus (Say 1832) Say	<div><p>Limnocoris profundus (Say)</p><p>Naucoris profunda Say, 1832: 363 (original description). Borborocoris profundus: Stål 1862: 461 (new combination). Limnocoris profundus: Stål 1876: 145(new combination); Uhler 1886: 28 (catalog); Torre-Bueno 1906: 52 (catalog); Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno 1909: 183 (catalog); La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog, synonymy); La Rivers 1974: 10 (catalog, synonymy); La Rivers 1976: 12–13 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog).</p><p>Discussion. Naucoris profunda Say, 1832 was described from material collected in Mexico, but the number of specimens in the type series was not given. In his study on the Hemiptera of Mexico, Stål (1862) transferred N. profunda to the genus he had recently created, Borborocoris Stål, 1861, and modified the specific epithet to agree with the genus: B. profundus (Say) . Later, Stål (1876) transferred B. profundus to the genus Limnocoris and recorded this species from Venezuela. Montandon (1897) had access to the collection of C. Stål, deposited in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, for his revision of Limnocorinae . He noted the specimens identified by Stål (1876) as L. profundus from Venezuela belonged to another species, which he described in the revision as L. stali Montandon, 1897 . In addition to the specimens from Venezuela, the type series of L. stali comprised specimens from Bolivia, Guatemala and “N.lle Grenade, Ocana” [Colombia]. Montandon noted that he did not examine any specimens with the characters given in the original description of L. profundus (probably he did not have access to type material of L. profundus); thus, he left aside L. profundus and described the species he had as new. Among the species described by Montandon, L. signoreti was described based on specimens from Mexico previously identified as L. profundus by the French entomologist Victor Signoret (1816–1889).</p><p>The revision of Montandon (1897) resulted in L. profundus and L. signoreti from Mexico, and L. stali from Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, and Venezuela, which were subsequently cited in the catalogs of Torre-Bueno (1906) and Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno (1909). La Rivers (1971, 1974) in his catalogs of Naucoridae proposed L. stali as a junior synonym of L. profundus . However, in the second supplement to the catalog of the family, La Rivers (1976) discounted the synonymy between these species, and provided the following comment: “ L. profundus has been used twice—first by Say in 1832, then by Stål in 1862. Montandon re-named Stål’s species stali in 1897. Stål was aware of Say’s species, but described his profundus in the genus Borborocoris, which later became a syn. of Limnocoris .” However, Stål (1862) did not describe a new species, but simply transferred Naucoris profunda to Borborocoris .</p><p>Although much of Thomas Say’s collection is known to have been lost, we searched for specimens that could be of the type series of L. profundus (Say) in American and European collections, but were unsuccessful. Mawdsley (1993) provided a list of remaining specimens from the collection of Thomas Say deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZC), which included no specimens of Naucoridae . Nieser &amp; López- Ruf (2001) provided a list of species of Limnocoris with their primary type depositories, and indicated that the L. profundus holotype was deposited in the USNM; however, this was refuted by Thomas Henry (pers. comm.), curator of Hemiptera at the USNM. Unfortunately, the type series of Limnocoris profundus (Say, 1832) apparently is lost as are many other Say types, and the original description is insufficient to establish the identity of the species. We hence treat L. profundus (Say) as a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E923FF96FF61F79BFD645DCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E91CFF94FF61F1B7FAFF5B1F.text	03E58815E91CFF94FF61F1B7FAFF5B1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris pygmaeus : La Rivers 1971	<div><p>Limnocoris pygmaeus La Rivers</p><p>(Figs. 2A, 15, 19 A–B, 20A)</p><p>Limnocoris pygmaeus La Rivers, 1956: 92–94 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris solenoides La Rivers, 1970: 5–6 (original description) (new synonym).</p><p>Limnocoris pygmaeus: La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. The distal margin of the labrum is distinctly acuminate (Fig. 15D). The mesosternal carina has the lateral margins of the fossa touching each other, leaving a small posterior opening (Fig. 15D). The dorsal surface of the body is usually yellow to light brown, and the hemelytral membrane has a pale spot medially (Figs. 15A, C).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females). Body length 5.50–6.80/ 5.90–7.20, body width 4.00–4.90/ 4.20–4.93, synthlipsis 1.15–1.23/ 1.20–1.27, head length 0.95–1.18/ 1.00–1.17, head width 1.90–2.40/ 2.00–2.40, pronotum length on midline 1.03–1.40/ 1.20–1.45, pronotum width 3.41–4.30/ 3.62–4.30, scutellum length 0.82–1.10/ 1.02– 1.20, scutellum width 1.70–2.40/ 1.95–2.40, hemelytra length 4.10–5.10/ 4.43–5.25.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Pubescent area of propleuron distinctly extended posteriorly along lateral margin (as in Fig. 1B); posterior margin of propleuron convex at mid-length; posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Fig. 15D). Metasternal carina well developed, fossa rounded to teardrop-shaped (Fig. 15D), slightly depressed medially; posterior margin excavated in lateral view. Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated at midline of segments III–V; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin of mediotergite VII ranging from convex to sinuous, forming two inconspicuous lobes medially; laterotergite VII with mesal margin convex (Fig. 19A); lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half; left medial lobe with small distolateral production, with distal margin rounded; right medial lobe slightly twisted in distal third (Fig. 19B). Female: lateral margins of subgenital plate with tuft of elongate setae at mid-length, posterior margin ranging from convex to narrowly rounded; laterosternite VII with posterolateral corner produced posteriorly (Fig. 15E).</p><p>Comparative notes. This species is morphologically similar to L. inornatus, sharing the general morphology and pubescence of the body. In specimens of L. pygmaeus, the dorsal coloration of the body is light brown to yellowish, and the hemelytral membrane has a large pale central spot, whereas in L. inornatus the body color is usually medium brown to dark brown, and the hemelytral membrane is mottled with light brown, but not as a single medial spot.</p><p>Discussion. Examination of paratypes of L. pygmaeus and L. solenoides revealed that both species are morphologically very similar and identical in features that are generally used to discriminate among species of Limnocoris . In the original description of L. solenoides, La Rivers (1970) differentiated it from L. pygmaeus only by having a longer body, a more “developed” color pattern and by the claval suture more prominent. We consider these differences to be intraspecific variation and propose L. solenoides to be a junior synonym of L. pygmaeus . In addition, three female paratypes of the type series of L. laucki were misidentified and are L. pygmaeus; this was confirmed after examination of the holotype of L. laucki, which differs substantially from L. pygmaeus . However, L. laucki is here proposed as a junior synonym of L. signoreti (see Discussion in L. signoreti).</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from Mexico. The records are concentrated in the western part of the country (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Published records. Mexico: Guerrero (La Rivers 1956).</p><p>Type material examined. All specimens macropterous. PARATYPES of L. pygmaeus: MEXICO, Guerrero, Kil. 438, South of Mex. City, 11.I.1936, H.D. Thomas (3♂, 2♀, CAS; 1♀, USNM). PARATYPES of L. solenoides: MEXICO, Oaxaca, 18 mi. NW El Camaron, 20.VIII.1959, A.E. Menke collector (1♂, 2♀, CAS). PARATYPES of L. laucki: MEXICO, Nayarit, Ahuacatlán, 12.Aug.1957, D. Lauck (2♀, CAS; 1♀, USNM) .</p><p>Additional material examined. All specimens macropterous. MEXICO, Guerrero, Acahuizotla, 27.VI.1983, M. García (1♂, USNM). Jalisco, 6.6 Km SE Villa Purificacion, Puente El Amborin, 08.I.2005, William D. Shepard leg (11♂, 25♀, EMEC) ; 3.4 Km NW El Tuito, 15.I.2005, 1900’, Rio Tuito, William D. Shepard leg (1♂, EMEC) ; SE of Chamela, 06.I.2005, 180’, Rio Cuitzmala, William D. Shepard leg (9♂, 11♀, EMEC) ; Hwy 200, Km 84.5, 06.I.2005, 100’, Rio San Nicolas, William D. Shepard leg (1♂, 2♀, EMEC) ; El Rincon, CL-1231, 27.XI.1968, J.T. Polhemus (1♀, USNM) ; Rio Tomatlan, 300’, CL-736, 09.VI.1975, J.T. Polhemus (2♂, USNM) ; N. Campo Acosta, CL-737, Rio San Nicolas, 09.VI.1975, J.T. Polhemus (1♂, 3♀, USNM) ; Rio Tomatlán, 300’, CL-736, 09.VI.1975, J.T. Polhemus (2♀, USNM) ; El Tuito, 17.III.1975, H. Brailovsky (1♂, USNM) ; Río Cuitzmala, 2.5 Km North of Emiliano Zapata, 06.I.2005, C.B. Barr (2♂, 2♀, UMC) . Nayarit, Las Sabinas, Mpio de Nayar, 11.IV.1991, E. Barrera &amp; J. Leon (3♂, 1♀, UMC) ; Rio Santiago, Colorado de la Mora, Arroyo San Pobleño, 20.V.1991, R. Barba &amp; E. Barrera (1♀, UMC) . Oaxaca, 23 Km carr-, Pochutla, 08.II.1982, A. Ibarra (1♀, USNM) ; same data, except 07.II.1982 (1♂, USNM); San Cristobal, 17.VI.1984, M. García (1♂, 1♀, USNM) ; same data, except R. Mendoza (1♀, USNM); Candelaria Loxita, Rio San Juan, N 15º55.583’, W 96º29.225’, 427 m, 2 April 2015, Sites, Reynoso- Velasco, Shepard, Barr, rocks, gravel L-1904 (11♂, 19♀, UMC) ; Candelaria Loxita, Rio San Juan at Puente San Juan, N 15º55.541’, W 96º29.400’, 410 m, 2 April 2015, Sites, Reynoso-Velasco, gravel riffles L-1905 (4♂, 2♀, UMC; 1♀, MZUSP) ; Mpio. San Gabriel Mixtepec, San Gabriel Mixtepec, Rio Rana, N 16º6.107’, W 97º3.880’, 696 m, 2 April 2015, Sites, Reynoso-Velasco, Shepard, Barr, rocks &amp; gravel, L-1906 (12♂, 6♀, UMC; 1♂, MZUSP) ; Rio Las Arenas, N16º19.953’, W98º0.928’, 54 m, 3 April 2015, Sites &amp; Reynoso-Velasco, sand &amp; rocks, L-1907 (6♂, 22♀, UMC) . Sinaloa, Villa Union, CL- 1022, 21.April.1964, J.T. Polhemus &amp; M.S. Polhemus (5♂, 6♀, USNM) ; Mazatlán, 25–26.V.1934, H.E. Hinton (1♂, 1♀, USNM) ; Villa Union, 10’, CL-718, 06.VI.1975, J.T. Polhemus (7♂, 2♀, USNM; 1♂, UMC) . Sonora, 9 mi. E Sabino, 1500’, CL-727, 05.VI.1973, J.T. Polhemus (1♀, USNM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E91CFF94FF61F1B7FAFF5B1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E91EFF92FF61F78CFF4C599C.text	03E58815E91EFF92FF61F78CFF4C599C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris signoreti : Montandon 1898	<div><p>Limnocoris signoreti Montandon</p><p>(Figs. 16, 19 C–D, 20A)</p><p>Limnocoris signoreti Montandon, 1897: 5 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris laucki La Rivers, 1970: 1–3 (original description) (new synonym).</p><p>Limnocoris brailovskyi La Rivers, 1976: 10–11 (original description) (new synonym).</p><p>Limnocoris stangei La Rivers, 1976: 13–14 (original description) (new synonym).</p><p>Limnocoris signoreti: Montandon 1898: 416 (key); Torre-Bueno 1906: 52 (catalog); Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno 1909: 183 (catalog); La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog).</p><p>Lectotype designation. In the original description, Montandon (1897) mentioned three specimens in the type series of L. signoreti, but did not designate a holotype. We examined these three specimens, each deposited in a different museum: BMNH (1♂), MNHN (1♂), and NHMW (1♀). The specimens deposited in the BMNH and NHMW have in the locality label only the name of the country: Mexico. The specimen from MNHN has no locality information, a fact already mentioned in the original description. We herein designate the female specimen in the NHMW as the lectotype in order to fix the identity of this species. Thus, the two males from BMNH and MNHN are designated as paralectotypes.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other North American species of Limnocoris by the morphology of the mesosternal carina. The fossa is elliptical or oval and partially closed along the midline and posterior region, leaving the fossa open anteriorly and sometimes posteriorly (Figs. 16 D–E).</p><p>Measurements (n = 5 males / 5 females). Body length 7.20–8.24/ 8.16–9.00, body width 5.60–6.12/ 5.82–6.40, synthlipsis 1.45–1.46/ 1.40–1.60, head length 1.25–1.30/ 1.30–1.40, head width 2.60–2.80/ 2.70–2.90, pronotum length on midline 1.50–1.80/ 1.55–1.72, pronotum width 4.88–5.45/ 5.00–5.60, scutellum length 1.30–1.40/ 1.30– 1.52, scutellum width 2.70–2.90/ 2.65–3.20, hemelytra length 5.35–6.20/ 6.10–6.80.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Pubescent area of propleuron distinctly extended posteriorly along lateral margin; posterior margin of propleuron convex at mid-length; posteromesal cor- ner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Figs. 16 D–E). Metasternal carina with fossa oval (Fig. 16D) to teardrop-shaped (Fig. 16E), slightly depressed medially; posterior region excavated in lateral view (Figs. 16H). Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration; posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated at midline of segments III–V. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed; posterior margin of mediotergite VII with two central lobes and two lateral inconspicuous lobes; mesal margin of laterotergite VII shallowly convex (Fig. 19C); lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin shallowly concave in anterior half; left medial lobe angled laterally at apex, distal margin truncate; right medial lobe twisted in distal third (Fig. 19D). Female: lateral margins of subgenital plate converging posteriorly in apical two thirds to narrowly rounded apex, with tuft of elongate setae at mid-length; laterosternites VII converging posteriorly (Fig. 16G).</p><p>Comparative notes. Limnocoris signoreti has the mesosternal carina and pubescence pattern of the body similar to that of L. ovatulus Montandon, a species that occurs in the Andes Mountains in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. However, in L. signoreti the posterolateral corners of III–V are rounded to right angled, whereas in L. ovatulus these corners are distinctly produced. Because we found no variation in this character within each of these species, in addition to the widely separated geographical distributions, we consider L. ovatulus and L. signoreti each to be a distinct species.</p><p>Discussion. We examined type material of L. signoreti, L. brailovskyi, L. laucki, and L. stangei . Examination of many specimens revealed this species to have substantial intraspecific variation. More specifically, specimens range from a yellow-orange to a dark brown color, the distal margin of the labrum can be convex to slightly acuminate, and the lateral margin of the embolium may be angled or rounded in the posterior two thirds. In some specimens the anterior projection of the mesosternal carina was underdeveloped. La Rivers (1960, 1976) described L. laucki, L. brailovskyi, and L. stangei based on these variable characters, which can differ within the same population. As such, we propose L. brailovskyi, L. laucki, and L. stangei to be junior synonyms of L. signoreti .</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from Mexico, with records ranging from Nayarit in the west coast to the south of the country (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Published records. Mexico: Jalisco and Nayarit (Montandon 1897; La Rivers 1970, 1976).</p><p>Type material examined. All specimens macropterous. LECTOTYPE ♀, MEXICO, Coll. Signoret (NHMW) . PARALECTOTYPES: same data as lectotype (1♂, BMNH); without locality data, Coll. G. Fallou 259–95 (1♂, MNHN) . HOLOTYPE of L. brailovskyi, MEXICO, Jalisco, Tuito, 17.March.1975, Harry Brailovsky (♂, UNAM) . PARATYPES of L. brailovskyi: same data as holotype (1♂, CAS) ; MEXICO, Jalisco, Guadalajara, 01. VII.3 (?) (1♂, CAS) . HOLOTYPE of L. laucki, MEXICO, Nayarit, Ahuacatlan, 12.Aug.1957, D. Lauck (♀, CAS) . PARA- TYPES of L. laucki: same data as holotype (22♂, including ‘ allotype,’ 21♀, CAS; 1♂, 1♀, USNM) . PARATYPES of L. stangei: MEXICO, Nayarit, 23 mi SE Tepic, 26.VIII.1959, A.S. Menke &amp; L.A. Stange collectors (1♂, 1♀, CAS) .</p><p>Additional material examined. All specimens macropterous. MEXICO, Chiapas, 1 mi SW of Ixhuatan, CL-1098, 05.May.1964, J.T. &amp; M.S. Polhemus (2♂, 2♀, USNM). Jalisco, Estacion Biologica Chamela-Jalisco, R. Tomatlan, 19.III.75, H. Brailovsky (1♂, USNM); Guadalajara, J.R. de La Torre Bueno Collection (2♂, 2♀, UMC) ; Guadalaraja, 1. VII.3 (1♂, USNM; 2♂, EMEC) . Mexico, Tejupilco, Temescaltepec, 15.VI.1933, H.E. Hinton &amp; R.L. Usinger collectors (4♂, 5♀, EMEC) ; same data, except 18.VI.1933 (2♂, 1♀, EMEC); same data, except 19.VI.1933 (1♀, EMEC); same data, except 20.VI.1933 (1♀, USNM; 1♀, EMEC); same data, except 27.VI.1933 (1♀, EMEC); same data, except VII.1934 (2♀, EMEC); Paso de Vigas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.23272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.892467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.23272/lat 18.892467)">Arroyo Paso de Vigas</a>, 05 April 2015, L-1909, algae &amp; gravel in pools, 18°53.548’N / 100°13.963’W, Reynoso-Velasco, Sites &amp; Shepard (1♀, MZUSP) . Oaxaca, Mpio Valle Nacional San Mateo Yetla, 13.X.1990, E. Barrera, E. Ramirez &amp; A. Cadena (2♂, 1♀, UMC; 1♀, MZUSP) ; San Mateo Yetla, 20.XI.1990, E. Barrera &amp; A. Cadena (1♀, UMC) . Veracruz, Zongolica, 11.VIII.74, J. Bueno (1♀, USNM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E91EFF92FF61F78CFF4C599C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E918FF90FF61F409FE4259DF.text	03E58815E918FF90FF61F409FE4259DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris virescens Montandon	<div><p>Limnocoris virescens Montandon</p><p>(Figs. 1C, 2E, 17, 19 E–F, 20A)</p><p>Limnocoris virescens Montandon, 1897: 7 (original description).</p><p>Limnocoris virescens: Torre-Bueno 1906: 52 (catalog); Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno 1909: 184 (catalog); La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog); Nieser &amp; López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog); Herrera 2013: 227 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens of L. virescens measure 8.71–10.22 mm. The pubescent area of the propleuron is extended posteriorly to halfway along the lateral margin or slightly less. The mesosternal carina has the fossa shallow and elliptical to oval. The posterolateral corners of abdominal segments III–V are spinose and produced posteriorly.</p><p>Measurements (n = 10 males / 6 females). Body length 8.71–10.15/ 9.40–10.25, body width 6.40–7.42/ 6.90– 7.52, synthlipsis 1.52–1.63/ 1.40–1.55, head length 1.50–1.60/ 1.55–1.75, head width 3.10–3.25/ 3.13–3.30, pronotum length on midline 1.68–1.90/ 1.60–1.80, pronotum width 6.30–6.90/ 6.60–6.95, scutellum length 1.40–1.70/ 1.75–1.83, scutellum width 2.75–3.40/ 3.00–3.10, hemelytra length 7.20–7.60/ 7.40–7.63.</p><p>Supplemental description. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Distal margin of labrum triangular, acuminate. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender not partially fused, with long setae. Head with posteroventral postgenal tubercle on midline. Posterior margin of propleuron convex at mid-length; posteromesal corner near prosternellum not deflexed ventrally. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae (Fig. 17D). Metasternal carina with fossa oval to elliptical (Fig. 17D), slightly depressed medially; posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 17F). Lateral margins of abomen with minute serration; posterolateral corner of II narrowly to right angled, III–V produced posteriorly, spinose; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated at midline of segments III–V; sternum II with sinuous row of golden setae. Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed, posterior margin with small notch on left side; posterior margin of mediosternite VII ranging from broadly convex to straight; laterotergite VII tapering posteriorly (Fig. 19E); lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half; left medial lobe not angled laterally at apex, distal margin truncate; right medial lobe twisted near distal margin (Fig. 19F). Female: lateral margins of subgenital plate with tuft of elongate setae at mid-length, posterior margin broadly rounded; laterosternites VII and VIII each converging posteriorly (Fig. 17E).</p><p>Comparative notes. This species is morphologically similar to L. major n. sp. with which it can be easily mistaken. In L. virescens, the pubescent area of the propleuron is extended posteriorly, and the fossa of the mesosternal carina is shallow; whereas in L. major the pubescent area is extended posteriorly along the lateral margin, and the mesosternal carina is distinctly deep.</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed from northern Costa Rica (Alajuela and Guanacaste) to the central region of Panamá (Colon) (Fig. 20A). The specimens examined in the present study are from localities with elevations up to 265 meters above sea level.</p><p>Published records. Costa Rica: Puntarenas (Montandon 1897). Kirkaldy &amp; Torre-Bueno (1909: 184) recorded this species from Mexico; however, they mentioned two references in which this species was recorded only from the type locality, in Costa Rica. In the present study, we did not examine material of L. virescens from Mexico. Thus, the record for Mexico is not considered here.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ brachypterous, COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, Buenos Aires, H. Pittier, Montandon Coll. 1901–233 (BMNH).</p><p>Additional material examined. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.6435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.462334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.6435/lat 10.462334)">Río Burio</a> just S of Fortuna, 10°27.74’N / 84°38.61’W, 15.I.2000, C.B. Barr (1♂ macropterous, EMEC) . Guanacaste, Río Grande at La Mansión, 05.V.1995, B.O. Huntsman (2♂, 4♀, all brachypterous, BYUC) . Heredia, Rio Sarapiqui margin, just E. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.136665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.136665/lat 10.387)">Hwy</a> 4, 10°23.22’N, 84°08.20’W, alt. 620’, 25-VI-2003, A.E.Z. Short (1♀ brachypterous, UMC) . Limon, Rio Catarata, 4 km N Bribri, 11 June 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1381 (1♂ brachypterous, 1♀ brachypterous, UMC) . Puntarenas, Río Caracol at Hwy 2, 7.3 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.01139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.663055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.01139/lat 8.663055)">rd. Km</a> E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.01139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.663055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.01139/lat 8.663055)">Río Claro</a>, 23.VI.2001, 08°39’47”N / 83°00’41”W, elevation 80 ft., C.B. Barr coll. (3♂ brachypterous, 1♂ macropterous, 10♀ brachypterous, EMEC) ; Rio Balsar, 0.6 km SE, Ciudad Cortes, 190 ft, 22 June 2001, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1397 (9♂ brachypterous, 4♀ brachypterous, 1♀ macropterous, UMC) ; Río Bal- sar at Hwy. 34 just E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.516945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.984722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.516945/lat 8.984722)">Ciudad Cortés</a>, 22.VI.2001, 08°59’05”N / 83°31’01”W, elevation 190 ft., C.B. Barr coll (6♂ brachypterous, 1♂ macropterous, 2♀ brachypterous, EMEC) . NICARAGUA, Rio San Juan, Rio Bartola, Refugio Bartola, 10 Aug. 2002, W.D. Shepard, WDS-A-1492 (13♂ brachypterous, 4♂ macropterous, 11♀ brachypterous, 2♀ macropterous, UMC) . PANAMA, Colon, Rio Cascajal, 2 mi east of Porto Belo, 23.VIII.1986, C.R. Nelson (4♂, 1♀, all brachypterous, BYUC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E918FF90FF61F409FE4259DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
03E58815E91AFF9DFF61F45BFE475C8F.text	03E58815E91AFF9DFF61F45BFE475C8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnocoris zacki Rodrigues & Sites 2019	<div><p>Limnocoris zacki Rodrigues &amp; Sites NEW SPECIES</p><p>(Figs. 1A, 2B, 2D, 18, 19 G–H, 20B)</p><p>Description. Male—hindwing brachypterous. HOLOTYPE, length 5.84; maximum width 4.24. Paratypes (n = 10), length 5.68–6.32 (mean = 6.07); maximum width 4.16–4.40 (mean = 4.28). General shape rounded to oval; widest across posterior region of embolia. Overall dorsal coloration brown to dark brown, hemelytral membrane slightly darker, mottled on head, pronotum, and hemelytra (Fig. 18A). Dorsal surface with fine granulations and punctate throughout. Ventral coloration brown to dark brown.</p><p>Head. Head length 1.22, maximum width 2.04. Mostly medium brown with posterior region dark brown, punctate (Fig. 18A). Synthlipsis 1.08; eyes not raised above level of vertex or pronotum. Anterior margin between eyes convex, extending anteriorly 19% of head. Maxillary plate tumescent anteriorly. Labrum width 1.2× length, distolateral margins convergent to broadly rounded apex. Labium with three visible brownish segments, darkening distally, extending 0.32 beyond labrum not including extruded stylets. Antenna, length 0.46; not exceeding lateral margin of eye; pedicel quadrate; flagellomeres slender, partially fused, with long setae. Postgenal tubercle on posteroventral midline.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum ground color brown, rectangular area behind eyes darker, lateral margins light brown; other smaller dark brown markings generally dispersed; transverse sulcus marking anterior border of transverse band in posterior 1/4; anterior margin concave between eyes; lateral margins convergent anteriorly, evenly convex; posterior margin almost straight, shallowly concave medially; posterolateral corner rounded (Fig. 18A); greatest width 3.3× length at midline; length at midline 1.14; maximum width at posterolateral corner 3.78. Prothorax ventrally dark brown medially, light brown laterally (Fig. 18B). Propleuron with pubescent area distinctly extended posteriorly along lateral margin; posterior margin straight (Fig. 1A); posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally. Probasisternum with median carina bilobate in lateral view, and divided in two posteriorly. Scutellum punctate; triangular; reddish brown, darker at anterolateral corners, light brown on posterior corner; width 2.00, length 1.00. Hemelytra punctate, brown to dark brown, with darker and lighter markings throughout, mostly on corium; membrane darker and mottled (Fig. 18A); length 4.44 (chord measurement). Embolium greatest width 0.58, lateral margin convex, light brown in anterior 3/4 and brown posteriorly. Hindwings reduced. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum without longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Mesosternal carina with median ridge between anterior projection and fossa increasing in size to acute projection at anterior end of fossa (Fig. 18E); fossa partially open anteriorly, shape roundedly quadrate to oval (Fig. 18C). Metasternal carina with fossa oval to teardrop-shaped, slightly depressed medially (Fig. 18C); posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 18E).</p><p>Legs. All legs segments medium brown to light brown, except dark brown apical part of tarsomere III of middle and hind legs (Fig. 18B). Procoxa with cluster of stout, brown anteromedial spines. Profemur anterior margin with dense pad of setae without associated spines, posterior margin with row of short brown spines along basal half. Protibia and tarsus with occlusal inner surface flattened; tarsus one-segmented, immovable; pretarsal claw single, minute, triangular. Meso- and metacoxae partially recessed into thorax (Fig. 18B). Meso- and metafemora with row of short, brown spines on anterior margin. Meso- and metatibiae with ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsolateral, and dorsomedial rows of stout brownish spines; meso- and metatibiae with two transverse rows of spines distally, one on lateral and another on mesal margins. Meso- and metatibiae and metatarsus with long, pale swimming hairs, hairs profuse on metatibia and –tarsus. Meso- and metapretarsi with paired claws slender, gently curved, with minute basal tooth. Leg measurements as follows: fore leg, femur 1.48, tibia 1.00, tarsus 0.38; middle leg, femur 1.62, tibia 1.20, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.12, 0.30, 0.41; hind leg, femur 2.06, tibia 2.08, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.12, 0.70, 0.68.</p><p>Abdomen. Dorsally with lateral margins of terga III–VIII exposed; terga III–V dark brown anteriorly, light brown posteriorly (Fig. 18A); marginal row of short yellow setae, and group of trichobothria near posterolateral corners. Lateral margin of abdomen with minute serration. Posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Sterna brown (Fig. 18B), covered by golden pubescence, without generally dispersed elongate golden setae; sternum II with irregular patch of elongate golden setae. Mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process poorly developed (Fig. 19G). Mediotergite VII posterior margin with rounded, inconspicuous posterolateral corners and a rounded central lobe; lateral lobe with lateral margins parallel, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 19G). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin shallowly concave in anterior half; left medial lobe angled laterally at apex, with distal margin truncate; right medial lobe twisted in distal third; mediosternite VIII with medial notch on posterior margin (Fig. 18B).</p><p>Female—hindwing brachypterous. Paratypes (n = 10), length 5.88–6.56 (mean = 6.16); maximum width 4.24–4.64 (mean = 4.42). Similar to male in general structure and coloration, except as follows: Abdominal tergum VI symmetrical. Subgenital plate width 1.02× length; length at midline 0.82; maximum width 0.84; lateral margins converging in apical 3/4 to broadly rounded apex, without tuft of elongate golden setae at mid-length (Fig. 18D); laterosternite VII acuminate posteriorly; laterosternite VIII with posterior margin truncate to convex.</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens of L. zacki n. sp. are small, measuring 5.84–6.56. The pubescent area of the propleuron is distinctly extended posteriorly along the lateral margin and the posterior margin of the propleuron is straight at mid-length (Fig. 1A). The mesosternal carina has a distinct projection between the anterior projection and fossa, and a small aperture at the anterior region of the fossa. The male abdominal mediosternite VIII has a medial notch on the posterior margin.</p><p>Comparative notes. Limnocoris zacki n. sp. is similar to L. insularis, L. lutzi, and L. nanus n. sp. These species are similar in size and morphology, including the pubescence pattern of the ventral surface. The primary character to distinguish among these species is the mesosternal carina; L. zacki is unique with a distinct projection between the anterior projection and fossa, and a small aperture at the anterior region of the fossa.</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed from southern Mexico (Chiapas) to northwestern Guatemala (Huehuetenango and Suchitepequez) (Fig. 20B). It probably also occurs in El Salvador and Honduras. Additional field surveys in these countries are needed.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet honors the American entomologist Richard S. Zack (Washington State University), who has conducted extensive fieldwork in Guatemala and kindly made specimens available to us for study.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE brachypterous ♂: MEXICO, Chiapas, Mpio. Ángel Albino Corzo, Jaltenango, Río Jaltenango (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.7315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.876028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.7315/lat 15.876028)">Río Lagartero</a>), 6 January 2012, 605 m, 15°52’33.7”N / 92°43’53.4”W, riffles &amp; marginal vegetation, D. Reynoso-Velasco, L-1313 (UMC) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1♂, 6♀, UMC; 1♀, MZUSP—all brachypterous); same but 7 January 2012, L-1314 (10♂, 9♀, UNAM; 10♂, 8♀, all brachypterous, 1♀ macropterous, IEXA); Km 30 fm Jaltenango to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.578804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.706555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.578804/lat 15.706555)">Siltepec</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.578804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.706555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.578804/lat 15.706555)">Plan de Ayutla</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.578804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.706555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.578804/lat 15.706555)">El Plan de Río Ayutla</a>, 19 May 2012, 846 m, 15°42’23.6”N / 92°34’43.7”W, D. Reynoso-Velasco, L-1346 (1♂, 3♀, all brachypterous, UMC) . GUATEMALA, Huehuetenango, Dept. Rio Nenton ca 8 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.88951&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.79915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.88951/lat 15.79915)">Km</a> NE of La Laguna, 10 May 2013, 15.79915°N / 91.88951°W, 613 m, R.S. Zack collector (1♂, 1♀, UMC; 1♂, MZUSP; 1♂, 2♀, WSU—all brachypterous) . Suchitepequez, District Finca los Tarrales ca 12 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.138054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.526944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.138054/lat 14.526944)">Km</a> N of Patulul, 6 June 2005, 14°31’37”N / 91°08’17”W, 750 m, small stream, R.S. Zack coll (1♂ macropterous, UMC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58815E91AFF9DFF61F45BFE475C8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rodrigues, Higor D. D.;Sites, Robert W.	Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Sites, Robert W. (2019): Revision of Limnocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of North America. Zootaxa 4629 (4): 451-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.1
