taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E59A56FF90FF85FF7BFE796618AA57.taxon	description	Description. Male. Head dichoptic; frons shining black, as wide as or slightly wider than anterior ocellus width; face as broad as frons, slightly gray pruinose at apex; one or two pairs of ocellar setae, posterior pair weaker when present; postgena sometimes with setae as strong as dorsal thoracic setae; flagellum with 1 or 3 flagellomeres. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3 pairs of dorsocentrals; 1 postpronotal stout and 1 – 3 minute; 1 supra – alar presutural; 1 supra – alar postsutural; 1 postalar strong and 1 minute; 2 notopleurals, posterior stout; 2 pairs of scutellars, outer pair weaker; 2 – 4 antepronotals; 1 – 4 proepisternals weak or as strong as dorsal thoracic setae; 3 – 10 katatergitals. Fore and mid tibiae with some setae slightly stronger, sometimes absent on fore tibia; hind femur with anterior setae at base and apex, or absent and 1 – 2 longer anteroventral setae at distal third; hind tibia with 3 – 5 longer dorsal setae; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 longer dorsal seta. Wing brown infuscated on costal and distal margin to almost entirely hyaline; pterostigma slightly darker; cell dm elongate, slightly acute to truncate; veins M 1, M 2 and apex of A 1 evanescent or somewhat distinct. Abdomen shining black. Terminalia with tergite 8 somewhat short with distal sinus (Figs. 5, 17, 29, 36). Epandrium with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height (Figs. 6, 18, 30, 37). Hypandrium with variable setae, with apex narrow (Figs. 7, 19) or wide (Figs. 31, 38). Cercus divided into two lobes (see Rafael & Cumming 2004) and an additional distinct median membranous lobe between them (Fig. 6); anterior cercus wide or narrow, connected anteriorly and medially by large flat cercal expansion; posterior cercus elongated. Phallus (Figs. 7, 19, 31, 38) as long as hypandrium, with apical portion of endophallus slightly projected beyond sheath (Fig. 38). Ejaculatory apodeme tetralamelar (Fig. 7). Female. Head dichoptic; frons wider than anterior ocellus width; face narrower than frons, approximately half of anterior ocellus width. Legs with no pinnate scales; hind tarsomere 1 with one dorsal setae. Wing slightly wider than in male, usually more infuscated at costal and distal margin. Terminalia less shining and more gray pruinose than preabdomen. Tergite 8 elongate. Sternite 8 usually with median large sinus, laterally with ventral constriction. Genital fork with short to indistinct lateral arms. Spermatheca (Fig. 25) with long duct and rounded receptacle.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF93FF87FF7BFF1066E5ACCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Fore tarsomere 1 of male swollen dorsally. Wing entirely hyaline with inconspicuous pterostigma.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF93FF87FF7BFF1066E5ACCA.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male, previously preserved in alcohol; specimen somewhat discolored by alcohol action. Body length 2.6 mm; wing length 3.9 mm. Frons shining black, wider than anterior ocellus width. Face slightly narrower than frons, approximately as wide as anterior ocellus width. Ocellar tubercle slightly protuberant with 1 pair of ocellar setae. Postcranium black, gray pruinose. Antenna yellow, flagellum with one flagellomere. Proboscis yellow. Palpus yellowish. Thorax shining black, gray pruinose; postpronotal and postalar lobes slightly yellow. Thoracic setae: 2 antepronotals; 1 – 3 minute proepisternals; 5 – 7 katatergitals; other setae as described for limbipennis species-group (diagnosed above). Legs shining yellow with mid and hind coxae, hind tibia and all tarsi slightly darker. Femora / tibiae setae slightly stronger: mid tibia (Fig. 2) with 1 anterodorsal, 1 posterodorsal near middle, 2 – 3 ventral along distal half; hind femur (Fig. 3) with 1 anteroventral at distal third; hind tibia (Fig. 3) with 3 – 4 slender dorsal setae. Hind tarsomere 1 with one longer dorsal seta. Fore tarsus (Fig. 1) unicolorous with tarsomere 1, swollen dorsally. Wing (Fig. 4) entirely hyaline with inconspicuous pterostigma. Cell dm truncate. Veins M 1, M 2 and A 1 evanescent. Halter white. Abdomen shining black, more gray pruinose on terminalia. Sternites 1 – 2 slightly yellow. Tergite 8 (Fig. 5) with distal sinus. Epandrium (Fig. 6) with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height with shallow sinus. Anterior cercus very large with internal sinus; posterior cercus somewhat short; median lobe membranous with long setae. Hypandrium (Fig. 7) with setae medially and apex somewhat simple. Ejaculatory apodeme with short dorsal lamella. Female. Body length not measured; wing length 2.4 mm. Frons and face as in male. Fore tarsomere 1 not swollen. Hind femur without anteroventral setae. Hind tibia with 3 dorsal setae. Tergite 8 (Figs. 8, 9) with distinct distal sulcus. Sternite 8 (Figs. 8, 10) highly modified, with distinct sulcus ventrally and laterally. Genital fork (Fig. 11) small with apex short U – shaped. Genital chamber membranous. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Distrito Federal).	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF93FF87FF7BFF1066E5ACCA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. HOLOTYPE ɗ: “ BRASIL, DF [Distrito Federal], Brasília, Res [erva] Biol [ógica] [do] IBGE, Brejoi (sic, = Brejo) Taquara [15 ° 57 ' 21.93 '' S – 47 ° 53 ' 18.32 '' W], iv. 1981, B. F. S. Dias et al. Cols. ” // “ Macrostomus inflatus Holótipo ɗ ” (INPA). PARATYPES. Same data as holotype, v. 1981 (1 Ψ, INPA); 18 – 25. iii. 1982 (1 ɗ, INPA, body entirely in microvial with glycerin). Holotype condition. Pinned (previously preserved in alcohol), in good condition.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF93FF87FF7BFF1066E5ACCA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin inflatus = swollen, in reference to the swollen shape of the male fore first tarsomere.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF92FF81FF7BFB996789AEAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postgenal and antepronotal setae as strong as dorsal thoracic setae. Tergite 8 fused with sternite 8, humped with microspinulose lateral expansion. Hypandrium somewhat narrow at apex, subequal in diameter along its length. Re-description. Lectotype male, designated below. Head and thorax redescription, except legs, based on Peruvian Amazonian conspecific specimens with the examined lectotype. Body length 3.8 mm; wing length 3.8 mm. Male frons shining black, as large as anterior ocellus width. Face less shining black, as wide as frons, slightly gray pruinose at apex. Ocellar tubercle slightly protuberant with 2 pairs of ocellar setae, posterior pair minute. Postcranium black, gray pruinose with slender setae, except for 3 postgenal setae as strong as dorsal thoracic setae. Antenna velvety black with pedicel yellowish. Flagellum with three flagellomeres. Proboscis yellow, brown at base. Palpus brown with 2 longer ventral and 1 longer distal setae. Thorax shining black, gray pruinose, with prosternum yellow, propleura, postpronotal and postalar lobes partially yellow. Thoracic setae: 3 – 4 antepronotals as strong as adjacent thoracic setae; 2 – 3 proepisternals with one stronger; 8 – 10 katatergitals with anterior row longer; other setae as described for limbipennis species-group (diagnosed above). Legs shining predominantly yellow with distal half of hind femur, distal fourth of fore tibia, distal three-fourths of mid tibia, entire hind tibia black; all tarsi black with fore tarsomeres 1 – 4 white distally and tarsomere 2 white banded medially. Femora / tibiae setae slightly stronger: fore tibia (Fig. 12) with 2 anterodorsals along basal third, 2 posterior setae with one near middle and one along distal third (sometimes some setae absent); mid femur (Fig. 13) with 1 stronger anterior near apex; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsals, 2 posterior along basal half, 1 anteroventral at middle of distal half, 1 posteroventral seta near middle; hind femur (Fig. 14) with 2 anterior setae with one at basal fifth and one at distal fifth, 2 anteroventral along median third with distal strongest; hind tibia with 5 – 6 slender dorsal setae. Hind tarsomere 1 with one longer dorsal seta and short spine-like setae ventrally. Wing (Figs. 15, 16) brown infuscated along costal and distal margin. Cell dm somewhat acute. Veins M 1, M 2 and A 1 distinct. Halter yellowish with knob whitish. Abdomen and terminalia redescription based on lectotype. Abdomen shining black with gray pruinescence on terminalia. Tergite 8 fused with sternite 8 (Fig. 18), humped with microspinulose lateral expansion (Figs. 17, 18). Epandrium (Fig. 18) with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height. Anterior cercus somewhat small, narrower ventrally; posterior cercus widened distally; median lobe membranous with long setae. Internal arm of bacilliform sclerite very developed with strong setae distally. Hypandrium (Fig. 19) with setae placed medially, distal pair longer; apex somewhat narrow, subequal in diameter along its length; subapically with paired membranous expansion, anterior distal margin more sclerotized and projected over apex. Ejaculatory apodeme with short dorsal lamella. Female. Frons and face wider than anterior ocellus width and wider than in male. Cell r 1 entirely brown infuscated (Fig. 20). Fore tarsi unicolorous. Tergite 8 (Figs. 21, 22) widened laterally, with distinct sulcus distally. Sternite 8 (Figs. 22, 23) divided. Genital fork small with apex slightly wider (Fig. 24). Genital chamber highly sclerotized (Figs. 22, 24). Spermathecal duct elongated, widened medially and with spherical spotted receptacle distally (Fig. 25). Geographical distribution. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas, Acre).	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF92FF81FF7BFB996789AEAC.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. LECTOTYPE ɗ, here designated: “ PERU [Pasco], Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, 10. xii. 1903, [300 m.] ” (SMTD). PARALECTOTYPES: same data as lectotype (1 Ψ, SMTD, poor condition); 08. xii. 1903 (1 specimen SMTD, in poor condition); 11. xii. 1903 (1 specimen SMTD, in poor condition). Additional material. PERU, Cuzco, Quincemil, 13 – 31. viii. 1962, L. Pena, 780 m (30 ɗ, 11 Ψ, CNC; 5 ɗ, 1 Ψ, INPA); Quincemil, 27 – 31. viii. 1962, 740 m (5 ɗ, CNC); Quincemil, viii. 1962 (5 ɗ, CNC); Quincemil, 10 – 20. ix. 1962, 400 m (1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, CNC); Quincemil, 15 – 30. x. 1962, 700 m (14 ɗ, 5 Ψ, CNC); Quincemil, 01 – 15. xi. 1962, 700 m (41 ɗ, 23 Ψ, CNC; 7 ɗ, 7 Ψ, INPA); Huanuco, Tingo Maria, 14. x. 1940, 2200 ft, J. C. Pallister coll., Donor Frank Johnson (1 Ψ, AMNH); Tingo Maria, Monson Valley, 21. x. 1954, E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross, Collection CAS, San Francisco (1 ɗ, CAS); Yurao, 67 mi. E. of Tingo Maria, 16. xi. 1954 (1 specimen CAS, without abdomen); ECUADOR, Loja, W. Zamora, 1200 m, xi. 1970, L. E. Pena (2 ɗ, MZSP). BRAZIL, Amazonas, Juruá, Minervazinho, 13 – 21. i. 1996, P. Bührnheim & N. O. Aguiar, Malaise (1 Ψ, INPA); Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Moa, 0 7 ° 37 ' 02 '' S – 72 ° 46 ' 15 '' W, 19 – 28. xi. 1996, J. A. Rafael, J. Vidal & R. L. Menezes, varredura, mata (1 ɗ, INPA). Lectotype condition. Left flagellum lost; right wing mounted on microslide and abdomen in microvial with glycerin.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF92FF81FF7BFB996789AEAC.taxon	description	Variation. One specimen from Brazil (Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul) with legs predominantly black.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF94FF82FF7BFAB860AEAD5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postgenal and antepronotal setae weaker than dorsal thoracic setae. Tergite 8 with wide median projection at distal margin. Hypandrium distinctly wider at apex. Re-description. Holotype male. Body length 3.4 mm; wing length 4.1 mm. The type of M. nigriventris was not located by Rafael (2001). Fortunately it was found in the Hope Entomological Collections of the University Museum in Oxford (OUMNH). The original description was transcribed by Smith (1962) and is useful. The wing and the terminalia are intact and it is now possible to add the following characters: posterior leg with coxa, trochanter and femur yellow, except apex of femur light brown; tibia light brown with extreme base yellow; tarsus yellow; tibia (Fig. 26) with six slender dorsal setae; tarsomere 1 with 1 longer dorsal seta at middle and short spinelike setae ventrally. Wing (Fig. 27) hyaline, light brown infuscated at costal and distal margins with pterostigma darker; cell dm somewhat truncate; veins M 1, M 2 and A 1 evanescent. Halter lost. Abdomen shining black after dissection. Sternites concolorous with tergites. Terminalia black. Tergite 8 (Fig. 29) with somewhat wide projection inside median distal sulcus. Epandrium (Fig. 30) with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height with somewhat deep sinus. Anterior cercus very large with dorsal sinus; posterior cercus elongate, bifid; median lobe (Figs. 28, 30) with long setae. Hypandrium (Fig. 31) with 6 slender setae along posterior margin (broken on dissected piece), with wider apex. Ejaculatory apodeme with short lateral lamella. Female. Unknown. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Minas Gerais).	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF94FF82FF7BFAB860AEAD5F.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. HOLOTYPE ɗ: “ Rhamphomyia nigriventris Macq. Male, n. sp., Brasil, Minas Gerais, Macq. D. 9 r. Nvn ” (sic) [handwritten white rectangular label, black bordered] // “ Holotype ” [printed rounded label red bordered] // “ R. nigriventris ex Coll. Bigot ” [printed rectangular white label] (OUMNH). Holotype condition. Pinned specimen in poor condition. Body covered with a secretion (? glue). Right anterior leg with no tarsus. Left anterior leg lost. Left mid tibia glued to the pin, tarsus mounted on microslide. Right mid leg (except coxa) and posterior legs (except coxae) mounted on microslide. Wings mounted on microslide; mounted right wing with basal third lost; left wing (Fig. 27) almost entire. Abdomen in good condition, in microvial with glycerin. Microslide and microvial on pin with specimen.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF97FF8CFF7BFA7E67ECAE1C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postgenal and antepronotal setae weaker than dorsal thoracic setae. Thorax and legs predominantly yellow. Abdomen shinning black. Male wing infuscated at apex; female wing infuscated at costal margin. Flagellum short pilose. Posterior tibia with long setae. Hypandrium distinctly wider at apex.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF97FF8CFF7BFA7E67ECAE1C.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male. Body length 3.0 mm; wing length 3.9 mm. Head with frons shining black, as large as anterior ocellus width. Face less shining black, as wide as frons, slightly gray pruinose at apex. Ocellar tubercle slightly protuberant with 2 pairs of ocellar setae, posterior pair minute. Postcranium black, gray pruinose. Antenna velvety black with pedicel yellowish. Flagellum pubescent, with 3 flagellomeres. Proboscis yellow, brown at base. Palpus light brown to yellow. Thorax shining yellow with scutum and scutellum darker with more distinct gray pruinescence. Postpronotal and postalar lobes yellow. Depending on light incidence, in anterior view scutum with wide, dark stripe or 2 narrow dark stripes between dorsocentral setae. Thoracic setae: 4 dorsocentrals with posterior stronger; 3 postpronotals with 1 longer; 3 notopleurals with posterior stronger; 2 pairs of scutellars with inner pair slightly convergent; 4 antepronotals; 2 – 3 proepisternals; 6 katatergitals with anterior row stronger; other setae as described for limbipennis species-group (diagnosed above). Legs shining yellow with apices of hind femur, fore tibia and mid tibia darker. Hind tibia and all tarsi black with fore tarsomeres 1 – 4 white distally. Femora / tibiae setae slightly stronger: fore tibia (Fig. 32) with 1 anterodorsal seta near base, 1 posterior near middle; mid femur (Fig. 33) with 1 strong anterior seta near apex; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsals, 1 – 2 posterior along basal half, 1 – 2 anteroventral at middle of distal half; hind femur (Fig. 34) with 2 anterior setae, 1 at basal fifth and 1 at distal fifth, 1 stronger anteroventral at base of distal third, and other slender anteroventral setae; hind tibia with 5 – 6 slender dorsal setae. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 longer dorsal and short spine-like setae ventrally. Wing (Fig. 35) hyaline, brown infuscated at distal margin. Cell dm truncate. Veins M 1, M 2 and A 1 evanescent. Halter light yellow to white. Abdomen shining black with blue reflection in certain lights; lateral bristles longer. Sternites concolorous with tergites. Tergite 8 (Fig. 36) with small projection inside median distal sinus. Epandrium (Fig. 37) with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height with deep sinus. Anterior cercus very large with internal sinus; posterior cercus elongate; median lobe membranous with long setae. Hypandrium (Fig. 38) with many setae along posterior margin, with wider apex. Ejaculatory apodeme with short dorsal lamella. Female. Body length 3.4 mm; wing length 3.7 mm. Frons and face wider than anterior ocellus width and wider than in male. Wing (Fig. 39) with cell r 1 and base of cell r 2 + 3 brown infuscated. Fore tarsi unicolorous. Tergite 8 (Fig. 40) with median and basal heavily sclerotized area. Sternite 8 (Figs. 41, 42) distinctly curved with anterior third thinner, ventrally more sclerotized at median third. Tergite 10 with basal incision (Fig. 40) [cerci broken]. Genital fork (Fig. 43) small. Genital chamber membranous. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso).	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF97FF8CFF7BFA7E67ECAE1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. HOLOTYPE ɗ: “ [BRASIL], Est [ado] de Goiás, Corumbá, F. [azenda] Monjolinho, 11 – 945 [xi. 1945], Barreto col. ” // “ Macrostomus nitidus Holótipo ɗ ” (MZSP). PARATYPES. Same data as holotype (1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, MZSP; 1 ɗ, INPA). Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães [15 ° 26 ' 13.7 '' S 55 ° 47 ' 27.0 '' W], 22 – 30. xi. 1983, J. E. Bindá, arm. Malaise (INPA) (4 ɗ, INPA; 3 ɗ, CNC).	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF97FF8CFF7BFA7E67ECAE1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin nitidus = shining, in reference to the shining black abdomen.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
03E59A56FF99FF8CFF7BFC5761DAAA07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postgena and antepronotal setae as strong as dorsal thoracic setae. Cell dm somewhat truncate. M 1, M 2 and A 1 veins rather evanescent distally. Hypandrium somewhat narrow at apex, subequal in diameter along its length. Female sternite 8 elongate, thin distally. Re-description. This species was adequately described by Rafael and Cumming (2006). Geographical distribution. Peru, Ecuador.	en	Rafael, José Albertino, Cumming, Jeffrey M. (2012): Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). III. The limbipennis species-group. Zootaxa 3361: 45-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281632
