taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E5D65BEF3C3F6D079CF9C8FD0DD6F7.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus. Ibericancer n. gen. (gender masculine).	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF3C3F6D079CF9C8FD0DD6F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large-sized crabs; carapace suboval, thick, with high flanks; fronto-orbital margin gently salient; front relatively broad, protuberant at inner-orbital angles, somewhat concave from dorsal view, noticeably notched medially; rostrum narrow, strongly downturned, axially grooved, bilobed; orbits small, directed forwards, with deep fissure and supramarginal tooth; dorsal regions relatively inflated, poorly differentiated except for moderately deep branchiocardiac grooves, some depressions, scarcely pronounced swellings; posterior margin of carapace concave, rimmed, axially raised; pterygostomial region large; pleural suture at sides of carapace; thoracic sternum well developed, conspicuously elevated laterally, with strong pointed prominence on each side of the anterior portion of sternite 4; only relative narrow portion of sternum exposed laterally at level of P 2 – P 4; sternum bent, narrowing posteriorly at level of P 4, P 5; sternite 5 relatively large, sternite 6 as narrow, elongated plate, sternite 7 very reduced, oblique, sternite 8 completely covered by abdomen, not exposed; abdomen weakly dimorphic sexually, relatively broad in males; locking mechanism of press button type; male gonopore on P 5 coxa; female gonopore on P 3 coxa; spermathecae at extremities of suture 7 / 8; chelipeds homochelous, slender, with propodus longer than wide; P 2, P 3 extremely robust, long; P 4, P 5 markedly reduced, subequal, subdorsal.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF3C3F6D079CF9C8FD0DD6F7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There are many differences between Ibericancridae n. fam. and the Dakoticancridae Rathbun, 1917. These differences mostly concern ventral characters but there are additional differences in the carapaces. In the Dakoticancridae the deflected rostrum is directly connected to the orbital margins, and the orbitofrontal margin is broadly concave, with advanced outer orbital spines. In Ibericancer n. gen. the frontal margin is more salient, somewhat concave in dorsal view, clearly notched medially, and the outer corners are lobed; the rostrum is strongly downturned, with a pronounced axial furrow. In the new genus the orbital margin is small in dorsal view, directed forwards, with the supraorbital tooth bounded by fissures. In contrast, in the Dakoticancridae the orbits are large and broadly concave, divided into two concave portions in dorsal view. Bishop (1984 b) and Bishop et al. (1998) provided a detailed description of the orbits and of a presumed sensory structure, ‘ orbital bulla reticularis’ found in D. overana. In Ibericancer n. gen. the posterior margin is concave, slightly convex in dorsal view through the raised posterior portion of the carapace, extremely thick, and medially inflated by the robust conical protuberance of the intestinal region; when seen from posterior view, it shows an unusual V-shape with the apex directed upwards. The posterior margin of the Dakoticancridae is nearly straight in dorsal view, thin, slightly rimmed, and there is no space in the dorso-ventral connection. The thoracic sternum of Ibericancer n. gen. is narrower than in the Dakoticancridae, elevated at the sides, stout, and with very thick cuticle; sternites 1 – 4 are smooth and continuous axially, while in Dakoticancridae the sternum is broader, the upper margin of sternite 3 is noticeably rimmed, marking a discontinuity of the anterior sternites 1, 2 (see Fig. 3 D). The abdomen shows a weak sexual dimorphism, in contrast to the Dakoticancridae. The supposed propodus of Tetracarcinus figured by Bishop et al. (1998: fig. 2.2) was noted as not having been found attached to the crab. This isolated propodus could be perfectly well assigned to a macruran, probably close to Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926. The cheliped propodus in the Ibericancridae n. fam. is slender and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened, longer than wide, with very thin and long fingers. In dakoticancrids, the chelipeds are variable among the different species, varying from robust and globose in D. australis and Avitelmessus to slender in D. overana. Both P 4 and P 5 are subdorsally located, strongly reduced in thickness but weakly reduced in length, subequal, whereas in the presently known Dakoticancridae only the P 5, when preserved, is reduced and subdorsal. The dorsal regions, somewhat less pronounced in the anterior portion of the carapace, are more uniformly inflated than in the four genera assigned to the family Dakoticancridae. Ibericancer n. gen. shows small and dense granules uniformly distributed on the carapace, thoracic sternum and pereiopods, in contrast to larger granules that tend to be grouped on the more prominent regions in D. overana, Tetracarcinus, Seorsus and Avitelmessus. In the latter, there are spines on the carapace, lateral carapace margins and pereiopods (see Kesling & Reimann 1957). The granulation over the entire surface is more distinct in D. australis than in Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp. is closer to Dakoticancer autralis than to D. overana by having a narrow and more quadrate carapace (more parallel sides in D. australis), prominent posterior portion (see key in Bishop et al. 1998: 246), narrower thoracic sternum, and more uniformly distributed dorsal granulation; the propodus is long and slender as in D. overana.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F62079CFF00FDFFD1EC.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Ibericancer sanchoi n. sp.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Same as in the family.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honour of the late Mr. Fausto Sancho (Gandía, Spain), who discovered the new species.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, male, (MGSB 68572); paratypes, male and female specimens (MGSB 68573 a – h and MGSB 68574 a – f). Maximum size (in millimeters): W 49, L 59. Minimum size: W 37, L 36. Type locality: Pla de la Basa, Valencia, Spain. Upper Cretaceous, late Campanian. Other material examined. Pla de la Basa, Valencia, Spain (MGSB 68575 a – h).	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	description	Description. Carapace of large size, nearly as broad as long; suboval shape with smoothly arched margins posterior to pronounced branchiocardiac furrow; dorsal surface strongly convex longitudinally, nearly flat transversely. Dorsal surface finely and densely granular. Fronto-orbital margin about 53 % of maximum carapace width, rather advanced. Front occupying 46 % of anterior margin, delimited by two protuberant nodes at internal orbital sides, slightly concave in dorsal view, clearly notched axially, bearing 2 blunt nodes at base of rostrum; rostrum narrow, strongly deflected downwards, about 90 degrees, deeply grooved medially, terminating in a bifid end with rounded lobes. Proepistome as a very thin plate, epistome well defined. Orbits small, directed forwards, bounded by frontal lobe and outer orbital spine; supraorbital margin strongly modified by a salient, triangular, robust spine, deep fissure between medial, extraorbital spines, short infraorbital margin with small terminal spine. Ocular peduncles probably well sheltered inside orbits. Lateral margins arched; anterolateral margin slightly shorter than posterior, ornamented by a thin spine close to outer-orbital, followed by a concavity and a short, salient ridge; anterolateral margin joining the posterolateral posteriorly to a rather large and swollen epibranchial node. Posterolateral margin gently arched, continuous, not interrupted by nodes or notches. Posterior margin concave per se, gently convex in dorsal view, somewhat broader than fronto-orbital width; notably rimmed, affected axially by a strong conical protuberance. In posterior view, posterior border robust, V-shaped, with apex directed upwards. Dorsal regions relatively inflated, not strongly protuberant or grooved except for branchiocardiac groove, some depressions, rare swellings. Gastric regions broad, swollen, undivided, occupying major surface of anterior half of carapace. Hepatic region not well defined, marked by a slight depression. Epibranchial region long, transversely inflated, curving abruptly at level of cardiac region, forming small terminal protuberance. Branchiocardiac groove smooth, moderately deep, more marked axially. Cardiac region large, being individualized by a slightly swollen, nearly circular lobe. Postbranchial regions obliquely ridged, diverging backwards, bounded by broad, depressed intestinal area. Pterygostomial region inflated, ornamented with a row of three large tubercles. Pleural suture located on carapace sides. Third maxillipeds broad, not divergent, separated by a straight gap; noticeably long, exceeding front; ischium, merus in same plane; endopod much longer than wide, with deep longitudinal groove on ischium; coxa very broad, trapezoidal, with lower margin bearing two small protuberances at level of sternal articulation; exopod thin, long, sharp at termination. Thoracic sternum relatively wide, stout, strongly elevated laterally; a rather large portion of sternum visible between P 1, P 2 coxae and male abdomen. Sternites 1 – 4 fused, forming a broad triangle visible nearly entirely in ventral view; anterior portion (1 – 3) narrow, pointed forwards, inserted between bases of mxp 3; episternite 3 very small, only a reduced salient portion where coxa of mxp 3 is articulated; sternite 4 well developed, with lateral margins strongly elevated, forming an acute ridge, episternite 4 small, extended laterally, slightly curved; sternite 5 as wide as sternite 4, subrectangular, nearly horizontal; sternite 6 narrower, slightly oblique; sternite 7 very reduced, oblique, mostly covered by third pleomere; sternite 8 reduced, oblique, completely covered by second pleomere. Thoracic sutures 4 / 5 to 7 / 8 not reaching axial area, preceding sutures 1 / 2, 2 / 3 absent. Presence of a small tubercle on sternite 5, at level of pleomere 6, which is supposed to be a press button for the abdominal holding mechanism. Female gonopore on P 3 coxae very small, nearly elliptical, gently rimmed; male gonopore on P 5 coxae, somewhat larger, fairly elliptical, not rimmed; spermatheca at end of sternal suture 7 / 8, aperture large, ovate, somewhat oblique. Abdomen rather wide in males, not much widened in females; nearly rectangular over its entire length in males, triangular in females; strongly sculptured, presenting two longitudinal grooves and transverse crests on its first pleomeres. All pleomeres free, subrectangular, with salient small lobes at upper margin of each segment. A 1 very narrow, convex in male; a 2 slightly wider, notably sculptured, medially keeled, with elevated lateral extensions covering male gonopore on P 5 coxa; a 1 to a 6 with straight margins, increasing in length from a 3 to a 6; telson triangular. Female abdomen roughly similar in shape, only slightly broader; pleomeres a 1 – a 6 and telson with more clearly arched lateral margins conferring a more suboval-triangular outline. G 1 thick, long, very stout, probably rolled (see Fig. 4 B, C). Chelipeds of equal size, finely granulated; merus long, robust, subtriangular in section; propodus slender, longer than wide, subelliptical in section; fingers very long, thin. P 2, P 3 very long, robust, coxa subtriangular, stout; basis narrow; ischium robust, curved; merus very long, circular in section, curved at first proximal portion. P 4, P 5 subdorsal, conspicuously reduced, subequal, rather long, with smaller coxae. P 4 coxa subtriangular, basis narrow, ischium straight, long, merus very long. P 5 coxa robust despite its reduced size; rather complex in shape, with acute, thin ridge at upper margin; merus long; dactylus small, probably curved.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	discussion	Remarks on dakoticancroid spermathecae. Bishop et al. (1998: 239) stated in the diagnosis of the Dakoticancridae that the female sternum lacked “ longitudinal grooves ”. The term “ longitudinal grooves ” was used by these authors as well as by many neontologists (e. g., Gordon 1950) to designate the condition of these sutures found in the Dromiidae. The term “ groove ” is not appropriate to describe the suture 7 / 8, which is short (Dynomenidae, Homolodromiidae, Sphaerodromiinae) or developed as an elongated and salient tube in the Dromiinae (see Guinot & Tavares 2003; Guinot & Quenette 2005). We propose to use ‘ suture’ as the appropriate term.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	description	The thoracic sternum is wider in the Dakoticancroidea than in the Dromiacea. Sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 and 6 / 7 are developed and, instead of being short and confined laterally as in the Dromiacea, the sutures reach the sternoabdominal cavity (Dakoticancridae) or the median depression (Ibericancridae n. fam.) (only a sternoabdominal depression in the Dromiacea; see Guinot & Bouchard 1998). Sutures 7 / 8 are much shorter in the Dakoticancroidea than in the Dromiinae, and the distal aperture is large and rounded instead of a usually small aperture in the Dromiinae. No affinities are suggested with the thoracic sternum and sutures 7 / 8 of the Homoloidea, in which, additionally, suture 6 / 7 is complete. There is a resemblance with the Cyclodorippoidea Ortmann, 1892, which have a broad sternum, with (typically) slit-like distal spermathecal apertures (Guinot & Tavares 2001: fig. 10 F, I, J; Guinot & Quenette 2005: fig. 23). The Etyidae Guinot & Tavares, 2001, is a fossil podotreme family in which the spermathecae are known. Two oblique and large slits at the extremities of the short sutures 7 / 8 have been described for Etyus martini Mantell, 1844, from the European mid-Cretaceous (Wright & Collins 1972: 102, pl. 21, fig. 6 d, e; Guinot & Tavares 2001: figs 2, 3, 10 J). The spermathecae of Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp. are large, ovate in shape and obliquely directed.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
03E5D65BEF323F78079CFE65FDBAD37F.taxon	discussion	Remarks on abdominal holding. Casts of Dakoticancer overana examined and illustrated show a small protuberance on sternite 5 at the level of the socket on the ventral surface of pleomere 6 (Fig. 3 C). A similar condition can be deduced from the abdomen of D. australis illustrated by Bishop et al. (1998: 243, fig. 1.8), where the presence of a socket is suspected below the produced latero-posterior angles of pleomere 6. An abdominal holding system, with a press button located on sternite 5 and an abdominal socket, is thus recorded for the first time in a podotreme crab. It is of the press button type, as in nearly all Eubrachyura Saint Laurent, 1980. A salient button for the same function is present in the Ibericancridae n. fam. (Fig. 4 A, D). The press button of the Dakoticancroidea constitutes a robust synapomorphy of the superfamily among podotremes. The press button is not exclusive to the Eubrachyura since a socket (although not coupled with a typical “ button ”) also occurs in another podotreme group, the Lyreidinae Guinot, 1993, among the Raninoidea De Haan, 1839. The “ homolid press button ” of the Homoloidea also consists of a socket on pleomere 6, but the corresponding prominence is located anteriorly on sternite 4. Hypotheses on burrowing and carrying behaviour. Bishop et al. (1998) stated that evidence of burrowing by dakoticancrid crabs was equivocal. Although Dakoticancer overana has frequently been found associated with burrows, these were neither abundant nor large enough to have been their homes, so that the species was suggested not to have been an obligate burrower (Bishop 1981). The presence of moulds of more than twenty specimens of D. australis (with articulated appendages and dislocated plastrons) preserved within boxworks in the Potrerillos Formation of Mexico, inferred to be exuviae (Vega & Feldmann 1991), however, suggests that moulting within burrows did take place. Such a behaviour has also been hypothesised by Fraaije et al. (2008: 20) for a new albuneid (sand crab) from the Miocene of France, which was found within a large turritellid gastropod. Conversely, D. australis, from the Cárdenas Formation in east-central Mexico, is not found associated with burrows, and most specimens preserve articulated appendages. Vega et al. (1995) concluded that either these specimens were corpses or that the observed differences in preservation between the two Mexican assemblages resulted from different taphonomic histories. All Spanish specimens studied here are interpreted as moults. The pterygostomian plates are separated and are preserved slightly laterally displaced from the carapace. The proximal end of the first pleomere is disconnected from the thick posterior margin; this segment has fallen inside the carapace, and is preserved under an angle relative to the second pleomere. Another fact that does not fit a burrowing life is the supposed carrying behaviour inferred from the dorsal location and reduction of P 5 (Dakoticancridae) or both P 4 and P 5 (Ibericancridae n. fam.) (Figs. 7 A, 8 D, 9 A, C). If the crab conceals itself by holding something (shell, sponge, algae) over its carapace, a burrow is unnecessary. As the dactyl of the leg used for carrying, which would be hooked or form a subchelate end to hold the object, is not preserved in the Dakoticancroidea, there is no proof of such a grasping by these pereiopods. Our interpretation of functional morphology nevertheless provides a clear sign for camouflage by the hind leg (s) in dakoticancroid crabs, as in most other podotremes (Guinot et al. 1995). It is a conservative behaviour actually found in all families with the exception of the extant Dynomenidae, which live in corals or on rocky bottoms (McLay 1999), and of the Raninidae, which bury themselves in sand. Among the Cyclodorippoidea a carrying behaviour using sea urchin spines, pieces of shell and bits of seaweed has been noted for the Cyclodorippidae and Cymonomidae Bouvier, 1897 (Garth 1946; Wicksten 1982; Tavares 1994). A carrying behaviour is probable, perhaps combined with a burying behaviour (Guinot & Tavares 2001: 529) in the Phyllotymolinidae Tavares, 1998, which similarly has reduced subchelate and mobile P 4 and P 5.	en	Artal, Pedro, Guinot, Danièle, Bakel, Barry Van, Castillo, Juan (2008): Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain. Zootaxa 1907: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184516
