taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E287DE8A02FFC5717FFBC3E913FE7C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: D. callipodos W. Rossi & Balazuc ex W. Rossi	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A02FFC5717FFBC3E913FE7C.taxon	description	Brief description Receptacle three-celled, with superposed cells I and II. Cell III lateral to cell II. Septum II-III vertical to oblique. Perithecium with four or five strongly unequal outer wall cells in each vertical row. The original description was extended by Santamaría et al. (2014). Six species.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A03FFC372F8FE08EFB0FC1D.taxon	description	MycoBank No: MB 824136 Fig. 1	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A03FFC372F8FE08EFB0FC1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Similar to Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira, but differing for the single antheridium on the lower cell of the appendage and the conspicuous four blunt lips on the perithecial apex.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A03FFC372F8FE08EFB0FC1D.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet means “ crown-like ”, in relation to the crown-like perithecial tip, resulting from the peculiar disposition of its four apical wall cells.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A03FFC372F8FE08EFB0FC1D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype BULGARIA: Western Stara Planina, Mt. Bell mel. Distr. Montana, Cave Parasinskata, guano clay, on Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulicka, 1967 (Julida), 25 Feb. 2000, B. Petrov & P. Tzankov leg., slide C-F- 92266. Isotypes BULGARIA: Same data as holotype. Slides SS E 585 a, SS E 585 c, SS E 585 d and SS E 585 e (BCB-Mycotheca).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A03FFC372F8FE08EFB0FC1D.taxon	description	Description Thallus hyaline, except for the blackened foot. Basal cell (I) slightly longer than broad, enlarged distally, with the base abruptly constricted at the point of junction with the blackened foot (it breaks easily with manipulation). Suprabasal cell (II) trapezoidal, slightly longer than broad. Cell III nearly twice as long as broad. Septum I-II horizontal, septa II-III and II-VI oblique. Septum II-VI two times longer than septum II-III. Primary septum (a) slightly constricted, oblique. Primary appendage strongly divergent from the perithecial axis, forming an angle of 45 – 70 º, unbranched, consisting of up to 4 – 5 similarly elongated cells, gradually tapering distally towards a blunt apical cell, if unbroken. Spiny remains of spore apex (sx) conspicuous, stout and blunt, located on the distal margin of the 4 th cell. A single bottle-shaped, narrow and elongate antheridium, borne on a corner cell at the adaxial side of appendage basal cell. Perithecial stalk cell (VI) flattened, trapezoidal, 2.5 times as broad as long. Secondary stalk cell (VII) and basal cells of perithecium (n, m, n’) well defined. Perithecium almost conical, broadest near the base, gradually tapering into a truncate apex. The latter bears four rather conspicuous and blunt lips, formed by upper tier of perithecial wall cells (w 4). Margins of perithecium showing a slight indentation at the junction between what seem the w 3 and w 4 tiers, above which the margin is slightly convex (Figs 1 C ‒ E). Length from foot to apex of perithecium 104 ‒ 139 µm. Perithecium (including basal cells) 70 ‒ 89 × 18 ‒ 23 µm. Primary appendage (from primary septum to apex, undamaged) 48 ‒ 84 µm.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A03FFC372F8FE08EFB0FC1D.taxon	discussion	Remarks Thalli are sparsely distributed on the host body, mostly on the legs, a few on the body but the latter in poor condition. Exceptionally one immature thallus bears an additional antheridium on the second cell of appendage, identical in shape, size, position and orientation to the usually single antheridium. As mentioned in the diagnosis, this species seems to be closely related to Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos, but differs from the latter for the position of the single antheridium on the appendage basal cell, instead than on the second appendage cell. Moreover, in Diplopodomyces coronatus Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira sp. nov. the antheridium is born on a corner cell (sc-an, Fig. 1 F), which is absent in Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos. The perithecial apex appears to be ornate with four protuberant lips, i. e., the upper outer wall cells (w 4, Fig. 1 C ‒ E), whereas it is blunt although showing four minute preapical rounded protuberances in Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos (Santamaría et al. 2014: 1031). The sx (Fig. 1 F) is hardly distinguishable, short, blunt and stout on the fourth appendage cell, whereas it is spiny, easily recognizable, and usually on the third appendage cell in Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos. The host is a purely cavernicolous species (Kime & Enghoff 2017).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A05FFC172EAFBEEEFB0FE14.taxon	description	MycoBank No: MB 824137 Fig. 2	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A05FFC172EAFBEEEFB0FE14.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The presence of a ligula-like protuberance on the perithecial apex is the most striking characteristic of this species which does not seem to be closely related to any other species in this genus.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A05FFC172EAFBEEEFB0FE14.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet means “ bearing a tongue ”, in relation to the perithecial protuberance.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A05FFC172EAFBEEEFB0FE14.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype SRI LANKA: s. d., on Spirobolida indet. (family uncertain), slide C-F- 92267. Isotypes SRI LANKA: Same data as holotype. Slides SS E 575 a and SS E 575 c (BCB-Mycotheca).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A05FFC172EAFBEEEFB0FE14.taxon	description	Description Cells II, III, VI and basal cell of primary appendage bright reddish coloured; the rest of the thallus is hyaline, except for the blackened foot. Basal cell (I) two times as long as broad, typically obconical, narrow at the base and gradually broadening distally. Suprabasal cell (II) more or less trapezoidal and isodiametric. Cell III smaller than II, slightly longer than broad, laterally adnate and exceeding in length cell VI. Septum I-II horizontal. Septum II-III oblique, almost half in length than I-II. Septum II-VI very oblique, as long as septum I-II. Primary appendage unbranched, variably bent, consisting of up to 8 cells, gradually tapering distally. Basal cell of primary appendage three times as long as broad, distinctly larger and darker than other cells of appendage. Typically a single flask-shaped antheridium without supporting cell is borne on the second cell of appendage. Spiny remains of spore apex (sx) conspicuous, stout, on the third cell, rarely on the fourth cell of appendage. Perithecial stalk cell (VI) triangular to rhomboid, obliquely arranged above cell II and under the perithecial body. Secondary stalk cell (VII) and basal cells of perithecium (n, n’, m) hardly distinguishable. Perithecium fusiform, with a blunt apex which bears a small but evident, erect, rounded, ligulate protuberance (li), formed by a w 4 perithecial wall cell. Length from foot to apex of perithecium 119 ‒ 192 µm. Perithecium (including basal cells) 68 ‒ 121 × 21 ‒ 31 µm. Primary appendage (from primary septum to apex, undamaged) 76 ‒ 123 µm.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A05FFC172EAFBEEEFB0FE14.taxon	discussion	Remarks Abundant thalli of the new species were scattered on legs and body rings (most on ventral side) of the frontal part of the millipede. Rarely a second, additional antheridium was seen on the third appendage cell (an, Fig. 2 D). Interestingly, the nuclei appear to be conspicuous in all cells of the appendage and also inside the basal cell (I) of the receptacle when seen with DIC optics. This species is well distinguished by the protuberant lip on the perithecium, the reddish colour in some receptacle cells, and poorly defined walls of the basal cells of the perithecium, a characteristic unknown in the tribe Laboulbenieae but found in other genera of other tribes.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A07FFCF72F1FDE1ED0BFA8E.taxon	description	MycoBank No: MB 824138 Fig. 3	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A07FFCF72F1FDE1ED0BFA8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Characterized by a very long and ramified primary appendage, by the scattered antheridia along the main axis of the appendage and by the stocky perithecium bearing four conspicuous acute lips on the apex.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A07FFCF72F1FDE1ED0BFA8E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet means “ branched ”, in relation to the large and ramified primary appendage.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A07FFCF72F1FDE1ED0BFA8E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype TURKEY: Mugla province, Toparlar, on Pachyiulus sp. (Julida), under litter and logs in a wet Liquidambar orientalis forest, 13 Nov. 2013, H. Sundberg leg., slide C-F- 92268. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA: Nerez - Gornja Voda near Üsküb (Skopje), NHMW no. 8725, 6 Jun. 1906 [ex. Mus. Wien, Inv. No. NHMW 8724], on Pachyiulus cattarensis, Slide SS E 619 (BCB-Mycotheca); ibidem, 21 May 1906, slides SS E 620 a and SS E 620 b (BCB-Mycotheca). Millipede host specimen in NHMW. KOSOVO (SERBIA): Kacanik, oak forest, 22 May 1906, Attems leg. [ex Mus. Wien, Inv. no. NHMW 8727], on one male and two females of Pachyiulus cattarensis, slides SS E 623 a and SS E 623 b (BCB-Mycotheca). Millipede host specimens in NHMW.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A07FFCF72F1FDE1ED0BFA8E.taxon	description	Description Thallus yellowish-brown, often darker on cells II, III, VI, VII and perithecial basal cells, forming a defined stalk below the perithecium. Blackened foot, rather elongate and pointed. Basal cell (I) 3 ‒ 4 times as long as broad, with slightly divergent margins towards the apex and nearly parallel margins in the central area; straight except for the constricted, curved and geniculate base above the foot. Suprabasal cell (II) trapezoidal, almost isodiametric or slightly broader than long. Septum I-II horizontal. Cell III 1.5 times as long as broad, cylindrical (rectangular in optical section), adnate to cell VI and to the base of the perithecium. Septum II-III slightly oblique. Septum II-VI strongly oblique. Primary appendage very long, consisting of a main axis of 6 – 9 cells which are 3 – 4 times longer than broad, each bearing 1 ‒ 3 flask-shaped antheridia on distal and relatively large corner cells. The appendage ramifies approximately above the 4 th cell, where corner cells grow into thin, long, and flexuous branches, which often ramify again forming a confused mass of appendages glued together with dirt. Primary septum (a) well defined by a constriction and contrasting colour between the darker cell III and the pale basal cell of primary appendage, below the base of the perithecium. Perithecial stalk cell (VI) rhomboidal, arranged obliquely between cells II and VII; slightly smaller than cell II. Secondary stalk cell (VII) and basal cells of perithecium (n, m, n’) well defined, forming a more or less defined stalk or pedicel under the ascogenic mass of the perithecium. Perithecium broadly elliptical, with a constricted lower third, an inflated venter, and a narrow tip; the apex bears 4 small, acute, teeth-like ligulae, resembling teeth, formed by the w 4 tier of perithecial wall cells. Length from foot to apex of perithecium 248 ‒ 336 µm. Perithecium (including basal cells) 130 ‒ 182 × 51 ‒ 67 µm. Ascospores 105 ‒ 111 µm long. Primary appendage (from primary septum to apex, undamaged) 432 – 860 µm long.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A07FFCF72F1FDE1ED0BFA8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species grows on male hosts around the gonopods and on females close to the gonopores at the base of leg-pairs 1 and 2. In this feature it is analogous with Diplopodomyces veneris Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira (Santamaría et al. 2014) but despite this coincidence, the morphological characteristics of both species are incomparable. Moreover, Diplopodomyces ramosus Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira sp. nov. does not show dimorphism in relation to the host sex. The spiny remains of the spore apex (sx) is not visible on mature thalli. Only one very young thallus has been observed showing this characteristic (sx, Fig. 3 E). The four small ligulae of the perithecial apex are well distinguished only in over-mature thalli, not when ascospores start being visible inside the perithecium (Fig. 3 F) (which is the usual condition for most Laboulbeniales when we referring to a mature perithecium). The four ligulae protrude when most of the external wall of the perithecium is broken and the ascospores have been released. Both host species belong to the problematic genus Pachyiulus Berlese, 1883 (Frederiksen et al. 2012). Pachyiulus cattarensis occurs in forests as well as open areas from sea level up to 2400 m (Kime & Enghoff 2017).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A09FFCC711CFA54E913FCBD.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: T. manfrediae S. Colla	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A09FFCC711CFA54E913FCBD.taxon	description	Brief description Receptacle three-celled, with superposed cells I, II and III. Cells II and III narrow and adnate to the perithecium. Perithecium with five, rarely six, outer wall cells in each vertical row. Perithecial apex bearing four conspicuous lobes. The original description was emended by Enghoff & Santamaría (2015). Eight species.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0AFFCA72D0FC4EEECDFBB8.taxon	description	MycoBank No: MB 824139 Fig. 4	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0AFFCA72D0FC4EEECDFBB8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis First dioecious species in the genus, with female thalli characterized by a very short cell III and a septum II-III placed under the level of the perithecial base, whereas in the other species cell III is taller and the septum II-III is clearly higher up.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0AFFCA72D0FC4EEECDFBB8.taxon	etymology	Etymology Self-defined by its species epithet, meaning “ two households ”.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0AFFCA72D0FC4EEECDFBB8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype MYANMAR: Mandalay Division, 7 km NW Mogok, above road Mogok-Bemardmyo, S. Panlin village, west slope of Mt. Taung Mae, 22 º 58 ′ 09 ″ N 96 º 27 ′ 13 ″ E, 1710 ‒ 1750 m a. s. l., on Nepalmatoiulus sp. (Julida), 10 ‒ 18 Jun. 2014, Brunke & Schillhammer leg., slide C-F- 92269. Isotypes MYANMAR: Same data as holotype. Slides SS E 617 a, SS E 617 c, SS E 617 d and SS E 617 e (BCB-Mycotheca).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0AFFCA72D0FC4EEECDFBB8.taxon	description	Description Dioecious. Both male and female thalli are hyaline except for the darkened feet. Male thalli. Consisting of six superposed cells. Basal cell (I) about 3 times as long as broad. Suprabasal cell (II) small and squared. Cell III 1.5 times as long as broad. Primary septum well distinguished. Fourth cell 1.5 times as long as broad. Fifth cell squared, very small, bearing the single, apical, bottleshaped antheridium. No spiny remains of spore apex because it is coincident with the apex of efferent tube, i. e., where the discharging pore is found. Female thalli. Basal cell (I) twice or more as long as broad, enlarged distally, slightly constricted at the base. Suprabasal cell (II) as long as broad, laterally adnate to cell VI, broadened at base where in contact with cell I, narrowed toward distal end. Cell III very narrow, 3 times as long as broad, laterally adnate to perithecium. Septum I-II horizontal. Septum II-III horizontal or slightly oblique, below the level of septum VI-VII. Primary appendage unbranched, forming an angle of almost 90 º with main axis of thallus, consisting of up to 4 cells, of which the lower is about 4 times as long as broad, the others gradually shorter and tapering distally. Spiny remains of spore apex (sx) difficult to see in mature thalli (Fig. 4 A), but well visible in very young thalli (Fig. 4 D). Perithecial stalk cell (VI) triangular, as long as broad, resting in the concave apico-ventral side of cell II. Secondary stalk cell (VII) wedge-shaped, resting on the outer (ventral) corner of cell VI. Perithecium fusiform, stout, with broad venter, maximum width near lower 1 / 4 ‒ 1 / 5 th, gradually tapering upwards, more abruptly upwards from w 2 - w 3 septa. The tip is asymmetric, slightly bent dorsally, forming first a neat constriction, followed by a bulge and ending with four small lips. Dorsal side rather straight, ventral side convex. Length of male thalli from foot to apex of antheridium 88 – 93 µm. Antheridium 21 – 26 × 5 – 6 µm. Length of female thalli from foot to apex of perithecium 159 ‒ 201 µm. Perithecium (including basal cells) 91 ‒ 117 µm. Primary appendage (from primary septum to apex, undamaged) 50 ‒ 70 µm.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0AFFCA72D0FC4EEECDFBB8.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species is unique among the species of Troglomyces for its dioecism and because cell III, although adnate to perithecium (a characteristic of the genus) is located much lower than in other forms. Male and female thalli are paired, as it is usual in dioecious Laboulbeniales. However as can be seen in Fig. 4 A we have found a pair of females without any trace of antheridia or paired males (often seen as remains of the darkened feet, e. g., Fig. 4 B). The species seems very rare and the thalli were scarce on legs 2, 3 and several anterior post-gonopodal legs. Undamaged mature male thalli with spermatia present in the efferent neck have been seen only twice (Fig. 4 C); immature thalli are more common and help us to understand that the efferent neck and pore (through which spermatia discharge) coincide with the original acute ascospore apex (Fig. 4 D, arrow), an unusual feature among Laboulbeniales. Dioecism is not unusual among genera of Laboulbeniales although most species are monoecious. A good example is the genus Laboulbenia Mont. & C. P. Robin, with more than 600 species, only three were demonstrated to be dioecious (Santamaría 1998). The host belongs to the large Southeast Asian genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983, which are mainly inhabitants of forest litter (Enghoff 1987).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0CFFC972FFFB55EDA3FE35.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0CFFC972FFFB55EDA3FE35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Similar but different from Troglomyces bilabiatus Santam. & Enghoff (Enghoff & Santamaría 2015) in having four protuberant perithecial apical lips instead of two.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0CFFC972FFFB55EDA3FE35.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet is in relation to the four elongated lips on the perithecial apex.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0CFFC972FFFB55EDA3FE35.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype GEORGIA: Abhkazia, Western Caucasus, Krubera-Voronya Cave (“ deepest cave on Earth ”), collected from 60 to 1980 meters below the surface, on Heterocaucaseuma deprofundum Antić & Reboleira, 2018 (Chordeumatida), 27 Jul. - 9 Aug. 2010, S. Reboleira & A. Sendra leg., slide C-F- 92270. Isotypes GEORGIA: Same data as holotype. Slides SS E 613 a, SS E 613 b, SS E 613 c, SS E 613 d and SS E 613 f (BCB-Mycotheca). Paratypes RUSSIA: Peshchera Yuzhnyi Slon- “ Southern Elephant ”, Mt. Dzentu, Karachaevo-Cherkessia Republic, 1784 m a. s. l., on legs of the holotype of Caucaseuma elephantum Antić & Makarov, 2016, no collecting date, Efremova leg., slides SS E 615 a and SS E 615 b (BCB-Mycotheca); Krasnodar Province, near Apsheronsk, Cave Sukhaya, on legs of the holotype of Caucaseuma minellii Antić & Makarov, 2016, 21 Jul. 1970, S. Ljovuschkin leg., slide SS E 616 (BCB-Mycotheca); Krasnodar Prov., Sochi, Abkhunskaya, Mt. Bolshoy, Akhun Cave, on Caucaseuma lohmanderi Strasser, 1970, 12 Jul. 2015, Turbasov leg., slides SS E 614 a and SS E 614 b (BCB-Mycotheca); Cave Shirokopokosskaya, near Khosta, on Caucaseuma lohmanderi, Dec. 1943, Y. A. Birstein leg., slide SS E 618 (BCB-Mycotheca); Caucasus, Spirokoposkaja Cave, on Caucaseuma lohmanderi, Jul. 1943, J. Birstein leg., slide SS E 584 a and SS E 584 c (BCB-Mycotheca).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0CFFC972FFFB55EDA3FE35.taxon	description	Description Thallus hyaline, except for the blackened foot. Basal cell (I) 1.5 ‒ 3 times as long as broad, enlarged distally, strongly constricted at the base. Suprabasal cell (II) twice as broad as long, laterally adnate to cell VI, broadened at base where in contact with cell I, narrowed toward distal end. Cell III very narrow, up to 7 times as long as broad; laterally adnate to the perithecium, extending up to a third of the total length of the perithecium (lips included). Septum I-II horizontal. Septum II-III very short and oblique. Primary appendage branched above the second and successive cells, rarely above first cell (Fig. 5 D); short, not extending beyond the perithecial apex. Basal cell of primary appendage longer than other cells of appendage, about 2 times as long as broad. Primary septum constricted, strongly oblique. Antheridia flask-shaped, only clearly seen on immature thalli; usually a single one borne directly on second cell of appendage, sometimes supported by a short branch; sometimes a second and even a third antheridium may be found on the branches above. Antheridia deteriorate after maturation of thallus. Spiny remains of spore apex (sx) not seen. Perithecial stalk cell (VI) inconspicuous, strongly flattened. Perithecium conical, the broadest part at the base, gradually tapering upwards. The apex bears 4 conspicuous identical, often distinctly divergent and curved lips, about 7 times as long as broad, arising through a scar. Length from foot to apex of perithecium (including lips) 86 ‒ 112 µm. Perithecium (including basal cells and lips) 60 ‒ 73 × 15 ‒ 18 µm. Length of perithecial apical lips 10 ‒ 18 µm. Primary appendage (from primary septum to apex, undamaged) 21 ‒ 33 µm.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0CFFC972FFFB55EDA3FE35.taxon	discussion	Remarks Among the hosts examined there are some with heavy infection on legs (Fig. 5 A). Thalli found near the gonopods (slide SS E 613 f) are slightly different from others, therefore may be considered a growth form. Interesting are the digitations penetrating the tegument observed in some feet (Fig. 5 I ‒ K). As mentioned in the diagnosis, this species is similar to Troglomyces bilabiatus, which lives on Acipes spp. (Blaniulidae) from Madeira and Canary Islands (Enghoff & Santamaría 2015). Troglomyces tetralabiatus Santam., Enghoff & Reboleira sp. nov. differs from Troglomyces bilabiatus by having four apical lobes instead of two, its more slender habitus and branched appendage. However, despite the morphological similarity it is hard to imagine a close relationship between two fungi living on such geographically and taxonomically isolated hosts. The scar near the perithecial apex (Fig. 5 C, arrows) was already described and discussed for five other species of Troglomyces (Enghoff & Santamaría 2015). The hosts are cave-dwelling species of Western Caucasian anthroleucosomatid millipedes, belonging to genus Heterocaucaseuma and Caucaseuma. This species was found living in a cave at the remarkable depth of 1980 meters below the surface in the Krubera-Voronja Cave (Sendra & Reboleira 2012; Antić et al. 2018). This makes it the “ deepest ” Laboulbeniales species on Earth. No significant difference regarding fungal position or thallus density was found when comparing hosts collected at different depths inside the cave.	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0FFFC9727FFD9AEEEFFBA9.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material SPAIN: Segovia Prov., Cancho del río Peces, Guadarrama, Mts. Mujer Muerta, 40 º 49 ′ 47.42 ″ N 4 º 5 ′ 18.95 ″ E, 1606 m a. s. l., on Guadarramasoma ramosae Gilgado, Ledesma, Enghoff & Mauriès, 2017, MSS trap at 0.5 m, 17 Sep. 2015, J. D. Gilgado et al. leg., slides SS 2760 a and SS 2760 b (BCB-Mycotheca).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0FFFC9727FFD9AEEEFFBA9.taxon	discussion	Remarks The host is Guadarramasoma ramosae, a species collected in large numbers in traps set in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum, MSS (Gilgado et al. 2017). This is the first record of Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos from a species of the order Chordeumatida; previously known hosts belong to the genera Lusitanipus and Cyphocallipus (Callipodida), reported from Portugal and Spain (Santamaría et al. 2014; Reboleira & Enghoff 2015, 2017; Antić et al. 2018).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0FFFC9716EFBB3E946F804.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material PORTUGAL: Madeira, Funchal, on Cylindroiulus truncorum Silvestri, 1896 (Julida), 1 Mar. 1992, Bjørn & Damgaard leg., slide SS E 622 (BCB-Mycotheca). RUSSIA: Crimea, Ai-Petri Karst Region, Baydur Valley, near Rodnikovoe, Cave Skelskaya, on 2 females and 2 males of Amblyiulus kovalii Golovatch, 2008 (Julida), 3 Mar. 2015, I. S. Turbanov leg., slide SS E 621 (BCB-Mycotheca). SERBIA: Gornja Lenovacka Pedina Cave, Lenovac, near Zajecar, Tupiznica Mt., on Serboiulus kresnik Makarov, 2013 (Julida), 26 Jun. 2012, D. Antić & S. Ćurčić leg., slide SS E 586 (BCB-Mycotheca). SPAIN: Granada, Sierra Nevada, Corral de La Veleta, on Proteroiulus hispanus Schubart, 1959 (Julida), 14 Aug. 2014, J. D. Gilgado et al. leg., slides SS 2761 a and SS 2761 b (BCB-Mycotheca).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
03E287DE8A0FFFC9716EFBB3E946F804.taxon	discussion	Remarks Previously known only from Typhloiulus Latzel, 1884 and Trogloiulus Manfredi, 1931 from Italy (Santamaría et al. 2014). The new records extend both the host range and the geographical distribution of this species. Among the new hosts, Cylindroiulus truncorum, Amblyiulus kovali and Serboiulus kresnik belong to the family Julidae, like previously known hosts, whereas Proteroiulus hispanus belongs to the related family Blaniulidae. Cylindroiulus truncorum is a widespread, largely synanthropic species with a preference for high humidity; Amblyiulus kovali and Serboiulus kresnik are cavernicolous (Haacker 1968; Kime & Enghoff 2017). Infected specimens of Proteroiulus hispanus were collected at high altitude in Sierra Nevada, mainly in the Mesovoid Shallow Stratum, MSS (Gilgado et al. 2015).	en	Santamaría, Sergi, Enghoff, Henrik, Reboleira, Ana Sofía P. S. (2018): New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy 429: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.429
