identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E20A79FFF8FFB2FF0B3339FBD3F9AD.text	03E20A79FFF8FFB2FF0B3339FBD3F9AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracineta livadiana (Mereschkowsky 1881)	<div><p>Paracineta livadiana (Mereschkowsky, 1881)</p><p>(Fig. 2A, B)</p><p>Material examined: One individual found as epibiont on nematode host belonging to the genus Desmodora, from 202 m depth of Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean</p><p>Brief Description: Marine suctorian ciliate with a rounded body, almost covered with a stylotheca. The tentacles are arranged at apical body surface. Stylotheca with stem-like pseudostyle that does not widen until it transitions into the widened part of the stylotheca. The macronucleus is ellipsoidal, central.</p><p>Measurements from present specimen (in µm, based on one individual): Stylotheca length 32; lorica width 20; body length 21; body width 13; pseudostyle length 7; pseudostyle diameter 3; macronucleus length 5; macronucleus width 4; length of the tentacles 4–8.</p><p>Remarks: This is a marine or brackish-water species, that can settle on the surface of the body of invertebrates and other substrates. Mereschkowsky (1881) described this species as epibiont on hydroids Sertularia sp. from the Black Sea near Livadia (Yalta). The species was reported attached on hydroids Obelia commissuralis McCrady, 1859 and O. geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Woods Hole, USA (Root 1922). This species was found from Mediterranean Sea (Port Said, Egypt) and at the Atlantic coast of the USA (Dovgal 2013). The species was registered in the Black Sea on algae Cladophora sp. near Sevastopol and on Cladophora sp. and crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) from the coast of the Karadag Natural Reserve (Crimea) (Dovgal 2013). It was observed from harpacticoid copepods Amphiascella subdebilis (Willey, 1935), Haloschizopera pontarchis Por, 1959, Cletodes tenuipes Scott, 1896 and Enhydrosoma longifurcatum Sars, 1909 in the hypoxic zone of the Black Sea by Sergeeva &amp; Dovgal (2014).</p><p>This is the first report of this species from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E20A79FFF8FFB2FF0B3339FBD3F9AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chatterjee, Tapas;Sautya, Sabyasachi;Dovgal, Igor;Gaikwad, Santosh	Chatterjee, Tapas, Sautya, Sabyasachi, Dovgal, Igor, Gaikwad, Santosh (2022): Report of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibionts on meiobenthic nematodes in an oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5138 (4): 492-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.9
03E20A79FFF8FFB3FF0B3690FB28F92F.text	03E20A79FFF8FFB3FF0B3690FB28F92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loricophrya bosporica Sergeeva & Dovgal 2016	<div><p>Loricophrya bosporica Sergeeva &amp; Dovgal, 2016</p><p>(Fig. 2C, D)</p><p>Material examined: One individual found as epibiont on nematode host belong to the genus Desmodora, from 202 m depth of Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.</p><p>Brief Description: Marine suctorian with elongated cell body completely covered with a lorica (stylotheca). Stylotheca, conical with gradual thickening of the walls towards the mouth. In some individuals there is a transverse wrinkle in the lower part of stylotheca. The lower part of stylotheca, which separated from the upper part by a wellvisible septum, slightly longitudinally striated, have thinner walls, finishes by widening (basal disc) that use for the attachment to the host’s body surface. The cell body is attached to the lorica in the mouth with the help of its edges folded inwards. A few clavate tentacles are located at the apical surface of the body. Macronucleus rounded.</p><p>Measurements from the present specimen (in µm, based on one individual): Lorica length 46; lorica width 19; body length 30; body width 18; stalk length 6; stalk diameter 3; macronucleus length 5; macronucleus width 5; length of the tentacles 3–5.</p><p>Remarks: In the present observation one ciliate specimen was found as epibiont attached to the middle part of the host Desmodora sp.</p><p>This species was reported earlier as epibiont on nematodes Desmoscolex minutus Claparède, 1863 from Istanbul Strait’s area in Bosporus region of the Black Sea at 252.4 m depth (Sergeeva &amp; Dovgal, 2016). This was also reported as epibiont on Metachromadoroides remanei (Gerlach, 1951) from methane seep of the Ria Formosa lagoon, Southern Portugal (Ivanova et al. 2017). Baldrighi et al. (2020) reported the species as epibiont on nematodes of genera Desmodora and Desmoscolex Claparède, 1863 from Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian Sea)—shallow vent area and French Guiana (South America, Atlantic Ocean)—Mangrove forest (Baldrighi et al. 2020).</p><p>The species was found on nematode hosts only and was mentioned as extremophile (Dovgal &amp; Sergeeva 2016).</p><p>The present find is the first report of this species from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E20A79FFF8FFB3FF0B3690FB28F92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chatterjee, Tapas;Sautya, Sabyasachi;Dovgal, Igor;Gaikwad, Santosh	Chatterjee, Tapas, Sautya, Sabyasachi, Dovgal, Igor, Gaikwad, Santosh (2022): Report of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibionts on meiobenthic nematodes in an oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5138 (4): 492-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.9
03E20A79FFFEFFB5FF0B30A5FBD3F810.text	03E20A79FFFEFFB5FF0B30A5FBD3F810.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acinetopsis lynni Baldrighi 2020	<div><p>Acinetopsis lynni Baldrighi et al., 2020</p><p>(Fig. 3A–F)</p><p>Material examined: Twenty ciliate specimens were found attached with eight female Desmodora sp. and sixty ciliate specimens were found attached with nine males of the same species from 202 m depth of the Arabian Sea.</p><p>Brief Description: Marine suctorian ciliate enclosed in stalked lorica. The cellbody is attached to the bottom of lorica, which fills about two thirds or three fours of it. The apical surface of the cell is somewhat concave down. Lorica elongate, slightly flattened, smooth. Stalk, short, straight, some extended upward, very weakly longitudinally striated, with the adhesive disc. There are 6–7 extremely contractive, long, agile tentacles (in investigating individuals all tentacles were contracted). Macronucleus ovoid, positioned near foot of the body. Reproduction by endogenous budding with the formation of a single protomite.</p><p>Measurements from present find (in µm, based on four individuals): Lorica length 53–77; lorica width 17–24; body length 47–58; body width 16–22; stalk length 5–8; macronucleus length 7–11; macronucleus width 4–6; length of the contracted tentacles 4–7.</p><p>Remarks: In the present observation total of 80 Acinetopsis lynni specimens are found attached to 17 individuals of the host (Table 2). The place of attachment was shown in Pie diagram (Fig. 4) giving information on the percentage of infestation at anterior, middle and posterior body parts of the nematode host. It was found that 11% ciliates were attached on the anterior part of the body while, attachment on middle and posterior parts was 54% and 34%, respectively. Baldrighi et al. (2020) reported the attachment of this species on the host body at the middle part and tail region of the body.</p><p>This species was earlier reported as epibiont on Desmodora sp. found attached to the middle part and tail region from the Gulf of Naples-shallow vent area (Baldrighi et al. 2020).</p><p>This is the first report of this species from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E20A79FFFEFFB5FF0B30A5FBD3F810	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chatterjee, Tapas;Sautya, Sabyasachi;Dovgal, Igor;Gaikwad, Santosh	Chatterjee, Tapas, Sautya, Sabyasachi, Dovgal, Igor, Gaikwad, Santosh (2022): Report of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibionts on meiobenthic nematodes in an oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5138 (4): 492-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.9
