identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E38780FF80FFCF6496FC6FFEE71CDB.text	03E38780FF80FFCF6496FC6FFEE71CDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus Dalla Torre 1904	<div><p>Genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904</p><p>Euodynerus Dalla Torre 1904: 38, name for section II of division III of subgenus Leionotus of genus Odynerus Latreille in de Saussure (1853: 177) (40 species); declared available from date of publication by Opinion 893 (ICZN 1970) (no. 1873 of Official List of Generic Names in Zoology). Type species: Vespa dantici Rossi, 1790, by subsequent designation of Blüthgen (1938: 277); confirmed by Opinion 893 (no. 2331 of Official List of Specific Names in Zoology).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF80FFCF6496FC6FFEE71CDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF80FFCC6496FB32FA021A77.text	03E38780FF80FFCC6496FB32FA021A77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus	<div><p>Key to the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus</p><p>1. Occipital carina strongly developed on gena and sides of vertex, forming a high translucent lamella; gena seen from above nearly straight and with projecting occipital carina. Outer margin of tegula strongly rounded. Dorsal carina of propodeum developed in a high translucent lamella and almost reaching posterolateral corners of propodeum. Small-sized species (body length 5.0–7.5 mm) richly marked with yellow on whole body, black background sometimes replaced with ferruginous......................................................................................... Euodynerus salzi (Giordani Soika)</p><p>-. Occipital carina normally developed on gena and sides of vertex, not lamellate; gena seen from above rounded and without markedly projecting occipital carina. Outer margin of tegula weakly rounded. Dorsal carina of propodeum not lamellate, if shortly lamellate then only visible near metanotum. Larger-sized species (body length 8.0–14.5 mm) not richly marked with yellow.................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Mandible narrow and elongate, in frontal view outer and dentate margins forming an angle of less than 45°. Mesosoma not depressed, mesoscutum and scutellum convex and not forming an even surface. Translucent margin of T1 sharply separated from rest of surface; T1–2 with deep and distinct punctures on whole surface. Male: F11 digitiform and weakly curved, not depressed … 3</p><p>-. Mandible robust and not elongate, in frontal view outer and dentate margins forming an angle of about 45°. Mesosoma depressed, mesoscutum and scutellum flattened and forming an even surface. Translucent margin of T1 not markedly separated from rest of surface; T1 and base of T2 with shallow and indistinct punctures, disc and apex of T2 with punctures progressively deeper and larger. Male: F11 bacilliform and nearly straight, depressed on dorsal face.................................... 5</p><p>3. T1–2 sparsely punctate, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters. S2 strongly bulging basally, with a well-developed basal vertical face separated from the rest of the surface by a marked transverse ridge. Black with few whitish markings........................................................................ Euodynerus semiaethiopicus (Giordani Soika)</p><p>-. T1–2 densely punctate, interspaces at most slightly wider than puncture diameter. S2 not strongly bulging basally, evenly sloping towards basal furrow. Black with extensive orange-red markings............................................... 4</p><p>4. Occipital carina distinctly bent at level of ocular sinus. Pronotal carina angled on humeri; lateral face of pronotum strongly depressed and striate. T1–2 with coarser and deeper punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter; T1 entirely orange-red, T2 black or with basolateral red spots only, following tergites entirely black............. Euodynerus niloticus (de Saussure)</p><p>-. Occipital carina evenly rounded at level of ocular sinus. Pronotal carina evenly rounded on humeri; lateral face of pronotum weakly depressed and not striate. T1–2 with finer punctures, interspaces at least as wide as puncture diameter; T1 orange-red with large basomedian black spot, T2 with large lateral markings fused with apical band, following tergites almost entirely orange................................................................................. Euodynerus socotrae (Kohl)</p><p>5. Head and mesosoma with dust-like pubescence and sparse, short pale setae. Posterior lobe of tegula long and acute, with very shallow punctures; outer margin of tegula very weakly curved, tegula about 2× as long as wide. Dorsal carina of propodeum indistinct, largely confused with coarse sculpture. Metasoma grayish-black, at most with suffused red spots at base and apex. Male: face mostly red, clypeus about as long as wide, apical emargination as wide as interantennal distance.................................................................................... Euodynerus histrionicus (Gerstäcker)</p><p>-. Head and mesosoma with dense, long golden setae and without dust-like pubescence. Posterior lobe of tegula short and blunt, with deep punctures; outer margin of tegula markedly curved, tegula about 1.7× as long as wide. Dorsal carina of propodeum distinct and sharp. Metasoma black with yellow longitudinal bands on sides. Male: face largely yellow, clypeus longer than wide, apical emargination narrower than interantennal distance....................................... Euodynerus gaya sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF80FFCC6496FB32FA021A77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF83FFCA6496FD9EFEF11CDB.text	03E38780FF83FFCA6496FD9EFEF11CDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus (Euodynerus) gaya Selis 2024	<div><p>Euodynerus (Euodynerus) gaya sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 1, 7A</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from other African Euodynerus by the following characters: head and mesosoma with dense long golden setae and lacking pubescence, mandible robust, mesosoma depressed with flattened mesoscutum and scutellum, tegula about 1.7× as long as wide with short posterior lobe, outer margin markedly curved, T1 with ill-defined translucent margin and nearly impunctate, T2 with punctures becoming progressively coarser apically, pattern red and black with longitudinal yellow bands on metasoma, male F11 bacilliform and straight. Genitalia in Fig. 7A.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♁, labeled “ NIGER / Gaya / 21.X.75 / G. Popov // Euodynerus gaya / HOLOTYPUS ♁ / det. Marco Selis ” (MSNVE).</p><p>Description. Male holotype. Body length 12.3 mm; fore wing length 10.2 mm. Head 0.8× as high as wide in frontal view. Clypeus 1.1× as long as wide, apical margin deeply emarginate and with translucent lamellar margin, 0.2× as wide as width of clypeus; apical teeth triangular and pointed, with short but strong carinae; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Interantennal space sharply carinate and slightly bulging in upper part. Distance between posterior ocellus and inner eye margin 0.7× as long as distance between posterior ocelli; distance between posterior ocellus and occipital carina 2.15× as long as distance between posterior ocellus and inner eye margin; ocelli disposed as an obtuse triangle, distance between posterior ocelli 3× as long as distance between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellus. Gena 0.55× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, furrowed along occipital carina; vertex distinctly sloping posteriorly in lateral view; occipital carina complete, distinct but weak on vertex, highly lamellate and sinuate on gena. F1 2.15× as long as wide and 1.4× as long as F2; F2–F10 distinctly longer than wide, becoming progressively shorter; F7–F9 slightly curved in lateral view; F 11 in lateral view nearly straight with shallowly depressed dorsal face, the apex weakly reflexed, in dorsal view parallel-sided and straight in basal fourth, then bent outwards with converging margins, apex flattened dorsoventrally and rounded, reaching base of F8. Mandible short and robust, four-toothed with basalmost tooth very small and almost completely fused to third tooth. Mesosoma in dorsal view 1.3× as long as wide; depressed dorsoventrally with an almost entirely flattened dorsal face. Pronotum in dorsal view with converging and weakly convex sides, shallowly depressed behind humeri; pronotal carina lamellate on dorsal face, slightly shorter on median line and almost disappearing just below humeri, then sharp but not lamellate on lateral faces; humeri rounded; pretegular carina very sharp on whole length; oblique humeral carina absent, but dorsal and lateral faces sharply separated, lateral faces depressed. Mesoscutum 0.95× as long as wide, barely convex on anterior half and flattened posteriorly; notauli extremely shallow and barely visible only along posterior margin of mesoscutum. Scutellum flattened with anterior margin slightly bulging in the middle, forming an even surface with mesoscutum but separated from it by a deep furrow; axillary fossa narrow and elongate, elliptical. Metanotum angled, with short horizontal dorsal face and much longer vertical posterior face; dorsal face short and very deeply furrowed in the middle, posterior face dorsally projecting due to strongly denticulate transverse carina; lateral longitudinal carinae very high and lamellate, much higher than metanotum itself. Tegula 1.7× as long as wide, outer margin evenly curved, posterior lobe subtriangular, short and blunt, equaling parategula; parategula flattened and wide, curved with truncate apex. Mesepisternum convex; epicnemial carina exceeding transverse furrow above and reaching mesosternum below, where it bifurcates before disappearing, strongly lamellate below transverse furrow. Propodeum in lateral view forming a dorsal horizontal surface about as long as metanotum; dorsal faces strongly convex and laterally sloping; lateral faces flattened, shallowly furrowed above submarginal carina; posterior face evenly deeply concave, with a shallow longitudinal median carina dorsally replaced by a small subtriangular sclerite; dorsal carinae strong and shortly lamellate, gradually disappearing laterally and not reaching posterolateral corners, suddenly disappearing near metanotum; lateral carinae present as a strong fold on posterior half, but not sharp; inferior carinae strongly denticulate; submarginal carina dull, forming a sharp short lobe just above apex of valvula. T 1 in dorsal view trapezoidal with convex anterior margin, 1.95× as wide as long; in lateral view with the weakly convex vertical face smoothly passing into the flattened horizontal face; apical margin translucent, more evidently on sides. S1 crescent-shaped, with sharp basal carina separating it from basal petiole. T2 0.8× as long as wide in dorsal view, weakly convex with shallowly depressed preapical area; apical margin somewhat thickened and duplicated in median third. S2 shallowly depressed, with slightly bulging basal corners; in lateral view bulging basally and then slightly convex to apex. S7 flattened with broadly rounded apex. Genitalia in Fig. 7A.</p><p>Clypeus silky-shiny with sparse shallow punctures, interspaces larger than puncture diameter and with extremely fine shagreen. Frons shiny with deep dense punctures, interspaces mostly narrower than puncture diameter and very finely shagreened; ocular sinus mostly impunctate in lower half; vertex and gena with punctures larger and sparser than on frons. Scape weakly shiny and densely micropunctate, with sparse small punctures. Dorsal face of pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum sculpted similar to vertex, but punctures larger and deeper, partly arranged in irregular transverse or oblique series; lateral faces of pronotum largely impunctate in dorsal third, densely and coarsely punctate below; anterior face of pronotum smooth except for fine setae-bearing punctures along upper margin and on anterior part. Tegula shiny, with deep sparse punctures on anterior and posterior lobes, disc impunctate and shiny. Metanotum very densely and coarsely punctate, interspaces reduced to sharp ridges on dorsal face. Mesepisternum with large flat-bottomed punctures arranged in vertical series, with only some very short interspaces in lower half; epicnemium finely shagreened and silky-shiny; mesosternum sparsely punctate with irregular transverse striation. Metaepisternum weakly shiny and almost entirely smooth, except for few shallow punctures along ventral margin. Dorsal faces of propodeum with dense flat-bottomed punctures, interspaces shiny and large in anterior third, reduced to narrow ridges posteriorly; posterior face weakly shiny and shagreened, with some punctures along upper margin and obliquely striate along median carina; lateral faces matte with sparse shallow flat-bottomed punctures, Partly arranged in series. Metasoma velvety due to dense shagreen; T1 mostly impunctate, with few scattered fine punctures along basal curvature and on disc, some coarse dense punctures along lateral margins; T2 with sparse oblique punctures, coarser and denser on apical fourth, almost disappearing on lateral thirds; T3–T6 sculpted similar to apex of T2 but punctures progressively finer and sparser; T7 shagreened and impunctate; S1 irregularly punctate and rugose; S2 with deep punctures, interspaces mostly wider than puncture diameter; S3–S6 similar to respective tergites but punctures finer; S7 silky-shiny with very dense shagreen and sparse very fine punctures. Head, mesosoma and legs with golden setae, longer than ocellar diameter on dorsal side of mesosoma and much shorter on legs, each seta originating from the bottom of a puncture, pubescence inconspicuous and barely visible at high magnification on dorsal side of mesosoma only; clypeus with short appressed whitish setae and inconspicuous pubescence on upper margin; propodeum with whitish pubescence on lateral faces and long white setae on inferior carinae; metasoma with extremely fine dark pubescence giving a velvety appearance to the tergites, less evident on sternites, points bearing short oblique setae, slightly longer on sternites; apical margin of S7 with a brush of very dense black setae, preceded by a sparser series of golden setae.</p><p>Head, mesosoma and legs entirely red, with most of face and lower side of scape yellow and irregular black markings around ocelli and on mesoscutum; metasoma black with lateral longitudinal yellow bands, starting as an isolate spot on T1, red markings on sides of T1, most of T7 and nearly whole sternites. Wings bicolor, reddishhyaline in basal half, infuscate with purplish reflections in apical half.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Niger (Fig. 8).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is in reference to the locality where the holotype was collected, Gaya. It is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF83FFCA6496FD9EFEF11CDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF85FFC86496FB33FCB01B43.text	03E38780FF85FFC86496FB33FCB01B43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus (Euodynerus) histrionicus (Gerstacker 1857) Selis & Carpenter 2023	<div><p>Euodynerus (Euodynerus) histrionicus (Gerstäcker, 1857)</p><p>Figs. 2, 7B</p><p>Rhynchium histrionicum Gerstäcker 1857: 463, ♀ —“Mossambique” (holotype ZMHB).</p><p>Rhynchium foraminosum Gribodo 1895: 101, ♀ —“Lourenso-Marquez” (holotype lost, previously in MSNG).</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from other African Euodynerus by the following characters: head and mesosoma with sparse short pale setae and pubescence, mandible robust, mesosoma depressed with flattened mesoscutum and scutellum, tegula about 2× as long as wide with long posterior lobe, outer margin weakly curved, T1 with ill-defined translucent margin and nearly impunctate, T2 with punctures becoming progressively coarser apically, pattern red and black without yellow markings, male F11 bacilliform and straight. Genitalia in Fig. 7B.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE OF RHYNCHIUM HISTRIONICUM: “ histrionicum / Gerst. / (caput falsum!) //Type// Mozambique /Tette / Peters S. // 2662” (ZMHB). ANGOLA: Bruco, 26.II–2.III.1972, 1♁ (MSNVE); ERITREA: Cheren, 1894, leg. D.F. Derchi, 1♁ (MSVI); MALAWI: Salima, Grand Beach Hotel, 25.II.1975, leg. G.G.M. Schulthen, 1♀ (MSNVE); MOZAΜBIQUE: Port. E. Africa, Valley of Kola R., near E Mt. Chiperone, 1500–2000 ft., 6.IV.1913, leg. S.A. Neave, 1♀ (MSNVE); Zambesi, Caia, 10.XI.1910, leg. H. Swale, 1♀ (MSNVE); SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Punda Milia, 900 ft., Kruger P., 22.II.1969, leg. R.T. Simon Thomas, 1♁ 1♀ (MSNVE); Zululand, Mfongosi, IV.1923, leg. Jones, 1♀ (MSNVE); TANZANIA: SE edge Ruaha N, Mkwawa, 13-17.XII.2014, leg. S. Prepsl, 1♁ 1♀ (MSVI); ZAΜBIA: N.E. Rhodesia, Mid-Luangwa Valley, 1800 ft., 23–31.VIII.1910, leg. S.A. Neave, 1♀ (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Angola, Botswana, Eritrea *, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Bequaert 1918; Carpenter et al. 2009; Gerstäcker 1857, 1862; Gribodo 1895; Radoszkovsky 1881; Selis &amp; Carpenter 2023; von Schulthess 1899, 1922a, 1922b) (Fig. 8).</p><p>Notes. Carpenter et al. (2009) reported this species as present in Namibia, citing von Schulthess (1922b) as source of this occurrence. In fact, the cited paper only reports localities in Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique and South Africa. The species is expected to be found in Namibia too, but we currently do not have any confirmed occurrence from that country.</p><p>The male from Cheren (Eritrea) could represent a different species, being collected very far away from the rest of the distributional area of the species and having some differences in clypeus, F11 and propodeal denticulation. The differences are rather subtle and could be consequences of the reduced size of the specimen, therefore they are tentatively regarded as intraspecific variation; moreover, no differences could be found in the genitalia. More material is needed to ascertain whether the Eastern African population represents a different species or just a local form of Euodynerus histrionicus .</p><p>Euodynerus histrionicus and the newly described E. gaya form a rather peculiar group inside of Euodynerus, currently known from sub-Saharan Africa only and well-differentiated from the Palaearctic taxa, including the other species included in the present revision. This group is characterized by more robust mandibles, markedly depressed and relatively elongate mesosoma, translucent margin of T1 not distinct, and F11 of male bacilliform and dorsally depressed. Similar characters are observed in another Afrotropical genus related to Euodynerus, Proepipona Giordani Soika, in which Giordani Soika considered E. histrionicus to belong according to labels pinned under specimens in his collection. However, E. histrionicus and E. gaya show several characters observed in Euodynerus but not in Proepipona: vertex of female without large transverse impunctate area, mesepisternum with strongly developed epicnemial carina, tegula elongate with long posterior lobe and weakly curved outer margin, metanotum markedly angled and with denticulate transverse carina, and propodeum strongly carinate. It is possible that E. histrionicus and E. gaya will prove to not belong to Euodynerus s. str., but a thorough revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus is needed to ascertain the relationships between Euodynerus, Proepipona and these two aberrant species; for this reason, they are kept in Euodynerus for the time being.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF85FFC86496FB33FCB01B43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF87FFC96496FC4BFCFC191F.text	03E38780FF87FFC96496FC4BFCFC191F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus (Euodynerus) niloticus (de Saussure 1855)	<div><p>Euodynerus (Euodynerus) niloticus (de Saussure, 1855)</p><p>Figs. 3, 7C</p><p>Rhynchium niloticum de Saussure 1855: 181, pl. XVI fig. 8, ♀ —“l’Abyssinie” (coll. Sichel, MNHN?).</p><p>Odynerus ebneri von Schulthess 1921: 286, ♁ (in subgenus Lionotus)—“Kairo, Ägypten; Tuti-Insel bei Khartum; ägyptischer Sudan …, Manora, Charachi ” (NHMW and ZMUZ). Syn. nov.</p><p>Odynerus meyeri var. palestinensis von Schulthess 1928: 72, ♀ (in subgenus Lionotus)—“ Palestina: Wadi el Kelt” (ZMUZ). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pseudepipona nilotica saudita Giordani Soika 1957: 478, ♀, ♁ (in subgenus Euodynerus)—“ ADEN ” (holotype lost?). Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from other African Euodynerus by the following characters: occipital carina and pronotal carina bent on sides, mesosoma not depressed, T1 with sharply defined translucent margin, T1–2 densely and evenly punctate with very narrow interspaces, pattern black and orange with entirely orange T1, T2 entirely black or orange spotted, T3 and following tergites black, male F11 digitiform and weakly curved. Genitalia in Fig. 7C.</p><p>Material examined. CHAD: Tibesti, Deli 50 km S Fada, 18.IX.1949, leg. De Mirè, 2♁ (MSNVE) ; EGYPT: Wadi Hussein, 31.V.1919, leg. Adair, 1♀ (MSNVE) ; ERITREA: Africa or., Katona, Assab, 10.III–3.IV.1907, 1♁ 1♀ (MSNVE) ; Massaua, I.1900, leg. P. Magretti, 2♁ 1♀ (MSNVE) ; JORDAN: Araba Reserve, Wadi Araba Camp Site (N.R.A. Camp), 31.III.1995, leg. D.P. I.T., 1♀ (MSVI) ; OΜAN: Masirah Is., RAF camp, 15–19.IV.1976, leg. K. Guichard, 2♁ 1♀ (MSNVE) ; PAKISTAN: Karachi, 15.VIII.1932, 1♁ 1♀ (MSNVE) ; Karachi, leg. T.R. Bell, 1♁ (MSNVE) ; SAUDI ARABIA: Madain Salih, IV.1946, 1♀ (MSNVE, paratype of Pseudepipona nilotica saudita) ; SUDAN: Khartum, 10–21.IX.1935, leg. A. Mochi, 1♁ 3♀ (MSNVE); Wadi Halfa, 11.II.1962, 1♀ (MSNVE) ; 2. Nilkatarakt, 10.II.1962, 1♁ (MSNVE) ; YEΜEN: Aden, 1♀ (MSNVE) ; Socotra, Hadibo Plain, 0–500m, 30.IV.1967, leg. K. Guichard, 1♀ (MSNVE) ; Socotra, Hadibo Plain, 19.III.1967, leg. K. Guichard, 1♀ (MSNVE) .</p><p>Distribution. Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan *, Oman * (including Masirah), Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (including Socotra) (de Saussure 1855; Giordani Soika 1934, 1935, 1940, 1954, 1957, 1970, 1974; Guichard 1986; von Schulthess 1921, 1922, 1928) (Fig. 8).</p><p>Notes. Other than the nominotypical one, two other subspecies of E. niloticus are currently recognized: E. niloticus ebneri (von Schulthess), ranging from northeast Africa to Pakistan, and E. niloticus sauditus (Giordani Soika), from the Arabian Peninsula. The three subspecies are differentiated by the extension of red markings on the sides of T2, but examination of several specimens proved this character to be highly variable even in the same locality and did not allow finding any morphological difference. For these reasons, all the subspecies are synonymized under the nominal one.</p><p>Giordani Soika (1957) stated the holotype of Pseudepipona nilotica saudita to be in his collection, now housed in MSNVE, but only a female paratype was found during the recent reorganization of the collection (cf. Dal Pos et al. 2022). It could be lost or housed in NHMUK, as happens for other types of Palaearctic Eumeninae (e.g. Leptochilus locuples Giordani Soika; A. Fateryga pers. comm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF87FFC96496FC4BFCFC191F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF89FFC66496FF56FCFE1A9C.text	03E38780FF89FFC66496FF56FCFE1A9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus (Euodynerus) salzi (Giordani Soika 1952)	<div><p>Euodynerus (Euodynerus) salzi (Giordani Soika, 1952)</p><p>Figs. 4, 7D</p><p>Pseudepipona Salzi Giordani Soika 1952: 42, fig. 9 (1–2, 4–5), ♁, ♀ (in subgenus Euodynerus)—“ Palestina: Gerusalemme ” (lectotype male lost or NHMUK?).</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from other African Euodynerus by the following characters: occipital carina strongly developed and lamellate on sides, outer margin of tegula strongly curved, dorsal carina of propodeum strongly lamellate, body size small (body length 5.0–7.5 mm) and pattern with rich yellow markings, male F11 subtriangular and straight. Genitalia in Fig. 7D.</p><p>Material examined. SAUDI ARABIA: El Riyadh, 18.IX.1958, leg. Dr. Diehl, 1♁ (MSNVE); El Riyadh, 8.IV.1959, leg. Dr. Diehl, 1♁ (MSNVE) .</p><p>Distribution. Chad, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (Giordani Soika 1952, 1954; Guichard 1986; Gusenleitner 2010) (Fig. 8).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika (1973) stated the lectotype to be in his collection, now housed in MSNVE, but it was not found during the recent reorganization of the collection (cf. Dal Pos et al. 2022). It could be lost or housed in NHMUK, as happens for other types of Palaearctic Eumeninae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF89FFC66496FF56FCFE1A9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF88FFC46496FF56FC071A1B.text	03E38780FF88FFC46496FF56FC071A1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus (Euodynerus) semiaethiopicus (Giordani Soika 1943)	<div><p>Euodynerus (Euodynerus) semiaethiopicus (Giordani Soika, 1943)</p><p>Figs. 5, 7E</p><p>Odynerus semiaethiopicus Giordani Soika 1943: 9, fig. 4 (1, 2), ♁ (in subgenus Rhynchium)—“ Isole del Capo Verde: S. Thiago, Orgaos Grandes” (lectotype MSNG).</p><p>Euodynerus albomaculatus Gusenleitner 2000: 67, ♁ (in subgenus Euodynerus)—“Kap Verdischen Inseln … Santo Ant„o; Tarrafal ” (coll. La Roche). Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from other African Euodynerus by the following characters: mesosoma not depressed, T1 with sharply defined translucent margin, T1–2 sparsely punctate with interspaces as wide as several punctures, S2 strongly bulging with a basal vertical face, pattern black with few whitish markings, male F11 digitiform and weakly curved. Genitalia in Fig. 7E.</p><p>Material examined. CAPE VERDE: S. Thiago, Orgaos Grandes, V.1898, leg. L. Fea, 1♁ 1♀ (MSNVE, paralectotypes of Odynerus semiaethiopicus) .</p><p>Distribution. Cape Verde (Giordani Soika 1943; Gusenleitner 2000) (Fig. 8).</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2000) described Euodynerus albomaculatus comparing it to the unrelated Nearctic species E. megaera (Lepeletier) and stating that the shape of S2 was not known in other Euodynerus species, overlooking the Cape Verde endemic E. semiaethiopicus . Photos of the holotype of E. albomaculatus were examined and compared with a pair of paralectotypes of E. semiaethiopicus, allowing the finding of subtle differences in the width of the apical margin of clypeus and density of punctures at apex of T2 only. These differences are here regarded as simple intraspecific variability, making E. albomaculatus a junior synonym.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF88FFC46496FF56FC071A1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF8BFFC56496FD73FD3E1EA4.text	03E38780FF8BFFC56496FD73FD3E1EA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euodynerus (Euodynerus) socotrae (Kohl 1906)	<div><p>Euodynerus (Euodynerus) socotrae (Kohl, 1907)</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Odynerus socotrae Kohl 1907: 257, pl. V figs. 1, 4, ♀, ♁—“Ras Shoab” (NHMW)</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from other African Euodynerus by the following characters: occipital carina and pronotal carina evenly curved on sides, mesosoma not depressed, T1 with sharply defined translucent margin, T1–2 densely and evenly punctate with interspaces at least as wide as punctures, pattern black and orange with T1 and T2 orange at apex and on sides, T3 and following segments almost entirely orange, male F11 digitiform and weakly curved.</p><p>Material examined. YEΜEN: Socotra, Hadibo, 21.II.1953, leg. G. Popov, 1♀ (MSNVE) (Fig. 8) .</p><p>Distribution. Yemen: Socotra (Giordani Soika 1934, 1940; Kohl 1907).</p><p>Species erroneously placed in Euodynerus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF8BFFC56496FD73FD3E1EA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
03E38780FF8AFFC26496F8CAFCFC1883.text	03E38780FF8AFFC26496F8CAFCFC1883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Knemodynerus fabulosus (Giordani Soika 1979) Selis 2024	<div><p>Knemodynerus fabulosus (Giordani Soika, 1979) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Euodynerus fabulosus Giordani Soika 1979: 241, figs. 6–7, ♀ —“ Niger: Dosso ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. NIGER: Gaya, 20.XI.1976, 1♀ (MSNVE, paratype). Distribution. Niger (Giordani Soika 1979) .</p><p>Notes. This species was described as Euodynerus fabulosus by Giordani Soika (1979), but examination of a paratype showed that this species should be transferred to the genus Knemodynerus Blüthgen, having an elongate tegula with the posterior lobe covering the parategula (Fig. 9C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38780FF8AFFC26496F8CAFCFC1883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2024): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5399 (4): 365-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.4.4
