identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E387AEBA47FFF7FF45FE84FB360E1A.text	03E387AEBA47FFF7FF45FE84FB360E1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protopolybia lidiae Santos & Silveira	<div><p>Protopolybia lidiae Santos &amp; Silveira, sp. nov. (Figs 1–4)</p><p>Diagnosis. Clypeus very high and narrow (HClp/MiWClp= 1.13), with ventral margin narrowly subtruncate and produced ventrally (Fig. 1); occipital carina not reaching mandible insertion, extending approximately for three fourths of height of gena (Fig. 2), ground color black with few marks, yellow (Fig. 4).</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Length of fore wing 4.40 mm; clypeus narrow (HClp= 0.53; MxWClp= 0.58; TeW= 0.44; MiWClp = 0.47mm), ventral margin narrowly subtruncate and produced ventrally (Fig. 1); tentorial pit closer to antennal socket than to eye margin; interantennal area narrow, approximately equal to diameter of antennal socket; mandible relatively short, with length 0.66 × times distance between eye at vertex; occipital carina little developed, extending for approximately three fourths of height of gena (Fig. 2); pronotal carina obtuse, preceded by short linear prominence; mesoscutum as long as wide; mesepisternal groove absent; scrobal groove abbreviated; scutellum with median line; metanotum triangular and short, with length 0.72 × width of central disk; metanotal lobe with apex narrowly rounded (Fig. 3); propodeum gently convex around narrow median groove; T1 posteriorly triangular, with petiole 1.38 × longer than wide; T1 notably narrower than T2.</p><p>Frons, mesoscutum and mesopleuron finely reticulated; scutellum and metanotum with weak punctures anteriorly; metasomal segments reticulated; ventral margin of clypeus with elongate golden bristles; eye glabrous; body almost completely covered with short bristles, except propodeum and anterior portion of T1 with long and sparse bristles. Black, with few yellow spots (Fig. 4); antennomeres black dorsally and brown ventrally; mandible brown; clypeus with yellow V-shaped mark, inner and outer orbit with mark that not touching vertex and occiput, interantennal area with two small spots, pronotum with marks on pronotal carina and anterior prominence of fovea, mesopleural mark, two metapleural marks, scutellum partially, dorsal paired spots on propodeum, posterior bands on T1–T2 (Figs 3, 4), yellow; metanotum with two small yellow spots or black; vertex and mesoscutum black; T3–T5 black. Coxae, femora, tibiae and tarsi black; wings hyaline, venation brown.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>NEST. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ♀, BRAZIL, Pará, Altamira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.8/lat 5.866667)">Serra do Pardo</a>, 05°52'N 52°48'W, 28.iv.2012 (S.S. Silva) (MPEG) ; paratypes: 33 ♀ (same data as holotype). Other material. BRAZIL: Pará, Novo Progresso, Área 2 Fazenda, 1 ♀, 20.xi.2005 (J. Dias), 1 ♀, 22.xi.2005, 1 ♀, 26.xi.2005 (MPEG) .</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Pará).</p><p>Remarks. Protopolybia lidiae sp. nov. belongs to the P. exigua species-group (Santos-Junior et al. 2015), with morphology and color pattern resembling those of P. similis, P. diligens and P. minutissima . However, P. lidiae differs from P. similis in the shape of its propodeum (gently convex around a narrow median groove) and its occipital carina, which does not reach the mandible insertion (Figs 2, 5). Protopolybia lidiae can also be confused with a variant of P. diligens, and although its clypeus is equally narrow (Figs 1, 6), the apex is different, being produced ventrally. Moreover, the metanotal process is wider with the apex more acute (Figs 3, 7), and it has no basal band on T2. The similarity between P. lidiae and P. minutissima is mainly in their color pattern and narrowing of the clypeus; however, P. lidiae is clearly differentiated by the shape of its occipital carina, which does not reach the mandible insertion, but extends to about ¾ of the height of the gena (Figs 2, 8).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is in honor grandmother of first author (J.N. Santos), called Lídia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387AEBA47FFF7FF45FE84FB360E1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.;Silveira, Orlando T.;Carpenter, James M.	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T., Carpenter, James M. (2017): A new species of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with taxonomic contributions to the exigua species-group. Zootaxa 4286 (3): 432-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.11
03E387AEBA44FFF6FF45FADAFB7E0D04.text	03E387AEBA44FFF6FF45FADAFB7E0D04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protopolybia minutissima (Spinola 1851) Spinola 1851	<div><p>Protopolybia minutissima (Spinola, 1851)</p><p>Material examined. ECUADOR: Sucumbios, 6♀, Limoncocha, 06.vii.1971 (M. Naumann) ; BRAZIL: Amazonas, 1♂, 13♀, Presidente Figueiredo, vii.2013 (A. Somavilla) (INPA) , Acre, 1♀, Rio Branco, 04.x.1998 (S. Mateus) (UNESP- IBILCE).</p><p>Distribution. Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador (Napo), Peru (Junín), Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Acre), Mexico.</p><p>Remarks. The last revision of the group included only new collection records and annotations about its distribution. According to Santos-Junior et al. (2015), P. minutissima is similar to P. similis, particularly with regard to the width of the clypeus and shape of the occipital carina, which extends to the insertion of the mandible. The male and its genitalia are here described, and the cited revision provides additional traits for the identification of P. minutissima .</p><p>MALE (hitherto unknown). Length of fore wing 4.2 mm; eyes wide, strongly produced inwards; clypeus very narrow, with elongate silvery bristles (Fig. 9); ventral margin narrowly curverd; tentorial pit closer to eye margin than to antennal socket; gena very narrow (Fig. 10); mandibles black; color like female. Parameral spine without elongate bristles; basal and apical angles of paramere widened (Fig. 11); digitus narrow with apical margin approximately rounded and with sparse bristles; basal process not acuminate (Fig. 14); cuspis with few and sparse bristles; ventral process of aedeagus not laterally projecting (Figs 12, 13), strongly sclerotized and weakly serrated; preapical region of aedeagus not angular in lateral view.</p><p>Regarding the apex of the aedeagus, its shape is sharply expanded laterally, forming two lobes in common with other species of the P. exigua species-group, such as P. bituberculata, P. diligens and P. clypeata (Santos-Junior et al. 2015) . Furthermore, a dorsal view of the aedeagus also revealed a median emargination, a trait that seems to be a synapomorphy of the genus, although this is less developed in P. holoxantha (Ducke 1904) and P. bituberculata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387AEBA44FFF6FF45FADAFB7E0D04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.;Silveira, Orlando T.;Carpenter, James M.	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T., Carpenter, James M. (2017): A new species of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with taxonomic contributions to the exigua species-group. Zootaxa 4286 (3): 432-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.11
03E387AEBA45FFF6FF45FA58FB930B80.text	03E387AEBA45FFF6FF45FA58FB930B80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protopolybia diligens (Smith 1857) Smith 1857	<div><p>Protopolybia diligens (Smith, 1857)</p><p>Material examined. BOLIVIA: Sara, 1♀ (Steinbach) ; ECUADOR: Santiago-Zamora, Cumbaratza, S.E. Loja, 1♀, 31.iii.1965 (L.E. Pena) ; Pastaza, Jibaria Shurupe, 1 ♀, 7.xi.1987 (M. Huybensz) (AMNH) ; BRAZIL: Maranhão, 113♀, 25.iv.2015, Ninho B 1 (Borges, R.C.), 166♀, Ninho B 2 (MPEG); Mato Grosso, 3♀, Utiariti, Rio Papagaio, vii-viii.1961 (K. Lenko) (MZUSP) .</p><p>Distribution. Colombia, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, * Mato Grosso); * Bolivia, * Ecuador.</p><p>Remarks. Richards (1978) described the shape of the nests of P. exigua as circular, with a diameter of about 3.5 and 1.2 cm high, presenting one or two combs. Like P. exigua, P. diligens also has a round nest, measuring 0.9–3.5 in height and 4.3–5.85 cm in length, with the number of combs varying from one to three (Figs 15, 16). In addition, three P. diligens nests shaped differently from the one described above were collected in São José de Ribamar, Maranhão, Brazil. Two of them are remarkably narrower and longer, reminiscent of the nests of P. bituberculata; both have a single comb, but they differ in size, one measuring 12.0 × 2.5 cm and the other 9.9 × 2.9 cm (Figs 17, 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387AEBA45FFF6FF45FA58FB930B80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.;Silveira, Orlando T.;Carpenter, James M.	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T., Carpenter, James M. (2017): A new species of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with taxonomic contributions to the exigua species-group. Zootaxa 4286 (3): 432-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.11
03E387AEBA42FFF1FF45FB3BFCFB0AAF.text	03E387AEBA42FFF1FF45FB3BFCFB0AAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protopolybia clypeata Santos, Silveira & Carpenter 2015	<div><p>Protopolybia clypeata Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter, 2015</p><p>Nest. Presents the two distinctive traits of the nest of this genus, the comb attached to the substrate by a central peduncle and several lateral auxiliary peduncles, and in this case, in addition, it has an envelope with one or more lateral exit holes. The nest, which is composed of paper carton and secretion, consists of a single comb, approximately hexagonal in shape (http://research.amnh.org/pbi-hym/locality/specimenimages/specimen/AMNH_HYM%2000000116-1.jpg; http:// research.amnh.org/pbi-hym/locality/specimenimages/specimen/AMNH_HYM%2000000292-1.jpg), measuring 5.08 × 3.81 × 3.81, slender like that of P. bituberculata, and entirely cream colored (Figs. 19 and 20). Four nests collected by J.M. Carpenter and A. Davidson in Peru are nests of P. clypeata . Two are completely finished (collection codes: 990318– 3, 000310–3; http://research.amnh.org/iz/hymenoptera/collection/display.php?sid=401247; http://research.amnh.org/iz/ hymenoptera/collection/display.php?sid=401246), one is missing its envelope (collection code: 000310–2; http:// research.amnh.org/iz/hymenoptera/collection/display.php?sid=395360), and the fourth is in an incipient stage of construction (collection code: 990317–2; http://research.amnh.org/iz/hymenoptera/collection/display.php?sid=401251). The first, second and fourth nests were mistakenly identified as Protopolybia rugulosa Ducke = Protopolybia minutissima (Spinola) (Carpenter 2012), and the third was not identified.</p><p>Material examined. ECUADOR: Napo, 8km E. Mishualli, 1♀, 28.xii.1987 (M. Huybensz) (AMNH).</p><p>Distribution. Colombia, Peru, Brazil (Acre), * Ecuador.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387AEBA42FFF1FF45FB3BFCFB0AAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.;Silveira, Orlando T.;Carpenter, James M.	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T., Carpenter, James M. (2017): A new species of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with taxonomic contributions to the exigua species-group. Zootaxa 4286 (3): 432-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.11
03E387AEBA42FFF0FF45F8ABFE560CE7.text	03E387AEBA42FFF0FF45F8ABFE560CE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protopolybia collombiana Santos, Silveira & Carpenter 2015	<div><p>Protopolybia collombiana Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter, 2015</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL: Acre, Cruz do Sul, 2♀, 23.iii.1982 (Tech, G.M.) (UNESP).</p><p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, * Brazil.</p><p>Remarks. The nest of P. collombiana consists of a single comb, with an approximately rhomboid-hexagonal shape, averaging 50 mm in length and 35 mm in width. The envelope consists of a single sheet of brown or beige plant fibers with color (Bequaert 1944). Rau (1933) presents almost the same description for P. collombiana (as P. sedula) from Barro Colorado Island, Panama . However, a nest of P. collombiana collected at Tena, Ecuador presents a distinctly green color with some narrow whitish markings (collection code: 901217–18; http://research.amnh.org/pbi-hym/locality/ specimenimages/specimen_thumbnails/ AMNH _HYM%2000000572-0.jpg). This is the first description of this variation in the envelope of the nest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387AEBA42FFF0FF45F8ABFE560CE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.;Silveira, Orlando T.;Carpenter, James M.	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T., Carpenter, James M. (2017): A new species of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with taxonomic contributions to the exigua species-group. Zootaxa 4286 (3): 432-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.11
03E387AEBA43FFF0FF45FEE3FDDB0DD7.text	03E387AEBA43FFF0FF45FEE3FDDB0DD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protopolybia similis Santos, Silveira & Carpenter 2015	<div><p>Protopolybia similis Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter, 2015</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL: Pará, Juruti, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.3/lat -2.6)">Trevo do Mutum</a>, 1♀, 02°36`S 56°18`W, 28.xi.2008 (S.S. Silva &amp; J. Dias) (MPEG).</p><p>Distribution. Peru, * Brazil (Pará).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387AEBA43FFF0FF45FEE3FDDB0DD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.;Silveira, Orlando T.;Carpenter, James M.	Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T., Carpenter, James M. (2017): A new species of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae), with taxonomic contributions to the exigua species-group. Zootaxa 4286 (3): 432-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.11
