identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4F0DADBCFD51827BC04C39AF56E7837C.text	4F0DADBCFD51827BC04C39AF56E7837C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiostoma album Wang & Lu	<div><p>Ophiostoma album Wang &amp; Lu sp. nov. Figure 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet reflects the white colour of the colonies.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA, Zhejiang, Yuyao City, from Monochamus alternatus gallery of Pinus massoniana infested by numerous PWN, November 2012, collected by Q Lu and YY Lun, culture ex-holotype MUCL 55189 = CFCC 52168 = CXY1622.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual form: Unknown. Asexual form: Hyalorhinocladiella -like. Conidiogenous cells micronematous, (4.2 –)9.5–16.5(– 20.5) × (0.5 –)1–2(– 2.5) μm; conidia hyaline, single-celled, aseptate, clavate or fusiform obovoid with pointed bases and (occasionally) rounded apices, slightly curved at the base (4 –)4.2–14.5(– 18) × (0.5 –)1–2(– 2.3) μm .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on 2% MEA white, with the mycelium edge thinning radially; Hyphae are superficial on agar, sporulation weak. Colonies slowly growing, reaching 18.5 μm in diameter at 8 d at 25 °C, able to grow at 40 °C but not at 5 °C, with the optimal growth temperature of 35 °C. Growth characteristics on PDA culture medium are similar but the growth rate is slower than on MEA.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Galleries of Monochamus alternatus in Pinus massoniana, infested by PWN, in Zhejiang Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA, Zhejiang, Yuyao City, from Monochamus alternatus galleries of Pinus massoniana infested by numerous PWN, November 2012, collected by Q Lu and YY Lun, MUCL 55190 = CFCC 52169 = CXY1642, CXY1643 = CFCC 52170.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Ophiostoma album only known in its asexual hyalorhinocladiella-like form. According to both ITS and tub2 based phylogenetic analysis, it is closely related to O. kryptum and O. olgensis in the O. minus complex (Figure 1). Ophiostoma album is easily distinguished from O. olgensis and O. kryptum based on their reproduction structure. Ophiostoma album only produces a hyalorhinocladiella-like asexual form in vitro, whereas the two other species produce both a sexual and asexual forms in vitro (Jacobs and Kirisits 2003, Wang et al. 2016). The conidial size and shape of the three species are obviously different. Ophiostoma album produces clavate or fusiform to obovoid and sometimes, slightly curved conidia; these are obovoid with pointed bases in both O. olgensis and O. kryptum . Furthermore, the conidia of O. album are much larger, 4.2-14.5 × 1.0-1.9 μm vs. 1.5-7 × 1.5-5 μm in the two other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F0DADBCFD51827BC04C39AF56E7837C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, HuiMin;Lun, YingYing;Lu, Quan;Liu, HuiXiang;Decock, Cony;Zhang, XingYao	Wang, HuiMin, Lun, YingYing, Lu, Quan, Liu, HuiXiang, Decock, Cony, Zhang, XingYao (2018): Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchusxylophilus and Monochamusalternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
812F6AD1E18C99A0B00A8CDEC2E8F0D3.text	812F6AD1E18C99A0B00A8CDEC2E8F0D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiostoma subsp. massoniana Wang & Lu	<div><p>Ophiostoma massoniana Wang &amp; Lu sp. nov. Figure 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet reflects the host tree, Pinus massoniana .</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA, Zhejiang Province, Fuyang City, from Monochamus alternatus gallery in Pinus massoniana infested by numerous PWN, November 2012, collected by Q Lu and YY Lun, culture ex-holotype, MUCL 55179 = CFCC 51648 = CXY1610.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual form: Unknown. Asexual form: Hyalorhinocladiella -like. Conidiophores abundant, single, borne on aerial hyphae, (3.3 –)10.5–27.5(– 42.5) × (0.7 –)1.3–2.0(– 2.7) μm; conidia hyaline, single-celled, aseptate, obovoid or globose with pointed bases and rounded apices, (2 –)2.2–3.9(– 5) × (0.5 –)0.7–1.7(– 2) μm .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on 2% MEA brown, the marginal hyphae sparse and radiating; some white mycelium produced early during growth that becomes black after 3-5 d. Colonies slowly growing, reaching 37.5 μm in diameter over 8 d at 25 °C, able to grow at 5 °C and 40 °C, with an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C; sporulation weak. On PDA culture medium, the colonies are dark brown; the mycelium is white, long and dense, with a daily growth of 4 μm at 25 °C.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Galleries of Monochamus alternatus in Pinus massoniana infested by PWN, in Zhejiang Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA, Zhejiang Province, Yuyao City, from Monochamus alternatus galleries in Pinus massoniana infested by numerous PWN, November 2012, collected by Q Lu and YY Lun, MUCL 55180 = CFCC 51649 = CXY1611.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Ophiostoma massoniana, only known by its asexual, hyalorhinocladiella-like state, does not cluster in any of the 10 species complexes defined by de Beer and Wingfield (2013) in Ophiostoma s. l. According to the ITS and tub2 phylogenetic analysis, the species is related to O. saponiodorum and O. pallidulum (Figure 1). Ophiostoma pallidulum also only produces asexual hyalorhinocladiella-like morphs in vitro, whereas O. saponiodorum produces a sexual and two asexual morphs (pesotum-like and hyalorhinocladiella-like). In addition, O. massoniana differs from O. saponiodorum in producing smaller conidia [(2 –)2.2–3.9(– 5) × (0.5 –)0.7–1.7(– 2) μm vs. (3 –)4–6(– 7) × 1 –1.5(– 2) μm] (Linnakoski et al. 2010). Further, the colour of O. massoniana colonies is different from that of the other two species. Namely, O. massoniana forms brown to dark brown colonies, while the other two species form pale colonies (Linnakoski et al. 2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/812F6AD1E18C99A0B00A8CDEC2E8F0D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, HuiMin;Lun, YingYing;Lu, Quan;Liu, HuiXiang;Decock, Cony;Zhang, XingYao	Wang, HuiMin, Lun, YingYing, Lu, Quan, Liu, HuiXiang, Decock, Cony, Zhang, XingYao (2018): Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchusxylophilus and Monochamusalternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
0D9617E85748765E3F4F77D6D26028AB.text	0D9617E85748765E3F4F77D6D26028AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sporothrix zhejiangensis Wang & Lu	<div><p>Sporothrix zhejiangensis Wang &amp; Lu sp. nov. Figure 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet reflects Zhejiang Province in China where the species was first collected.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA, Zhejiang, Yuyao City, from Monochamus alternatus gallery in Pinus massoniana infested by numerous PWN, November 2012, collected by Q Lu and YY Lun, culture ex-holotype MUCL 55183 = CFCC52165 = CXY1614.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph perithecial: Perithecia occasional on 2% MEA, emerging from the superficial mycelium or partly iμmersed, with a globose base, (75 –)80–108(– 120) μm in diameter, with some basal hyphal ornamentation, black; extending progressively into a straight, brown to black neck, (127 –)156–550(– 631) μm long, (26 –)32–58.5(– 65) μm wide at the base, (7 –)7.5–10.7(– 12) μm wide at the apex; ending in a crown of hyaline, (6 –)9–19.5(– 24) μm long ostiolar hyphae; ascospores reniform in side view, without sheath, aseptate, hyaline, (2 –)2.2–3.4(– 4) × (0.6 –)0.74–2(– 2.5) μm .</p><p>Asexual morph: pesotum-like and sporothrix-like.</p><p>Pesotum-like: Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous, abundant in 2% MEA. Synnemata occurring singly, enlarging towards both the apex and the base, dark brown at base, becoming paler toward the apex, (100 –)120–260(– 290) μm long including the conidiogenous apparatus, (56 –)63–145(– 158) μm wide at base, rhizoids present; conidiogenous cells (7 –)9.5–29(– 45.5) × 1 –2(– 1.7) μm; conidia hyaline, aseptate, single-celled, smooth, cylindrical or obovoid, (2 –)2.5–4.8(– 6) × (0.5 –)0.8–2.1(– 2.6) μm .</p><p>Sporothrix -like: Conidiophores micronematous, single on aerial mycelia, unbranched, (4.5 –)9.6–31.5(– 51.5) × (1.0 –)1.5–2(– 2.4) μm; conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, ellipsoid to ovoid, (2.5 –)3–4.8(– 5) × (0.7 –)1–2.1(– 2.5) μm .</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on 2% MEA medium are white, with colony edge thinning radially. Hyphae are superficial on agar. Diameter reaches 50 μm in the dark after 8 d at 25 °C, able to grow at 5 °C and 40 °C, with the optimal growth temperature of 30 °C. Growth characteristics on PDA medium are similar.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Galleries of Monochamus alternatus in Pinus massoniana infested by PWN; known hitherto from Zhejiang Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA, Zhejiang, Yuyao City, from Monochamus alternatus galleries in Pinus massoniana infested by PWN, November 2012, collected by Q Lu and YY Lun, MUCL 55181 = CFCC 52167 = CXY1612, MUCL 55182 = CFCC 52164 = CXY1613, MUCL 55184 = CFCC 52166 = CXY1615.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Sporothrix zhejiangensis is characterised by a sexual and two asexual forms (pesotum-like and sporothrix-like). It is phylogenetically related to S. nebulare, S. eucalyptigena and S. epigloea (Figure 1). Sporothrix zhejiangensis differs from S. nebulare in both ascomatal and conidial features. The perithecial neck of S. nebulare is shorter than that of S. zhejiangensis, respectively (140 –)169–293(– 365) μm and (127 –)156–550(– 631) μm . The conidia of S. nebulare also are smaller than those of S. zhejiangensis, mostly respectively 2.9-3.7 × 1.1-1.3 μm and 3-4.8 × 1-2.1 μm ( Romón et al. 1900).</p><p>Sporothrix eucalyptigena and S. epigloea produce perithecia and ascospores similar to those of S. zhejiangensis (Crous et al. 2015, Upadhyay 1981). However, S. eucalyptigena has a slightly wider neck than S. zhejiangensis (20-35 vs. 9-19.5 μm) and longer ostiolar hyphae. Furthermore, S. eucalyptigena and S. epigloea only produce a sporothrix-like asexual state and their conidia differ from those of S. zhejiangensis either in size or in shape. Sporothrix eucalyptigena has drop-shaped (lacrymoid) conidia, differing from the ellipsoid to ovoid conidia in S. zhejiangensis . Conidia of S. epigloea are larger than those of S. zhejiangensis (2.5-9 × 1-3.5 vs. 3-4.8 × 1-2.1 μm) (Crous et al. 2015). Another conspicuous difference between S. zhejiangensis and S. eucalyptigena is the growth rate; the former grows much faster than the latter (50 μm in 8 d vs. 50 μm in 30 d at 25 °C) (Upadhyay 1981).</p><p>Sporothrix zhejiangensis is also closely related to S. bragantina and S. thermara (Figure 1) (Pfenning and Oberwinkler 1993, de Beer et al. 2016). These three species display the same optimal growth temperature (30 °C) and a similar conidial shape (ellipsoid to obovoid) of their sporothrix-like morph. However, the perithecial base of S. bragantina is larger than that of S. zhejiangensis [globose base: 130-220 μm vs. (75 –)80–108(– 120) μm and the neck also is longer, 700-1200 μm vs. (127 –)156–550(– 631) μm]. The sporothrix-like conidia of S. bragantina also are larger than those of S. zhejiangensis (4-6 × 2-2.5 μm vs. 3-4.8 × 1-2.1 μm). Sporothrix thermara, hitherto, has no known sexual state. It only known by sporothrix-like state; conidia of S. thermara are larger than those of S. zhejiangensis (4-6 × 2-3 μm vs. 3-4.8 × 1-2.1 μm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D9617E85748765E3F4F77D6D26028AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, HuiMin;Lun, YingYing;Lu, Quan;Liu, HuiXiang;Decock, Cony;Zhang, XingYao	Wang, HuiMin, Lun, YingYing, Lu, Quan, Liu, HuiXiang, Decock, Cony, Zhang, XingYao (2018): Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchusxylophilus and Monochamusalternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
