identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E387F1FFC1070FFF2F512DFC90FEEC.text	03E387F1FFC1070FFF2F512DFC90FEEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiptera	<div><p>(Hemiptera: Aphididae)</p> <p>Diagnosis. According to Bodlah et al. (2013), the crape myrtle aphid can be diagnosed as follows: winged females are yellow or pale green in color (Fig. 1A). Colonies are composed of nymphs and winged females. Alate females with dark longitudinal stripes on head, thorax and apex of leg segments (Fig. 1A). Head and thorax devoid of spinal tubercles; antenna 6 segmented, each segment pigmented at its apex, antennal tubercles feebly developed (Fig. 1A). Processus terminalis 1.5 or less than length of base of antenomere VI. Fore wings with black spots on veins (Fig. 1A). Abdominal segment II with one large bifid medial tubercle, markedly pigmented (Figure 1B). Abdominal lateral tubercles well developed (Fig. 1B). Siphunculi short, dark, anal plate bilobed; cauda knobbed, with 8 or 9 hairs. Nymphs pale to bright yellow, with black spike- or hair-like projections on the abdomen, lacking black spots, but with two large black tubercles on dorsum of abdomen.</p> <p>Sarucallis kahawaluokalani belongs to the tribe Panaphidini in the subfamily Calaphidinae (Favret 2013). It is native to Southeast Asia, but was first described from specimens collected in Hawaii, by Kirkaldy (Herbert and Mizell 2006). The crape myrtle aphid is the most important insect pest of crape myrtle Lagerstroemia spp. in the United States and heavy infestations may cause cosmetic damage, although feeding appears to have no long-term effects on plant health or vigor (Herbert and Mizell 2006). Sarucallis kahawaluokalani also is commonly known in the scientific literature as Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy, 1907). Until recently, the genus Sarucallis Shinji, 1922, was placed as a synonym of Tinocallis Matsumura, 1919, by Remaudière and Remaudière (1997), but it was later revived as a separate genus by Quednau (2003). Some junior synonyms of S. kahawaluokalani include: Monellia lagerstroemiae Takahashi, 1920; Sarucallis lythrae Shinji, 1920; and Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Yovkova and Petrovic-Obradovic 2011).</p> <p>Sarucallis kahawaluokalani is widely distributed and has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, China, Cuba, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Panama, Spain, United States, and Venezuela (Blackman and Eastop 1994; Carrera and Cermeli 2003; Evans and Halbert 2007; Grillo 2008; Higuchi 1972; Leclant and Renoust 1986; Mier Durante et al. 1995; Peronti and Sousa-Silva 2002; Quiros and Emmen 2006; Szpeiner 2008; Tsitsipis et al. 2007). It is the most important insect pest on Lagerstroemia spp. (Herbert and Mizell 2006; Mizell and Schiffhauer 1987). Additionally, S. kahawaluokalani is mostly monophagous, monoecious and holocyclic (Lazzari and Zonta-de-Carvalho 2006), feeding mainly on Lagerstroemia indica L., but occasionally found on Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) (Zemora 2009) and Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae) (Mizell and Knox 1993). In the USA, S. kahawaluokalani is monophagous, feeding exclusively on crape myrtle (Herbert and Mizell 2006). All samples of S. kahawaluokalani in Colombia were collected on leaves of L. indica.</p> <p>This is the first report of S. kahawaluokalani from continental Colombia and from San Andres Island. San Andres is the main island of the Archipelago of San Andres, Old Providence and Santa Catalina, a southwestern Caribbean State of Colombia, composed of an extensive area of islands, banks and cays in the western Caribbean, located about 700 km northwest of mainland Colombia, and 250 km east of Nicaragua (Geister and Diaz 1997, Hartnoll et al. 2006).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387F1FFC1070FFF2F512DFC90FEEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kondo, Takumasa;Cortés, Ronald Simbaqueba	Kondo, Takumasa, Cortés, Ronald Simbaqueba (2014): Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a new invasive aphid on San Andres island and mainland Colombia, with notes on other adventive species. Insecta Mundi 2014 (362): 1-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5179213
03E387F1FFC0070FFF2F500DFB7BFBAF.text	03E387F1FFC0070FFF2F500DFB7BFBAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiptera	<div><p>(Hemiptera: Liviidae)</p> <p>Of all recent invasive species, Diaphorina citri (Fig. 2A) has received particular attention because it is a confirmed vector of the phloem limited gram-negative bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, one of the pathogens that cause the devastating citrus disease “Huanglongbing” (HLB) or citrus greening disease (Halbert and Manjunath 2004, Grafton-Cardwell et al. 2013). Besides being a vector of HLB, the Asian citrus psyllid, D. citri, can cause direct damage to its host plant by sucking large amounts of sap, injecting toxins that cause malformation of leaves and shoots and by inducing sooty molds that grow on the honeydew they produce (Michaud 2004). Diaphorina citri has a worldwide distribution; in South America it is known from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (Augier et al. 2006, Cermeli et al. 2007, EPPO 2005, ICA 2010a). In Colombia, D. citri was reported in Colombia for the first time in 2007 and has been recorded since from the States of Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca (ICA 2010a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387F1FFC0070FFF2F500DFB7BFBAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kondo, Takumasa;Cortés, Ronald Simbaqueba	Kondo, Takumasa, Cortés, Ronald Simbaqueba (2014): Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a new invasive aphid on San Andres island and mainland Colombia, with notes on other adventive species. Insecta Mundi 2014 (362): 1-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5179213
03E387F1FFC3070DFF2F5497FDBDFECF.text	03E387F1FFC3070DFF2F5497FDBDFECF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiptera	<div><p>(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)</p> <p>One of the most recent invasive species in Colombia is the fig whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Fig. 2F), reported from Colombia on leaves of Cuban laurel Ficus microcarpa L. f. in the city of Palmira and on the weeping fig F. benjamina L. (Moraceae), a common tree along the streets of Cali and Palmira, in the State of Valle del Cauca (Kondo and Evans 2012). Singhiella simplex is native to the Oriental region (Burma, China and India) and has been introduced to Puerto Rico and the USA (Florida) (Hodges 2007; Evans 2008; Mannion et al. 2008). It has been recorded also from Brazil, Cayman Islands, Jamaica (Jesus et al. 2010; Velasco et al. 2011), and was observed in Israel in 2011 and first recorded in Colombia in 2012 (Kondo and Evans 2012).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387F1FFC3070DFF2F5497FDBDFECF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kondo, Takumasa;Cortés, Ronald Simbaqueba	Kondo, Takumasa, Cortés, Ronald Simbaqueba (2014): Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a new invasive aphid on San Andres island and mainland Colombia, with notes on other adventive species. Insecta Mundi 2014 (362): 1-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5179213
