identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E3291C1C4092405C8DFF73C0F852B8.text	03E3291C1C4092405C8DFF73C0F852B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramelasma Stiller 2011	<div><p>Tetramelasma gen.n.</p> <p>(Figs 9a–g; 10a–k).</p> <p>Type species: Tetramelasma tanyphysis sp. n.</p> <p>Gender feminine.</p> <p>Etymology. Compound word in Greek, tetra, four, melasma, a black spot, for the four dark markings on the vertex. Gender feminine.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Moderately large leafhoppers (4–5 mm long), vertex with paired fuscous markings (Figs 2a; 3a; 5a; 6a&amp;b; 7a; 9a; 10a). Hind wing about ½ as long and ¾ as wide as tegmina, tegmina reaching apex or beyond apex of abdomen. Tegmina without appendix, or very narrow (Figs 7g, 9f). Aedeagus narrow, tubular (Figs 1g &amp;h, 4e, 7e&amp;f, 9e), base fused to connective (e.g. Figs 4e, 9e), shaft with subapical dorsal gonopore. Plate variable, generally truncate, length either up to ½ as long as pygofer (Figs 3c&amp;d, 4a&amp;b, 9b&amp;c), or about as long as pygofer, viewed laterally (Fig. 1c&amp;d). Style either with apophysis elongate, with ventral tooth (Figs 1f, 9d) or short, invaginated posteriorly, variably dentate (Figs 4c&amp;d; 7d). Female valvulae exposed basally (Figs 2b, 5b&amp;c, 8a, 10b); sternite 7 variable, with wide notch of variable depth; variably produced laterally (Figs 2b–e; 5b–f; 6c–g; 8a–d; 10b– e).</p> <p>Colour. Male &amp; female. Base colour yellowish-brown. Vertex dorsoapically with two paired fuscous markings: apical pair usually triangular, close together; basal pair close to anterior margin of compound eyes, roughly circular; markings of variable size. Vertex, pronotum and rarely scutellum sometimes dorsally with faint to darkbrown longitudinal stripes. Clypeus yellowish overlain by pale to dark-brown horizontal arcs, sometimes extending dorsally into vertex. Tegmina translucent smoky-yellowish-brown or almost colourless, veins pale to transparent; costal cell pale yellow, other cells sometimes bordered with light-brown markings (especially in apical cells) (e.g. Figs 3a, 7a, 9a).</p> <p>Tegmina &amp; hind wings. Male &amp; female. Tegmina macropterous (Figs 3a, 5a, 6b, 7a, 9a) or submacropterous (Figs 2a, 6a, 10a). Hind wing usually reduced, ½ as wide and ¾ as long as tegmina, jugal lobe present, small. (Figs 1i, 2f, 7h&amp;i, 9g), M1+2 sometimes fused to R4+5. Rarely hind wing fully developed (256 specimen’s wings examined, 12 specimens with hind wing as long and wide as tegmina).</p> <p>External morphology. Male &amp; female. Vertex 1.3–2.0 times longer medially than length of vertex next to eye, width of head 1.0–1.1 times wider than width across pronotum, diameter of ocellus 28 µm, ocellocular distance up to 48 µm. Vertex narrowly rounded to face, shagreened, disc of vertex smooth. Pronotum smooth. Clypellus rectangular, lateral convergent, subparallel margins. Gena extending slightly beyond posterior margin clypellus, slightly incised below eye. Spinulation of protibia 1+4. Profemur setae in row AV short, relatively thick, intercalary row setae about three times longer than those in AV, AV1 seta slightly longer and thicker than intercalary setae. Mesotibial setal formula 4+4. Metafemoral setal formula 2+2+1, apical paired setae slightly shorter than subapical seta, medial pair of different length and thickness. Metathoracic tibis with four rows of setae, as defined by Davis (1975). In all species of Tetramelasma, except in T. litopyx row III with uniform row of setae, reaching apex of tibia. In T. litopyx with row III without apical seta, but two subapical, heavily sclerotized setae, with tibia around base of these two setae sclerotized, both or one sometimes asymmetrical, about three times longer than basal setae. Internal morphology. Abdominal apodeme. Anterior and posterior apodeme narrow, without significantly enlarged lobes.</p> <p>Male. Dimensions. Apex of vertex to tips of tegmina 3.9–4.5 mm, vertex 1.1–1.5 times longer medially than length next to eye, head 1.1–1.3 times wider than pronotum, vertex 0.7–1.3 times longer than medial length of pronotum, vertex 0.3–0.5 times longer than width of head across eyes.</p> <p>Genital capsule. Segment 10 weakly sclerotized, lateral margins concave (Fig. 1b) or straight (Fig. 3b), incised ⅓ or ½ way into pygofer. Pygofer, viewed laterally, with posterior lobe bluntly triangular or rounded (Figs 1d, 3c, 4b, 7b, 9c); ventral margin usually bulbous, of variable size, sometimes larger than pygofer posterior lobe (Fig. 9c). Medial surface of ventral pygofer lobe with spine-like process of variable length; apex of spine diagnostic in some species:</p> <p>a. Narrowly acuminate (Fig. 4a&amp;b).</p> <p>b. Wide with subapical tooth (Figs 3c, 7b).</p> <p>c. Bipinnate (Fig. 9c).</p> <p>d. Reduced (Fig. 1d).</p> <p>Ventral pygofer lobe sometimes reduced (Fig. 1d). Plate variable: commonly short, about one fifth the length of pygofer, posterior margin truncate, lateral and medial margins rounded or straight (Figs 3c&amp;d, 4a&amp;b, 7b&amp;c, 9b&amp;c); rarely about as long as length of pygofer (Fig. 1d); posterior, medial and lateral margins rounded, sinuous subapically (Fig. 1c); dorsolateral margin with sclerotized process apically, process digitate or rounded, variably extended beyond posterior margin of plate. Macrosetae grouped lateromedially, 4–8 in number. Style apophysis generally short (about 1–2 times as long as greatest basal width), shape variable:</p> <p>a. Expanded, barrel-shaped, posteriorly excavated, with mediolateral margin variably toothed, either with series of 5–6 distinct, uniseriate teeth (Figs 4c, 7d) or serration reduced to rounded protrusion and cluster of 2–4 denticles (Fig. 4d).</p> <p>b. Narrowly produced with medioventral or lateral serration (Figs 1f, 9d).</p> <p>Style basally with lateral lobe short, posteriad; medial lobe narrow, elongate, perpendicular to base. Aedeagus with shaft prominent, tubular, straight in dorsal view, curved or undulating in lateral view, gonopore subapical, dorsal (Figs 1g &amp;h; 4e; 7e&amp;f; 9e); dorsal apodeme reduced. Connective linear, of uniform width, arms fused anteriorly, fused to aedeagus (Fig. 1e).</p> <p>Female. Dimensions. 4.2–5.0 mm from apex of vertex to tips of tegmina, vertex 1.3–1.5 times longer medially than length next to eye, head 1.1 times wider than pronotum, vertex 1.1–1.5 times longer than medial length of pronotum, vertex 0.4–0.6 times longer than width of head across eyes.</p> <p>Genitalia. Abdominal sternite 7 narrow, with three basic shapes:</p> <p>a. Falcate, with posterolateral margin produced uniformly (Fig. 6c–g).</p> <p>b. Falcate, with posterolateral margin folded under lateral margins (Figs 5b–f; 8a–d).</p> <p>c. Trapezoid, posterior margin with medial, narrow V-shaped notch, lateral margins straight, angled slightly posteriad, medial disc membranous, laterally more or less sclerotized (Fig. 2b–e).</p> <p>Valvula 3 without major setae, only fine setae (Figs 2j&amp;l; 6k&amp;l; 8j&amp;k; 10j&amp;k). Valvula 2 finely serrate (Figs 2h&amp;k; 6j; 8g &amp;h; 10g &amp;i). Valvula 1 lanceolate, with imbricate sculpture (Figs 2g &amp;i; 6h&amp;i; 8e&amp;f; 10f&amp;h).</p> <p>Relationships. Tetramelasma is placed in the tribe Deltocephalini based on the linear shaped connective and fusion between the connective and aedeagus, as defined by Webb &amp; Viraktamath (2009) and Zahniser &amp; Dietrich (2010).</p> <p>Other Deltocephalini in South Africa include Theronus Stiller, 2009, Heidinus Theron, 1988 and Maiestas Distant. None of these genera are significantly similar to Tetramelasma, except possibly the simple, tubular aedeagus. The fusion between the aedeagus and connective is distinct in these four genera, with the arms of the connective contiguous. The fusion of the arms of the connective is a distinguishing feature of the Paralimnini, but members of this tribe have the connective articulated with the aedeagus. In some instances this distinction between fusion and articulation becomes vague as pointed out by Webb &amp; Viraktamath (2009).</p> <p>When compared to Palaearctic genera, Tetramelasma has similar colour and markings to that of Conosanus Osborne and Ball (Deltocephalinae, Athysanini) and Turrutus Ribaut (Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini). The excavated apophysis of the style of Ebarrius Ribaut (Deltocephalinae, Paralimnini) bears some resemblance to that of Tetramelasma. In the Neotropical Region the shape of the plate of Tetramelasma somewhat resembles that of Haldorus (Parahaldorus) Linnavuori (Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3291C1C4092405C8DFF73C0F852B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, M.	Stiller, M. (2011): A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zootaxa 2794 (1): 35-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2794.1.2
03E3291C1C4292445C8DFD9EC76E550E.text	03E3291C1C4292445C8DFD9EC76E550E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramelasma litopyx Stiller 2011	<div><p>Tetramelasma litopyx sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 1a–i; 2a–l)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Male pygofer with reduced ventral lobe (Fig. 1d), median process reduced with apex at most with three short points. Pygofer lobe broadly rounded, short, slightly narrower than pygofer (Fig. 1d). Aedeagus always protruding well beyond margin of pygofer lobe (Fig. 1a&amp;d). Plate with posterior margin extending as far as posterior margin of pygofer lobe, lateral subapical margin emarginate, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 1c&amp;d). Sternite 7 of female semicircular, with posterior margin almost straight or curved slightly into shallow notch (Fig. 2b–e).</p> <p>Etymology. Compound word in Greek, litos, simple, pyx, rump, referring to the simple shape of the pygofer. Gender feminine.</p> <p>Colour. Male &amp; female. Pale greyish yellow, with paired markings on apex of vertex. Vertex with large, similar sized, wedge-shaped and circular markings (Fig. 2a); disc with brownish marking. Two pairs of brownish bands on pronotum. Tegmina with pale yellowish veins, apical cells distally lined with fuscous marking. Females submacropterous (Fig. 2a), males macropterous.</p> <p>Male. Hind wing. About ½ as wide as tegmina, ¾ as long, jugal lobe reduced (Fig. 1i); transverse vein in medial cell towards the end of the radial and cubital veins, between R4+5 and median vein unique.</p> <p>Dimensions. (n=65) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 3.0– 3.2 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.6–2.9 mm; median length of vertex 0.4 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; median length of pronotum 0.3 mm; maximum width across head 0.9–1.0 mm; width across pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm; ocellar diameter 28 µm; ocellocular distance 35–45 µm.</p> <p>Genital capsule. Pygofer with reduced ventral bulbous lobe (Fig. 1d), medial margin with spine-like process reduced, apex at most with three minute, sclerotized points. Posterior pygofer lobe broadly rounded, short (Fig. 1d). Plate with posterior margin extending as far as posterior margin of pygofer lobe, lateral subapical margin emarginate, dorsal sclerotized process Y- to L-shaped (Fig. 1c). Aedeagus with shaft tubular, slightly curved dorsad (Fig. 1g &amp;h), gonopore subapical, dorsal; shaft protruding beyond pygofer (Fig. 1d). Style apophysis elongate, medial margin serrate, base wide (about two times wider than width of apex), apex rounded (Fig. 1f).</p> <p>Female. Hind wing. About ½ as wide as tegmina, ¾ as long, jugal lobe reduced (similar to Fig. 2f); transverse vein between R4+5 and median vein absent.</p> <p>Dimensions. (n=39) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 3.0– 3.4 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.1–3.4 mm; median length of vertex 0.5 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; median length of pronotum 0.3–0.4 mm; maximum width across head 1.0– 1.1 mm; width across pronotum 0.9 mm; ocellar diameter 28 µm; ocellocular distance 38–47 µm.</p> <p>Genitalia. Sternite 7 with lateral third prominently sclerotized, medial, V-shaped area not sclerotized. Posterior margin medially with shallow, wide V-shaped notch, margin laterad of notch rounded, lateral distal apex pointed (Fig. 2b–d, Wapadsberg, Fig. 2e, between Molteno and Steynsburg). Valvula 1 lanceolate (Fig. 2g), microsculpture imbricate (Fig. 2i). Valvula 2 finely serrate (Fig. 2h&amp;k). Valvula 3 as in Fig. 2l, fine setae at apex (Fig. 2j).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. Wapadsberg Pass, Cradock, 31.946700S, 24.92035E, 1762 m, 20.iv.2006, M. Stiller, DVac, grazed grassland, common: Merxmuellera disticha, Merxmuellera sp. (SANC). Paratypes. 92♂, 57♀, 12 nymphs. Eastern Cape Province. 1♀, Mountain Zebra National Park, Cradock, 25.75S, 32.41667E, 19.i.1984, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 3♂, 1♀, 2 nymphs, 20 km east of Steynsburg, 31.253550S, 25.9791E, 1646 m, 1.i.2006, sweeping, Merxmuellera; 1♀, Penhoek between aliwal North and Queenstow 31.434800S, 26.689333E, 1854 m, 19.iv.2006, sweeping grazed pasture; 1♀, Penhoek, between Aliwal North and Queenstown, 31.434800S, 26.689333E, 1854 m, 19.iv.2006, sweeping grazed pasture; 1♂, north of Freredell, 31.341100S, 26.700083E, 1741 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, Miscanthus sp. (Poaceae); 10♂, 5♀, 20 km east of Steynsburg, 31.253550S, 25.9791E, 1646 m, 20.iv.2006, DVac, Merxmuellera sp.; 7♂, 8♀, Loodsberg Pass, summit, 31.836183S, 24.858767E, 1791 m, 20.iv.2006, DVac, Themeda triandra, some Merxmuellera sp. and other grass species; 1♂, 1♀, Loodsberg Pass, base, 31.81667S, 24.85E, 1690 m, 20.iv.2006, DVac, Merxmuellera sp.; 26♂, 15♀, Ibid. holotype; 11♂, 16♀, 10 nymphs, between Molteno and Steynsburg, 31.41667S, 26.00E, 1617 m, 20.iv.2006, DVac, Merxmuellera sp. in grazed pasture; 1♂, Jeffrey’s Bay, 34.08333S, 24.91667E, 21.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) dominant; 6♂, 5♀, The Range Farms Kandeboberg, 32.39026S, 23.83688E, 1746 m, 23.i.2011, sweeping grass; 2♂, Loodsberg Pass summit, 31.83598S, 24.86076E, 1807 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, grass and shrubs; 5♂, 1♀, Wapadsberg Pass, below summit towards Graaf Reinet, 31.93379S, 24.87117E, 1597 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, grazed pasture. Northern Cape Province. 4♂, 2♀, Oorlogspoort, 12.5 km east Noupoort, 31.20686S 25.07536E, 1752 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, road margin and grazed pasture; 5♂, 2♀, Oorlogspoort, 9.4 km east Noupoort, 31.201436S 25.044203E, 1786 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; all collected by M. Stiller, except where stated otherwise (SANC, BMNH, INHS).</p> <p>Remarks. The genitalia of Tetramelasma litopyx show little resemblance to that of any of the other described species of this genus. Colouration, shape and size however correspond well with the other species of Tetramelasma. The dark paired markings on the vertex of T. litopyx closely resemble the same pattern in Elginus furcillatus Stiller, 2009b (Paralimnini).</p> <p>In T. litopyx, the male does not have the enlarged ventral pygofer lobe, the broadly rounded posterior pygofer lobe and has the plate more elongate, reaching the as far posteriad as the apex of the posterior pygofer lobe. The other three species of Tetramelasma have enlarged posterior and ventral pygofer lobes and very short plates. The male is distinguished by the elongate plate, short pygofer lobe and the protruding aedeagus (Fig. 1a), that are recognized in situ. Shared features in males are the marking on the vertex, tubular aedeagus and dorsal structure on the plate. The female sternite 7 has a straight posterior margin and is more sclerotized than in other species (Fig. 2b–d). In the other three species the sternite 7 of the female is deeply and widely notched, with pointed lateral apices.</p> <p>The record from Jeffrey’s Bay, that is a coastal locality, is doubtful as the specimen might have remained in the collection vial from the previous collections. Deformities due to parasitism by Strepsiptera and Dryinidae in this species were more common than in the other species of Tetramelasma. Out of 23 dissected males, 5 have a distinct Y-shaped connective but variably fused plate and valve and altered plate shape.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3291C1C4292445C8DFD9EC76E550E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, M.	Stiller, M. (2011): A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zootaxa 2794 (1): 35-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2794.1.2
03E3291C1C4792495C8DFE53C2D95065.text	03E3291C1C4792495C8DFE53C2D95065.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramelasma nodosatha Stiller 2011	<div><p>Tetramelasma nodosatha sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 3a–d; 4a–e; 5a–f; 6a–l)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Spine on medial surface of bulbous male pygofer lobe widened subapically with subapical tooth (Fig. 3c&amp;d) or acuminate (Fig. 4a&amp;b). Style apophysis caudally concave, row of numerous teeth (about 5) of similar size (Fig. 4c) or medial margin with two prominent teeth (Fig. 4d). Plate variable in shape and position relative to pygofer: either sinuous posterior margin and anteriad of ventral lobe (Fig. 3c&amp;d), or truncate posterior margin and close to ventral lobe (Fig. 4a&amp;b).</p> <p>Etymology. Compound word in Greek, nodos, toothless, and sathe, penis, referring to the smooth shape of the aedeagus. Gender feminine.</p> <p>Colour. Male &amp; female. Pale greyish yellow, with paired markings on apex of vertex. Markings generally small, wedge more elongate and longer than diameter of circular marking, marking in specimens from Mauchsberg very small, sometimes reduced. Two pairs of brownish, longitudinal bands on pronotum. Tegmina with pale yellowish veins, apical cells distally lined with fuscous marking (Figs 3a; 5a; 6a&amp;b).</p> <p>Male. Hind wing. Similar to that of T. scolosatha (Fig. 7h&amp;i).</p> <p>Dimensions. (n=115) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–3.4 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.2–3.3 mm; median length of vertex 0.3–0.5 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.2–0.4 mm; median length of pronotum 0.3–0.4 mm; maximum width across head 0.8–1.1 mm; width across pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm; ocellar diameter 23–32 µm; ocellocular distance 31–48 µm.</p> <p>Genital capsule. Pygofer with spine medially on ventral lobe either uniformly acuminate (Fig. 4a&amp;b) or widened apically with abrupt point and subapical tooth (Fig. 3c). Posterior pygofer lobe triangular (Figs 3c, 4b). Plate very short, with posterior margin variable:</p> <p>a. Caudal margin sinuous; dorsal process rounded, protruding prominently; caudal margin anteriad of ventral lobe (Fig. 3c&amp;d).</p> <p>b. Caudal margin truncate, dorsal sclerotization acute, apex attaining margin; caudal margin contiguous with ventral lobe (Fig. 4a&amp;b).</p> <p>Macrosetae on plate, submarginal, lateroposteriad, 2–6, commonly 4. Apex of style sometimes protruding beyond caudal margin op plate. Aedeagus with shaft tubular, in lateral view, apical ½ angled dorsally (Fig. 4e). Style apophysis excavated, viewed posteriorly, with variable denticulation:</p> <p>a. Rarely 5–6 uniformly spaced, triangular teeth on medial margin (Fig. 4c).</p> <p>b. Commonly with distad, single, rounded or triangular, sclerotized protrusion, separated by smooth region from proximad, wide, sclerotized, rounded region bearing 2–4 minute denticles (Fig. 4d).</p> <p>Female. Dimensions. (n=187) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.8–3.1 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.7–3.2 mm; median length of vertex 0.4–0.5 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.3</p> <p>mm; median length of pronotum 0.3 mm; maximum width across head 1.0 mm; width across pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm; ocellar diameter 27–29 µm; ocellocular distance 35–46 µm.</p> <p>Genitalia. Sternite 7 with posterior margin variable (Figs 5d–f, 6c–g). Either with notch appearing narrow and shallow, laterally with wide or narrow process (Fig. 5b&amp;c), but always contiguous with base of sternite (Fig. 6c, Wildfell farm; Fig. 6d, Tugela River, summit of Drakensberg; Fig. 6e, Balloch Peak, near Lundin’s Neck; Fig. 6f, road to Ben Macdhui; Fig. 6g, Dangers Hoek, south-facing valley); or notch appearing wider and deeper, with lateral process short, narrow, arising dorsad of base of sternite 7 (Fig. 5d, Tugela River; Fig. 5e, Dangers Hoek; Fig. 5f, Balloch peak). Valvula 1 lanceolate (Fig. 6h), sculpture imbricate (Fig. 6i). Valvula 2 serration fine, as in Fig. 6j. Valvula 3 as in Fig. 6k; setation as in Fig. 6l.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. Dangers Hoek, south-facing valley, 30.651389S, 27.848333E, 2700 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping grass, M. Stiller (SANC). Paratypes. 168♂, 266♀, 12 nymphs. Lesotho. 1♂, 2♀, Mamohau, 29.14286S, 28.48093E, 25.iii1991, H. Geertsema; 16♂, 18♀, Sehlabathebe Nature Reserve, 29.88333S, 29.06667E, 1.iv.1994, sweeping grass; 1♂, 1♀, Drakensberg escarpment north west of Sentinel Peak 28.771624S, 28.830006E, 3109 m, 6.iv.2007, sweeping clumps of Merxmuellera sp. in water course; 6♂, 11♀, Eland’s River valley on summit of Drakensberg, 28.757594S, 28.816039E, 3040 m, 7.iv.2007, sweeping grass and forbs; 8♂, 17♀, long river valley near summit of Drakensberg escarpment, 28.726122S, 28.798358E, 1941 m, 7.iv.2007, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, 2♀, Sani Pass Hotel vicinity, 29.58333S, 29.28333E, 2860 m, 20.iv.2002, M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach, DVac heavily grazed grass, forbs &amp; sedges, two specimens on Eumorphia sericea (Asteraceae), but probably on grass growing inside this shrub. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. 6♀, Mountain Zebra National Park, 25.75S, 32.41667E, 19.i.1984, J.G. Theron; 11♂, 13♀, 1 nymph, road to Ben Macdhui, 30.680717S, 27.957633E, 2540 m, 23.iv.2000, sweeping grass; 1♂, summit of Naude’s Neck Pass, 30.732S, 28.137147E, 2490 m, 25.iv.2000, sweeping grass; 10♂, 10♀, 3 nymphs, Balloch Peak, near Lundin’s Neck, 30.6667S, 27.70E, 2580 m, 28.iii.2005, sweeping grass; 8♂, 20♀, catchment above Telle Falls, 30.65S, 27.8333E, 2440 m, 29.iii.2005, Merxmuellera sp.; 19♂, 40♀, 1 nymph, Ibid. holotype; 3♂, 6♀, 3nymphs, Wildfell farm, 30.6667S, 27.80E, 2180 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping grazed grass; 5♂, 12♀, Ben Macdhui Mountain, 30.668889S, 27.893333E, 2700 m, 31.iii.2005, sweeping short grass; 2♂, Halseton Krans farm, 30.70S, 27.78333E, 2200 m, 1.iv.2005, sweeping grazed pasture; 2♂, 5♀, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32.411950S, 26.6233E, 1750 m, 19.iv.2006, sweeping Festuca sp.; 17♂, 26♀, Penhoek, between Aliwal North and Queenstown, 31.434800S, 26.689333E, 1854 m, 19.iv.2006, sweeping grazed pasture; 1♂, Hougham, Port Elizabeth, 33.758317S, 25.694783E, 45 m, 21.iv.2006, sweeping dry grass near road construction site; 1♂, 2♀, between Rhodes and Naude’s Neck, 30.731717S, 28.112783E, 2390 m, 27.iv.2006, sweeping Merxmuellera sp., regrowth after fire; 3♂, 3♀, between Elliot and Rhodes, 31.101383S, 27.861550E, 1884 m, 27.iv.2006; 3♂, 4♀, Naude’s Neck, near Rhodes, 30.767583S, 28.104417E, 2593 m, 27.iv.2006, sweeping short grazed grass and forbs. 3♂, 1♀, Swaershoek pass near Pearston junction, 32.41474S, 25.44396E, 1144 m, 26.i.2011, DVac, road side grassland, Merxmuellera sp. dominant; 4♂, 4♀, Swaershoek pass near summit, 32.29132S, 25.51171E, 1599 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, grazed pasture, Merxmuellera sp. dominant. Free State Province. 1♂, Platberg mountain, near Harrismith, eastern side, near masts, 28.265117S, 29.208661E, 2362 m, 11.i.2007, sweeping moribund grassland, Themeda triandra and Tristachya leucothrix (Poaceae) common; 2♀, Platberg mountain, near Harrismith, western side, 28.173433S, 29.203775E, 2319 m, 11.i.2007, sweeping moribund grassland, Themeda triandra and Tristachya leucothrix common. KwaZulu-Natal Province. 1♂, Bushman’s Neck Nature Reserve, 29.88333S, 29.03333E, 4.vi.1994, sweeping grass; 3♀, Rockeries Pass, Central Drakensberg, 28.91667S, 29.06667E, 11.iii.1995; 1♀, road to Meander Hut, wetland, 29.266667S, 29.55E, 2066 m, 18.iv.2002, M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach, DVac Eleocharis dregeana, Scirpus ficinioides (Cyperaceae); 1♂, 2♀, road to Meander Hut, wetland, 29.266667S, 29.55E, 2066 m, 18.iv.2002, M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach, DVac Carex sp. (Cyperaceae) in wetland; 1♀, road to Meander Hut, wetland, 29.266667S, 29.55E, 2066 m, 20.iv.2002, M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach, DVac wetland, Arundinella nepalensis (Poaceae) common; 3♂, 6♀, between iThonyelana and Rockeries Passes, Central Drakensberg, 28.91667S, 29.06667E, 3000 m, 15.xii.1991, sweeping grass; 4♀, Orange River catchment, 28.894556S, 29.018958E, 2880 m, 16.iv.2005, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♀, Garden Castle, site 10, 29.74617S, 29.20408E, 1852 m, 2.xi.2005, sweeping, MDTP survey; 1♂, 1♀, Sentinel Hiking Trail, below summit, 28.747719S, 28.880033E, 5.i.2007, sweeping grass and forbs; 16♂, 28♀, 4 nymphs, Tugela River, summit of Drakensberg, 28.751567S, 28.89485E, 2980 m, 5.i.2007, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, Ntinginono Eco Center, Vryheid Hill Nature Reserve, 27.473861S, 30.756333E, 1259 m, 31.i.2007, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, Sani Pass, 29.603389S, 29.291278E, 3000 m, ix.2007, B.J. van Rensburg &amp; M.P. Robertson, pitfall trap in Alti Mountain Grassland; 2♂, 6♀, Loteni Nature Reserve, on escarpment, 29.42456S, 29.43566E, 2920 m, 1.iv.2010, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, 1♀, Loteni Nature Reserve, contour path below Redi Peak, 29.44144S, 29.43665E, 2330 m, 3.iv.2010, sweeping grass along contour path; 1♀, Loteni Nature Reserve, tarns below Redi Peak, 29.42867S, 29.45620E, 2350 m, 3.iv.2010, sweeping dryland grass and forbs. Mpumalanga Province. 16♂, 9♀, Mauchsberg Pass, near summit, 25.135000S, 30.600833E, 2150 m, 06.iii.2003, DVac moribund grass; 1♂, 1♀, valley opposite Longtom Pass summit, 25.118967S, 30.62325E, 2101 m, 13.xi.2005, sweeping moribund grass, including Festuca sp. (Poaceae); all collected by M. Stiller, except where stated otherwise (SANC, BMNH, INHS).</p> <p>Remarks. This species includes two variations in male and female genitalia. No differences in external morphology and dimensions in males and females are recognized. The variation in genitalia is as follows:</p> <p>The hollowed style apophysis in male genitalia is as follows:</p> <p>a. Numerous teeth (about 5) on the medial margin (Fig. 4c).</p> <p>b. Two teeth on the medial margin (Fig. 4d).</p> <p>The spine medially on the ventral pygofer lobe is as follows:</p> <p>a. Apex with subapical tooth (Fig. 3c).</p> <p>b. Apex acuminate (Fig. 4a&amp;b).</p> <p>The medial pygofer spine is consistently acuminate, but the serration of the style apophysis is more difficult to interpret and the state with two teeth tends more often to have additional smaller teeth on the proximal ridge. The distal tooth is triangular. The gap between these two teeth is smooth. Both of these states were often present in the males from the same series from a specific locality.</p> <p>Females depict more subtle differences as follows:</p> <p>a. Sternite transverse width relatively long, medial length short, with V-shaped notch; lateral processes arising dorsally from the sternite, relatively narrow and short (Fig. 5b–f). In ventral view with lateral margins appearing folded under sternite.</p> <p>b. Sternite transverse width relatively short, medial length long, with shallow or rounded V-shaped notch; lateral process arising from same plane as the base of the sternite, relatively wide, short (Fig. 6c–g). In ventral view with lateral margins contiguous with sternite.</p> <p>The latter form is clearer in some undissected specimens where the lateral pleurite does not obscure this process. Further variation in the shape of the lateral process was noticed, such as width and bifurcation, and its loss due to breakage (Fig. 6c&amp;g).</p> <p>These variations in males and females are regarded as interspecific differences. For instance males with two teeth on the style apophysis and the acuminate pygofer process were found in 66 specimens. Specimens with five teeth on the style apophysis and the pygofer process with a subapical tooth were found in 20 dissections. Specimens from three localities depicted one or the other form. Mauchsberg specimens had the female sternite 7 with contiguous lateral margins and the male style with five teeth. Sehlabathebe and Wildfell specimens had the contiguous female sternite 7 lateral margins and male style with two teeth. Both forms were found at Balloch Peak, Ben Macdhui, Dangers Hoek, Eland’s River, Naude’s Neck, Rockeries and the Tugela River. Coincidentally, specimens from Ben Macdhui collected in the year 2000 have the style with two protrusions and those collected in 2005 with five teeth. Specimens from the Drakensberg of Mpumalanga Province (Mauchsberg), is probably an isolated population with the majority of localities on the Drakensberg in KwaZulu-Natal Province and possibly further west into the mountainous regions of the Eastern Cape Province.</p> <p>Three males out of 89 dissections of T. nodosatha depicted the Y-shaped arms of the connective, probably as a result of parasitism by Strepsiptera or Dryinidae. One of these specimens has the style without any teeth and the median pygofer spine shorter and right-angled medially. The other two have two teeth on the style and an acuminate spine of the pygofer. Only one specimen has a small strepsipteran larva still present in the genital capsule. The abdomen of a fourth specimen contains a number of eggs and vestigial valvulae, but also displays male features such as plates, although somewhat deformed, reduced pygofer ventral and posterior lobes, and without an aedeagus, style and connective.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3291C1C4792495C8DFE53C2D95065	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, M.	Stiller, M. (2011): A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zootaxa 2794 (1): 35-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2794.1.2
03E3291C1C4A924C5C8DFB80C1CA5493.text	03E3291C1C4A924C5C8DFB80C1CA5493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramelasma scolosatha Stiller 2011	<div><p>Tetramelasma scolosatha sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 7a–i; 8a–k)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Male pygofer with spine on medial surface of ventral bulbous lobe with small, posterior, subapical tooth, apex acuminate (Fig. 7b). Aedeagal shaft with single, dorsal, flattened, subbasal tooth (Fig. 7e&amp;f). Style apophysis barrel-shaped, concave, row of uniformly spaced and sized teeth medially (Fig. 7d). Plate very short (Fig. 7b).</p> <p>Etymology. Compound word in Greek, skolos, thorn, sathe, penis, for the prominent, dorsal, single tooth on the aedeagus. Gender feminine.</p> <p>Colour. Male &amp; female. Pale greyish yellow, with paired markings on apex of vertex. Apical pair generally wedge shaped and smaller than circular, basal pair. Vertex disc with brownish marking. Two pairs of brownish bands on pronotum. Tegmina with pale yellowish veins, apical cells distally lined with fuscous marking (Fig. 7a).</p> <p>Male. Tegmina &amp; hind wing. Tegmina as in Fig. 7g; hind wing ½ as wide as tegmina, ¾ as long, jugal lobe reduced (Fig. 7h&amp;i depicting vein variation).</p> <p>Dimensions. (n=24) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.8–3.0 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.5–2.8 mm; median length of vertex 0.4 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.2–0.3 mm; median length of pronotum 0.3 mm; maximum width across head 0.9–1.0 mm; width across pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm; ocellar diameter 26–29 µm; ocellocular distance 34–44 µm.</p> <p>Genital capsule. Pygofer with spine on medial surface of prominent, bulbous ventral pygofer lobe (Fig. 7b), spine widening towards apex, small, posterior, subapical tooth, apex pointed. Pygofer posterior lobe roughly triangular, ventral margin convex, dorsal margin slightly concave (Fig. 7b). Plate with posterior margin not attaining anterior margin of ventral pygofer lobe (Fig. 7c); posterior medial margin truncate, posterior lateral margin rounded, protruding slightly, dorsal process rounded. Aedeagal shaft with single, dorsal, flattened, subbasal tooth (Fig. 7e&amp;f). Style apophysis barrel-shaped, concave, row of uniformly spaced, sized teeth medially (Fig. 7d).</p> <p>Female. Dimensions. (n=12) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.9–3.3 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.9–3.2 mm; median length of vertex 0.4–0.5 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; median length of pronotum 0.3 mm; maximum width across head 1.0 mm; width across pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm; ocellar diameter 28 µm; ocellocular distance 34–45 µm.</p> <p>Genitalia. Sternite 7 medially with wide, V-shaped notch; lateral process elongate, acuminate (Figs 8a, b&amp;d, Wapadsberg, wide lateral apices; Fig. 8c, Loodsberg, narrow lateral apices), rarely bipinnate. Valvula 1 lanceolate (Fig. 8e), imbricate sculpture (Fig. 8f). Valvula 2 with fine serration (Fig. 8g &amp;h), valvifer 2 as in Fig. 8i. Valvula 3 with fine setae (Fig. 8j&amp;k).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. Loodsberg Pass summit, 31.8333S, 24.85E, 1791 m, 20.iv.2006, M. Stiller, sweeping grazed pasture, common grasses: Merxmuellera disticha, Themeda triandra (SANC). Paratypes. 60♂, 25♀, 9 nymphs. Eastern Cape Province. 8♂, 5♀, 9 nymphs, Wapadsberg Pass, between Graaff-Reinet and Cradock, 31.928333S, 24.906667E, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping grass; 23♂, 5♀, Ibid. holotype; 1♂, Loodsberg Pass summit, 31.83598S, 24.86076E, 1807 m. 27.i.2011, DVac, grass and shrubs; 6♂, 4♀, Rooihoogte near Wapadsberg Pass, 31.93096S, 24.95766E, 15 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, Merxmuellera sp. dominant grass; 19♂, 10♀, Rooihoogte between Wapadsberg Pass and Loodberg Pass, 31.79732S, 24.9254E, 1517 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, Merxmuellera sp. dominant grass; 3, ♂ 1♀, Wapadsberg Pass, below summit towards Grafft Reinent, 31.93379S, 24.87117E, 1597 m, 27.i.2011, DVac, grazed pasture, Merxmuellera sp. dominant grass; all collected by M. Stiller (SANC, BMNH, INHS).</p> <p>Remarks. Tetramelasma scolosatha and T. nodosatha are similar. Both have a similar denticulation of the dorsal apophysis of the style (Figs 4c; 7d), shape of the spine on the ventral pygofer lobe (Figs 3d, 7b) and shape of the plate (Figs 3c&amp;d; 7b&amp;c). However the dorsal tooth on the aedeagal shaft is the distinguishing feature in T. scolosatha (Fig. 7e&amp;f). The shape of the sternite 7 of the female of T. scolosatha (Fig. 8a–d) bears some resemblance with that of T. nodosatha (Figs 5a–f; 6c–g) but is considered sufficiently different to further justify the separate status of the species. In T. scolosatha the lateral processes are narrowly triangular and continuous with the basal anterior and posterior margins. In T. nodosatha the lateral processes are more variable, and arise dorsally from the basal anterior and posterior margins of the sternite (Fig. 5c–f) or are much wider and continuous with the basal anterior and posterior margins (Fig. 6c–g).</p> <p>This species probably has a wider distribution as its associated vegetation type (Karoo Escarpment Grassland, defined by Mucina &amp; Rutherford (2006)) has a wider distribution, to the east but also in isolated mountainous habitats as far west as Beaufort West. The presently known distributions of T. scolosatha and T. nodosatha do not overlap, which further facilitates species recognition. No dissected (8♂, 5♀ dissected) or examined specimen of T. scolosatha showed obvious signs of parasitism.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3291C1C4A924C5C8DFB80C1CA5493	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, M.	Stiller, M. (2011): A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zootaxa 2794 (1): 35-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2794.1.2
03E3291C1C4F92525C8DFEA9C3AC57DC.text	03E3291C1C4F92525C8DFEA9C3AC57DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramelasma tanyphysis Stiller 2011	<div><p>Tetramelasma tanyphysis sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 9a–g; 10a–k)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dimensions generally larger (3.5–4.2 mm) than that of other species of Tetramelasma. Spine on medial surface of ventral pygofer lobe with apex bipinnate, almost symmetrical (Fig. 9c). Style apophysis elongate, with ventral, median ridge and basal tooth; apex projecting beyond posterior margin of plate (Fig. 9d). Aedeagal shaft in ventral or dorsal view constricted medially, apical ½ about two times wider than narrowed median section (Fig. 9b). Plate with posterior margin not attaining anterior margin of ventral lobe of pygofer (Fig. 9b). Female sternite 7 generally with short or reduced lateral processes (Fig. 10b–e).</p> <p>Etymology. Compound word in Greek, tany, long, apophysis, projection, referring to the elongate shape the posterior apodeme of the style. Gender feminine.</p> <p>Colour. Male &amp; female. Pale grayish yellow. Vertex with paired markings on apex of vertex, generally with small wedge and elliptical marking. Darker specimens with disc with brown marking and all cells of tegmina with fuscous lining. Two pairs of brownish bands on pronotum. Tegmina with pale yellowish veins, apical cells distally lined with fuscous marking. Tegmina usually extending beyond abdomen, male with tegmina much longer, female slightly longer (Figs 9a; 10a). The exception is in specimens from Tugela where females have the tegmina extending as far as the abdomen.</p> <p>Male. Tegmina &amp; hind wing. Tegmina as in Fig. 9f; hind wing ½ as wide as tegmina, ¾ as long; jugal lobe reduced (Fig. 9g).</p> <p>Dimensions. (n=64) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 3.5–3.9 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; median length of vertex 0.4 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; median length of pronotum 0.4 mm; maximum width across head 1.1 mm; width across pronotum 0.9–1.0 mm; ocellar diameter 28 µm; ocellocular distance 39–48 µm.</p> <p>Genital capsule. Pygofer with ventral pygofer lobe slightly larger than posterior pygofer lobe; medial spine of ventral pygofer lobe with apex bipinnate, base narrower than apex, apex almost symmetrical (Fig. 9c). Posterior pygofer lobe rounded (Fig. 9c). Plate with posterior margin truncate, dorsal process digitate, base protruding slightly beyond posterior lateral margin (Fig. 9b). Aedeagal shaft in lateral view narrowed subbasally, apex gradually angled dorsally (Fig. 9e); in dorsal or ventral view, constricted medially (Fig. 9b). Style apophysis elongate, narrowly triangular, ventral medial ridge with basal tooth (Fig. 9d).</p> <p>Female. Dimensions. (n=53) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 3.5–4.2 mm; length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.3–3.8 mm; median length of vertex 0.5 mm; length of vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; median length of pronotum 0.4 mm; maximum width across head 1.1–1.2 mm; width across pronotum 0.9–1.1 mm; ocellar diameter 28 µm; ocellocular distance 40–53 µm.</p> <p>Genitalia. Sternite 7 with shallow V-shaped notch, flanked by rounded, short lobes (Fig. 10b, in situ; Fig. 10c, Wildfell farm; Fig. 10d, Naude’s Neck, lateral apices reduced; Fig. 10e, Ben Macdhui), or lobes sometimes reduced (Fig. 10d). Valvula 1 lanceolate (Fig. 10f), imbricate sculpture (Fig. 10h). Valvula 2 with fine serration (Fig. 10g &amp;i). Valvula 3 with fine setae (Fig. 10j&amp;k).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. Naude’s Neck, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.104418&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.767584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.104418/lat -30.767584)">Rhodes</a>, 30.767583S, 28.104417E, 2593 m, 27.iv.2006, M. tiller, DVac short grazed grass and forbs, also Merxmuellera sp. regrowth after fire (SANC). Paratypes. 60♂, 46♀, 8 nymphs. Lesotho. 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.480925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.142857" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.480925/lat -29.142857)">Mamohau</a>, 29.142856S, 28.480925E, 2210 m, 2.x.1991, H. Geertsema; South Africa. Eastern Cape Province. 1♂, 3♀, road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.957632&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.680717" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.957632/lat -30.680717)">Ben Macdhui</a>, 30.680717S, 27.957633E, 2540 m, 23.iv.2000, M. Stiller, Merxmuellera drakensbergensis; 3♂, 5♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.137148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.732" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.137148/lat -30.732)">Naude’s Neck</a> summit, 30.732S, 28.137147E, 2490 m, 25.iv.2000, Merxmuellera sp.; 13♂, 6♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.83333/lat -30.65)">Telle Falls</a> catchment, 30.65S, 27.83333E, 2440 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping Merxmuellera sp.; 6♂, 9♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.6667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.8/lat -30.6667)">Wildfell Farm</a>, 30.6667S, 27.80E, 2180 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping grazed grass; 13♂, 8♀, Ibid. holotype; 12♂, 9♀, 8 nymphs, between Barkly East and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.96667/lat -31.2)">Elliot</a>, 31.20S, 27.96667E, 1962 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac road reserve and grazed pasture, also Merxmuellera sp. present.</p> <p>KwaZulu-Natal Province. 3♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.018957&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.894556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.018957/lat -28.894556)">Orange River</a> catchment, 28.894556S, 29.018958E, 2880 m, 16.iv.2006, sweeping grass and forbs; 12♂, 2♀, Tugela River, summit of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.89485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.751568" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.89485/lat -28.751568)">Drakensberg</a>, 28.751567S, 28.89485E, 2980 m, 5.i.2007, sweeping grass and forbs; all collected by M. Stiller, except where stated otherwise (SANC, BMNH, INHS).</p> <p>Remarks. This species is recognized by the elongate apophysis of the style, that projects beyond the posterior margin of the plate (Fig. 9b). In undissected specimens it could be confused with the lateral process of the plate of T. nodosatha (Fig. 3c). Other distinguishing features are the medial process of the ventral lobe of the male pygofer that is almost symmetrically bifurcate (Fig. 9c). It would appear that this species occurs at high altitudes, and is probably also common in Lesotho. Merxmuellera species are probably a host, with some habitats in the KwaZulu- Natal Province suggesting other hosts. No examined specimen of T. tanyphysis (17♂, 15♀ dissected) was parasitized.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3291C1C4F92525C8DFEA9C3AC57DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, M.	Stiller, M. (2011): A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zootaxa 2794 (1): 35-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2794.1.2
