identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E0879B8460752FFE6AFE12FE64FB58.text	03E0879B8460752FFE6AFE12FE64FB58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalella ceciliae Penoni and Bueno 2025	<div><p>Hyalella ceciliae Penoni and Bueno sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 3–6)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype male (Figure 3 (A)), body length = 6.44 mm, head length = 0.53 mm, preserved in permanent slides (with Canada Balsam as the medium), Santana Cave, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.7017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.5308" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.7017/lat -24.5308)">Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira</a>, Iporanga municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil (24.5308°S, 48.7017°W), MNRJcarcino 31349 November 2017, M.E. Bichuette, coll; allotype female (Figure 3 (B)), body length = 5.06 mm, head length = 0.5 mm, MNRJcarcino 31350 February 2022, M.E. Bichuette, L.R. Penoni, T. Zepon, colls.; paratype, one male on slide CCUFLA 457 and one female on slide CCUFLA 458 (same collection data as allotype).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet ceciliae is in honour of Cecília Torres (in memoriam), a Brazilian speleologist who dedicated her life to the study of caves and their fauna, mainly in the Ribeira Valley, a pioneer in these studies. Cecília was part of many expeditions on which several species were discovered.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Maxilla 1 palp longer than wide, shorter than half the distance between the base of the palp and the base of setae on outer plate; outer plate with 8 serrate setae. Maxilliped heavily setose on the inner margin of palp and of outer ramus. Gnathopod 1 of male and female identical, propodus 1.3× longer than wide, hammer shaped, inner face with a row of 7 papposerrate setae, with comb scales on the merus. Gnathopod 2 propodus ovate, palm subequal to posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique. Uropod 1 of the male without a curved seta on inner ramus. Uropod 3 longer than the telson, peduncle wider and shorter than the ramus. Telson almost square, no observed setae apically, 2 small plumose setae on each side, placed symmetrically. Coxal gills on segments 2–6. Sternal gills on segments 2–7.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male. Mean body length 5.87 ± 0.81 mm (N = 2) (5.29–6.44 mm); mean head length 0.48 ± 0.07 mm (N = 2) (0.43–0.53 mm). Body surface smooth. Epimeral plates 2 and 3 accuminated (Figure 4 (J)). Coxae 1–3 similar, subequal in size, with some scattered microtrichs; coxa 4 as wide as long, excavated posteriorly. Eyes absent.</p><p>Epimeron (Figure 4 (J)) 2 and 3 postero-distal margin acute; first and third epimeron shorter than the second one.</p><p>Antenna 1 (Figure 4 (A)) almost half the body length (0.4×), 0.8× shorter than antenna 2, 2.3× longer than the peduncle of antenna 2 and 1.2× longer than the flagellum of antenna 2. Peduncle articles 1–3 relative lengths 1:0.82:0.76; flagellum with 13 articles; aesthetascs occurring distally on flagellum after article 6.</p><p>Antenna 2 (Figure 4 (B)) 1.1× longer than half the body length; peduncle slender, double the length of the head; flagellum with 17 articles, 1.9× longer than the peduncle.</p><p>Mandible without palp; incisor toothed; left (Figure 4 (C)) lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth, setae row with 4 pappose setae and a few setules, no observed accessory seta on the molar process; right mandible (Figure 4 (D)) with 4 pappose setae and some setules; molar process cylindrical with an accessory seta.</p><p>Upper lip (Figure 4 (E)) margin rounded; distal border covered by setules. Lower lip (Figure 4 (F)) outer lobes rounded, distally notched, covered by setules apically.</p><p>Maxilla 1 (Figure 4 (G)) inner plate slender, with 2 apical pappose setae and lateral setules. Outer plate with 8 serrate setae, and a few setules on the inner margin, apically. Palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, reaching less than half the distance between base of the palp and base of the setae on the outer plate, with no apparent seta distally, only some short setules on the outer margin.</p><p>Maxilla 2 (Figure 4 (H)) inner plate shorter than outer plate, inner plate with 2 strong pappose setae distally and some simple setae disto-apically, and setules laterally; outer plate with longer simple setae and some papposerrate setae, disto-apically, and setules laterally.</p><p>Maxilliped (Figure 4 (I)) without comb scales; inner plate with 3 cuspidate distal setae apically, a few pappose setae disto-apically, 3 simple setae on the ventral margin, setules on the distal-outer margin and 2 simple setae on the outer margin; outer plate with several long simple setae on the inner margin and 2 smaller simple setae on the outer margin; palp longer than inner and outer plates, with 4 articles; article 1 inner margin with up to 4 long simple setae and outer margin with 1 simple seta; article 2 inner margin with several long simple setae and outer margin with 2 simple setae; article 3 inner margin with simple and papposerrate setae, and outer and distal margins with long simple setae; article 4 (dactylus) unguiform with distal nail present, with up to 6 simple setae, shorter than nail.</p><p>Gnathopod 1 (Figure 5 (A)) subchelate, identical on the male and the female; coxal plate 1.7× wider than long, with simple setae on the margin and a microtrich on the internal margin; basis with 5 posterior and disto-posterior simple setae, with or without accessory seta; ischium with 1 apical simple seta; merus with serrate, papposerrate and simple seta on distal margin, and a slender row of comb scales distally; carpus longer than wide, with pappose setae on the lateral distal lobe, up to 5 pappose setae on inner margin and some simple or serrate setae distally; propodus 1.3× longer than wide, hammer shaped, 2 long simple setae with accessory seta on disto-posterior margin, some long and short simple setae on disto-anterior margin with no comb scale present; palm slope transverse, with up to 10 long simple setae and 5 short simple setae; up to 6 pappose setae on inner face; dactylus claw-like, with a plumose seta distally.</p><p>Gnathopod 2 (Figure 5 (B)) subchelate, without comb scales or polygonal pattern; coxal plate 1.6× wider than long, with simple setae on the margin and some scattered microtrichs on the inner margin; basis with 5 long simple setae with accessory seta on posterior margin, 1 short simple seta on anterior margin, and up to 2 simple setae disto-posteriorly; ischium with 2 simple setae disto-posteriorly; merus with up to 6 serrate setae on distal margin; carpus lobe slim, produced between merus and propodus, posterior margin with pappose setae, inner margin with 2 small pappose setae and disto-anterior margin with 2 long serrate setae; propodus ovate, palm and posterior margin subequal in length, slope oblique, posterior margin with 2 simple setae, palm with a slight posterior excavation, some short cuspidate setae with accessory setae and some simple setae, anterior margin with a few simple setae; dactylus claw-like, congruent with palm and with 1 plumose seta distally.</p><p>Pereopods 3–7 (Figure 5 (C–G)) simple. Coxae with simple setae distally and microtrichs on inner face; coxa 3 similar to 1 and 2; coxa 4 as long as wide, excavated posteriorly; coxa 5 posterior lobe longer than anterior lobe; coxa 6 anterior lobe reduced; coxa 7 reduced. Pereopods 3 and 4 subequal in size, with 2 to 3 groups of 1 or 2 setae on the posterior margins of their basis, merus, carpus and propodus, with a plumose seta on the dactylus. Pereopod 5 1.1× longer than P3 and P4, with groups of 1 to 2 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the anterior margins of the basis, merus, carpus and propodus. Pereopod 6 1.3× longer than P5 and 0.9× the length of P7. Pereopods 6 and 7 with groups of 1 to 3 simple and/or cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the anterior margins of their basis, merus, carpus and propodus, with a plumose seta on the dactylus.</p><p>Pleopods (Figure 6 (A)) peduncle 0.7× the length of the rami, no coupling spines observed, both rami with several long plumose setae.</p><p>Uropod 1 (Figure 6 (B)) peduncle 1.1× longer than inner ramus and 1.2× longer than the outer ramus, with 5 cuspidate setae with accessory seta and 2 short simple setae; inner ramus subequal in size to outer ramus, slightly longer, with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 5 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2 medium length, 1 shorter) apically, without curved seta; outer ramus with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 4 cuspidate setae (1 longer, 3 shorter) apically.</p><p>Uropod 2 (Figure 6 (C)) 0.6× the total length of uropod 1, peduncle 0.7× the length of inner ramus, subequal to outer ramus, with 4 cuspidate setae with accessory seta and 1 short simple seta; inner ramus 1.3× longer than outer ramus, with 2 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 5 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 1 shorter) apically; outer ramus with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 4 cuspidate setae (3 longer, 1 shorter) apically.</p><p>Uropod 3 (Figure 6 (D)) half the length of the peduncle of uropod 1 and subequal to the peduncle of uropod 2, 1.2× longer than the telson; peduncle with 2 cuspidate setae on outer distal margin; inner ramus absent; outer ramus subtriangular, longer than peduncle, with 3 cuspidate setae apically, 1 shorter.</p><p>Telson (Figure 6 (E)) entire, as long as wide, apically rounded and with no apparent setae; 2 small plumose setae on each side, symmetrically placed.</p><p>Coxal gills sac-like on pereonites 2–6. Sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2–7.</p><p>Female. (Figure 6 (F–G)) Mean body length 5.54 ± 0.67 mm (N = 2) (5.06–6.01 mm); mean head length 0.49 ± 0.01 mm (N = 2) (0.49–0.5 mm). Gnathopod 1 identical to that of male. Gnathopod 2 (Figure 6 (F)) similar in size and shape to Gnathopod 1; merus with 6 long papposerrate setae; carpus with 2 pappose seta on the inner face; propodus elongated, with several long simple setae on the inner face and short simple setae on the palm; palm transverse; dactylus claw-like with a distal plumose seta. Telson (Figure 6 (G)) similar to the male, but with an observed cuspidate seta apically, and 3 small plumose setae laterally on each side, symmetrically placed.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Freshwater, hypogean, troglobite, stygobite. A very few specimens (3–5 individuals) of Hyalella ceciliae sp. n. were found swimming freely or burying themselves on the sandy bottom of the lentic pools of Santana Cave, and were found always in the same locale, close to the touristic passage (Figure 2). pH values varied from 7.4 to 8.1 and temperature from 18.8°C (winter season) to 20.2°C (summer season).</p><p>Conservation</p><p>We herein propose Hyalella ceciliae sp. n. as endangered (EN) based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) subcategories B1 (&lt;5.000 km 2 in area of occurrence extension) and D1 (&lt;250 mature individuals) (ICMBIO, 2013).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Hyalella ceciliae sp. n. is hypogean, with two important specialisations for subterranean life: the absence of eyes and loss of pigmentation (see Figure 7, live specimen in the natural habitat). These features can be used to differentiate it from most of the known Hyalella species. It is similar, however, to other cave species from Brazil that are also blind and unpigmented, namely: H. caeca, H. epikarstica Rodrigues, Bueno and Ferreira, 2014 and H. formosa Cardoso and Araujo, 2014 (Cardoso et al. 2014). Table 1 presents morphological characteristics of the subterranean and troglomorphic Hyalella species that occur in Brazil. There are also H. veredae Cardoso and Bueno, 2014 (Araújo et al. 2014) and H. speleae Bueno and Cardoso, 2011 (Cardoso et al. 2011), but the eyes can be present, reduced or absent in these populations; and the hypothelimnorheic Hyalella imbya Rodrigues and Bueno in Rodrigues et al. (2012) Hyalella ceciliae sp. n. can be set apart from H. formosa and H. epikarstica because the new species has antenna 1 longer than antenna 2, while for the other two species it is the opposite. There are several differences between Hyalella ceciliae sp. n. and H. caeca, which will be detailed later in this paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0879B8460752FFE6AFE12FE64FB58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penoni, Ludmila Rocha;Bichuette, Maria Elina;Borges, Rayssa Karolina Ferreira;Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua	Penoni, Ludmila Rocha, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Borges, Rayssa Karolina Ferreira, Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua (2025): New species of Hyalella Smith (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae): a contribution to the knowledge of a widely distributed genus in the Upper Ribeira karst, with redescription of the rare and endangered Hyalella caeca Pereira. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 195-226, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2448565, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2448565
03E0879B84697537FE67FB2FFD0FF95B.text	03E0879B84697537FE67FB2FFD0FF95B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalella roncador Penoni and Bueno 2025	<div><p>Hyalella roncador Penoni and Bueno sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 8–11)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype male (Figure 8 (A)), body length = 8.81 mm, head length = 0.78 mm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.7017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.5308" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.7017/lat -24.5308)">Rio Roncador River</a>, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Iporanga municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil (24.5308°S, 48.7017°W), MNRJcarcino 31351, February 2022, M.E. Bichuette, L.R. Penoni, T. Zepon colls.; allotype female (Figure 7 (B)), body length = 8.71 mm, head length = 0.73 mm, MNRJcarcino 31352 paratype 20+ whole individuals CCUFLA 461, one male on slide CCUFLA 459 and one female on slide CCUFLA 460 (same collection data as holotype).</p><p>h: hypothelminorheic; *: new species, under description; ª: superficial, but with ‘ troglomorphies’; Y/N/R: yes/no/reduced; bold: similar to Hyalella ceciliae sp. n.; italic: similar to H. caeca Pereira, 1989; A1/2: antenna 1/2; M1: maxilla 1; OP: outer plate; G1/2: gnathopod 1/2; CS: comb scales; PP: polygonal pattern; U1: uropod 1; BL: body length; DPC: disto-posterior corner.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species epithet roncador is a reference to the Roncador system, an important river of the Upper Ribeira karst area; its waters are mainly subterranean and form the Pérolas-Santana cave system.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Maxilla 1 outer plate with 9 serrate setae. Gnathopod 1 of male and female identical, propodus 1.4× longer than wide, hammer shaped, coxa with 5 serrate setae on the posterior inner face, propodus with up to 9 pairs of simple setae on the posterior margin and with polygonal pattern on the disto-posterior margin. Gnathopod 2, coxa with 2 simple setae on the posterior inner face, propodus ovate, posterior margin with 5 groups of 1 to 3 simple setae and with a slender posterior excavation on the palm. Uropod 1 of the male without a curved seta on inner ramus. Uropod 3 ramus rectangular, with an excavation and up to 3 cuspidate setae midway to the apex. Telson longer than wide, apically rounded, and with 2 short cuspidate setae. Coxal gills on segments 2–6. Sternal gills on segments 2–7.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male. Mean body length 9.32 ± 0.46 mm (N = 3) (8.81–9.69 mm); mean head length 0.84 ± 0.06 mm (N = 3) (0.78–0.89 mm). Body surface smooth. Epimeral plates 2 and 3 accuminated (Figure 8 (J)). Coxae 1–3 similar, subequal in size, with some scattered microtrichs on the anterior margins on coxae 2 and 3; coxa 4 as wide as long, excavated posteriorly, with microtrichs. Eyes present, rounded and large.</p><p>Epimeron (Figure 9 (J)) 1 postero-distal margin rounded, 2 and 3 postero-distal margin acute; epimeron 2 longer than 1 and 3.</p><p>Antenna 1 (Figure 9 (A)) 0.3× the body length, 0.56× the length of antenna 2, 1.5× longer than the peduncle of antenna 2 and 0.9× the length of the flagellum of antenna 2. Flagellum with 19 to 21 articles; aesthetascs occurring distally on flagellum after article 5.</p><p>Antenna 2 (Figure 9 (B)) longer than half the body length (0.6× the body length); peduncle slender, 2.3× the length of the head; flagellum with 27 articles, 1.8× longer than the peduncle.</p><p>Mandible without palp; incisor toothed; left (Figure 9 (C)) lacinia mobilis with 6 teeth, row of setae with 3 pappose setae and a few setules, accessory seta on the molar process; right mandible (Figure 9 (D)) with 4 pappose setae and some setules; molar process cylindrical with a small accessory seta.</p><p>Upper lip (Figure 9 (E)) margin rounded; distal border covered by setules and a few scattered setules laterally. Lower lip (Figure 9 (F)) outer lobes rounded, distally notched, covered by setules apically.</p><p>Maxilla 1 (Figure 9 (G)) inner plate slender with 2 apical pappose setae and lateral setules. Outer plate with 9 serrate setae, a few setules on the inner margin, apically. Palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, reaching half the distance between base of the palp and base of the setae on the outer plate, with 1 long serrate seta apically.</p><p>Maxilla 2 (Figure 9 (H)) inner plate shorter than outer plate, inner plate with 1 strong pappose seta distally and some simple and papposerrate setae disto-apically, scattered setules laterally; outer plate with longer simple setae and one papposerrate seta, disto-apically, scattered setules laterally.</p><p>Maxilliped (Figure 9 (I)) without comb scales; inner plate with 3 large cuspidate distal setae apically, up to 15 pappose setae disto-apically, setules on the distal-outer margin, 4 simple setae on the outer margin; outer plate with several long simple setae with accessory seta on the inner margin, 3 simple setae on the inner face, and up to 5 simple setae on the outer margin; palp subequal to outer plate and shorter than inner plate, with 4 articles; article 1 inner margin with 2 simple setae with accessory seta and outer margin with 4 simple setae and 1 plumose seta; article 2 inner and disto-inner margins with several simple setae with accessory seta and disto-outer margin with 3 long and 2 simple setae and 1 long plumose seta; article 3 inner margin, outer and distal margins with long simple setae; article 4 (dactylus) unguiform with a short distal nail present, with up to 4 simple setae.</p><p>Gnathopod 1 (Figure 10 (A)) subchelate, identical on the male and the female; coxal plate 1.8× wider than long, with simple setae on the anterior margin, 5 serrate setae on the posterior inner face, close to the attachment of the basis; basis with posterior and disto-posterior serrate setae, posterior margin with four groups of, at maximum, 2 simple setae; ischium with 2 apical simple setae; merus with 6 papposerrate setae on distal margin; carpus longer than wide, with pappose setae on the lateral distal lobe, up to 4 papposerrate setae on inner face and up to 7 serrate setae distally; propodus 1.4× longer than wide, hammer shaped, up to 9 pairs of simple setae on the posterior margin, with polygonal pattern on the disto-posterior margin and some long and short simple setae on disto-anterior margin; palm slope transverse, with several long and short simple setae; 8 long pappose setae and some smaller ones on inner face; dactylus claw-like, small simple setae on the proximal margin, with a plumose seta distally.</p><p>Gnathopod 2 (Figure 10 (B)) subchelate; coxal plate 1.7× wider than long, with simple setae on the margin, 2 simple setae on the posterior inner face, close to the attachment of the basis, and some scattered microtrichs on the inner face; basis with 5 to 8 serrate setae on posterior margin, 1 short simple seta on anterior margin, and 3 serrate setae disto-posteriorly; ischium with 4 serrate setae disto-posteriorly; merus with up to 4 serrate setae and 3 simple setae with accessory seta on distal margin; carpus lobe slim, produced between merus and propodus, posterior margin with several pappose setae, disto-posterior corner with polygonal pattern, inner margin with some scattered simple and plumose setae, and disto-anterior margin with 4 serrate setae; propodus ovate, slope oblique, posterior margin with 5 groups of 1 to 3 simple setae, palm with a slight posterior excavation, 2 rows of short cuspidate setae with accessory setae and simple setae, anterior margin with several simple setae, inner face with a row of short simple setae; dactylus claw-like, congruent with palm, with small simple setae on the proximal margin and a plumose seta distally.</p><p>Pereopods 3–7 (Figure 10 (C–G)) simple. Coxae 3–7 with simple setae distally and microtrichs on inner face; coxa 3 similar to 1 and 2; coxa 4 as long as wide, excavated posteriorly; coxa 5 posterior lobe as long as anterior lobe; coxa 6 anterior lobe reduced; coxa 7 reduced. Pereopods 3 and 4 subequal in size, with 3 to 4 groups of 1 or 2 serrate setae on the posterior margins of their basis and on their basis and ischium disto-posterior margins, merus with 4 to 6 groups of 1 to 4 simple setae on the posterior margin, disto-anterior and disto-posterior margin with 4 to 7 serrate setae, carpus and propodus with 6 to 8 groups of up to 5 cuspidate setae with accessory seta and simple setae on the posterior margin, a plumose seta on the dactylus. Pereopod 5 is the shorter, 0.9× the length of P3 and P4 and 0.7× the length of P6 and P7, with groups of 1 to 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the anterior margin of the basis and posterior margin of the merus, and groups of cuspidate setae with accessory seta and simple setae on the disto-posterior and disto-anterior margins of basis, ischium, merus, carpus and propodus, and the anterior margins of merus, carpus and propodus, a plumose seta on the dactylus. Pereopod 6 subequal in length to P7, longer than P3–P5. Pereopods 6 and 7 with 3 to 5 serrate setae on the proximo-anterior margin of basis, and 8 to 10 groups of 1 to 5 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the anterior margins of their basis, merus, carpus and propodus and posterior margin of merus, a plumose seta on the dactylus of pereopod 6.</p><p>Pleopods (Figure 11 (A)) peduncle half the length of the rami, 2 coupling spines; both rami with several long plumose setae.</p><p>Uropod 1 (Figure 11 (B)) peduncle 1.2× longer than inner ramus and 1.4× longer than the outer ramus, with 5 cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus 1.2× longer than the outer ramus, with 2 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 6 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2, medium and 2 shorter) apically, without curved seta; outer ramus with 3 cuspidate setae on dorsal margin and 4 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2 shorter) apically.</p><p>Uropod 2 (Figure 11 (C)) 0.6× the total length of uropod 1, 1.2× longer than the peduncle of uropod 1, peduncle subequal in length to the inner ramus, peduncle and inner ramus 1.1× longer than the ramus, peduncle with 4 cuspidate setae with accessory seta disto-laterally; inner ramus with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta, each larger than the last, on dorsal margin and 6 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2 medium with accessory seta, and 2 shorter) apically; outer ramus with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 4 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2 shorter) apically.</p><p>Uropod 3 (Figure 11 (D)) half the length of the peduncle of uropod 1 and 0.8× the length of peduncle of uropod 2, subequal to the telson; peduncle with up to 5 short cuspidate setae with accessory seta on outer distal margin; inner ramus absent; outer ramus rectangular, with 3 cuspidate setae with or without accessory seta halfway to the apex, and up to 6 cuspidate setae, with or without accessory seta, apically.</p><p>Telson (Figure 11 (E)) entire, longer than wide, apically rounded and with 2 short cuspidate setae; 3 small plumose setae on each side, symmetrically placed.</p><p>Coxal gills sac-like on pereonites 2–6. Sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2–7.</p><p>Female. (Figure 11 (F–G)) Mean body length 8.12 ± 0.88 mm (N = 3) (7.11–8.71 mm); mean head length 0.74 ± 0.11 mm (N = 3) (0.63–0.85 mm). Gnathopod 1 identical to the male. Gnathopod 2 (Figure 10 (F)) similar in size and shape to gnathopod 1; basis posterior and distal margins with 3 simple setae, ischium and merus posterior margin with simple and serrate setae; carpus with 2 pappose seta on the inner face; propodus with a row of approximately 8 simple and pappose setae on the inner margin; palm transverse, 0.6× the length of posterior margin, with a row of short simple setae and another of longer simple setae, polygonal pattern on the disto-posterior margin; dactylus claw-like with a distal plumose seta. Telson (Figure 10 (G)) identical to the male.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Freshwater, epigean. Specimens of Hyalella roncador sp. n. were found associated to plant roots in the epigean stretches of Rio Roncador River, on the shallow and rapid waters (Figure 2 (C–D)). The abundance is high, surpassing 10 individuals.m −2. pH values varied from 6.8 to 7.4 and temperature from 18.5°C (winter season) to 21.2°C (summer season).</p><p>Conservation</p><p>We herein propose Hyalella roncador sp. n. as vulnerable (VU) based on IUCN subcategory D2 (restricted area of occurrence) (ICMBIO (Instituto Chico Mendes de ConservaÇão da Biodiversidade) 2013). It is worth mentioning that the species is possibly endemic.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Hyalella roncador sp. n. can be easily distinguished from Hyalella ceciliae sp. n., H. caeca and all other subterranean Hyalella because it lacks the typical adaptations to life underground. Table 2 shows the morphological characteristics of superficial (ie nonsubterrenean) Hyalella species that occur in Brazil with some morphological similarities to Hyalella roncador sp. n. There are two characteristics easily used to group Hyalella and, hence, differentiate species: the presence/absence of a curved seta on the inner ramus of male’s uropod 1; and the presence/absence/position of flanges (a dorsoposterior carina on the thoracic and abdominal plates). Hyalella roncador sp. n. has neither a curved seta, which differentiates it from 21 Brazilian species, nor flanges, which differentiate it from the single other species from Brazil. Details of the remaining nine species can be found in Table 2, in comparison to Hyalella roncador sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0879B84697537FE67FB2FFD0FF95B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penoni, Ludmila Rocha;Bichuette, Maria Elina;Borges, Rayssa Karolina Ferreira;Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua	Penoni, Ludmila Rocha, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Borges, Rayssa Karolina Ferreira, Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua (2025): New species of Hyalella Smith (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae): a contribution to the knowledge of a widely distributed genus in the Upper Ribeira karst, with redescription of the rare and endangered Hyalella caeca Pereira. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 195-226, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2448565, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2448565
03E0879B8473753FFE07FF5CFBE3FBDC.text	03E0879B8473753FFE07FF5CFBE3FBDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalella caeca Pereira 1989	<div><p>Hyalella caeca Pereira, 1989</p><p>(Figures 12–15)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Paratype male (Figure 12 (A)), body length = 5.79 mm, head length = 0.50 mm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.7236&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.5569" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.7236/lat -24.5569)">Gruta Tobias de Baixo Cave</a>, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Iporanga municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil (24.5569°S, 48.7236°W), MNRJcarcino 7618, 6 November 1975, Guy Christian Collet coll .; paratype female (Figure 12 (B)), body length = 4.92 mm, head length = 0.44 mm, MNRJcarcino 7618; paratype male on slides (same collection data as holotype) .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Only material from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Maxilla 1 outer plate with 9 serrate setae. Male gnathopod 1 propodus 1.6× longer than wide, hammer shaped, inner face with a row of 6 papposerrate setae, with polygonal pattern on the dactylus. Gnathopod 2 propodus almost triangular, palm with a slender excavation posteriorly. Uropod 1 of the male without a curved seta on inner ramus. Telson almost square, 2 setae apically, 3 small plumose setae on each side, symmetrically placed. Coxal gills on segments 2–6. Sternal gills on segments 2–7.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male. Mean body length 5.79 ± 0.86 mm (N = 2) (5.79–7.00 mm); mean head length 0.5 ± 0.06 mm (N = 2) (0.5–0.59 mm). Body surface smooth. Epimeral plate 2 accuminated (Figure 13 (I)). Coxae 1–3 similar, subequal in size; coxa 7 reduced. Eyes absent.</p><p>Epimeron (Figure 13 (I)) 1, 2 and 3 postero-distal margins rounded, acute and sub-acute, respectively.</p><p>Antenna 1 (Figure 13 (A)) short, only 0.3× the body length and 0.7× the length of antenna 2, 1.8× longer than the peduncle of antenna 2 and slightly (1.1×) longer than the flagellum of antenna 2. Peduncle articles 1–3 relative length 0.9:1:0.7; flagellum with 10–11 articles; aesthetascs occurring distally on flagellum after article 4.</p><p>Antenna 2 (Figure 13 (B)) almost (0.88×) half the body length; peduncle slender, double the length of the head; flagellum with 13–14 articles, 1.4× longer than the peduncle.</p><p>Mandible without palp; incisor toothed; left (Figure 13 (C)) lacinia mobilis with 5 teeth, setae row with 3 pappose setae and a few setules, no observed accessory seta on the molar process; right mandible (Figure 13 (D)) with 2 pappose setae and some setules; molar process cylindrical with no observed accessory seta.</p><p>Upper lip (Figure 13 (E)) margin rounded; distal border covered by setules. Lower lip (Figure 12 (F)) outer lobes rounded, distally notched, covered by setules apically.</p><p>Maxilla 1 (Figure 13 (G)) inner plate slender, with 2 apical pappose setae and a few lateral setules. Outer plate with 9 serrate setae, and a few setules on the inner margin, apically. Palp short, uniarticulate, longer than wide, reaching less than half the distance between base of the palp and base of the setae on the outer plate, with 1 short strong simple seta distally.</p><p>Maxilla 2 (Figure 13 (H)) inner plate shorter than outer plate, inner plate with 1 strong pappose seta distally and some simple and serrate setae disto-apically; outer plate with longer simple setae and some papposerrate setae, disto-apically.</p><p>Maxilliped (Figure 13 (J)) without comb scales; inner plate with 3 cuspidate distal setae apically, a few pappose setae disto-apically and on the ventral margin, 2 simple setae on the outer margin; outer plate with several simple setae on the inner margin, 2 setae on the inner face and 2 smaller simple setae on the outer margin; palp longer than inner and outer plates, with 4 articles; article 1 inner margin with up to 4 long simple setae and outer margin with 1 simple seta; article 2 inner margin with several long simple setae and outer margin with 3 simple setae; article 3 inner, distal and outer margins with several simple setae; article 4 unguiform with long distal papposerrate nail present, with up to 5 simple setae, shorter than nail.</p><p>Gnathopod 1 (Figure 14 (A)) subchelate; coxal plate 1.5× wider than long, with simple setae on the margin; basis posterior margin with 2 long bifid setae, disto-posterior margins with a group of 4 bifid setae; ischium with 1 disto-posterior simple seta; merus with 3 simple setae over the external margin, and up to 4 bifid setae disto-posteriorly; carpus longer than wide, with pappose setae on the lateral distal lobe, with a row of up to 6 pappose setae on inner margin and some serrate setae distally; propodus 1.6× longer than wide, hammer shaped, a few simple or bifid setae on disto-posterior margin, 2 rows of small comb scales on the disto-posterior corner; up to 16 long and short simple setae on disto-anterior margin; inner face with a row of 6 papposerrate setae and some scattered shorter simple setae; palm slope transverse, with up to 15 simple short setae; dactylus claw-like, with a plumose seta distally, polygonal pattern on the distal margin and short simple setae on the anterior margin.</p><p>Gnathopod 2 (Figure 14 (B)) subchelate, without comb scales or polygonal pattern; coxal plate 1.5× wider than long, with simple setae on the distal margin; basis with up to 5 long bifid setae on posterior margin, 1 short simple seta on anterior margin, and up to 2 bifid setae disto-posteriorly; ischium with 1 long simple seta disto-posteriorly; merus with up to 5 bifid setae on distal margin, with 1 seta almost midway to distal margin; carpus lobe slim, produced between merus and propodus, posterior margin with pappose setae, inner margin with 2 small pappose setae and disto-anterior margin with 2 long bifid setae; propodus almost triangular, palm slightly longer than posterior margin, slope oblique, with a slender posterior excavation, some short cuspidate setae with accessory setae, bifid setae and simple setae, anterior margin with a 4 short simple setae; dactylus claw-like, with one plumose seta distally.</p><p>Pereopods 3–7 (Figure 14 (C–G)) simple. Coxae with simple setae; coxa 3 similar to 1 and 2; coxa 4 1.2× longer than wide, excavated posteriorly; coxa 5 posterior lobe longer and narrower than anterior lobe; coxa 6 anterior lobe reduced; coxa 7 reduced. Pereopods 3, 4 and 5 subequal in size, pereopods 3 and 4 with 2 to 3 groups of 1 to 2 bifid or simple setae on the posterior margins of their basis, merus, and carpus, 2 bifid setae on the anterior margin of their merus, propodus with 4 to 5 groups of 1 to 3 simple or cuspidate setae on the posterior margin, and a plumose seta on the dactylus. Pereopod 6 and 7 subequal in size, ~1.2× longer than P3–P5; pereopods 5–7 with 2 to 6 groups of 1 to 3 simple, bifid, or cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the anterior margins of the basis, merus, carpus, and propodus, with 2 bifid or cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the posterior margin of the merus, groups of 3 to 6 bifid or cuspidate setae with accessory seta on the disto-anterior and disto-posterior margins of merus and carpus.</p><p>Pleopods (Figure 15 (E)) peduncle 0.7× the length of the rami, a pair of coupling spines; both rami with several long plumose setae.</p><p>Uropod 1 (Figure 15 (A)) peduncle 1.3× longer than inner ramus and 1.4× longer than the outer ramus, with 5 cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus slightly longer than outer ramus, with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 6 cuspidate setae (3 shorter) apically, without curved seta; outer ramus with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 4 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2 shorter) apically.</p><p>Uropod 2 (Figure 15 (C)) 0.6× the total length of uropod 1, 1.1× longer than the peduncle of uropod 1, peduncle 0.8× the length of inner ramus and 0.9× the length of outer ramus, with 4 cuspidate setae with accessory seta; inner ramus 1.1× longer than outer ramus, with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 5 cuspidate setae apically; outer ramus with 3 cuspidate setae with accessory seta on dorsal margin and 4 cuspidate setae (3 longer, 1 shorter) apically.</p><p>Uropod 3 (Figure 15 (B)) almost half the length of the peduncle of uropod 1 and subequal to the peduncle of uropod 2 and to the telson; peduncle with 4 cuspidate setae on outer distal margin; inner ramus absent; outer ramus subtriangular, shorter than peduncle, with 4 cuspidate setae (2 longer, 2 shorter) apically.</p><p>Telson (Figure 15 (D)) entire, subquadrate, as long as wide, apically rounded and with 2 short apical cuspidate setae and 3 small plumose setae on each side, symmetrically placed.</p><p>Coxal gills sac-like on pereonites 2–6. Sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2–7.</p><p>Female. (Figure 15 (F–G)) Body length 5.27 mm (N = 1); head length 0.44 mm (N = 1). Gnathopod 1 identical to the male. Gnathopod 2 (Figure 15 (G)) similar in size and shape to gnathopod 1; merus with 4 simple setae; carpus with 2 simple setae on the inner face; propodus elongated, with several long simple setae on the inner face and short simple setae on the palm; palm transverse; dactylus claw-like with a distal plumose seta. Telson (Figure 15 (F)) similar to the male, but with 3 simple setae apically.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Freshwater pools in the Twilight Zone of Gruta Tobias de Baixo Cave. Troglobitic species.</p><p>Conservation</p><p>We propose H. caeca as endangered (EN) based on IUCN subcategory B1 (&lt;5.000 km 2 in area of occurrence extension) and D1 (&lt;250 mature individuals) (ICMBIO (Instituto Chico Mendes de ConservaÇão da Biodiversidade) 2013).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Hyalella caeca specimens were collected in 1975 inside of Gruta Tobias de Baixo Cave and described in 1989 (Pereira 1989). It was the first hypogean species of the genus known from Brazil and the second worldwide. In the original description, the author briefly compared its morphology with that of Hyalella anophthalma Ruffo, 1957, pinpointing the absence of eyes and pigmentation, elongation of the antennas, reduced number of setae on a narrow ramus of uropod 3, and the morphology of the telson (Pereira 1989). Here we observe that the antennas are not longer than those of other species on average for the genus, and hence cannot be treated as a troglomorphy. When we compare H. caeca with H. ceciliae sp. n., the main differences are the size of antenna 1 relative to the body length, the relative sizes of articles 1–3 of the peduncle of antenna 1, the number of serrate setae on the outer plate of maxilla 1, the presence of comb scales and polygonal pattern on the male gnathopod 1 of H. caeca and the relative length of the pereopods. Table 1 lists other differences between H. caeca and Hyalella ceciliae sp. n. and other subterranean Hyalella species. It is worth mentioning that the material analysed was included in the description of H. spelaea, but these are not the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0879B8473753FFE07FF5CFBE3FBDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penoni, Ludmila Rocha;Bichuette, Maria Elina;Borges, Rayssa Karolina Ferreira;Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua	Penoni, Ludmila Rocha, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Borges, Rayssa Karolina Ferreira, Bueno, Alessandra Angélica de Pádua (2025): New species of Hyalella Smith (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae): a contribution to the knowledge of a widely distributed genus in the Upper Ribeira karst, with redescription of the rare and endangered Hyalella caeca Pereira. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 195-226, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2448565, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2448565
