identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E087ADFFC6921613ED1D5AFB3D38AE.text	03E087ADFFC6921613ED1D5AFB3D38AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Akatopora leucocypha (Marcus 1937)	<div><p>Akatopora leucocypha (Marcus, 1937a)</p><p>(Fig. 3A, B; Table 2)</p><p>Crassimarginatella leucocypha MARCUS, 1937A: P. 46, PL. 8, fIg. 20A, PL. 9, fIg. 20B, C; 1938, P. 20, PL. 3II, fIg. 8A, B.</p><p>Akatopora leucocypha: WINSTON &amp; VIEIRA, 2013: P. 110, fIg. 7 (CUM SYN.).</p><p>Akatopora leucocypha: ALMEIDA et al., 2015A: P. 3.</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1632, on valve of Dallocardia muricata . UFBA 1634, UFBA 1640, UFBA 1642, on valves of Pinctada imbricata .</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting (Fig. 3A), unilaminar. Autozooids oval to hexagonal. Opesia oval, comprising three-fourth of zooidal length, surrounded by a beaded, crenulate cryptocyst proximally and laterally; gymnocyst scarcely evident in frontal view. Triangular or rounded kenozooids (Fig. 3B, arrows), with cryptocyst similar to the one in autozooids, placed between autozooids. Ovicell not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Akatopora leucocypha was redescribed by Winston &amp; Vieira (2013). It is commonly found on hard substrata, including shell fragments (Winston &amp; Håkansson 1986; Winston &amp; Vieira 2013).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: North Carolina (Capes Hatteras) to Brazil (Bahia, São Paulo and Paraná) (Winston &amp; Håkansson 1986; Vieira et al. 2008; Winston &amp; Vieira 2013; Almeida et al. 2015a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFC6921613ED1D5AFB3D38AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFC1921613ED1EE7FB2B3C23.text	03E087ADFFC1921613ED1EE7FB2B3C23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licornia diadema (BUSK 1852) Busk 1852	<div><p>Licornia aff. diadema (Busk, 1852)</p><p>(Fig. 3C, D; Table 3)</p><p>Licornia Aff. diadema: ALMEIDA et al., 2017A: P. 293, fIgS 30–33 (CUM SYN.).</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1626, UFBA 1646, UFBA 3317–3320, on valves of Plicatula gibbosa .</p><p>Description. Colony erect (Fig. 3C), flexible, branching, with internodes comprising 8–12 zooids. Autozooids biserial (triserial at the bifurcation), subrectangular with rounded distal edges. Opesia oval, comprising three-fourth of zooidal length; often with a medial, paddle-shaped scutum (Fig. 3D, arrow), surrounded proximally by a smooth, narrow cryptocyst; poorly developed gymnocyst; four or five oral spines (two inner, two outer and one distal). Lateral avicularium (Fig. 3D, circle) with a triangular rostrum and serrated margins placed at the outer distal edge of each zooid. Frontal avicularium (Fig. 3D, dashed circle) with triangular rostrum and hooked tip at the proximomedial corner of each autozooid. Vibracular chamber conspicuous in frontal view, elongate, with short oblique setal groove. Vibracular setae smooth. Rhizoids (Fig. 3C, arrow) tubular, sometimes hooked. Ovicell not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Licornia diadema (Busk, 1852) represents a species complex involving many undescribed species (Tilbrook &amp; Vieira 2012; Almeida et al. 2017a). It is commonly found attached to algae, corals and sponges (Almeida et al. 2017a).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia and Rio de Janeiro) (Almeida et al. 2017a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFC1921613ED1EE7FB2B3C23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFC3921413ED1890FA843E0D.text	03E087ADFFC3921413ED1890FA843E0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reptadeonella brasiliensis ALMEIDA, SOUZA, SANNER & VIEIRA 2015	<div><p>Reptadeonella brasiliensis Almeida, Souza, Sanner &amp; Vieira, 2015</p><p>(Fig. 3E, F; Table 4)</p><p>Reptadeonella brasiliensis ALMEIDA, SOUZA, SANNER &amp; VIEIRA, 2015: P. 357, fIgS 19–28, 39, 40 (CUM SYN.).</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1636, UFBA 1645, on valves of Pinctada imbricata .</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting (Fig. 3E), unilaminar. Autozooids hexagonal to rhomboidal (Fig. 3F), surrounded by 18–25 large, marginal pores. Frontal wall centrally imperforate, finely granular. Primary orifice transversely elliptical, wider than long, occupying about one-sixth of orifice length. Areolar pore transversely narrow, placed immediately proximal to orificial rim, visible in some zooids (Fig. 3F, arrow). Secondary orifice raised, surrounded by a calcification with small nodules around the rim. Suboral avicularium median, triangular, rostrum directed distally, extending about half to one-third of zooidal length. Spiramen (Fig. 3F, circle) crescentic, placed approximately in the center of the frontal wall, below the suboral avicularium. Gonozooid not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Reptadeonella brasiliensis is among the commonest intertidal cheilostomes in NE Brazil, frequently found attached to hard substrata such as other bryozoans, shells and rocks (Almeida et al. 2015b).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Ceará to Bahia; Fernando de Noronha) (Almeida et al. 2015b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFC3921413ED1890FA843E0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFC3921513ED1DDCFF26396A.text	03E087ADFFC3921513ED1DDCFF26396A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celleporaria mordax (Marcus 1937)	<div><p>Celleporaria mordax (Marcus, 1937a)</p><p>(Fig. 4A, B; Table 5)</p><p>Holoporella mordax MARCUS, 1937A: P. 123, PL. 24, fIg. 65A–F.</p><p>Celleporaria mordax: WINSTON et al., 2014: P. 195, fIg. 36 (CUM SYN.).</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1639, UFBA 1655, UFBA 3321, UFBA 3322, on valves of Pinctada imbricata .</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting (Fig. 4A), unilaminar. Autozooids irregularly shaped, surrounded by few large marginal pores. Frontal wall imperforate, rough, with small nodules. Primary orifice (Fig. 4B) D-shaped, with a small, U-shaped sinus (occasionally with two indentations); 2–4 oral spines. Suboral avicularium small, elliptical, rostrum serrated, obliquely oriented within the peristome. Interzooidal avicularium large, spatulate, with beak-like rostrum and complete crossbar. Ovicell not observed.</p><p>Remarks. This species is frequently found subtidally on hard substrata in southeastern Brazil (Winston et al. 2014). This is the first record of C. mordax from northeastern Brazil.</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Winston et al. 2014; present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFC3921513ED1DDCFF26396A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93.text	03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA & WOOLLACOTT 2014	<div><p>Parasmittina loxoides Winston, Vieira &amp; Woollacott, 2014</p><p>(Fig. 5A–F; Table 6)</p><p>Parasmittina loxoides WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014: P. 202, fIg. 40 (CUM SYN.).</p><p>Parasmittina loxa: ALMEIDA et al., 2015A: P. 4.</p><p>NOT Smittina trispinosa VAR. loxa: MARCUS, 1937B: P. 225, fIgS 23C, 24.</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1619, UFBA 3323–3325, on valve of Plicatula gibbosa . UFBA 1621, UFBA 1622, UFBA 1627, UFBA 1628, UFBA 1652, UFBA 1654, UFBA 1661, UFBA 3326–3353, on valves of Pinctada imbricata .</p><p>Redescription. Colony encrusting (Fig. 5A), uni- to multilaminar. Autozooids (Fig. 5B) subrectangular to polygonal, surrounded by 18–28 large marginal pores. Frontal wall centrally imperforate, rough. Primary orifice (Fig. 5C) longer than wide, distal margin smooth, not beaded; 1–2 oral spines; lyrula short, relatively narrow, truncate (non-alate), occupying about one-sixth or less of orifice length; two downward-directed condyles with serrated tips. Secondary orifice low, developed as two lateral flanges . Avicularia of three types. Avicularia type 1 (Fig. 5D, arrow) small, triangular, varying in orientation, frequently single, occasionally paired, distolateral or proximolateral to peristome, sometimes along autozooid margin on one side. Avicularia type 2 (Fig. 5D, circle) small, obovate to truncate, frequently single, occasionally paired, marginal, commonly replacing an areolar pore. Avicularia type 3 (Fig. 5B, E) large, spatulate, with orientation depending on location, commonly lateral (straight or with rostrum arched up) and distally directed, sometimes oblique to orifice, with subtriangular foramen and calcified palate occupying about half rostrum length, becoming longer with age. Ovicell (Fig. 5E, F) prominent, peripherally covered by secondary calcification from surrounding zooids; becoming submersed with increasing calcification; ectooecium perforated by 21–26 small pseudopores that sometimes coalesce with each other.</p><p>Remarks. Winston et al. (2014) recently described P. loxoides based on specimens from Rio de Janeiro, and also reassigned to this species specimens from São Paulo previously reported as Parasmittina loxa (Marcus, 1937b) . The holotype of P. loxa from Santa Helena, a volcanic island in the tropical South Atlantic Ocean, has been destroyed, thus preventing comparison with the Brazilian species (Winston et al. 2014).</p><p>Since P. loxoides was originally described from a single colony fragment mounted on a SEM stub (Winston et al. 2014), some morphological characters were not evident (i.e. presence and number of oral spines, ornamentation of condyles, frequency and types of avicularia). Since the taxonomy of Parasmittina Osburn, 1952 is mainly based on the morphology of primary orifice (i.e. distal margin, condyles and lyrula), avicularia and ovicell (Soule &amp; Soule 1973, 2002; Winston et al. 2014), P. loxoides is here redescribed.</p><p>The following combination of characters distinguishes P. loxoides from congeners: autozooids subrectangular to polygonal, with large marginal pores; 1 or 2 oral spines; lyrula short, relatively narrow, truncate (non-alate); condyles with serrate tips; three types of avicularia (small, triangular; small, obovate; large, spatulate); ectooecium of ovicell with 21–26 small pseudopores. Also, among the eight species of Parasmittina known from Brazil (Vieira et al. 2018), P. loxoides is unique in having large avicularia (type 3) distally directed.</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Almeida et al. 2015a; Winston et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFCD921A13ED1B5AFEDC3D93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFCF921E13ED19D9FC7138D8.text	03E087ADFFCF921E13ED19D9FC7138D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurocodonellina marcusi Almeida & Souza & Farias & Alves & Vieira 2018	<div><p>Pleurocodonellina marcusi n. sp.</p><p>(Fig. 6A–F; Table 7)</p><p>Schizoporella horsti: MARCUS, 1937A: P. 87, PL. 18, fIg. 46; 1938, P. 39; 1939, P. 139, PL. 4, fIg. 13.</p><p>Schizoporella horsti: GUIMARãES &amp; ROSA, 1941: P. 308.</p><p>Smittina signata: MACHADO &amp; SOUZA, 1994: P. 259.</p><p>Rimulostoma horsti: VIEIRA et al., 2008: P. 27.</p><p>Rimulostoma horsti: ALMEIDA et al., 2015A: P. 4.</p><p>NOT Schizopodrella horsti OSBURN, 1927: P. 127, fIgS 3–5.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: UFBA 1641, on valve of Dallocardia muricata . Paratype: UFBA 1648, on valve of Dallocardia muricata .</p><p>Comparative material: USNM 11838, Schizopodrella horsti, holotype, det. R.C. Osburn, Spanish Water, CuraÇao, coll. May 18, 1920 .</p><p>Type locality. Itaparica Beach, Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia State, NE Brazil.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Ernst Gustav Goltthelf Marcus (1893–1968) for his invaluable contributions to zoology.</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting (Fig. 6A), unilaminar. Autozooids (Fig. 6B) long-ovoid to hexagonal, surrounded by 16–22 large, marginal pores. Frontal wall centrally imperforate, rough, tessellated. Primary orifice (Fig. 6C) subcircular to circular in outline, distal rim smooth, arched, with broad, U-shaped sinus, semicircular in outline, flanked by two small, pointed proximolateral condyles with serrated tips; 1–2 oral spines, mostly obscured later in ontogeny. Secondary orifice (Fig. 6D) formed by complete, low collar of calcification around the primary orifice, cormidial (i.e. with a distal contribution from the next distal zooid), sometimes obscuring the primary orifice. Frontal avicularia small, single, located just proximolateral to the orifice on one side, directed proximolaterally; rostrum with long-subtriangular to sublanceolate mandibular portion, foramen oval, crossbar complete, with calcified palate occupying approximately half of avicularium chamber. Other avicularia absent. Ovicell (Fig. 6D, E) prominent, surrounded peripherally by frontal calcification from adjacent zooids; ectooecium perforated by 24–42 small rounded pseudopores.</p><p>Remarks. Among species in Pleurocodonellina Soule &amp; Soule, 1973, P. marcusi n. sp. most resembles Pleurocodonellina horsti (Osburn, 1927), a species traditionally considered to be widely distributed through the Western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean and Brazil (Marcus 1937a; Winston &amp; Håkansson 1986). Unfortunately, the holotype of P. horsti is mounted in a balsam slide and few fragments remain entire, preventing SEM observation. However, under a stereomicroscope, some morphological characters can be seen to distinguish P. hosti from P. marcusi n. sp. Pleurocodonellina horsti has adventitious avicularia with the rostrum distally acute (rounded in P. marcusi n. sp.); no oral spines are evident in the type of P. horsti ( P. marcusi n. sp. has 1–2 oral spines); the frontal calcification of P. horsti varies from granular to nodular (the frontal wall is tesselated in P. marcusi n. sp.); and P. horsti has a longer primary orifice, about 0.16 mm long (Osburn 1927) (0.11 mm long in P. marcusi n. sp.).</p><p>Brazilian specimens reported by Marcus (1937a, 1938, 1939) as Schizoporella horsti have a semicircular sinus, oblong to sublanceolate avicularia, tessellated frontal wall and smaller orifice than in Osburn’s P. horsti (Marcus 1937a, 1939), and we here reassign them to P. marcusi n. sp. In addition, unregistered specimens in the UFBA collection identified as Smittina signata (recognized as Pleurocodonellina signata (Waters, 1889)) by Machado &amp; Souza (1994) were examined and clearly belong to P. marcusi n. sp. Differences between P. signata and P. marcusi n. sp. include the number of oral spines (1–3 in P. signata, 1–2 in P. marcusi n. sp.), shape of the orificial sinus (drop-shaped in P. signata, semicircular in P. marcusi n. sp.), the presence of large adventitious avicularia (absent in P. marcusi n. sp.) and the number of ooecial pseudopores (60–70 in P. signata, 24–42 in P. marcusi n. sp.).</p><p>Pleurocodonellina marcusi n. sp. differs from all congeners in the combination of: semicircular sinus; 1–2 oral spines; small, oblong to sublanceolate avicularium; ooecia perforated by 24–42 small pseudopores. At least three Pleurocodonellina ( P. clavicula Ryland &amp; Hayward, 1992; P. laciniosa Hayward &amp; Ryland, 1995; P. lahainae Soule &amp; Soule, 1973) have dimorphic avicularia and a larger sinus than in P. marcusi n. sp. An acute avicularium and robust condyles are present in P. californica Soule, Soule &amp; Chaney, 1995, P. longirostrata (Hincks, 1882), P. macroperforata Tilbrook, 2006 and P. microperforata Tilbrook, 2006 .</p><p>Caribbean specimens of Pleurocodonellina are found encrusting clay nodules and sand grains (Osburn 1927; Winston &amp; Håkansson 1986), and species from the Pacific Ocean are common in coral reefs (Tilbrook 2006). Along the Brazilian coast, P. marcusi n. sp. had already been reported (as Schizoporella horsti) attached to crabs (Guimarães &amp; Rosa 1941). This is the first record of this species living on shells.</p><p>Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil (Rocas Attol, Bahia and São Paulo).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFCF921E13ED19D9FC7138D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFC9921C13ED1C34FD0F3BC4.text	03E087ADFFC9921C13ED1C34FD0F3BC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyptotheca triangulata (Canu & Bassler 1928) Almeida & Souza & Farias & Alves & Vieira 2018	<div><p>Calyptotheca triangulata (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) n. comb.</p><p>(Fig. 7A–F; Table 8)</p><p>Cribella triangulata CANU &amp; BASSLER, 1928: P. 82, PL. 4, fIg. 10.</p><p>Escharina krampi: MARCUS, 1939: P. 138, PL. 4, fIg. 12.</p><p>Calyptotheca tenuata: HARMER, 1957: P. 1016 (PART), PL. 68, fIgS 16, 17.</p><p>Cribellopora triangulata: VIEIRA et al., 2008: P. 31.</p><p>Calyptotheca tenuata: CUMMINg &amp; TILBROOK, 2014: P. 160, fIg. 5.</p><p>? Escharina krampi: MARCUS, 1937B: P. 216, fIg. 17A–C.</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1624, UFBA 3354–3356, on valves of Pinctada imbricata .</p><p>Comparative material: USNM 8553, Cribella triangulata, holotype, F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler det., Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil, coll. 1876 by Richard Rathbun.</p><p>Redescription. Colony encrusting (Fig. 7A, E), unilaminar. Autozooids (Fig. 7B, E) subquadrangular to hexagonal, delineated by raised lateral walls. Frontal wall perforated by large pseudopores, sometimes absent below the orifice in older zooids; marginal pores frequently elongate, slightly larger at zooidal corners. Primary orifice (Fig. 7C, D) transversely oval, wider than long, with two small, rounded proximolateral condyles and broad, shallow sinus; narrow shelf inside distal margin of peristome (here referred to as a ‘lunula’, following Cumming &amp; Tilbrook 2014) . Primary orifice with a raised, thickened, crescent nodular ridge proximally and laterally. Zooids bear single frontal avicularium (often absent), proximolateral to orifice, pointing proximomedially (Fig. 7C) or distomedially (Fig. 7D); rostrum rounded proximally, long-triangular distally, foramen subcordate, occupying approximately one-third of avicularium length, palate semicircular, with median pore. Ovicell (Fig. 7A, F) hyperstomial; ooecium globose, covered with pseudopores similarly to frontal wall; secondary calcification cormidial (i.e. with Y-shaped sutures of calcification, see arrow in Fig. 7F), closed by zooidal operculum. No orifice dimorphism.</p><p>Remarks. The generic placement of this species is historically controversial. It was originally described in the genus Cribella Jullien &amp; Calvet, 1903, which lacks diagnostic morphological characters and whose identity is doubtful (Canu &amp; Bassler 1927; Harmer 1957). Marcus (1939) later misidentified specimens from São Paulo (SE Brazil) as Escharina krampi Marcus, 1937b, originally described from Santa Helena (Marcus, 1937b). However, the Brazilian specimens (Marcus, 1939; present study) clearly do not belong to Escharina Milne Edwards, 1836, since they have a pseudoporous frontal wall, no oral spines, and porous ooecia. Vieira et al. (2008) reassigned it to Cribellopora Gautier, 1957 species that have an imperforate frontal wall, oral spines and narrow orificial sinus. Specimens from Bahia found on shells of Pinctada imbricata (Fig. 7A–D) fit all characters of the holotype (Fig. 7E–F), which is also from Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia (Canu &amp; Bassler 1928).</p><p>Morphological characters observed in the holotype and in additional material from Bahia—i.e. pseudoporous frontal wall, primary orifice with distal lunula, proximal sinus and prominent lateral condyles, absence of oral spines, and pseudoporous ovicell with cormidial secondary calcification—allow us to formally reassign Cribella triangulata Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 to Calyptotheca Harmer, 1957 (acc. Cumming &amp; Tilbrook 2014; Cumming 2015).</p><p>Among Calyptotheca species worldwide, Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957, originally described from Indonesia, is morphologically and morphometrically indistinguishable from C. triangulata n. comb. (Harmer 1957; Cumming &amp; Tilbrook 2014). As stated by Cumming &amp; Tilbrook (2014), Calyptotheca tenuata is diagnosed by having relatively large dimensions of zooids and pseudopores, primary orifice oval and with wide shallow sinus and acuminate basally curved avicularia. All these characters fit specimens originally studied by Canu &amp; Bassler (1928) and additional material studied here. In this sense, following the principle of priority of ICZN (1999, Art. 23), Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957 is here considered a junior synonym of Cribella triangulata Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928 .</p><p>Under the name Calyptotheca tenuata, C. triangulata n. comb. was already reported from Indonesia, Australia and China (Liu et al. 2001; Cumming &amp; Tilbrook 2014). The unusual geographic distribution and difficulties in traditional morphologic-morphometric distinction between specimens from the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic oceans suggest that C. triangulata n. comb. could be a widespread cryptogenic species (with unknown natural origin). Although having coronate short-lived larvae (not allowing long-range dispersal), some cheilostome bryozoans are known to occur in different geographic locations in all oceans and sometimes related with bioinvasion events (e.g. Harmelin et al. 2012; Almeida et al. 2017b; Miranda et al. 2018). On the other hand only integrative approaches, including both morphological and genetic analyses of C. triangulata n. comb., will allow to infer if this species is cryptic, exotic and/or invasive in some localities (Harmelin et al. 2012; Miranda et al. 2018).</p><p>At least two other species of Calyptotheca are known from Brazil, C. ornatissima (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928) and C. vaginata (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928). Calyptotheca ornatissima is readily distinguished from C. triangulata n. comb. in having four types of avicularia (suboral, other frontal, lateral and vicarious) and dimorphic orifices (wider in ovicelled than in non-ovicelled autozooids). No avicularia are known to occur in C. vaginata (teardrop-shaped avicularia occur in C. triangulata n. comb.), which also has hexagonal autozooids (subquadrangular in C. triangulata n. comb.) with a broader orificial sinus than in C. triangulata n. comb.</p><p>Calyptotheca triangulata n. comb. is frequently found on hard substrata, including shells and stones (Marcus 1939).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia and São Paulo) (Vieira et al. 2008); Indo-Pacific: Indonesia,</p><p>Australia and China (Cumming &amp; Tilbrook 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFC9921C13ED1C34FD0F3BC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFCA920213ED19FAFC0D3BE8.text	03E087ADFFCA920213ED19FAFC0D3BE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fodinella atlantica Winston, Vieira & Woollacott 2014	<div><p>Fodinella atlantica Winston, Vieira &amp; Woollacott, 2014</p><p>(Fig. 8A, B; Table 9)</p><p>Fodinella atlantica WINSTON, VIEIRA &amp; WOOLLACOTT, 2014: P. 218, fIg. 50.</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1631, on valve of Dallocardia muricata . UFBA 1656, UFBA 1660, on valves of Pinctada imbricata .</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting (Fig. 8A), unilaminar. Zooids oval to hexagonal, separated by slightly raised lateral walls; with increasing calcification, becoming polygonal, with zooidal boundaries almost indistinct. Frontal wall smooth, with 4–6 moderate to large marginal pores. Primary orifice (Fig. 8B) bell-shaped, almost obscured by secondary orifice; distal edge with 12–16 rounded denticles; proximal edge with a broad, shallow U-shaped sinus; condyles robust, triangular, downturned, located at proximal corners of orifice; 6–8 tubular oral spines. Secondary orifice well developed, with a medioproximal robust tubercle. Frontal avicularium small, often absent, oval, with complete crossbar; located near zooidal margins. A large avicularium occur, somewhat oblong; foramen oval; calcified palate occupying about one-fourth of rostrum length. Ovicell (Fig. 8A, arrow) prominent; ooecia subglobular, with a frontal tubercle; ectooecium non-calcified frontally, leaving a large, semicircular fenestra.</p><p>Remarks. Fodinella atlantica was recently described from the Bahia coast. It is the unique record of the genus Fodinella Tilbrook, Hayward &amp; Gordon, 2001 in the Atlantic (Winston et al. 2014).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia) (Winston et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFCA920213ED19FAFC0D3BE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFD4920313ED1AE9FC1D3F14.text	03E087ADFFD4920313ED1AE9FC1D3F14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhynchozoon brasiliensis ALMEIDA, SOUZA, MENEGOLA & VIEIRA 2017	<div><p>Rhynchozoon brasiliensis Almeida, Souza, Menegola &amp; Vieira, 2017</p><p>(Fig. 8C–F; Table 10)</p><p>Rhynchozoon SP. 2: ALMEIDA et al. 2015A: P. 5.</p><p>Rhynchozoon brasiliensis ALMEIDA, SOUZA, MENEgOLA &amp; VIEIRA, 2017: P. 312, fIgS 84–89 (CUM SYN.).</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1620, UFBA 1623, UFBA 1625, UFBA 1644, UFBA 1647, UFBA 1651, UFBA 1653, UFBA 1657, UFBA 1658, UFBA 1662, UFBA 3357–3387, on valves of Pinctada imbricata . UFBA 1633, on valves of Plicatula gibbosa .</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting (Fig. 8C), uni- to multilaminar. Zooids polygonal, separated by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal wall smooth, with small rounded nodules and 10–16 large marginal pores. Primary orifice (Fig. 8D) small relative to zooidal length, commonly obscured by secondary orifice; distal edge with 10–20 rounded denticles; proximal edge with a broadly V-shaped sinus; condyles small, triangular, located at proximal corners of orifice; no oral spines. Secondary orifice well developed, formed by tubercles that can be fused due to increasing calcification. Suboral avicularium (Fig. 8E) small, single, oblique and directed distolaterally; rostrum triangular, with hooked tip and complete crossbar; foramen oval. Frontal avicularia small, diamond-shaped, located near zooidal margins, variable in orientation. Ovicell prominent (Fig. 8F), becoming immersed with increasing calcification; ooecia subglobular and frontally flat; ectooecium non-calcified frontally, leaving a large, circular tabula of completely calcified entooecium.</p><p>Remarks. Rhynchozoon brasiliensis was misassigned to Rhynchozoon rostratum (Busk, 1856) (Souza 1989; Machado &amp; Souza 1994) and Rhynchozoon verruculatum (Smitt, 1873) (Almeida et al. 2015a), but recently Almeida et al. (2017a) elucidated the identity of this species from Bahia.</p><p>This species is commonly found attached to sponges, frequently those with a rugose external surface (Almeida et al. 2017a).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia) (Almeida et al. 2017a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFD4920313ED1AE9FC1D3F14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFD4920013ED1CDAFE503890.text	03E087ADFFD4920013ED1CDAFE503890.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum MARCUS 1937	<div><p>Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum Marcus, 1937a</p><p>(Fig. 9A–D; Table 11)</p><p>Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum MARCUS, 1937 A: P. 115, PL. 23, fIg. 61A, PL. 22, fIg. 61B, C.</p><p>Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum: MARCUS, 1955: P. 304.</p><p>Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum: VIEIRA et al., 2008: P. 33.</p><p>Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum: ALMEIDA et al., 2015A: P. 5.</p><p>Material examined. UFBA 1650, UFBA 3388, on valve of Dallocardia muricata .</p><p>Redescription. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids subrectangular at the growing edge (Fig. 9A),</p><p>arranged in linear horizontal rows, separated by slightly raised lateral walls; with increasing calcification, becoming somewhat oblong and irregularly organized, with zooidal boundaries indistinct. Frontal wall smooth, with 6–12 marginal pores. Primary orifice (Fig. 9B) small relative to zooidal length, almost obscured by secondary orifice; distal edge with 12–16 rounded denticles; proximal edge with broad, shallow median sinus; condyles small, rectangular, located at proximal corners of orifice. No oral spines. Secondary orifice well developed, formed by 1– 3 tubercles (two lateral and one median); median tubercle commonly with acute tip. Suboral avicularium (Fig. 9B) single, located lateral to median orificial tubercle, oblique and directed distolaterally; rostrum subtriangular, with hooked tip and complete crossbar; foramen triangular. Frontal avicularia small, 1 or 2 per autozooid, similar in outline to suboral avicularium but without hooked tip, located near zooidal margins, variable in orientation. Large vicarious avicularia (Fig. 9C) occur, smaller than autozooids, rostrum nearly rectangular, narrower in proximal third, proximal edge rounded and distal edge nearly straight; foramen nearly oval; calcified palate occupying about half the rostrum length. Ovicell (Fig. 9A, D) prominent, becoming immersed with increasing calcification; ooecia semicircular and frontally flat; ectooecium non-calcified frontally, leaving a large, semicircular tabula of completely calcified entooecium.</p><p>Remarks. This is the first description of R. phrynoglossum based on SEM images since the original description by Marcus (1937a). The species differs from congeners in having 1–3 tubercles around the primary orifice, with a large suboral avicularium, frontal avicularia similar to the suboral avicularium, large subrectangular avicularia and semicircular ooecia.</p><p>Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum is found on hard substrata, commonly encrusting shells (Marcus 1937a, 1955).</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Rocas Atoll, Bahia, Espírito Santo and São Paulo) (Vieira et al. 2008; Almeida et al. 2015a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFD4920013ED1CDAFE503890	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
03E087ADFFD6920413ED192BFDBB3AC0.text	03E087ADFFD6920413ED192BFDBB3AC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhynchozoon itaparicaensis Almeida & Souza & Farias & Alves & Vieira 2018	<div><p>Rhynchozoon itaparicaensis n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 10A–F, 11A–D; Table 12)</p><p>Rhynchozoon verruculatum: CANU &amp; BASSLER, 1928: P. 31, PL. 7, fIgS 2, 3.</p><p>Rhynchozoon verruculatum: VIEIRA et al., 2008: P. 33 (IN PART).</p><p>Rhynchozoon verruculatum: ALMEIDA et al., 2015A: P. 5 (IN PART).</p><p>NOT Cellepora verruculata: SMITT, 1873: P. 50, PL. 8, fIgS 170–172.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: UFBA 1629, on valves of Pinctada imbricata . Paratypes: UFBA 1635, UFBA 1638, on valves of Pinctada imbricata, USNM 8564, Rhynchozoon verruculatum, F. Canu &amp; R. Bassler det., Costa dos Coqueiros, Arembepe, Bahia, Brazil, coll. 1877 by Steamer Norseman.</p><p>Type locality. Itaparica Beach, Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia State, NE Brazil.</p><p>Etymology. Alluding to the type locality, Itaparica.</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids ovoid at growing edge (Fig. 10A), separated by low ridges, with 18–20 marginal pores. Autozooids (Figs 10B, 11A) strongly calcified, delimited by slightly raised lateral walls; frontal wall rugose, with small, rounded, scattered nodules, imperforate except for a single row of 12– 16 large, marginal pores. Primary orifice (Figs 10C, 11B) small relative to frontal shield length; broader than long, with 14–18 rounded denticles laterally and distally around margin; proximal edge with distinct, shallow, U-shaped median sinus; condyles small and triangular at proximal orificial corners. No oral spines. Primary orifice often obscured in peristome due to secondary calcification. Large suboral avicularium (Figs 10D, 11C) with well- developed chamber proximolateral to orifice on one side, with single cylindrical tubercle on opposite side, separated by U-shaped, laterally offset pseudosinus in secondary orifice; autozooids without large suboral avicularium may develop deep peristome with 3–4 rounded tubercles (often only 2 are distinct), obscuring primary orifice. Suboral avicularium with hooked rostrum, elongate-triangular mandible with curved edge, somewhat scimitar-like, with short uncinate process projecting into orifice. Frontal avicularia (Fig. 10A, E arrow) numerous, up to 4 per zooid (frequently 2), usually located at zooidal margin and directed distolaterally; rostrum diamond shaped, but sometimes with rounded proximal end; small to moderate in size, with complete crossbar. Ovicell (Figs 10F, 11D) hyperstomial, immersed with increasing calcification; ooecia subglobular and frontally flat, wider than long; ectooecium frontally uncalcified, leaving nearly semicircular tabula of exposed entooecium, with narrow labellum along proximal margin.</p><p>Remarks. Among Rhynchozoon species that have the primary orifice with a distinct, shallow, U-shaped median sinus, no oral spines, and large suboral avicularium, Rhynchozoon itaparicaensis n. sp. most closely resembles Rhynchozoon scimitar Dick &amp; Grischenko, 2016, due the distinct scimitar-like shape of the suboral avicularium. Differences between R. itaparicaensis n. sp. and R. scimitar include the suboral sinus (deeper and narrower in R. scimitar); the shape of the condyles (triangular in R. itaparicaensis n. sp. but rounded in R. scimitar), the position of the suboral avicularium (immersed in the secondary orifice and with a short uncinate process in R. itaparicaensis n. sp.; at the secondary orificial margin and without uncinate process in R. scimitar); and the frequency of avicularia (zooids typically have a suboral avicularium and two frontal avicularia in R. itaparicaensis n. sp.; zooids have only one avicularium in R. scimitar, never a suboral and frontal at the same time).</p><p>Other Rhynchozoon species with the primary orifice and avicularia similar to those in R. itaparicaensis n. sp. are Rynchozoon documentum Hayward &amp; Cook, 1983; Rhynchozoon fistulosum Hayward, 1993; Rhynchozoon ryukyuense Dick &amp; Grischenko, 2016; and Rhynchozoon solitarium Tilbrook, 2006 . However, whereas R. itaparicaensis n. sp. has a single suboral avicularium, scimitar-like, the suboral avicularium of R. documentum is subtriangular; R. fistulosum has two suboral avicularia; the suboral avicularium of R. ryukyuense varies from small and triangular to large and rectangular and that of R. solitarium is asymmetrically spatulate.</p><p>Canu &amp; Bassler (1928) identified specimens from Bahia as Rhynchozoon verruculatum, however, it truly belong to R. itaparicaensis n. sp. (Fig. 11A–D). These two species differ in the number of oral tubercles (up to 4, but commonly 2, in Rhynchozoon itaparicaensis n. sp., 4–6 in R. verruculatum); the shape of the suboral avicularium (scimitar-like in R. itaparicaensis n. sp., diamond-shaped in R. verruculatum); and the number and shape of the frontal avicularia (up to 4, varying from drop-shaped to diamond-shaped in R. itaparicaensis n. sp., single and diamond-shaped in R. verruculatum).</p><p>Rhynchozoon itaparicaensis n. sp. is a common shallow water species at Bahia, frequently found on hard substrata such as shells and calcareous nodules (Canu &amp; Bassler 1928).</p><p>Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087ADFFD6920413ED192BFDBB3AC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Almeida, Ana C. S.;Souza, Facelucia B. C.;Farias, Jamile;Alves, Orane F. S.;Vieira, Leandro M.	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Farias, Jamile, Alves, Orane F. S., Vieira, Leandro M. (2018): Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4434 (3): 401-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.3.1
