identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E03677FFA46F10FF5BFF59DCDFF84B.text	03E03677FFA46F10FF5BFF59DCDFF84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla annulatispina Mo, Li & Wang 2021	<div><p>Neoperla annulatispina Mo, Li &amp; Wang, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–2)</p> <p>Adult habitus (Fig. 1). Body color generally dark brown, abdomen pale. Head pale, with a prominent dark brown rectangular ocellar patch, and a smaller, semicircular spot interrupted by M-line; palpi brown; antennae generally brown, basal part paler; biocellate, the distance between ocelli ca. 2.0 X as wide as the diameter of the ocellus; head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum dark brown and rectangular, with scattered, dark rugosities and a pair of pale lateral areas; corners rounded. Wings brownish and transparent, veins dark brown; legs dark brown, basal two third of femora pale (Fig. 1e); cerci pale.</p> <p>Male (Figs. 1b–1d, 2a–2e). Forewing length 11.0– 12.4 mm (N=3). Tergum 6 with a posteromedial patch of sensilla basiconica. Tergum 7 with an anteromedian pair of sclerotized, upraised, nipple-shaped processes and a distal rectangular process on posterior margin covered with sensilla basiconica. Tergum 8 with a recurved triangular process, fringed with small distal spines. Tergum 9 with two paramedial patches of long hairs. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 upcurved, finger-like. Aedeagus mostly membranous, falciform (Figs. 2a–2e). Aedeagal tube mostly straight, only dorsal surface sclerotized (Figs. 2a, 2c–2d). Aedeagal sac slightly longer than tube and curved ventrally, forming a right angle to tube; dorsolateral surface with 2–3 irregular rows of small spines; subapical portion with a complete ring of small spines; apical surface densely covered with tiny spinules; apical portion with a H-shaped, dark uneverted flagella (Figs. 2a–2e).</p> <p>Female (Figs. 2f– 2g). Forewing length 13.0– 14.5 mm (N=2). Habitus generally similar to male except dark brown marking on head is more extensive. Sternum 8 lightly sclerotized; the posteromedial margin slightly produced forming a small quadrate sclerotized subgenital plate.</p> <p>Eggs. Available females were void of matured eggs.</p> <p>Type Material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.730001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.26/lat 24.730001)">Xiba</a>, N 24°43’48”, E 114°15’36’’, 360 m, 2016.V.1, light trap, Luo, Liu, Xun &amp; Zhao. Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female (CAU), 1 male and 1 female (HIST), same locality and date as holotype.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the ringed section of small spines of aedeagus. Latin “annulatus” means ringed and “spina” means spine.</p> <p>Distribution. China: Guangdong, Chebaling National Nature Reserve (Fig. 15). The exact habitat is unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. The new species is a member of the Neoperla montivaga species group (Zwick 1983). The new species shares similar head pattern, terminalia and aedeagus with N. nigromarginata Li &amp; Zhang, 2014 known from Henan Province of Central China. However, the new species can be separated from the latter by the following features: the paired lateral pale area of pronotum is smaller; aedeagal sac only with 2–3 irregular rows of small spines in dorsolateral surface; subapical spinous ring is complete; paired apical flagella is linked by a short sclerotized band. In N. nigromarginata, the paired lateral pale area of pronotum is bigger, comprising about 50% of the total surface; aedeagal sac with 2–3 irregular rows of small spines in dorsal surface and a large lateral patch of small spines, without subapical spinous ring or the ring is not complete; paired apical flagella are not connected. In addition, subgenital plate of female sternum 8 of N. nigromarginata has a small median notch at posterior margin, while the subgenital plate of the new species lacks a median notch.</p> <p>The COI sequence of Neoperla annulatispina Mo, Li &amp; Wang, sp. nov. and N. nigromarginata had a consistent length of 659 bp, and both biased toward A and T nucleotides (N. annulatispina: 26.0% A, 21.3 C, 18.6% G and 34.1% T; N. nigromarginata: 26.3% A, 21.7 C, 18.1% G and 34.0% T). The genetic distances were calculated for the 16 sequenced specimens (Table 2). In our study, pairwise distances of the two Neoperla species were 2.0–2.8%; with an average of 2.3%, slightly higher than 2% threshold considered for a rough differentiation between intraspecific and interspecific distances (Hebert et al. 2003; Zhou et al. 2009). The minimum and average interspecific sequence divergences of the two species are higher than the maximum intraspecific sequence divergences (0.6–1.1%) without overlap (Table 2). In the Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree (Fig. 3), male and female specimens of N. annulatispina are grouped in the same clade, separated from the clade of male and females of N. nigromarginata. The combination of morphology and molecular data suggest that N. annulatispina is a new species to science.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E03677FFA46F10FF5BFF59DCDFF84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Wang, Ying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Wang, Ying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China. Zootaxa 5040 (2): 195-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.2.2
03E03677FFA36F15FF5BF8CCD9A4F9F1.text	03E03677FFA36F15FF5BF8CCD9A4F9F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla chebalinga Chen & Du 2016	<div><p>Neoperla chebalinga Chen &amp; Du, 2016</p> <p>(Figs. 4–5)</p> <p>Neoperla chebalinga Chen &amp; Du, 2016: 104. Material examined. 4 males and 1 female (CAU), China: Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.730001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.26/lat 24.730001)">Xiba</a>, N 24°43’48”, E 114°15’36’’, 360 m, 2016. V.2, light trap, Luo, Liu, Xun &amp; Zhao; 1 male and 1 female (HIST), Guangxi, Guilin City, Xing’an County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Maoershan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Grand Canyon</a>, N 25°51’ 27’’, E 110°28’0”, 523 m, 2020. VI.20, light trap, Mo, Lai et al.; 1 male and 1 female (HIST), Guangxi, Guilin City, Multinational Autonomous County of Longsheng, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.91167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.626945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.91167/lat 25.626945)">Huaping National Nature Reserve</a>, N 25°37’ 37’’, E 109°54’42”, 731.6m, 2020. VI.17, light trap, Mo, Lai et al.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. China: Guangdong and Guangxi, Chebaling, Maoershan and Huaping National Nature Reserves of the Nanling Mountains (Fig. 15). The light trap in the Maoershan was set up by a small river with granite boulders. The stream flows in a narrow valley of coniferous forest. The river was at low water condition during the summer. The light trap in Huaping was set up by a fast flowing, large, permanent river, having substrate mixed of pebbles and rocks, and flowing in a wide valley with coniferous forest. We have no information about the exact habitat in Chebaling.</p> <p>Remarks. The head pattern, terminalia, and the aedeagus of our specimens agree well with figures provided by Chen &amp; Du (2016). They slightly differ by subgenital plate of the female moderately sclerotized, wider basally, and truncated distally, and males with tergum 6 having a few sensilla basiconica arranged medially. The present study is the first record of this species for Guangxi. The illustrations provided here are from topotypes to facilitate identification of this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E03677FFA36F15FF5BF8CCD9A4F9F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Wang, Ying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Wang, Ying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China. Zootaxa 5040 (2): 195-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.2.2
03E03677FFA16F19FF5BF9D3D944FE5E.text	03E03677FFA16F19FF5BF9D3D944FE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla leigongshana Du & Wang 2007	<div><p>Neoperla leigongshana Du &amp; Wang, 2007</p> <p>(Figs. 6–8)</p> <p>Neoperla leigongshana Du &amp; Wang, 2007: 87; Li, Wang &amp; Lu, 2011: 57; Yang &amp; Li, 2018: 41.</p> <p>Material examined. 1 male (HIST), China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Guilin City</a>, Xing’an County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Maoershan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Grand Canyon</a>, N 25°51’ 27’’, E 110°28’0”, 523 m, 2020. VI.20, light trap, Mo, Lai et al.; 1 male (HIST), Guangxi, Guilin City, Multinational Autonomous County of Longsheng, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.91167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.626945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.91167/lat 25.626945)">Huaping National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.91167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.626945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.91167/lat 25.626945)">Cujiang Station</a>, N 25°37’37’’, E 109°54’42’’, 732 m, 2020.VII.26, Malaise trap, Tan; 1 male (HIST), 2020. V.18, same locality and collector as above; 1 male (HIST), Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Yizhang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.980001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.91/lat 24.980001)">Mangshan National Forest</a> Park, N 24°58’48”, E 112°54’36”, 643–1769 m, 2020.IX.5, Mo.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. China: Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan, widespread in southern China (Fig. 15). The locality in the Maoershan is the same as for N. chebalinga. The Malaise trap in Huaping, Cujiang Station was set up in a forest, and the insects may have come from nearby forest stream or brook or from a great distance. The Mangshan locality is a small brook with stony substrate, flowing in wet coniferous forest.</p> <p>Remarks. This species was originally described from Guizhou Province (Du &amp; Wang 2007), and is first record- ed from Guangxi and Hunan provinces in the present study. The color pattern, terminalia and aedeagus of fresh male specimens agree with the type material in most characters (Du &amp; Wang 2007). However, the aedeagus of the specimen from Maoershan of Guangxi (Fig. 8) seems most similar to original illustrations in size of aedeagal spinules, while the aedeagal spinules of the specimen from Mangshan are smaller and shorter (Fig. 7). Our male specimens have a smaller posteromedial patch of sensilla basiconica on tergum 6, which can be regarded as intraspecific variation. We provide additional illustrations (Figs. 6–8) to aid in the recognition of this apparently widespread southern China species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E03677FFA16F19FF5BF9D3D944FE5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Wang, Ying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Wang, Ying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China. Zootaxa 5040 (2): 195-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.2.2
03E03677FFAD6F19FF5BFE78DB81FC4F.text	03E03677FFAD6F19FF5BFE78DB81FC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla maolanensis Yang & Yang 1993	<div><p>Neoperla maolanensis Yang &amp; Yang, 1993</p> <p>(Fig. 9–10)</p> <p>Neoperla maolanensis Yang &amp; Yang, 1993: 235; Du, Sivec &amp; He, 1999: 62; Du &amp; Sivec, 2005: 49; Yang &amp; Li, 2018: 41; Mo, Liu, Li &amp; Shi, 2020a: 375.</p> <p>Material examined. 1 male (CAU), China: Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.730001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.26/lat 24.730001)">Xiba</a>, N 24°43’48”, E 114°15’36’’, 360 m, 2016.V.1, light trap, Luo, Liu, Xun &amp; Zhao.</p> <p>Distribution. China: Guangdong, Guizhou and Shaanxi, widespread in southern and central China (Fig. 15). The exact habitat in Guangdong is unknown.</p> <p>Remarks. The single male specimen of Neoperla maolanensis from Chebaling National Nature Reserve is a new record for Guangdong, agreeing well with the original description (see figs. 1 &amp; 2, Yang &amp; Yang 1993). We present herein the detailed illustrations for a better recognition of this species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E03677FFAD6F19FF5BFE78DB81FC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Wang, Ying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Wang, Ying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China. Zootaxa 5040 (2): 195-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.2.2
03E03677FFAD6F02FF5BFB89DC91F9CD.text	03E03677FFAD6F02FF5BFB89DC91F9CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla similidelphina Mo, Li & Muranyi 2021	<div><p>Neoperla similidelphina Mo, Li &amp; Murányi, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 11–14)</p> <p>Adult habitus (Fig. 11). Body color generally brown. Head pale, with a dark brown subtriangular spot on frons and a dark brown subtriangular ocellar patch; palpi brown; antennae generally brown, scape darker; biocellate, the distance between ocelli ca. 2.0 X as wide as the diameter of the ocellus; head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum pale brown and rectangular, with scattered, brown rugosities and dark midline; corners rounded. Wings brownish and transparent, veins brown; legs brown; cerci pale.</p> <p>Male (Figs. 11b–11d, 12). Forewing length ca. 12.3 mm. Tergum 7 with a trapezoidal posteromedial process covered with sensilla basiconica. Tergum 8 with an erect tongue-shaped process, fringed with small distal spines. Tergum 9 with two paramedial patches of long hairs. Hemitergal processes of tergum10 up-curved, finger-like. Aedeagus mostly membranous, hook-like (Fig. 12). Aedeagal tube mostly straight, only dorsal surface sclerotized; ventroapically with an erect, medially bifurcated Y-shaped lobe; arms of the lobe are without spines and as long as stalk of the lobe. Aedeagal sac slightly longer than tube, curved ventrally and forming an open loop, fully covered with brown spines, spines are larger but scarcer dorsoapically; apical part gradually tapering to a nipple-like tip.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 13). Forewing length ca. 14.5 mm. Habitus generally similar to male. Sternum 8 slightly sclerotized in most parts; posteromedial area strongly sclerotized, produced into a short but distinct subtriangular subgenital plate with a shallow posterior notch.</p> <p>Eggs (Fig. 14). Length 363–373 μm, width 213–215 μm (N=6). Elongate oval in shape with 78–82 outer striae connecting collar and lid; striae set closely with fine sulci between them. Hatching line inconspicuous. Micropyles sessile, dispersed between striae, set on subequatorial line. Collar and lid sessile without distinct flange, lid slightly wider than collar; both surrounded by two rows of regular follicle cell impressions (FCIs) at junction of striae and fully covered with fine punctations; anchor not studied.</p> <p>Type Material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Guilin City</a>, Xing’an County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Maoershan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.8575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 25.8575)">Grand Canyon</a>, N 25°51’ 27’’, E 110°28’0”, 523 m, 2020.VI.20, light trap, Mo, Lai et al. Paratype: 1 female (HIST), same locality and date as holotype.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the similarity to the closely related species, Neoperla delphina Li, Mo &amp; Wang, 2020.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. China: Guangxi, Maoershan National Nature Reserve (Fig. 15). The type locality is the same river in Maoershan where N. chebalinga was collected.</p> <p>Remarks. The new species is assigned to the Neoperla diehli subgroup of N. montivaga species group (Mo et al. 2020b, Zwick 1983, Zwick &amp; Sivec 1985). It is most similar to N. delphina Li Mo &amp; Wang, 2020 which is known from Guangxi. Both species share similarities in male terminalia and aedeagal structure. It may be separated from N. delphina by its head pattern lacking a distinct posterior notch, by the aedeagal tube having a straight Y-shaped lobe in lateral view, by the aedeagal sac being fully covered by tiny spines and with a nipple-shaped tip. In N. delphina, the head pattern has a triangular posterior notch; the apical half of Y-shaped lobe of aedeagal tube is strongly curved backward; the aedeagal sac is covered with tiny spinules only in the apical half, and in having a finger-like tip. The female subgenital plate of the new species is short and subtriangular with a small posteromedial notch, while in N. delphina, the female subgenital plate is longer, triangular, and with an obscure apical emargination.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E03677FFAD6F02FF5BFB89DC91F9CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Wang, Ying;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Wang, Ying, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new species and three new provincial records of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Nanling Mountains, China. Zootaxa 5040 (2): 195-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.2.2
