taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E187940F197250CF7AFE58FB98FDC1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Eomys zitteli Schlosser, 1884.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F177244CEB0FF75FF1CFD00.taxon	description	TEETH SIZE. — At a first approach of the material, species can be differentiated on size. We first describe the species characterized by small sized teeth found in Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C, F and Montalban, the size of which also corresponds to that of the smaller sized German species. Measurements for Saint-Martin-de- Castillon levels and Montalban are given in Tables 4 - 6 and Figure 7. Th is species is clearly differentiated by its size compared to the very small sized species found in La Blache and the medium-sized species found in Saint- Martin-de-Castillon J and E. DESCRIPTION P 4 The general morphology is similar to that of the German material, but some differences can be observed on the labial anteroloph development. The labial anteroloph is generally absent or weakly developed, more rarely well developed. Th e lingual anteroloph is not clearly developed, usually limited to a weak fold of the enamel suggesting the formation of a crest. The mesoloph has a noticeable variability, it can be absent, weak or short. When short, the mesoloph can be perpendicular to the axis of the tooth or oblique to the front of the tooth. Th ree teeth in Saint-Martinde-Castillon present a discontinuous mesoloph. The rest of the teeth have the same type of morphological variability as in the German material. The entoloph is usually continuous, but can sometimes be broken between the mesoloph and the protocone or between the mesoloph and the hypocone. M 1 / 2 On the anterior part of the tooth the labial anteroloph is long, starting at the base of the protoloph. Few teeth have a lingual anteroloph, but when present it can be either weakly or clearly developed. Some rare teeth can have the two anterolophs disconnected from the protoloph. Th e mesoloph is generally short and curved backward, but on some teeth it can be oblique to the front of the tooth. The mesoloph can also be weak, absent, or long and interrupted in some rare cases at Saint-Martin-de-Castillon. Abbreviations: N, number of teeth; Min, minimal value; Max, maximal value; Mean, mean value; SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of variation. Some teeth clearly present two mesolophs (Appendix Fig. A 2 - I). As for the P 4, the entoloph is usually continuous, but can sometimes be broken between the mesoloph and the protocone or between the mesoloph and the hypocone, or even both at the same time, leading to an isolated mesoloph (Appendix Fig. A 2 - Rare morphologies). One tooth in Saint-Martin-de-Castillon has a paracone disconnected from the entoloph (Appendix Fig. A 2 - Rare morphologies). M 3 The general shape of the tooth is triangular round- ed, its posterior part is generally larger than in the German material. Th e anterior part of the tooth has little morphological variability. The labial anteroloph is always long, starting from the base of the paraloph. A short and weaklydeveloped lingual anteroloph can be observed on some teeth. The morphology generally has a higher variability on the posterior part around the metaloph. The metaloph is usually completely developed, reaching the labial border, but it can also be short or absent. A forward crest (mesoloph) can start from the metaloph. It can be short or reaching the labial border of the tooth, and in some rare cases connected to the protoloph (Appendix Fig. A 3 - Rare morphologies). A backward crest can also appear, linking the metaloph and the posteroloph. p 4 The general morphology is similar to that of the material from the German localities but some slight differences can be observed in the variability. The anterior part is always divided into two conids. Most of the time they are linked by a transverse crest, but they can also be almost joining each other or both linked backward on the ectolophid, but are never clearly separated. An anteroconid, connected to the protoconid, can sometimes be observed and for one tooth this cusp takes the shape of a real anterolophid (one case observed in Montalban). The mesolophid is generally short but with a noticeable variability, it can be absent, weak or reaching the lingual border. In some rare cases, the mesolophid can be directly connected to the metaconid by a fore-spur (one case observed in Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C). In the posterior part, the posterolophid is often weakly developed, closely positioned to the hypolophid, delimiting a narrow posterosinus, but it can also be well developed. Some teeth do not show a posterolophid. The ectolophid is generally continuous but some teeth have a disconnection between the protoconid and the mesolophid (Fig. 5 K). m 1 / 2 In the anterior part of the tooth, the labial and lingual anterolophids are generally both well developed, but the labial one can sometimes be shorter or even absent. When the labial anterolophid is strongly developed, the sinus between it and the protoconid can be very wide leading to a round shape of the anterolophid that is clearly observable in the tooth outline. Th e protoconid is generally oriented forward (Fig. 5 N-P). The anterolophids are usually connected to the protoconid but the connection can sometimes be more lingual, being connected to the metalophid, and sometimes disconnected, leading to an isolated anterior crest. The mesolophid has little variability, generally of average size, very rarely weak (Fig. 5 O) or absent. Th e ectolophid can sometimes be interrupted leading to an isolated mesolophid in the middle of the tooth. Th e posterolophid is always present even if sometimes reduced to a spur. m 3 As for the m 1 / 2, the labial and lingual anterolophids are generally both well developed with some variability in their connection that can be with the protoconid or with the metalophid. The anterolophids can also very often be disconnected, leading so to an isolated fore-crest. The mesolophid is always well developed, of medium size or long, reaching the lingual side of the tooth in most cases. Th e ectolophid is usually continuous, but it can be broken between the mesolophid and the hypoconid. The entoconid is generally weakly developed, matching the thickness of the posterior crest on its lingual part, but rarely absent. On some rare teeth, a longitudinal spur can appear between the posterolophid and the mesolophid, starting from the mesolophid or from the posterolophid. Th is spur can be weakly developed or well-developed linking the mesolophid and the posterolophid (Appendix Fig. A 6 - IV). DP 4 and dp 4 Some teeth have been found in the French and Spanish localities that have the same morphology as in Möhren 13 and 20. CONCLUSION ON THE EOMYS AFF. E. ANTIQUUS FRENCH AND SPANISH MATERIAL For Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C and F eomyids seem to belong to a single population not very different of that of the slightly older locality at Montalban. Considering that morphological variability beyond the type specimen (from Ronzon MP 21) is unknown, the specimens from Montalban (MP 23) and Saint- Martin-de-Castillon (MP 24) are here mainly compared with the specimens from Germany (Möhren 13 and 20, MP 21). Some significant morphological differences can be observed, such as: – an isolated labial anteroloph in P 4 in Germany (not in France or Spain), the labial anteroloph of P 4 is less developed on French and Spanish material and the mesoloph more frequently developed on French material (Appendix Fig. A 1 - III); – on M 1 - 2, 3 - 6 % of the French teeth show a long interrupted mesoloph that is never seen on German and Spanish material (Appendix Fig. A 2 - I); – the absence of metaloph in M 3 in Germany (not in France or Spain); the metaloph and the mesoloph of M 3 are more developed on French specimens (Appendix Fig. A 3); – in German material, a clearly divided anteroconid exists on p 4, (not in France or Spain) the connection between the metaconid and the protoconid is rare whereas it is more common in French and Spanish material and the mesolophid seems shorter in German localities (Appendix Fig. A 4); – long mesolophids never exist on m 1 - 2 (Appendix Fig. A 5); – the mesolophid is more developed on m 3 in French and Spanish specimens (Appendix Fig. A 6). Concerning the size of teeth (Fig. 7), a comparison between these localities has been made using the Mann-Whitney test. Th is non-parametric test has been chosen because the discrepancy in the number of specimens between the localities does not allow us to check if the values in each sample are normally distributed. Th e results (see Table 7) confirm the size similarity between Möhren 20 and 13, but also the close size relationship between Saint-Martin-de- Castillon C and F. However a significant difference is observed on the length of the m 1 / 2 between the two levels of Saint-Martin-de-Castillon, the teeth of the upper level, Saint-Martin-de-Castillon F, being larger. Concerning Montalban, the results are more diffi cult to interpret because of the generally low number of specimens, likely to affect the result of the test. Montalban presents generally few significant differences with both the German and French localities. However the M 1 / 2 seem to be shorter than the specimens from both Germany and France which might indicate a geographical differentiation. For the remaining teeth, the size in Montalban appears to be intermediate between the German and French localities. The comparison of Möhren 13 with Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C (both with an important number of specimens) indicates a clear difference in the size on the premolars (the German ones being significantly smaller) and also in the width of M 3 and m 1 / 2, which is in accordance with the observations made of the morphology. Th ese results indicate a faint size enlargement over time which is not always the case in later eomyids. Considering that the localities from Southern Germany are probably much older (more or less 3 Ma) than the French and Spanish localities studied, the differences observed above are likely the result of morphological evolution that more strongly affect the teeth at the extremities of the tooth row. The size and morphology of the type material of E. antiquus (2 m 1 / 2: 0.85 × 0,85 mm; 0.96 × 0.95 mm) are indeed included in the variability described for Montalban and Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C and F. For this reason the populations of the French and Spanish localities are attributed to Eomys aff. E. antiquus.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F177244CEB0FF75FF1CFD00.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION The general morphology described above for the German, French and Spanish small-sized species is characterized by very brachyodont teeth with a bunodont tooth topology based on four main cusps. The longitudinal crest, rarely interrupted, is more or less lingually-located on upper premolars and molars, and labially-located on lower premolars and molars leading to very long transverse crests (protoloph and metaloph for upper teeth and metalophid and hypolophid for lower teeth) beyond the middle axis of the teeth. The single mandible found in the type locality does not allow us to address the question of the morphological evolution of E. antiquus mandible between MP 21 and MP 24. However the significant number of teeth found in Möhren 13, Möhren 20 and Saint-Martin-de-Castillon (mainly the level C) allows a more precise morphological comparison in order to characterize such a potential evolution. Indeed, the comparisons show, at first, a very similar morphology, but also point out some differences mainly on premolars and third molars, whereas first and second molars are almost identical. Among the small Eomys forms known from the Early Oligocene, the particular morphologies described from Lovagny (MP 23) by Engesser (1990) can be found in Möhren 13 as well as in Montalban or Saint- Martin-de-Castillon C and, in our opinion, the teeth of Lovagny can be included in E. antiquus. From the Early / late Oligocene transition (MP 25 level), the material of Bumbach 1 (MP 25: Engesser 1990) has been compared (on cast) with the German and French material. It appears that the morphological features of E. nov. sp. 2 are included in the morphological variability of E. antiquus from the new material of Germany. However, the upper teeth seem to show long mesolophs more frequently. Eomys molassicus Engesser, 1987 is a later form (Oensingen, MP 26) characterized by its slightly larger size, its very brachyodont teeth with long mesolophs / mesolophids and well-developed anterolophs / anterolophids. Also a noticeable peculiarity of the E. molassicus mandible, besides its high ramus horizontalis, is the very large and a little furrowed enamel band on the labial side of its incisor (Engesser 1987: fig. 5 d and cast). In our opinion, based on what we know now on the potential morphological variability of species for the genus Eomys, E. nov. sp. 2 could be either related to E. antiquus or to E. molassicus. It is worth noting that in the MP 26 level, two clearly different lineages are present: a very brachyodont one, E. molassicus and another with incipient mesodonty, Eomys zitteli known in Mas-de-Pauffié. Their relationships with E. antiquus are not clear at the time.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0D7246CCE6FD7EFDF5FC03.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Belgarric (Quercy, France). OTHER STUDIED LOCALITY. — La Blache (France).	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0D7246CCE6FD7EFDF5FC03.taxon	description	TEETH SIZE. — Eomys minor was described by Comte & Vianey-Liaud (1987; error as E. minus) as the smallest eomyid known in the Early Oligocene of Europe. It is indeed a very small species, but it would be actually difficult to separate this species from E. antiquus solely based on size. Belgarric – m 1 / 2: 0.87 × 0.72 mm; 0.83 × 0.73 mm. La Blache – M 1 / 2: 0.78 × 0.80 mm; M 3: 0.74 × 0.83 mm; p 4: 0.79 × 0.70 mm; m 1 / 2: 0.88 × 0.89 mm; 0.91 × 0.80 mm. DESCRIPTION The teeth are brachyodont but the tubercles seem to be proportionally high. M 1 / 2 The rather worn tooth presents a very simple morphology, with massive cusps fused into two transverse and separated crests, no entoloph and no mesoloph. The protocone is directed obliquely backward. M 3 As for the M 1 / 2 the cusps are massive. There are four transverse crests; the labial anteroloph is long and joins an anterocone. Th e entoloph is very thin without mesoloph. Th e posteroloph is long and disconnected from the hypocone at its base. Protocone and hypocone are directed obliquely backward. p 4 As for the other teeth, the morphology is simple; the low ectolophid is very thin, without mesolophid. Th e anterior part is clearly divided into two cusps. Th e posterolophid is weakly developed and represented by a spur on the posterior part of the tooth. m 1 / 2 The two teeth from Belgarric and the two teeth from La Blache have a very similar morphology, with massive cusps and very simple bunodont morphology. Th e two teeth from Belgarric have no mesolophid and a weakly-developed posterolophid reduced to a spur. One of the two teeth from La Blache has exactly the same morphology whereas the other one is slightly different with no ectolophid and a short spur connected to the hypoconid that could be interpreted as a very weakly-developed mesoconid. On this tooth, the posterolophid is short but clearly more developed than a spur and the anterior root is not completely bifurcated as it is the case for E. antiquus. As in the material from Belgarric, a long anterolophid exists but, as the teeth are unworn, is not connected to the protoconid. Mandible It is noteworthy that a second mandible without teeth found in Belgarric is also clearly different from the mandibles of E. antiquus from Möhren 13, 20 and Ronzon. Th e diastema is flat, almost not curved, the ascending coronoid ramus is weakly slant, hiding only the third molar and all the masseter insertions are weakly marked.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0D7246CCE6FD7EFDF5FC03.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION The size of this species seems to be smaller than E. antiquus but teeth are close to the smallest E. antiquus teeth. Th e measurements, taken directly on the type material (USTL BEL 470) for this study, indicated that part of the values given by Comte & Vianey-Liaud (1987) were underestimated and that the width of the teeth is not clearly smaller than for E. antiquus of Southern Germany (E. minor, m 1: 0.87 × 0.72 mm, m 2: 0.83 × 0.73 mm; E. antiquus Ronzon, m 1: 0.85 × 0.85 mm, m 2: 0.96 × 0.95 mm). However the diagnosis is still valid as the morphology of E. minor can easily be differentiated from that of E. antiquus: the longitudinal crest, often interrupted and centrallylocated on both upper and lower teeth leading to short connections between the cusps; the latter also present a massive morphology, the mesoloph (id) s are absent and the posterolophid is generally short or reduced to a posterior spur. Based on these features, the teeth from La Blache can undoubtedly be attributed to E. minor and the fact that, in this locality, only this species is present confirms that E. minor is a valid species and not simply the smallest individuals of an E. antiquus population. In the locality Bumbach 1, Engesser (1990) also described a minute P 4 (0.58 × 0.64 mm; but a little corroded) as Eomys nov. sp. 3. A single tooth is difficult to assign; it seems unlikely that it could be a P 3, such teeth being known in the late Eocene Symplokeomys Emry, Wang, Tjutkova & Lucas, 1997 but it is of interest to notice that the age of Bumbach 1 is equivalent to the Quercy level Belgarric (MP 25) where Comte & Vianey- Liaud (1987) described Eomys minor. A further comparison of the material would probably decide if Eomys nov. sp. 3 from Bumbach 1 can be related to E. minor. Anyhow the presence of E. minor in at least two localities supports the assumption that E. minor represents an independent lineage as early as the MP 24 / 25 Oligocene.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0F7240CCD7FC7DFD76FBE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Quercy (old collections; France). OTHER STUDIED LOCALITIES. — Saint-Martin-de-Castillon J and E (France).	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0F7240CCD7FC7DFD76FBE5.taxon	description	TEETH SIZE. — Th e teeth from Saint-Martin-de-Castillon E and J can be first separated from the teeth from Saint- Martin-de-Castillon C and F, based on their larger size. Also a detailed study points out to clear morphological differences. Neotype of Eomys zitteli (mandible) – p 4: 1.10 × 0.97 mm; m 1 / 2: 1.15 × 1.11 mm; 1.13 × 1.15 mm; m 3: 1.00 × 0.98 mm. Measurements for the specimens from Saint-Martin-de- Castillon levels are given in Tables 8; 9 and Figure 7. DESCRIPTION DP 4 and P 4 Its anteroloph is frequently double, the lingual part being developed, which is rarely the case in other Eomys species; double anterolophs are also frequent on E. zitteli P 4 from Mas-de-Pauffié, DP 4 being unknown in this locality. M 1 / 2 The general morphology is similar to the teeth from the other levels of Saint-Martin-de-Castillon, but some slight differences can be noted with respect to the variation. Th e mesoloph is always well developed as opposed to the teeth from Saint-Martin-de-Castillon F and C where it can be very short or even absent. Some teeth also present a clear division of the mesoloph. Th e shape of the protocone is often elongated and oblique and the teeth are generally proportionally wider than in Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C and F. Dp 4 and p 4 The shape of the teeth is more elongated in its anterior part than in Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C and F. m 1 / 2 No significant differences can be observed on the morphological features, but some differences can be observed on the shape, the teeth being proportionally wider. Th e metalophid is often curved and connected forward on the ectolophid, whereas it is straighter in other levels. In lateral view, no difference can be observed on the height of the crown, but on lingual side the metaconid often presents a bridge merging with median cingulum. This type of morphology is usually absent or weakly marked in Saint-Martinde-Castillon C and F (Fig. 8). In anterior view the cuspids on labial part of the teeth are generally more developed than on the lingual part. M 3 and m 3 Few specimens have been found and no significant differences can be observed either on morphological variability or on tooth shape. Mandible A fragmented mandible found in Saint-Martin-de- Castillon E also has a morphology very different from that of Eomys antiquus, with a very deep diastema and a mental foramen located just anterior to p 4 (Fig. 4 C). It compares more closely with the mandible of the neotype of E. zitteli (Engesser 1990). 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1) mm 1.0 1.0 (Width 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Length (mm) between French and Spanish localities The sizes of the teeth from	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0F7240CCD7FC7DFD76FBE5.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION The comparison of the material of Eomys from the four different levels of Saint-Martin-de-Castillon provides some morphological differences in the teeth but also some differences in the shape of the mandible (Figs 4; 8). The eomyids from Saint-Martin-de-Castillon E and J are stratigraphically older than those of Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C and F, Saint-Martinde-Castillon E being situated on the same section as Saint-Martin-de-Castillon C, about 10 m below. The size of the teeth from Saint-Martin-de-Castillon E and J that is larger than most of the teeth from Saint-Martin C and F and some characteristics (less “ squared ” teeth, mandible) suggest that E. aff. E. antiquus from the younger levels has no relationship with this form. The comparison with the neotype of E. zitteli leads to relate the two populations from Saint-Martin-de-Castillon E and J to E. zitteli. However, because these two localities are older than the localities where E. zitteli was hitherto recognized (Mas-de-Pauffié, Quercy, MP 26) and because the size, though equivalent to that of Mas-de-Pauffié (Comte & Vianey-Liaud 1989) is a little smaller than that of the neotype, we propose E. aff. E. zitteli for Saint-Martin-de-Castillon E and J. The relationships with the older and larger Eomys sp. from Germany are unclear and the Saint-Martinde-Castillon E and J form is likely an immigrant.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0B7243CC83FA47FC87F92B.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. — Left M 1 (BSO 1975 XXII 858), Fig. 9 E; right? P 4? M 1 / 2 (BSP 1975 XXII 857), Fig. 9 F; right M 2 (BSP 1975 XXII 853), Fig. 9 G. LOCALITY. — Möhren 20 (Germany); Early Oligocene (MP 21).	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0B7243CC83FA47FC87F92B.taxon	description	TEETH SIZE. — Measurements are given in Table 11. DESCRIPTION General characteristics: large buno-lophodont Eomyidae with longitudinally elongated paracone and metacone opposed to rounded lingual tubercles; long mesoloph fused with the paracone, entoloph more or less interrupted behind the mesoloph; synclinal I very long on M 2. Two teeth present a clearly unknown morphology. The large right M 2 is clearly wider than long and conspicuously reduced posteriorly. The crests are massive and cusps weakly developed; the difference on cusps development between labial and lingual part is weaker than in other Bavarian eomyids. Paracone and metacone are stretched longitudinally and the paracone is fused with the labial extremity of the mesoloph. Protocone and hypocone are rounded lingually and hollowed on their labial face. Th e sinus reaches the middle of the tooth and is slightly oblique antero-labially. The labial anteroloph is very long, starting directly on the anterior arm of the protocone with a right angle, so that syncline I extends over about two thirds of the tooth. Protoloph and mesoloph are roughly parallel and have the same length as anteroloph so that synclines I and II are equal in length. In relationship with the long sinus, syncline III is shorter and opens labially. Th e metaloph, slightly oblique, joins the anterior arm of the hypocone, which is a little antero-labially orientated. Th e posteroloph is well developed and, with wear, joins the metacone and the posterior arm of the hypocone and, with further wear, its lingual part. Syncline IV is a little shorter than the anterior synclines. The entoloph is faintly interrupted behind the mesoloph. The two other teeth display some variations; they are more quadrate with round angles. – The pattern of the left M 1 is very similar to that of the M 2 but the anteroloph is shorter and joins the elongated anterior arm of the protocone with a right angle. The sinus is wider and reaches the middle of the occlusal surface and the synclines are shorter, synclines II and IV being the longest; – A damaged and worn right tooth possibly a P 4 (or M 1 / 2) shows a disorganized pattern. The protoloph is transverse but the metaloph is interrupted, its labial part bending to the posteroloph. The mesoloph is not obvious but seems interrupted, partly parallel to the protoloph and fused with the paracone. Th e entoloph is interrupted behind the mesoloph.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
03E187940F0B7243CC83FA47FC87F92B.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION The two teeth found in Möhren 20 display a mixture of morphological features known in Eomys from Early Oligocene with features that were previously known only since the late Oligocene. Some features are close to Eomys such as: the brachyodont and bunodont teeth with the rounded lingual tubercles and transverse crests joining the anterior part of the protocone and hypocone. Long mesolophs are known only in more recent Eomys. Other features are observed for the first time in the Early Oligocene, the buno-lophodont pattern with elongated paracone and metacone more or less fused within the transverse crests, the long synclines resemble Pseudotheridomys Schlosser, 1926. However the connection of the protoloph with the anterior part of the protocone indicates without doubt that the teeth do not belong to Pseudotheridomys where the protoloph always joins the posterior part of the protocone; it is also generally the case for Eomyodon Engesser, 1987 where the protocone is compressed and obliquely directed antero-labially and where the interruption of the entoloph takes place before the mesoloph. Th e greater similarity is with the genus Asianeomys Wu, Meng, Ye & Ni, 2006 from the late Oligocene / Early Miocene of China (Wu et al. 2006) and especially with A. fahlbuschi Wu, Meng, Ye & Ni, 2006, with its long mesolophs fused with the paracone. Asianeomys fahlbuschi is however smaller, also some clear difference can also be observed as the mesoloph connects directly to the protocone. It is noteworthy that, unfortunately, no lower molars with correspondant morphology are associated with the upper ones in Möhren 20. However, we know from Asianeomys that the upper and lower molars of eomyids can present a completely different pattern. Consequently we can hypothesize that the lower molars of this taxon could present a pattern more similar to Eomys, making it difficult to differentiate from the previously described Eomys sp. Considering the little material known from Möhren 20 and the clear differences of upper molars with all the eomyids genera known up to now, we propose here that this taxon is a new genus of Eomyidae and we let the nomenclature open until the discovery of new material in this locality or another.	en	Maridet, Olivier, Hugueney, Marguerite, Heissig, Kurt (2010): New data about the diversity of Early Oligocene eomyids (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Western Europe. Geodiversitas 32 (2): 221-254, DOI: 10.5252/g2010n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2010n2a3
