identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E187E6FFE09F4457C4627EFD39F931.text	03E187E6FFE09F4457C4627EFD39F931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paecilaema C. L. Koch 1839	<div><p>Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839b</p><p>Paecilaema C.L. Koch 1839b: 21; C.L. Koch 1840: 107 (combined); Roewer 1917: 101; Roewer 1923: 364; Roewer 1925: 5;</p><p>Roewer 1928: 595; Roewer 1933: 288; Mello-Leitão 1932: 79; Mello-Leitão 1933: 107; Mello-Leitão 1940: 304; Kästner</p><p>1937: 387; Caporiacco 1951: 17; Ringuelet 1959: 426; Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1953: 54 (part.); Goodnight &amp; Goodnight</p><p>1973: 94; Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1977: 162; Rambla 1978b: 7; González-Sponga 1991: 196; González-Sponga 1992:</p><p>329; Kury 2003: 74 (part.); Kury &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga 2011: 51. Paecilima [subsequent incorrect spelling] C.L. Koch 1839a: 104, captions figs 584–585 (combined). Poecilaema [subsequent incorrect spelling] Agassiz 1846: 11; Roewer 1912: 87; Roewer 1915: 124; Mello-Leitão 1935a: 374;</p><p>Mello-Leitão 1937: 289; Mello-Leitão 1942b: 6. Poecilaema [subsequent incorrect spelling] Simon 1879: 191; Simon 1880: 102; Pickard-Cambridge 1905: 570. Poecilima [subsequent incorrect spelling] Canestrini 1888: 106. Poecilaema [subsequent incorrect spelling] Mello-Leitão 1923: 113. Poeciloema [subsequent incorrect spelling] Mello-Leitão 1926: 334. Poecilaema [subsequent incorrect spelling] Sørensen in Henriksen 1932: 328.</p><p>Etymology. Paecilaema from Greek πoικίλoς (spotted, pied, dappled) + εἷµα, ατoς (garment). Gender neuter.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small cosmetids (4 mm of body length) with slender, straight and unarmed legs (Figs 1 and 2). DS outline beta-type with constrictions slightly marked (Fig. 10A). Scutal area III with a pair of spines (Figs 1, 2, 7, 10B, except for P. muticum: Fig 10C). Carapace flat and abdomen more or less convex in lateral view (Figs 9C, 10B). Chelicerae monomorphic, basichelicerite with tubercles mostly in proximal part as a transversal row, cheliceral hand armed with equal sized teeth in movable and fixed fingers (Figs 10, 12A,B). VP of the penis (Figs 12 F-G) subrectangular with distal border straight. From distal to proximal part the macrosetae are: MS C1-C2, MS D1-D2 and MS A1. MS C1-C2 large, contrasting with the smaller size of other MS; MS D2 minute. Microsetae of ventral side of VP absent or much reduced –at least for P. melanacanthum (Ferreira, Pedroso &amp; Kury, 2005) and P. u-flavum –, like in Cosmetus and Flirtea, although this character is very plastic in Cosmetidae . In Cynorta there are two patches of T4 with a median field of T1 (Kury 2016).</p><p>Comparisons. Closest to Cosmetus, Cynorta and Metavononoides by (1) dorsal scutum with a backbone of isolated round dots and (2) macrosetae A much reduced in size and in number (to only one pair). Closest to Metavononoides by (1) having the first part of a true lyra (the inner outline), that is, solid circular spots coloring large granules (solid punctulations), defining a fenestra magna (Figs 4–6), (2) dots of backbone small (as opposed to large in Cosmetus and Cynorta; except for P. ornatissimum Mello-Leitão, 1942). It differs from Metavononoides by (1) anal operculum sexually dimorphic (in male Paecilaema armed with two or three highlighted tubercles larger than the surrounding granules; Figs 6 E–F, 9B–D, 10A–C, except for P. albisectum (Mello-Leitão, 1942), P.</p><p>ornatissimum), (2) a complete lyra with a diaphanous body formed by different shades of white/pale-yellow which define the other fenestrae (see Figs 5 A-C contrasting with Figs 5 D-F, 6), and (3) higher tarsal counts on posterior legs, leg III: 7–9, leg IV: 7–10 (both legs 6–7 in Metavononoides).</p><p>Type species. Cosmetus u-flavum Perty, 1833, by subsequent designation of Pickard-Cambridge (1905).</p><p>Included species according to the present diagnosis. Besides the type species, the following nine species currently in Metavononoides should be transferred to Paecilaema:</p><p>1) Paecilaema albisectum (Mello-Leitão, 1942) comb. rest. (Fig. 5 F)</p><p>Paecilaemula albisecta Mello-Leitão 1942a: 159, fig. 1.</p><p>Paecilaema albisectum: Soares &amp; Soares 1987: 2, figs 10–12.</p><p>Metavononoides albisectus: Kury 2003: 71 .</p><p>2) Paecilaema albosigillatum (Mello-Leitão 1941) comb. nov. (Fig. 5 E)</p><p>Poecilaemula albosigillata Mello-Leitão 1941: 436 .</p><p>Metavononoides albosigillatus: Kury 2003: 71 .</p><p>3) Paecilaema lyra Sørensen, 1932 nom. rest. (Fig. 6F)</p><p>Poecilaema lyra Sørensen in Henriksen 1932: 334, fig. 23; Mello-Leitão 1935b: 115 [junior subjective synonymy of Paecilaemula bella Mello-Leitão, 1932 by Kury (2003a); synonymy disclaimed herein].</p><p>4) Paecilaema melanacanthum (Ferreira, Pedroso &amp; Kury, 2005) comb. nov. (Figs 2 A-C, 6D)</p><p>Metavononoides melanacanthus Ferreira, Pedroso &amp; Kury 2005: 46, figs 1–8.</p><p>5) Paecilaema muticum Sørensen, 1932 comb. rest., nom. rest. (Fig. 6C)</p><p>Poecilaema muticum Sørensen in Henriksen 1932: 329 [junior subjective synonymy of Paecilaemula bella Mello-Leitão, 1932 by Kury (2003a); synonymy disclaimed herein].</p><p>6) Paecilaema ornatissimum Mello-Leitão, 1942 nom. rest. (Fig. 5 D)</p><p>Poecilaema ornatissimum Mello-Leitão 1942b: 6 fig. 3 [junior subjective synonym of Eucynorta brasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 by B. Soares (1944a); junior subjective synonym of Paecilaemula preciosa Roewer, 1928 by Kury (2003a); synonymy disclaimed here].</p><p>7) Paecilaema peculiare (Roewer, 1917) comb. nov. (Figs 2 D-F, 6A)</p><p>Poecilaemula peculiare Roewer 1917: 104, fig. 11.</p><p>Paecilaemula peculiaris: Roewer 1923: 375, fig. 456; Roewer 1928: 605; Mello-Leitão 1932: 66, fig. 32. Poecilaemula peculiaris: Henriksen 1932: 336 .</p><p>Metavononoides peculiaris: Kury 2003: 71 .</p><p>8) Paecilaema preciosum (Roewer, 1928) comb. nov. (Fig. 6B)</p><p>Paecilaemula preciosa Roewer 1928: 606, fig. 4; Mello-Leitão 1932: 65, fig. 31.</p><p>Metavononoides preciosus: Kury 2003: 71 .</p><p>9) Paecilaema renneri (Ferreira, Pedroso &amp; Kury 2007) comb. nov. (Figs 2 G-H, 6E)</p><p>Metavononoides renneri Ferreira, Pedroso &amp; Kury 2007: 231, figs 1–6.</p><p>In contrast with P. u-flavum, none of them is given detailed taxonomic treatment here (not even a complete list of synonyms), rather they will be dealt with in later works. Numerous specimens that fit in the current diagnosis of Paecilaema are being examined in an ongoing project.</p><p>Other species formally included. Discounting the species transferred to the six revalidated genera below, there are still around 100 official Paecilaema . A complete list may be found in Kury’s (2003) catalogue under the heading Paecilaema . A case-by-case examination will be needed to determine the precise generic allocation of each one. A more recently described species of Paecilaema – P. batman Pinto-da-Rocha &amp; Yamaguti, 2013– has been transferred to Flirtea by Kury &amp; García (2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFE09F4457C4627EFD39F931	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFE69F4457C46362FA4AF839.text	03E187E6FFE69F4457C46362FA4AF839.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paecilaema C. L. Koch 1839	<div><p>Key to the nine species confirmed in Paecilaema</p><p>1. Outline of the U blot made of solid punctulations entirely fused along the outline; FT semicircular (Figs 5 B–C).......... 2</p><p>1’. Outline of the U blot made of isolated rounded blots; FT triangular (Figs 4, 5A, D–F, 6D–F).......................... 3</p><p>2. Scutal area III entirely unarmed; backbone formed by isolated round blots, sometimes much reduced; FM wide open, shaped like a Greek vase; diaphanous body very faint (Fig. 5C)............................................... P. muticum</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFE69F4457C46362FA4AF839	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFE59F5B57C4678CFB42FD79.text	03E187E6FFE59F5B57C4678CFB42FD79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paecilaema C. L. Koch 1839	<div><p>Paecilaema u-flavum (Perty, 1833)</p><p>(Figs 1, 4, 9–13)</p><p>Cosmetus U-flavum Perty 1833: 203; Lucas 1840: 48. Cosmetus u-flavum: Gervais 1844: 115 [“Cosmète u-fauve”]. Paecilima U-flavum: C.L. Koch 1839a: 104, pl. 246, fig. 584. Paecilaema U-flavum: C.L. Koch 1839b: 21; Roewer 1923: 373, fig. 453; Roewer 1928a: 597; Mello-Leitão 1932: 85, fig. 54. Poecilaema U-flavum: Simon 1879a: 193. Poecilima u-flavum: Canestrini 1888: 106, pl. 9, fig. 2. Poecilaema U-flavum: Roewer 1912: 99; Mello-Leitão 1923: 114. Paecilaema limbatum Kollar in C.L. Koch 1839b: 21; Kollar in C.L. Koch 1840: 107, pl. 247, fig. 585; Roewer 1923: 372, fig.</p><p>451 (tagged as incertae sedis); Roewer 1928: 605; Mello-Leitão 1932: 84, fig. 53. Syn. nov. Poecilaema limbatum: Simon 1879: 191 . Poecilaema limbatum: Roewer 1912: 89; Mello-Leitão 1923: 113; Strand 1926: 45. Eucynorta brasiliensis Mello-Leitão 1923: 111, fig. 3; Roewer 1928: 583, fig. 24; Mello-Leitão 1932: 64, fig. 29. Syn. nov. Poecilaemula brasiliensis: B. Soares 1944a: 264 (syn. = Poecilaemula punctilineata Mello-Leitão, 1935; = Poecilaema</p><p>ornatissimum Mello-Leitão, 1942); B. Soares 1944b: 312 (rectif. type-loc.); B. Soares 1945a: 227 (specim. catal.); B.</p><p>Soares 1946: 488 (specim. catal.). Paecilaemula brasiliensis: B. Soares 1944c: 145 (in part, material from ES, non Mello-Leitão, 1923 —misidentification). Metavononoides brasiliensis: Kury 2003: 71 . Paecilaemula bella Mello-Leitão 1932: 443, fig. suppl. 4. Syn. nov. Poecilaemula bella: B. Soares 1944a: 266; B. Soares 1945b: 344. Metavononoides bellus: Kury 2003: 71 . Poecilaema soerenseni Henriksen 1932: 332; Mello-Leitão 1935b: 115 [junior subjective synonymy of Paecilaemula bella</p><p>Mello-Leitão, 1932 by Kury (2003a)]. Syn. nov. Poecilaemula soesenseni: Mello-Leitão 1933: 110 .</p><p>Type data. Cosmetus u-flavum: type(s) (ZSM, lost), from BRAZIL, without further locality data. ♂ neotype (MNRJ 3433), Brazil, RJ, Duque de Caxias, Parque Natural Municipal da Taquara, 10.iv.2017, A.B. Kury, L. Ázara, M. Medrano leg.— Paecilaema limbatum: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ syntypes (NHMW), from BRAZIL, without further locality data (not examined).— Eucynorta brasiliensis: ♀ holotype (MZSP 457, examined), BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Piraí: Pinheiral.— Paecilaemula bella: 3 syntypes, only 1 ♀ remaining (MNRJ 1376, examined), BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.— P. bella: Rio de Janeiro: Jacarepaguá.— Paecilaema soerenseni: 4 ♂ 6 ♀ syntypes (ZMUC and BMNH, examined), from BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, [Itaocara, Fazenda] Serra Vermelha [misspelled by Sørensen, as “Serra Veruzella”] (21°44'S 42°01'W).</p><p>Qualifying conditions for the neotype designation. The ICZN Code Art. 75.3 establishes a list of seven particulars to be observed, plus the need for a statement of an exceptional need, all of which follow: The need for the designation of a neotype in this case is acute, because otherwise the most important genus in the family Cosmetidae is used in a loosely defined way, allowing a plethora of unrelated species to be referred to it and thus depleting any taxonomic information contained in the name Paecilaema . The particulars: (1) the neotype is designated here with the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status of Cosmetus u-flavus and consequently of the genus Paecilaema; (2) the characters that we regard as differentiating from other taxa the nominal speciesgroup taxon are explicit in the key above and in the diagnosis below; (3) data and description sufficient to ensure recognition of the specimen designated are provided here in the description section; (4) we know that the namebearing type specimen is lost as informed by the curator of ZSM; (5) the neotype is consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type from the original description especially because of the stress put in the yellow Latin U mask; (6) the neotype came as nearly as practicable from the original type locality as explained above, judging from the itinerary of the original collecting expedition; (7) the neotype is the property of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, a recognized scientific and educational institution, which is the most important natural history museum in Latin America as well as the second most important collection of harvestmen in the world, second only to the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.</p><p>Records. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis: Colônia Alpina (Sørensen, 1932, as P. soerenseni) . Rio de Janeiro: Alto da Boa Vista; Nova Friburgo (Kury 2003, as M. bellus) .</p><p>Doubtful / unconfirmed records. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Tefé (Simon 1879a, as P. limbatum). PANAMA, Cerro Flores (Petrunkevitch 1925: 60; Roewer 1928, as P. limbatum). BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Colatina: São José River (B. Soares 1944c, as Paecilaemula brasiliensis). Cosmetus u-flavum: [ARGENTINA?] “Southern Chaco ” (Canestrini 1888). Cosmetus u-flavum: Mello-Leitão (1932) cites “Mato Grosso” without explicit evidence.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutal area III with a pair of paramedian spines (as opposed to unarmed in P. muticum); spines of scutal area III high, bluntly conical and much thicker at basal part (Figs 9C, E, F, as in P. lyra, P. melanacanthum, P. preciosum, P. renneri). Anal operculum of males with one pair of paramedian parallel tubercles sharing the same base, amidst smaller tubercles (Figs 9C, D, 10C, as opposed to unarmed in P. albosigillatum and P. ornatissimum; with a triangle of three acuminate tubercles in P. preciosum and P. muticum). Branches of lyre independent, not connected by sunken trabeculae (Figs 9B, 10A, as in P. albosigillatum, P. muticum, P. ornatissimum, P. peculiare). Diaphanous body of lyre entire: posterior half of body as well marked as anterior half (Fig. 4, as opposed to P. albisectum and P. albosigillatum in which the posterior part of lyre is hollow), not invading the carapace (as in P. ornatissimum). Lyre barely reaching lateral borders of prosomal scutum; individual solid punctulations not coalescent (Fig. 4, coalescent in P. preciosum and P. muticum); FM rounded, as an open heater shield (as in P. peculiare, and P. melanacanthum has a similar shape but FM is closed); FT triangular. A pair of yellow blots in the carapace near the eyes (Fig. 9B, absent in P. albisectum, P. preciosum and P. muticum). Laterals of Cx IV without any blot (Fig. 9C, P . ornatissimum exhibits a single large blot on each side).</p><p>Description. Male neotype (MNRJ 3433).</p><p>Measurements. See Table 1.</p><p>Color (in ethanol). Background of body ventral and dorsal and Cx I–IV: 55 (Strong Brown) with abundant darker mottling. Rims of free tergites and anal operculum fading into articular membrane: 68 (Strong Orange Yellow). Paired spines of scutal area III: 65 (Brownish Black). Tr to Ta of legs: 97 (Vivid Greenish Yellow) mottled in black. Solid punctulations of lyra: 104 (Pale Greenish Yellow); rest of lyra the same, but less dense, attenuated. Cx without any light blot.</p><p>Lyra. True lyra present, with set of 6 fenestrae and containing (1) diaphanous body, and (2) solid punctulations. Diaphanous body U-shaped with two subtly different shades of pale yellow—posterior half a bit more transparent; branches of the U densely perforated with larger apertures on the outside (lateral fenestrae), not connected to each other, and stretching frontwards to the laterals of carapace up to the level of ocularium where it is very narrow. FT triangular. FM more rounded, shaped as an anteriorly open heater shield. Lyre barely reaching lateral borders of prosomal scutum; individual solid punctulations round, not coalesced.</p><p>Dorsum. Gracile harvestman with slender legs (Figs 1, 7A). Dorsal scutum in dorsal view type β with attenuate constrictions (Fig. 10A). Protoglyph and deutoglyph shallow but well-marked (Fig. 10A). Dorsal scutum in lateral view rising steadily from posterior and anterior borders to area III where it is the highest (Figs 9C, 10B). Scutal groove separating carapace from abdominal scutum broad and very shallow. No other grooves present on scutum, thus scutal areas only inferred by granulation pattern (Fig. 10A). All scutum unarmed, except for area III, armed with paramedian pair of large granulous blunt spines, with thick base, parallel to each other and gently tilted backwards (Figs 9, 10). Ocularium narrow and low, with gentle median depression; unarmed, with one granule row at each side (Figs 9, 10). Granules distributed on carapace on and behind ocularium, and on all abdominal scutum. Free tergites each with a transverse row of granules (Fig. 10). Anal operculum with two rows of small tubercles, with a pair of strong partly fused conical projections on a posterior row (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Venter (Figs 11E, F). Coxae I–III triangular, transverse to main body axis. Coxae II to IV connected by tubercular bridges. Ventral elements of coxa I: El1 = ca. 10 small tubercles forming a row; El2 = 5 large tubercles clustered, collinear with El1; El3 = 1 very large conical process, matching El4; El4 = 1 very large bifid process; El5 = 2 protuberances. Coxa IV pentagonal, greatly developed, oriented obliquely, but almost parallel to body axis. Stigmatic area T-shaped with stigmata large, unconcealed. Free sternites smooth and unarmed.</p><p>Chelicerae (Figs 12A, B). Weak, with well-marked bulla. Posterior border of bulla lined with strong protuberances. Fixed finger with a row of 5 triangular teeth, movable finger with a row of 8 closely placed smaller teeth.</p><p>Pedipalps (Figs 12C, D, E). Typical cosmetid Pp, with elongate Tr, foliaceus Fe; this is convex dorsally, with a dorsal row of 8 setiferous tubercles and a ventral row of 12 much more closely positioned setiferous tubercles. Ti only slightly convex to mesal side, with two ventro-marginal rows of small setae and two ventro-apical dentiform apophyses. Ta conical, with scattered dorsal setae and three well-marked ventral rows of subequal setae.</p><p>Legs. Cx IV surpassing dorsal scutum in dorsal view by all its extension; in situ reaching posterior border of FM (anterior limit of coda). All Fe straight. Fe, Ti and Mt I–IV slender and unarmed. Posterior tarsal claws unpectinate. Tarsal process (“pseudonychium” sensu Roewer) well-developed. Tarsal counts in Table 1.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 12F, G, H). Apical truncus forming a flat podium from where the glans arises. Glans sac short, but dorsally protruded as a flat process, clearly folded into three regions. Stylus dorsally curved, with slit-like opening, ventrally forming a serrate caruncle (wattle) without notable curves or projections. VP of the penis subrectangular, with distal border straight and slightly concave on distal sides. From distal to proximal the lateral macrosetae are: C1–C2, D1–D2 and A1. MS C1-C2 large, contrasting with the others, and curved. MS, D1 and A1 very small, MS D2 minute. Microsetae of ventral side of VP absent.</p><p>Other material studied. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro State: 1 ♂ (MNRJ 06075), Angra dos Reis, Ilha Grande, on trunk/bushes, 15.xi.1985, R. Baptista leg. ; 1 ♂ (MNRJ 02284), Barra de Guaratiba, Pedra da Tartaruga, hillside with almond trees, 20.viii.2010, A. B. Kury, A. Giupponi &amp; G. Miranda leg. ; 4 ♂ 5 ♀ 7 juv. (MNRJ 19193), Búzios, APA do Pau Brasil, 13-15.i.2011, B. Buzatto, A. Giupponi &amp; A. Kury leg. ; 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (MNRJ 02146), Guapimirim, Centro de Primatologia (CEPRIM or CPRJ), pitfall, 16-23.ix.2004 ; 1 ♀ (MNRJ 08474), Magé, Estrada Real, Raiz da Serra, 9.ii.2005, P. de Jesus leg. ; 2 ♀ (MNRJ 19768), Mangaratiba, Ilha da Marambaia, 28.xi.2005, Claudio P. leg. ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNRJ 06877), Nova Friburgo, Amparo, Auberge Suisse, foliage, 20.xi.1993, A.B. Kury leg. ; 2 ♂ 4 ♀ (MNRJ 06326), Nova Friburgo, Rio Grande de Cima, Fazenda São João, 10.x.1988, A.B. Kury &amp; R. Pinto-da- Rocha leg. ; 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNRJ 02259), Nova Iguaçu, Tinguá, Faz. Adjacent to REBIO do Tinguá, 11.iii.2010, A. Chagas, A. Giupponi, A.B. Kury &amp; C. Sampaio leg. ; 1 ♂ (MNRJ 02050), Paulo de Frontin, Sítio do Ricardo Pepeto, xii.2005, E. Wienskoski leg. ; 3 ♂ 7 ♀ 3 juv (MNRJ 07182), Santa Maria Madalena, PARES do Desengano, Morumbeca, 03-12.i.2011 B. Buzato, A. Giupponi, A.B. Kury &amp; G. Miranda leg. ; 1 ♂ (MNRJ 16377), Silva Jardim, Poço das Antas, Centro de Primatologia, pitfall, ix.2004, Ana Clara leg. ; 1 ♀ (MNRJ 8476), Valença, Parque Natural Municipal do Açude da Concórdia, 31.viii.2012, G. Miranda leg. ; 1 ♂ (MNRJ 04755), Arraial do Cabo, Ilha de Cabo Frio, 26.ii.2001, E. Wienskoski leg. ; 4 ♂ 2 ♀ (MNRJ 16372), path to old lightouse, E. Wienskoski leg.; 1 ♂ (MNRJ 08779), Cachoeiras de Macacu:, Boca do Mato, iii.2009, Tangerina, N. leg. ; 1 ♂ (MNRJ 09149), Guapiaçu, REGUA 24-27.vi.2012, A. Giupponi &amp; J. Silva leg. ; 2 ♂ 5 ♀ 1 juv. (MNRJ 11596), Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, 20-21.xi.2001, A. B. Kury, A. Giupponi, &amp; S. Brandão leg. ; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (MNRJ 01376), Jacarepaguá: Roger Arlé leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNRJ 42223), iv.1935, Herbert Berla leg.; 1 ♀ (MNRJ 42355), Carlos Couceiro leg.; 1 ♀ (MNRJ 58325), Roger Arlé leg. Minas Gerais State: 5 ♂ 5 ♀ (MNRJ 07178), Juiz de Fora, APA do Krambeck, 02.ix.2010, A. Giupponi, A.B. Kury, C. Pires &amp; C. Sampaio leg ..</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFE59F5B57C4678CFB42FD79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFF99F5A57C462EAFD56FE1E.text	03E187E6FFF99F5A57C462EAFD56FE1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meterginoides , Roewer 1912	<div><p>Meterginoides Roewer, 1912 nom. rest.</p><p>Meterginoides Roewer 1912: 102; Roewer 1923: 379; Roewer 1928: 610; Mello-Leitão 1933: 106; Mello-Leitão 1935b: 113 [junior subjective synonym of Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1953: 54); type species: Meterginus inermis Banks, 1909, by original designation].</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized cosmetids (approximately 5 mm of body length) with short legs (I to IV: 13/20/15.5/ 20 mm), DS outline alpha-type without median ornamentation in mesotergum. Headless arborescent chevron in lateral parts of carapace and a transverse line in scutal groove III. Basal portion of Fe III-IV enlarged and armed with</p><p>ventral rows of tubercles. Hypertelic chelicera with incrassated bulla. Tarsal counts: 7/14/8 /8 ( Meterginus inermis after Goodnight &amp; Goodnight, 1953). Included species. Only the type species.</p><p>1) Meterginoides inermis (Banks, 1909) comb. rest.</p><p>Meterginus inermis Banks 1909: 229 [♂ holotype (MCZ), COSTA RICA, Tablazo].</p><p>Meterginoides inermis: Roewer 1912: 103; Roewer 1923: 379; Roewer 1928: 610.</p><p>Paecilaema inermis: Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1953: 54 .</p><p>Paecilaema inerme: Kury 2003: 77 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFF99F5A57C462EAFD56FE1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFF89F5A57C46648FD1BFB27.text	03E187E6FFF89F5A57C46648FD1BFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meterginulus Roewer 1912	<div><p>Meterginulus Roewer, 1912 nom. rest.</p><p>Meterginulus Roewer 1912: 110; Roewer 1923: 385; Roewer 1928: 551; Mello-Leitão 1933: 106; Mello-Leitão 1935b: 113 [junior subjective synonym of Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1953b: 54); type species: Poecilaema rastellifera Pickard-Cambridge, 1905, by original designation].</p><p>Diagnosis. Very large cosmetids (9 mm of body length) with moderately long and robust legs (I to IV: 16.5/27/21/ 27 mm). DS outline alpha-type with narrow carapace, scutal area I with a pair low blunt tubercles and area III with a pair of acuminate spines. White blots present and suffering various degrees of dissociation: stag or simple chevron, backbone and complex omega stripe. Femur IV strongly ornamented ventrally and dorsally with strong spiniform apophyses in males. Hypertelic chelicerae in males. Tarsal counts: 8/13/9 /10 ( Paecilaema rastellifer from Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1953).</p><p>Included species. Only the type species.</p><p>2) Meterginulus rastellifer (Pickard-Cambridge, 1905) comb. rest.</p><p>Poecilaema rastellifera Pickard-Cambridge 1905: 571, pl. 53, figs 17–17b [♂ holotype (BMNH GS), from MEXICO, Chiapas, without further locality data].</p><p>Meterginulus rastellifer: Roewer 1912: 110; Roewer 1923: 386, figs 473–474.</p><p>Meterginulus rastellifera: Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1951: 144 .</p><p>Paecilaema rastellifer: Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1953: 58, figs 51–52; Kury &amp; Cokendolpher 2000: 154. Paecilaema rastelliferum: Kury 2003: 78 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFF89F5A57C46648FD1BFB27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFF89F5D57C4611FFEE2F80E.text	03E187E6FFF89F5D57C4611FFEE2F80E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paecilaemella Roewer 1925	<div><p>Paecilaemella Roewer, 1925 nom. rest.</p><p>Paecilaemella Roewer 1925: 13; Roewer 1928: 626; Mello-Leitão 1932: 91; Roewer 1933: 290 [junior subjective synonym of Meterginoides, Roewer, 1912 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1942: 9); junior subjective synonym of Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1953: 54); type species: Paecilaemella festae Roewer, 1925, by monotypy].</p><p>Poecilaemella (incorrect subsequent spelling) Mello-Leitão 1935b: 113.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large and depressed cosmetids (7.5 mm) with extremely long legs (I to IV: 30/70/44/ 58 mm). DS outline beta-type with constrictions smoothed, abdomen without any ornamentation. Scattered white rounded blots in abdomen and carapace. Legs I–IV almost with same width, straight and unarmed. Chelicerae monomorphic. Tarsal counts: 7/17– 19/10–11/11–19 (Roewer 1925).</p><p>Included species. Only the type species.</p><p>3) Paecilaemella festae Roewer, 1925 comb. rest.</p><p>Paecilaemella festae Roewer 1925: 13, fig. 11 [junior secondary homonym of Paecilaema festae Roewer, 1925]; Roewer 1928: 626, pl. 1, fig. 10. [Holotype (MZTU); paratypes (SMF RII 120), ECUADOR, Morona-Santiago, Santiago Valley].</p><p>Paecilaema festiva Kury 2003: 76 [replacement name for Paecilaemella festae Roewer, 1925]. Syn. nov. Paecilaema festivum: Kury &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga 2011: 51 .</p><p>Remarks. According to ICZN Art 59.4 (Reinstatement of junior secondary homonyms rejected after 1960): “A species-group name rejected after 1960 on grounds of secondary homonymy is to be reinstated as valid by an author who considers that the two species-group taxa in question are not congeneric, unless it is invalid for some other reason.”</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFF89F5D57C4611FFEE2F80E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFFE9F5F57C462F7FBF6FEB5.text	03E187E6FFFE9F5F57C462F7FBF6FEB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pararhauculus Roewer 1933	<div><p>Pararhauculus Roewer, 1933 nom. rest.</p><p>Pararhauculus Roewer 1933: 291 [junior subjective synonym of Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1953b: 55); type species: Pararhauculus lineatus Roewer, 1933, by monotypy].</p><p>Diagnosis. Large cosmetids (6 mm of body length) with moderately long and robust legs (I to IV: 14/26/20/ 26 mm). DS outline beta-type, scutal area I and II with two paramedian blunt tubercles, area III with acuminated tubercles. White blots as complete arborescent chevron, backbone and complex omega stripe. Legs I-IV almost with same width and straight or sub-straight. Femur IV uniformly tuberculate without large spines. Hypertelic chelicerae in males, with bulla moderately incrassate. Tarsal counts: 7/15–16/19 /11.</p><p>Included species. Only the type species.</p><p>4) Pararhauculus lineatus Roewer, 1933 comb. rest.</p><p>Pararhauculus lineatus Roewer 1933: 291, fig. 16 [2 ♂ syntypes (SMF RII 3009), COSTA RICA, Cartago. Irazú, 9.98°N, 83.85°W].</p><p>Paecilaema lineatum: Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1953: 54; Kury 2003: 77.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFFE9F5F57C462F7FBF6FEB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFFD9F5E57C4626CFD70FE59.text	03E187E6FFFD9F5E57C4626CFD70FE59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilaemula Roewer 1912	<div><p>Poecilaemula Roewer, 1912</p><p>Poecilaemula Roewer 1912: 100; Roewer 1915: 125; Roewer 1928: 605; Kury 2003: 81 [junior subjective synonym of Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1953: 54); synonymy disclaimed by Kury (2003); type species: Meterginus signatus Banks, 1909, by original designation].</p><p>Paecilaemula (incorrect subsequent spelling): Roewer 1915: 125; Roewer 1923: 374; Roewer 1928: 605; Mello-Leitão 1932: 64, 442; Mello-Leitão 1933: 106.</p><p>Diagnosis. Very large cosmetids (♂ 8 mm, ♀ 6.5 mm of body length) with very long legs (I to IV: 21/48/31/ 45 mm). DS outline beta classic with wide carapace, scutal area I unarmed and area III with a pair of small tubercles. White blots as headless arborescent chevron and reticulate markings on lateral posterior border of dorsal scutum, joining with a longitudinal line in the margin of mesotergum. Fe I-IV straight and entirely smooth. Hypertelic chelicerae in males. Tarsal counts: 7/15/10 /11.</p><p>Included species. Only the type species.</p><p>5) Poecilaemula signata (Banks, 1909)</p><p>Meterginus signatus Banks 1909: 228 [Syntypes (MCZ; SMF), COSTA RICA, Turrialba].</p><p>Poecilaemula signatum: Roewer 1912: 100 .</p><p>Paecilaemula signata: Roewer 1923: 374, fig. 454; Roewer 1928: 606; Mello-Leitão 1932: 65. Poecilaemula signata: Kury 2003: 81 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFFD9F5E57C4626CFD70FE59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFFC9F5157C462DCFD58FE59.text	03E187E6FFFC9F5157C462DCFD58FE59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Soaresella Goodnight & Goodnight 1947	<div><p>Soaresella Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1947 nom. rest.</p><p>Soaresella Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1947: 10 [junior subjective synonym of Paecilaema C.L. Koch, 1839 by Goodnight &amp; Goodnight (1953: 55); type species: Soaresella gracilis Goodnight &amp; Goodnight, 1947].</p><p>Diagnosis. Median size body (5 mm of body length) with long and slender legs (I to IV: 17/47.5/25/ 34 mm). DS outline delta-type remarkably arched in lateral view, mesotergum without acuminated spines but with paramedian colored low tubercles in areas I, III and IV, the latest closer than the others. Scattered white blots in abdomen and posterior part of carapace, and a horseshoe blot encircling the abdomen. Legs I-IV almost with same width. Femur IV straight and entirely smooth. Chelicerae monomorphic. Tarsal counts: 7/19/12 /15.</p><p>Included species. Only the type species.</p><p>6) Soaresella gracilis Goodnight &amp; Goodnight, 1947 comb. rest.</p><p>Soaresella gracilis Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1947: 10, fig. 22 [Holotype (AMNH), PANAMA, Canal Zone, 3 mi N Summit].</p><p>Paecilaema gracilis: Goodnight &amp; Goodnight 1953: 55 .</p><p>Paecilaema gracile: Kury 2003: 76 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFFC9F5157C462DCFD58FE59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
03E187E6FFF39F5157C4658AFA4DFB26.text	03E187E6FFF39F5157C4658AFA4DFB26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paecilaema C. L. Koch 1839	<div><p>Key to the genera revalidated from the synonymy of Paecilaema</p><p>1. DS outline alpha-type; legs III-IV much stronger than I-II; Fe IV incrassate, armed with prolateral rows of strong spines.... 7</p><p>1’ DS outline beta-type or delta-type; legs III-IV comparable to I-II; Fe IV not incrassate, unarmed....................... 2</p><p>2. Varied white markings on scutum, but never forming a true lyra; scutal armature on area III weak; Fe IV thick, long; tarsal count of posterior legs high (II 15– 19, III 10– 12, IV 11 -–15)................................................... 3</p><p>2’ True lyra present; Fe IV very slender; scutal area III with pair of spines (except for P. muticum); tarsal count of posterior legs low to medium (II 9–14, III 6–8, IV 6–9)................................................................... 6</p><p>3. Scutal shape delta; scutal marking as a Discosomaticus -like ring; areas I and III with white rounded tubercles................................................................................................. Soaresella (Panama)</p><p>3’. Scutal shape beta, with variations; scutal markings without ring; area I unarmed, area III with small tubercles or granules... 4</p><p>4. Fe I to IV getting gradually thicker distally and covered with coarse granulation; Fe IV slightly curved, moderately long (8 mm).......................................................................... Pararhauculus (Costa Rica)</p><p>4’ Fe I-IV straight and uniform (not filiform), entirely smooth, elongate (longer than 14 mm)............................ 5</p><p>5. DS outline beta-classic; Ch hand dimorphic, strongly swollen in males; Fe IV very long (15 mm). Poecilaemula (Costa Rica)</p><p>5’. DS outline beta-diamond (with constrictions smoothed); Ch hand monomorphic; Fe IV extremely long (18 mm)............................................................................................ Paecilaemella (Ecuador)</p><p>6. Lyra rudimentary, only with inner outline; without diaphanous body and with large U-shaped fenestra magna; solid punctulations fused forming outline of FM and partly over the carapace groove, otherwise isolated along the laterals of dorsal scutum (Figs 5 A–C); low tarsal counts (6/ 13/6-7/6-7); Fe IV short (4.5 mm)............ Metavononoides (E Brazil, interior forest)</p><p>6’ True lyra present, with set of 6 fenestrae and containing diaphanous body, sometimes with different shades of pale; solid punctulations present but not restricted to lyra outline (Figs 4, 5 D–F, Figs 6 A–F); high tarsal counts (6–7/12– 18/7–9/7–10); Fe IV long (10 mm)......................................................... Paecilaema (E Brazil, coastal forest)</p><p>7. Scutal area III entirely unarmed; Fe IV of male with prolateral proximal row of spines, short (4.8 mm).................................................................................................. Meterginoides (Costa Rica)</p><p>7’. Scutal area III with pair of low acuminate tubercles; Fe IV of male with retro- and prolateral rows of strong spines, moderately long (7.3 mm)...................................................................... Meterginulus (Mexico)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187E6FFF39F5157C4658AFA4DFB26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Medrano, Miguel	Kury, Adriano B., Medrano, Miguel (2018): A whiter shade of pale: anchoring the name Paecilaema C. L. Koch, 1839 onto a neotype (Opiliones, Cosmetidae). Zootaxa 4521 (2): 191-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.2.3
