taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E187EFFFB5AE49FCA9B93B19B21CB1.taxon	description	a Identification confirmed by association of gill histoblasts from one mature larva with two pupal exuviae. b The larva of this species is undescribed; identification was made based on the gill histoblast of one mature larva. in section 66 of IIL in all larvae (Fig. 2 C), possibly reflecting enhanced polytenization or nucleotide content. Sex chromosomes were microscopically undifferentiated (X 0 Y 0) and polymorphisms were absent.	en	Adler, Peter H., Srisuka, Wichai, Low, Van Lun, Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Saeung, Atiporn (2019): High-Elevation Chromosomal Diversity of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Insect Systematics and Diversity 3 (2019), No. 1: 1-10, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixz004, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixz004
03E187EFFFB6AE49FF09B84E1D5B1CF1.taxon	description	one female infected with an unidentified mermithid nematode (Mermithidae). Homologs were tightly paired (98 – 100 %). All larvae had the standard chromosomal banding sequence for the Southeast Asian S. tuberosum lineage (sensu Adler et al. 2016 c) and were also fixed for IIIL- 8, IIIL- 11, and IIIL- 13 (Fig. 3). All larvae additionally had either of two mutually exclusive fixed-inversion sequences in the IIIL arm: IIIL- 64 or IIIL- 96 (Fig. 3). The complete absence of individuals heterozygous for either of these inversions indicated the presence of two separate breeding populations (i. e., species): 57.9 % (35 females and 27 males) with IIIL- 64 and 42.1 % (24 females and 21 males) with IIIL- 96 (Table 2). A presorted subsample of 33 final-instar larvae yielded 82 % correct assignment to one or the other chromosomal sequences, with IIIL- 64 representing the largest larvae (94 % correct, n = 18) and IIIL- 96 the smallest (67 % correct, n = 15). Larvae of intermediate size carried either IIIL- 64 or IIIL- 96, indicating considerable size overlap; only the extreme sizes agreed reasonably well with the two chromosomal sequences. A small subterminal inversion, IIIL - 10 (Fig. 3 D), was distributed nonrandomly among larvae (Table 3). Most of the 27 males (90.9 %) with the IIIL- 64 sequence carried IIIL - 10 heterozygously. The remaining 9.1 % of males with IIIL- 64, plus all males with IIIL- 96 and all females, lacked the inversion. IIIL - 10, therefore, marked a differentiated Y chromosome (Y 1) in males with IIIL- 64; the remainder (9.1 %) of the males with IIIL- 64 were, thus, Y 0. IIIL- 64 females (n = 35) were either standard (X 0, 77.1 %) for section 100 of IIIL or had heteroband 100 hb 1 (X 1, 22.9 %). Two males were heterozygous for IIIL - 10 and IIIL 100 hb 1, but on different homologs, and were, therefore, X 1 Y 1. All individuals with IIIL- 96 had cytologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes (X 0 Y 0). Autosomal polymorphisms were limited to one inversion (IS- 33, Fig. 2 A), six different secondary nucleolar organizers (Figs. 3 C and 4), three of which were in a single female larva, and two different heterobands (Fig. 3 A, C, E); all polymorphisms had frequencies less than or equal to 0.02 (Table 2). Heteroband 100 hb 1, which was X-linked in individuals with IIIL- 64, was expressed heterozygously as an autosomal polymorphism (Fig. 3 C and E) in two female larvae with IIIL- 96 at an overall frequency of 0.02. We assigned informal handles to the two groups of S. tenebrosum: cytospecies A for individuals fixed for IIIL- 64 and cytospecies B for individuals fixed for IIIL- 96.	en	Adler, Peter H., Srisuka, Wichai, Low, Van Lun, Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Saeung, Atiporn (2019): High-Elevation Chromosomal Diversity of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Insect Systematics and Diversity 3 (2019), No. 1: 1-10, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixz004, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixz004
