identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E1EF539D0E8D22FF40FC0AFE379CD1.text	03E1EF539D0E8D22FF40FC0AFE379CD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antocha Osten Sacken 1860	<div><p>Antocha Osten Sacken, 1860</p><p>Antocha Osten Sacken, 1860: 219; Lackschewitz, 1940: 6; Savchenko &amp; Krivolutskaya, 1976: 111; Alexander, 1968: 94; Savchenko, 1983: 106; Geiger, 1986: 26; Torii, 1992: 157; Podenas &amp; Byun, 2013: 169; Podenas &amp; Young, 2015: 524; Taphrophila Rondani, 1856: 185; Edwards, 1938: 46; Lackschewitz &amp; Pagast, 1942: 56; Tjeder, 1958: 162; Hutson &amp; Vane- Wright, 1969: 239; Markevičiūtė et al., 2019: 119.</p><p>Type species: Antocha saxicola Osten Sacken, 1860: 219 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized crane flies with wing length ranging from 3.0 to 11.0 mm. General body coloration from light brownish-yellow to brown, grey or nearly black. Antenna 16-segmented, flagellomeres with ring of verticils at base. Wing generally wide, usually without any darker markings except pterostigma. Posterior wing margin with large, nearly right-angled anal angle. Male terminalia with ninth tergite transverse, ninth sternite separated from ninth tergite; gonocoxite elongate, cylindrical or oval; two pairs of terminal gonostyli. Outer pair of gonostyli usually darkened, strongly sclerotised. Ovipositor with slightly arched or straight cercus, lower margin of cercus straight or serrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1EF539D0E8D22FF40FC0AFE379CD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė;Podenas, Sigitas;Saldaitis, Aidas	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė, Podenas, Sigitas, Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 4969 (2): 280-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.3
03E1EF539D0E8D21FF40FA55FD0F98FE.text	03E1EF539D0E8D21FF40FA55FD0F98FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antocha Osten Sacken 1860	<div><p>Checklist of Antocha from Sichuan, China</p><p>(updated from Markevičiūtė et al. 2019)</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) bella Markevičiūtė &amp; Podenas, 2019</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) bidens Alexander, 1932</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) bifida Alexander, 1924</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) constricta Alexander, 1932</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) emarginata Alexander, 1938b</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) flavidibasis Alexander, 1938a</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) fortidens Alexander, 1933b</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) indica Brunetti, 1912</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) lacteibasis Alexander, 1935</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) minuticornis Alexander, 1931</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) multidentata Alexander, 1932</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) nebulipennis immaculata Alexander, 1938a</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) nebulipennis nebulipennis Alexander, 1931</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) nigribasis Alexander, 1932</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) pallidella Alexander, 1933a</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) picturata Alexander, 1936</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) pulchra Markevičiūtė &amp; Podenas sp. nov.</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) quadrifurca Alexander, 1971</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) setigera Alexander, 1933a</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) spiralis Alexander, 1932</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1EF539D0E8D21FF40FA55FD0F98FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė;Podenas, Sigitas;Saldaitis, Aidas	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė, Podenas, Sigitas, Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 4969 (2): 280-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.3
03E1EF539D0D8D21FF40FE75FA149FDF.text	03E1EF539D0D8D21FF40FE75FA149FDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antocha Osten Sacken 1860	<div><p>Key to species of the genus Antocha from Sichuan, China (males)</p><p>1 Crossvein m-cu of wing as long as or longer than distance between it and base of cell dm (Fig. 1)..................... 3</p><p>– Crossvein m-cu of wing shorter than distance between it and base of cell dm (Fig. 2)............................... 2</p><p>2 Caudal margin of tergite 9 nearly straight between two small bumps (Fig. 3)............................. A. pallidella</p><p>– Caudal margin of tergite 9 gently emarginate and weakly crenulate, without two small bumps (Fig. 4)........ A. nigribasis</p><p>3 Caudal margin of tergite 9 with pair of median lobes (Fig. 5), bumps (Figs 6–8), small tubercles (Fig. 9) or deep U-shaped median notch (Fig. 10)................................................................................ 4</p><p>– Caudal margin of tergite 9 smooth (Figs 11–14, 16, 18–20).................................................... 9</p><p>4 Caudal margin of tergite 9 with rounded, median bumps (Figs 6–8), small tubercles (Fig. 9) or deep U-shaped median notch (Fig. 10)............................................................................................ 5</p><p>– Caudal margin of tergite 9 with two obliquely truncated median lobes (Fig. 5).......................... A. emarginata</p><p>5 Apex of outer gonostylus narrowed to acute point (Figs 6–8).................................................. 6</p><p>– Apex of outer gonostylus bifid (Figs 9, 10)................................................................ 8</p><p>6 Apex of gonocoxite broadly rounded (Figs 7, 8)............................................................ 7</p><p>– Apex of gonocoxite narrowly elongated (Fig. 6)................................................... A. fortidens</p><p>7 Outer gonostylus strongly bent (Fig. 8)............................................ A. nebulipennis nebulipennis</p><p>– Outer gonostylus arched, not bent (Fig. 7)........................................... A. nebulipennis immaculata</p><p>8 Interbase well developed, appearing loop-shaped; paramere approximately as long as gonocoxite, appearing as slender, simple rod (Fig. 9)................................................................................... A. bidens</p><p>– Interbase small, narrow to acute point; paramere shorter than gonocoxite (Fig. 10).......................... A. bifida</p><p>9 Aedeagus connected with lateral structures (Figs 11–14)..................................................... 10</p><p>– Aedeagus covered by wide parameral sheath (Figs 15, 16) or without parameral sheath and any lateral structures (Figs 18–20) .................................................................................................. 13</p><p>10 Lateral structures branched on tip of aedeagus (Figs 12–14).................................................. 11</p><p>– Lateral structures very slender, twisted into complete spiral turn at distal end (Fig. 11)...................... A. spiralis</p><p>11 Lateral structure consists of two small branches (Figs 13, 14)................................................. 12</p><p>– Lateral structure consists of three small branches (Fig. 12).......................................... A. constricta</p><p>12 Outer branch of lateral structure approximately three times in length smaller than inner branch (Fig. 14).... A. quadrifurca</p><p>– Outer branch of lateral structure very short, narrowed to acute point (Fig. 13)......................... A. multidentata</p><p>13 Aedeagus covered by wide parameral sheath (Figs 15, 16)................................................... 14</p><p>– Aedeagus not covered by parameral sheath (Figs 18–20)..................................................... 15</p><p>14 Parameral sheath forms four horns (Fig. 15)................................................. A. pulchra sp. nov.</p><p>– Parameral sheath simple, without any structures (Fig. 16)......................................... A. minuticornis</p><p>15 Apex of outer gonostylus obtuse or rounded (Figs 18–20).................................................... 16</p><p>– Apex of outer gonostylus is gradually narrowed to acute tip (Fig. 17).................................. A. lacteibasis</p><p>16 Apex of aedeagus bifid (Fig. 18)................................................................. A. setigera</p><p>– Apex of aedeagus curved, not bifid (Figs 19, 20)........................................................... 17</p><p>17 Paramere twisted, spiral-shaped (Fig. 20)............................................................. A. bella</p><p>– Paramere straight, tapered (Fig. 19)................................................................ A. indica</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1EF539D0D8D21FF40FE75FA149FDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė;Podenas, Sigitas;Saldaitis, Aidas	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė, Podenas, Sigitas, Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 4969 (2): 280-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.3
03E1EF539D0D8D24FF40F95FFB929EEA.text	03E1EF539D0D8D24FF40F95FFB929EEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antocha (Antocha) pulchra Markeviciute & Podenas 2021	<div><p>Antocha (Antocha) pulchra Markevičiūtė &amp; Podenas sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1, 15, 21–27)</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized, greyish-brown species with subhyaline, milky wing, pterostigma absent (Fig. 23); gonocoxite cylindrical (Figs 15, 26, 27); outer gonostylus arched, unequally bifid at apex (Figs 15, 26, 27); inner gonostylus as wide as outer gonostylus (Figs 15, 26, 27); interbase oblong, rounded at apex (Figs 15, 27); paramere needle-like, narrowed to acute point (Figs 15, 27); aedeagus oblong, rounded at apex and covered by parameral sheath with four horn-like structures (Figs 15, 26, 27).</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (in ethanol): CHINA, Sichuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.28688&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.58372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.28688/lat 29.58372)">Emei Mt.</a>, N29.583720, E103.286880, H- 1311 m, 2018.VII.12, leg. Starkevich (NRC) . PARATYPE: 1 ♂ (in ethanol) CHINA, Sichuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.28688&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.58372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.28688/lat 29.58372)">Emei Mt.</a>, N29.583720, E103.286880, H- 1311 m, 2018.VII.12, leg. Starkevich (NIBR) .</p><p>Description. Adult male (N= 2) body (Fig. 21) length 4.8–4.9 mm. Wing length 6.2–6.8 mm.</p><p>Head. Generally dark brownish-grey. Antenna (Fig. 22) length 1.1–1.2 mm; scape elongate, nearly cylindrical, light brownish-grey; pedicel rounded, dark brownish-grey; flagellum 14-segmented, dark brownish-grey; flagellomeres elongate, fusiform; apical segment oblong, oval, longer than penultimate. Rostrum and mouth parts light brown, palpus dark brownish-grey.</p><p>Thorax. Generally dark brown. Presutural scutum dark brown with three inconspicuous stripes. Scutum dark brown with three longitudinal stripes. Scutellum brown, lighter than mediotergite. Mediotergite as dark brown as scutum. Pleura brown. Anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron and anatergite light brown, katatergite as dark brown as mediotergite. Wing (Figs 1, 23) subhyaline, milky; pterostigma absent; veins generally brownish, but yellowish at wing base. Venation: vein Sc long, ending before branching point of Rs; radial sector long, straight; tip of R 1 approximately 0.7 times longer than R 2; cell dm comparatively small, approximately two times as long as wide; distal section of M 1+2 1.5 times longer than anterior margin of cell dm; A 1 and CuP veins strongly divergent; tip of A 1 reaches wing margin slightly beyond level of Rs origin; anal angle large, nearly right-angled. Halter 0.9 mm long; stem pale brownish-grey, knob light brownish-grey. Legs: coxae brown, fore coxa lighter; trochanters light brown, distal margin very narrowly rimmed with dark brown; femora light greyish-brown, tibiae and tarsi greyish-brown, darker at end. Length of femora: I: 4.8–5.5 mm, II: 5.4–6.2 mm, III: 6.3 mm; tibiae: I: 5.5–6.5 mm, II: 4.8–6.4 mm, III: 6.2 mm; tarsus I: 4.5–6.3 mm, II: 4.1–6.0 mm, III: 5.1 mm.</p><p>Abdomen. Generally brown. Tergites dark brown. Sternites brown, lighter than tergites. Male hypopygium (Fig. 26) light brown. Tergite 9 (Figs 24, 26) without distinct additional lobes or structures; posterior margin indistinctly emarginated medially; lateral corners obtuse. Sternite 9 (Fig. 25) rounded at apex. Gonocoxite cylindrical, without extra lobes (Figs 26, 27). Outer gonostylus sclerotised, slightly arched, unequally bifid at apex. Inner gonostylus covered with sparse setae, slightly arched with blunt apex. Interbase (Fig. 27) oblong, rounded at apex. Paramere relatively long, needle-like, narrowed to acute point. Aedeagus (Fig. 27) oblong and rounded at apex, covered by wide parameral sheath with four horn-like structures.</p><p>Etymology. The word “ pulchra ” comes from Latin and means “beautiful”. This word was chosen because of the beautiful shape of the parameral sheath with horn-like structures which covers the aedeagus.</p><p>Elevation range in China. Specimens were collected at 1311 m altitude.</p><p>Habitat. Mountainous mixed forest (Fig. 28) near Lengshui river.</p><p>Distribution. Sichuan, China.</p><p>Remarks. Some structures of the male genital complex A. pulchra sp. nov. are unique in comparison to other species of this genus. While the aedeagus in Antocha has a relatively complicated, curved (Figs 19, 20) or flattened (Fig. 11) structure, A. pulchra sp. nov. is simple, oblong, rounded at apex. The parameral structures are simple or complex, appearing to be connected with the aedeagal lateral structures (Figs 11, 12, 13, 14, 31, 34, 35) or cover the aedeagus as a wide parameral sheath (Fig. 16). In A. pulchra sp. nov. the aedeagus is covered by a unique parameral sheath which has four horn-like structures (Figs 15, 26, 27). The paramere in this genus is also a complex structure with twisted (Fig. 20), bifurcated (Figs 11, 12), acute (Fig. 9) blunt or subacute (Fig. 18) apex, but in A. pulchra sp. nov. it is a simple needle-like structure.</p><p>The morphology of some features like the outer gonostylus, parameres and parameral sheath of A. pulchra sp. nov. is similar to other species of Antocha (s. str) such as: A. alexanderi Oosterbroek, 2009, A. platystylis Alexander, 1974, A. studiosa Alexander, 1951, A. latifurca Alexander, 1969, A. perattenuata Alexander, 1971, A. longispina Alexander, 1969, A. mysorensis Alexander, 1974 found in India and A. perstudiosa Alexander, 1958 from Nepal.</p><p>Antocha platystylis is similar to A. pulchra sp. nov. on basis of the structure of the simple aedeagus and paramere, but the outer gonostylus and tergite 9 of the former species are shaped differently. Also, the parameral sheath in A. pulchra sp. nov. has four horn-like structures and in A. platystylis this structure appears as a subtending plate, which is pale to nearly hyaline outwardly, with outer angles extended into two acute pale points. The outer gonostylus of A. pulchra sp. nov. is sclerotised, slightly arched and unequally bifid at the apex. A very similar outer gonostylus is found in species like A. alexanderi, A. studiosa, A. latifurca, A. perattenuata, A. longispina, A. mysorensis, A. perstudiosa, but these species have different structures of the aedeagal complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1EF539D0D8D24FF40F95FFB929EEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė;Podenas, Sigitas;Saldaitis, Aidas	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė, Podenas, Sigitas, Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 4969 (2): 280-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.3
03E1EF539D078D2BFF40FB7AFEDE9E26.text	03E1EF539D078D2BFF40FB7AFEDE9E26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antocha (Antocha) quadrifurca Alexander 1971	<div><p>Antocha (Antocha) quadrifurca Alexander, 1971</p><p>(Figs 14, 29–35)</p><p>Antocha (Antocha) quadrifurca Alexander, 1971: 170–171 (description), 168 (illustration).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dark brownish-grey species; antenna black, flagellar segments oblong, oval (Fig. 29); wing subhyaline, milky, pterostigma pale brown (Fig. 30); tergite 9 narrowly transverse without lobes (Figs 14, 33); sternite 9 large, posterior border strongly convex (Fig. 32); gonocoxite oblong, rounded (Figs 14, 31, 34, 35); outer gonostylus short, stout, apex obliquely truncate (Fig. 31); interbase oblong, rounded at apex (Figs 14, 31); paramere forked at apex (Figs 34, 35); apex of aedeagus flattened into lyrate plate with two small bumps (Figs 14, 31, 34, 35); lateral structures branched, connected at apex of aedeagus, inner branch approximately three times longer than outer branch (Figs 14, 31, 35).</p><p>Material examined. 1 ♂ (in ethanol): CHINA, W. Sichuan, road Yaan / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.3097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.8734" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.3097/lat 29.8734)">Kangding Erlang Shan Mt.</a>, H- 2161 m, N29.87340, E102.30970, 2017.IX.11–12, leg. A. Saldaitis (NRC) .</p><p>Elevation range in China. Specimens were collected at 2161 m altitude.</p><p>Habitat. Small streams surrounded by mountainous mixed forest.</p><p>Distribution. The species was known previously only in India (Assam), and is herein newly recorded from China (Sichuan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1EF539D078D2BFF40FB7AFEDE9E26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė;Podenas, Sigitas;Saldaitis, Aidas	Markevičiūtė, Radvilė, Podenas, Sigitas, Saldaitis, Aidas (2021): New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 4969 (2): 280-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.3
