identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E12E3507346576818EFCA328153879.text	03E12E3507346576818EFCA328153879.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bruneastrum Gnezdilov 2015	<div><p>Bruneastrum gen. nov.</p><p>Type species. Bruneastrum cardinale sp. nov., here designated.</p><p>Diagnosis. Metope smooth, with no intermediate carinae visible (Figs 3, 13). Metope and coryphe joining at obtuse angle in lateral view (Fig. 12). Coryphe transverse (Figs 4, 14). Fore wings without hypocostal plate, with basal angle of costal margin distinctly convex (semicircular) (Figs 1, 12). Hind wings unilobed (Fig. 2), reaching abdominal apex. Hind tibia with 2 lateral spines. First metatarsomere with 5 intermediate spines in full row. Phallobase with a pair of long, curved latero-apical processes, narrowing apically (Fig. 6, laphp) and with a pair of ventro-lateral lobes (Fig. 6, vlphl). Aedeagus lacking ventral hooks.</p><p>Description. Metope smooth, with rudimentary median carina only in its apical part and without sublateral carinae, elongate, enlarged above the clypeus (Figs 3, 13). Lateral keels (margins) of metope visor shading the antennae in dorsal view (Figs 11, 14). Metopoclypeal suture distinct, straight. Postclypeus large, smooth, with thick median carina running through the anteclypeus as well. Metope and coryphe joining at obtuse angle (in lateral view); metope visible from above (Figs 11, 12). Coryphe transverse, twice as wide as long medially, with anterior margin convex and posterior margin weakly concave (Figs 4, 14). Ocelli absent. Pedicel 1.5 times as long as wide, cylindrical. Pronotum very short, nearly 5 times shorter than mesonotum, without carinae; anterior and posterior margins keel-shaped. Paradiscal fields of pronotum very narrow, not visible behind the eyes. Paranotal lobes large, without carinae. Tegulae large. Mesonotum smooth, without carinae. Fore wings smooth, wide, narrowing apically, with distinctly convex (semicircular) basal angle of costal margin (Figs 1, 12); fore wings without hypocostal plate, with setae on costal margin. Claval suture of fore wing distinct only basally, disappearing after ¼ of wing length (Fig. 1). Hind wings unilobed, well-developed, reaching abdominal apex, with long and dense setae on costal margin (Fig. 2). Hind tibiae with 2 lateral spines distally. First metatarsomere with 2 lateral and 5 intermediate spines in full row apically. Second metatarsomere with only 2 latero-apical spines. Male genitalia (Figs 5–10). Pygofer wide, with convex hind margin (in lateral view) (Fig. 6). Anal tube wide (in dorsal view), with deep apical concavity (Fig. 9). Anal column long, 0.3 times as long as whole anal tube (Fig. 10). Phallobase curved at obtuse angle (in lateral view), wide (in ventral view) (Fig. 5), with a pair of long latero-apical processes curved at right angle and narrowing apically (Fig. 6, laphp) and with a pair of ventro-lateral lobes (Fig. 6, vlphl). Ventral phallobase lobe wide, reaching phallobase apex. Aedeagus lacking ventral hooks. Style massive, with hind margin concave (Fig. 7, hms). Capitulum of style on short neck (Fig. 7, n), wide (in dorsal view) (Fig. 8), with distinct lateral tooth, apical tooth very weak. Differential diagnosis. Bruneastrum gen. nov. is similar to the genus Mongoliana Distant, 1909 with which it shares a distinctly convex (semicircular) basal angle of the fore wing costal margin (Figs 1, 11–12), but differs from the latter by the absence of aedeagal ventral hooks in males.All species of Mongoliana (known from mainland China) have well-developed ventral hooks of aedeagus (FENNAH 1956, fig. 18B; CHE et al. 2003). Bruneastrum gen. nov. differs from the genera Hemisphaerius Schaum, 1850 and Gergithus Stål, 1870 (both known from Borneo, see below) by more elongate fore wings (Fig. 12).</p><p>Etymology. Derived from the combination of the Greek noun άστρο (star) and Brunei which means a “star of Brunei ” (gender neutrum).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E3507346576818EFCA328153879	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350736657081FEFAB729153814.text	03E12E350736657081FEFAB729153814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bruneastrum cardinale Gnezdilov 2015	<div><p>Bruneastrum cardinale sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–14)</p><p>Type locality. Brunei, Bukit Sulang, near Lamunin.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♁, labelled:“ Brunei, Bukit Sulang, nr Lamunin // N.E. Stork, 20.VIII.–10.IX.82, fogging, B.M. 1982–388 // Tree 3: Shorea johorensis Fox. Dipterocarp. ” (BMNH, dry-mounted).</p><p>Description. Coloration. Metope and coryphe orange yellow, with red brown margins (Figs 11, 14). Clypeus, paranotal lobes, and tegulae red brown. Genae light yellow. Scapus and pedicel dark brown. Pronotum orange yellow, with red brown anterior margin. Mesonotum light yellow medially, with red brown upper angles. Fore wings red brown, each with 3 light yellow spots: two oval ones (one on basal cell and another one on clavus near to wing middle) and one elongate and narrow running from wing middle to apex (Figs 11, 12). Fore and middle legs including coxae red brown, corresponding tarsi light brown yellow. Hind tibiae with red brown margins, hind tarsi light yellow, apices of spines black. Abdomen and hind wings light brown yellow. Anal tube brown yellow.</p><p>Structure. See the description of the genus.</p><p>Measurements. Total body length (male): 4.1 mm.</p><p>Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin adjective cardinalis (-is, -e), meaning cardinal, referring to somewhat reddish coloration of the head of the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350736657081FEFAB729153814	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350733657281F3FEA028433F6B.text	03E12E350733657281F3FEA028433F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bruneastrum cardinale Gnezdilov 2015	<div><p>Bruneastrum cardinale gen. &amp; sp. nov.</p><p>Note. So far only known from Brunei.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350733657281F3FEA028433F6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350733657281E5FE332B9B3D3D.text	03E12E350733657281E5FE332B9B3D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gergithus niger subsp. niger (Walker 1857) niger (Walker 1857	<div><p>Gergithus niger niger (Walker, 1857)</p><p>(Fig. 19)</p><p>Hemisphaerius niger Walker, 1857: 155 .</p><p>Gergithus niger: DISTANT (1909: 86) .</p><p>Hemisphaerius chilocoroides Walker, 1862: 308; synonymized by LIANG (2001: 236).</p><p>Hemisphaerius walkeri Butler, 1875: 100; replacement name for Hemisphaerius chilocoroides [sic] Walker, 1862 nec Hemisphaerius chilocoroides Walker, 1851; synonymized by LIANG (2001: 236).</p><p>Note. Described from Sarawak (WALKER 1857), later recorded from Malacca and Java (WALKER 1858). However, WALKER (1858) mentioned that the specimens from Malacca and Java are larger than those from Borneo and differ somewhat in the head coloration. MELICHAR (1906) recorded this species also from Perak. The synonymies with H. chilocoroides and H. walkeri were established by LIANG (2001) on the basis of examination of corresponding type specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350733657281E5FE332B9B3D3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350733657281F0FCF42BFE3DE2.text	03E12E350733657281F0FCF42BFE3DE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisphaerius bacculinus Butler 1875	<div><p>Hemisphaerius bacculinus Butler, 1875</p><p>Hemisphaerius bacculinus Butler, 1875: 100 .</p><p>Note. Described from Borneo (BUTLER 1875). So far known only after the original description and the type specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350733657281F0FCF42BFE3DE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350733657281C3FBB529963A99.text	03E12E350733657281C3FBB529963A99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisphaerius maculatus Melichar 1906	<div><p>Hemisphaerius maculatus Melichar, 1906</p><p>(Figs 17–18)</p><p>Hemisphaerius maculatus Melichar, 1906: 86 .</p><p>Note. Described from the Balabac Island (Philippines), 50 km north of Borneo (MELICHAR 1906). So far known only after the original description and the type specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350733657281C3FBB529963A99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350733657281F5FB5028FB3824.text	03E12E350733657281F5FB5028FB3824.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker 1858	<div><p>Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858</p><p>(Figs 15–16)</p><p>Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858: 95 .</p><p>Hemisphaerius scymnoides Walker, 1862: 309; synonymized by LIANG (2001: 236).</p><p>Hemisphaerius testaceus Distant, 1906: 360; synonymized by LIANG (2001: 236).</p><p>Hemisphaerius virescens Distant, 1906: 360; synonymized by LIANG (2001: 236).</p><p>Note. Described from Burma (WALKER 1858, DISTANT 1906) and later recorded by Walker (1862) from Thailand, MELICHAR (1906) from Borneo, and FENNAH (1956, 1978) from China (Hainan) and Vietnam. The synonymies were established by LIANG (2001) on the basis of examination of corresponding type specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350733657281F5FB5028FB3824	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350732657380AAFDC62E323AD6.text	03E12E350732657380AAFDC62E323AD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisphaeriini Melichar 1906	<div><p>Key to species of Hemisphaeriini known from Borneo</p><p>1 Metope narrow, dark brown red with pale lateral margins (Fig. 19). ................................ .............................................................................. Gergithus niger niger (Walker, 1857)</p><p>– Metope wide (Fig. 13), with different coloration. .......................................................... 2</p><p>2 Fore wings elongate, each with three separate light spots (Figs 11, 12). .......................... .......................................................................... Bruneastrum cardinale gen. &amp; sp. nov.</p><p>– Fore wings relatively wider (Figs 16, 18); if spots are present, then two of them are partly fused posteriorly (Fig. 18). ............................................................................................. 3</p><p>3 Fore wings unicoloured, without spots or bands. ........................................................... 4</p><p>– Fore wings with spots or bands. ..................................................................................... 6</p><p>4 General coloration dark brown to black. ......... Hemisphaerius bacculinus Butler, 1875</p><p>– General coloration pale. ................................................................................................. 5</p><p>5 Fulvous, mesonotum with two wide red stripes (Figs 15, 16). ......................................... ......................................................................... Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858</p><p>– Brown yellowish, mesonotum without stripes. .... Hemisphaerius torpidus Walker, 1857</p><p>6 Fore wings testaceous with two wide, irregular, parallel, transverse dark brown to black lines (see BUTLER 1875: pl. 4, fig. 14). ................. Hemisphaerius typicus Walker, 1857</p><p>– Fore wings dark brown, each with three large light spots, two of which are partly fused posteriorly (Figs 17, 18). ............................. Hemisphaerius maculatus Melichar, 1906</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350732657380AAFDC62E323AD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350732657381D3FF6929C33F56.text	03E12E350732657381D3FF6929C33F56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisphaerius torpidus Walker 1857	<div><p>Hemisphaerius torpidus Walker, 1857</p><p>Hemisphaerius torpidus Walker, 1857: 155 .</p><p>Note. Described from Sarawak (WALKER 1857) and later recorded from the Mysol Island (Raja Ampat Islands in West Papua, formerly Irian Jaya) by MELICHAR (1906).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350732657381D3FF6929C33F56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
03E12E350732657381DAFE3E2BE53C07.text	03E12E350732657381DAFE3E2BE53C07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisphaerius typicus Walker 1857	<div><p>Hemisphaerius typicus Walker, 1857</p><p>Hemisphaerius typicus Walker, 1857: 155 .</p><p>Note. Described from Sarawak (WALKER 1857). So far known only after the original description and the type specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E12E350732657381DAFE3E2BE53C07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.	Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. (2015): Description of a new genus and species of Hemisphaeriini from Brunei with an identification key to the Bornean species of the tribe (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 9-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503863
