taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E1475CC66AFFA9FEA30B44F519F929.taxon	materials_examined	Type species Paludina sturmi Rosenhauer, 1856. Etymology This genus is dedicated to Dr Hans D. Boeters for his early studies of the hydrobiid malacological fauna of the Iberian Peninsula. Diagnosis Shell. Depressed trochiform or valvatiform. The external surface of the protoconch is smooth, or slightly marked punctum-like sculpture. The teleoconch is smooth with ® ne growth lines. Oval frontal aperture with a thick columellar border that leaves a slit-like umbilicus. Thin outer lip. The peristome is slightly oblique and adapically sinuated. Operculum. Corneus, thin, oval, usually orangish, paucispiral with a submarginal nucleus. The internal callus is usually large and well developed. Nervous system. Typically hydrobiid with a long supraoesophagea l and very short suboesophageal connective (® gure 4 A). Each pedal ganglion is linked to the cerebral ganglion and to the pleural ganglion by long connectives. The oesophagus runs straight along the cerebral ganglia. Radula. Typically taeniaglossan. It has a trapezoidal central tooth with lateral wings that have one basal cusp on each side, arising from the lateral margins and not pointing towards the centre of these teeth. The central tooth has a squared basal tongue as long as the lateral margins; the excavation of its base is more than 50 % of tooth height. It has a central blunted cusp and on each side a variable number of small cusps. The upper border of the cutting edge of the central teeth is strongly U-shaped. The face of the lateral teeth is rectangular. The cusps of the inner marginal teeth are uniformly distributed and are larger than those of the outer marginal teeth. Non-genita l anatomy. The ctenidium is totally absent (® gures 4 C, 10 C, D). There is an osphradium of intermediate width located near the neck, very close to the inner border of the mantle cavity. Pallial tentacle absent. The tentacles are about eight times as long as wide, parallel-sided; the distal end is not expanded and has a totally unpigmented tip. The eyelobe is weakly developed and there are white iridescent granules around the eyes. The foot sole is unpigmented. The buccal mass is large relative to the snout. The posterior chamber of the stomach is rounded, does not have an external caecum and is slightly smaller than the anterior chamber (® gure 4 E). It has a single opening to the digestive gland, which is lobed and extends from the posterior chamber of the stomach to the end of the body. In the pallial cavity, the rectum forms an open U-shaped loop inclined towards the prostate or towards the pallial gland and ending very close to the edge of this cavity (® gure 3 A, B). The faecal pellets are oval and yellowish. The intestine adheres to the wall of the style sac forming a U-shaped loop from which the style sac slightly protrudes (® gure 4 E). The kidney is longitudinal and is located completely behind the pallial cavity, between the prostate gland or pallial oviduct and the style sac (® gure 3 B). Female genital system. The ovary occupies more than 66 % of the visceral coil posterior to the stomach (® gure 3 B). It is a simple globular mass of vitellogenic oocytes, included in the ovarian follicles. The renal oviduct is unpigmented and forms a simple and open circular loop. The capsule gland constitutes more than half of the pallial oviduct, it is yellowish and frequently has black spots on its surface. The bursa copulatrix clearly protrudes at the end of the pallial oviduct. There is no RS 1 but an elongated and non-pedunculate RS 2 which, in natural position, leans over the bursa copulatrix. Male genital system. The testis has simple, stalked lobes and occupies more than 66 % of the visceral coil. Its anterior lobes overlap the posterior chamber of the stomach (® gure 3 A). The anterior coils of the seminal vesicle also overlap the stomach and enter the prostate gland in its middle zone (® gure 4 D). The vas eOEerens and seminal vesicle can be clearly seen because of the iridescent colour of the sperm. The prostate gland extends to the pallial wall at approximatel y one-half of its length and is typically bean-shaped. The pallial vas deferens exits near its anterior end (® gure 4 D). The penis is inserted in the middle right part of the head, behind the base of the right tentacle. It is simple, unpigmented, cylindrical in transverse section and gradually tapered towards the tip. The base of the penis is widened in relation to its distal part.	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
03E1475CC667FFB0FEC80A71F571FE83.taxon	description	Synonymy	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
03E1475CC667FFB0FEC80A71F571FE83.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined LECTOTYPE. NhMW (Naturhistorische s Museum, Vienna). Additional material. Diezma (Granada), Fuente Grande, Sierra Harana, UTM: 30 SWG 592308, 23 April 1992, D. M., MNCN. 15.05 / 33144 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount), 12 October 1992, E. R., D. M., MNCN. 15.05 / 33145 (ethyl alcohol material), E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33146 (ethyl alcohol material). Mata Bejid (JaeÂn), La Mata spring, UTM: 30 SVG 553721, 28 September 1989 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount), E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33147 (ethyl alcohol material), 24 March 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33148 (ethyl alcohol and frozen material). Type locality. Sierra Harana, Granada (Rosenhauer, 1856: 423). Morphology Shell (® gures 5 A ± I, 6 A ± D, table 1). The shell is dextral, very small, with 3.5 whorls. The teleoconch has a very well-developed body whorl that occupies seveneighths of total shell length. The protoconch has 1.25 whorls and a smooth pit-like microsculpture. Protoconch width is approximately 375 m m and it has a broad nucleus measuring around 207 m m. The aperture is oval and has a thick inner lip overlapping the umbilicus. The periostracum is yellowish. Operculum (® gure 6 E, F; measurements in table 2). The operculum has an intense orange colour. External body features. The head is very dark and uniformly pigmented (® gure 8 A) except in juveniles which show a less dark pigmentation. The tentacles show a black middle longitudinal streak and the mantle epithelium is uniformed black pigmented. Nervous system. The RPG ratio is 0.515. Radula (® gure 7 A ± F, table 3). Radular ribbon measuring approximatel y 607 m m with more than 52 rows of teeth. Lateral teeth with a central cusp ¯ anked by four inner cusps on each side. Inner marginal teeth with 24 ± 29 very regular cusps. The distance between the basal cusps of the central teeth is approximately 11 m m. The central cusp of the central tooth does not protrude very much between the minute poorly de ® ned lateral denticles. Female reproductiv e system (® gures 3 B, 8 C, D, table 4). The kidney-shape d pallial oviduct constitutes approximately one-third of the pallial cavity. The capsule gland measures almost three-quarters of the length of the pallial oviduct and is almost L. length; W, width; SD, standard deviation; CV, coe cient of variation, mean range in brackets. entirely located in the pallial cavity. The posterior part of this capsule and the albumen gland are completely situated behind the pallial cavity. The bursa copulatrix is roundish, well developed and almost one-third of the length of the pallial oviduct. The bursal duct is long and slightly widened at the base of the bursa. The renal oviduct coils in a simple, open loop that has a constant shape in all the populations. Male reproductive system (® gures 3 A, 8 A, B, table 4). The penis is unpigmented and has no papillae or appendages. Its basal portion is very wide. The penial duct runs straight in the central part and weakly undulates in the base. The penis is short, being less than three-quarters of the total length of the head. The half portion of the prostate is located inside the pallial cavity. Remarks. Comparing raw data, the lectotype of B. sturmi is bigger than the other shells studied from this species (® gures 5 A ± I). Nevertheless, the ratio between its main shell variables is very similar to the populations here studied (Fuente Grande and Mata Bejid). Habitat and distribution. This species has been found in only two localities: Fuente Grande (Sierra Harana), where it adheres to the aquatic vegetation, and Fuente de La Mata (Mata Bejid), where it is easily distinguishable because the dark shell stands out on the stones. Other freshwater molluscs from these localities are: Ancylus X uviatilis (MuÈller, 1774), Lymnaea truncatula (MuÈller, 1774), Neohoratia schuelei (Boeters, 1981), Pseudamnicola (Corrosella) luisi Boeters 1984 and Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791).	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
03E1475CC67CFFB4FE9D0E34F6EAFADE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined HOLOTYPE. MNCN. 15.05 / 33139 (gold-coated SEM mount) (® gure 9 A). PARATYPES. Durcal (Granada), Pilar del Mono spring, UTM: 30 SVF 493951, 24 September 1989, E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33141 (ethyl alcohol material); 25 September 1989, E. R., D. M., C. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33140 (dried material, ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount); 15 October 1990, D. M., MNCN. 15.05 / 33138 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount); 8 February 1992, D. M, N. M., MNCN. 15.05 / 33139 (dried material, ethyl alcohol material and goldcoated SEM mount); 27 March 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33142 (ethyl alcohol, frozen material and gold-coated SEM mount). MZUF: 17999 (two paratypes), MNHN (two paratypes), SMF: 312502 (two paraypes), NNM: 59382 (two paratypes). Padul (Granada), El Mal Nombre spring, UTM: 30 SVF 445963, 27 March 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33143 (ethyl alcohol, frozen material and gold-coated SEM mount). Type locality. Durcal (Granada), Pilar del Mono spring, UTM: 30 SVF 493951. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr George M. Davis to acknowledge his contribution to hydrobiid taxonomy and his helpful advice. Morphology Shell (® gure 9 A ± H, table 1). The shell is dextral, valvatiform, very small, almost as tall as it is wide and has 3 ± 3.5 whorls. The shape of the aperture can vary from roundish (® gure 9 C) to oval with marked angulation in its upper part (® gure 9 A). The body whorl length is more than three-quarters of shell length. The inner lip is very developed and extends towards the umbilicus, overlapping it almost completely and showing a slit-like umbilicus. The protoconch has 1.25 whorls, its total width is around 292 m m and the nucleus width approximately 133 m m. The shells were found with a thick black layer of diatoms and inorganic elements which facilitate its visual identi ® cation. The periostracum is yellowish. Operculum (® gure 10 A, B, table 2). Although there is a predominance of orange, there are also specimens with yellowish opercula. External body feature s (® gure 12 A). The head is homogeneousl y pigmented black. There is a central unpigmented streak in the tentacles. The snout is unpigmented and it is occasionally possible to distinguish the radular sac by transparency. Behind the eyes there is a roundish area containing some yellow-refringent granules. The mantle epithelium is darkly black pigmented. Nervous system (® gure 4 A). Although the right and left cerebral ganglia are usually the same size, ocasionally, the right ganglion is smaller and narrower in its central part. In some specimens, the right pleural ganglion is elongated and may be misinterpreted as a connective. RPG ratio: 0.37. Radula (® gure 11 A ± F, table 3). Radular ribbon measuring 416 m m with approximately 68 teeth rows. It has a central tooth with one basal cusp on each side. The distance between both cusps is approximately 10 m m. The basal tongue is slightly V-shaped. There is a long, blunt middle cusp and ® ve blunt, smaller denticles on each side, which decrease towards the edge. Female reproductiv e system (® gure 12 C, D, table 4). In general, the capsule gland constitutes more than half the pallial oviduct and the albumen gland is less developed. The epithelium of the capsule gland is slightly dark pigmented. The renal oviduct makes a 360 ss loop. The bursa copulatrix is pyriform, well developed and protrudes from the albumen gland. The bursal duct is medium-sized, wide and it is inserted in an anteroventral position. Male reproductive system (® gures 10 C, 12 A, B, table 4). The penis has a slightly wider base and is as long as the head. It is simple, narrow and occasionally has a double stripe of black spots in its central part. The penis tip is tapered and its narrow duct is straight but slightly undulates at its basis. One third of the prostate lies in the interior part of the pallial cavity and has, in its anterior part, a thin, black-spotted epithelium. Its length varies considerably among the males observed from the type locality. Remarks. Boetersiella davisi can be distinguished from B. sturmi in the following characters: the overall size is smaller although proportion between SL / SW remains similar in both species, it has a more marked pit-like protoconch microsculpture, the radular ribbon is shorter and narrower, the basal tongue of the central teeth of the radula tends to be V-shaped, the osphradium is signi ® catively smaller, the penis base is longer and the bursa copulatrix is larger and its duct shorter and wider than in B. sturmi. Habitat and distribution. This species was only found in two springs, situated close together. In the type locality it lives adhered to leaves, branches, mosses and arti ® cial substrata such as bricks or cement. Other species and genera found in the same place are: Ancylus sp., Lymnaea sp., Melanopsis sp., Theodoxus sp., Potamopyrgu s antipodarum (Gray, 1843), Neohoratia schuelei (Boeters 1981), Pseudamnicola sp. and Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855.	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
03E1475CC678FFB6FEBA0ACEF4CBFE64.taxon	materials_examined	Type species Chondrobasis levantina n. sp. Etymology The name Chondrobasis derive from the greek`chondros ’ and`basis ’, referring to the wart or excrescence in the penial base. Diagnosis Shell. Depressed trochiform or valvatiform. External surface of the protoconch wrinkled, with marked punctum-like sculpture. The teleoconch is smooth with ® ne growth lines. Frontal aperture roundish with a slightly thickened columellar border that leaves a very narrow umbilicus. Thin outer lip. The peristome is slightly oblique and adapically sinuate. Operculum. Corneus, thin, ovate, paucispiral with a submarginal nucleus. The internal callus is large and well developed. Nervous system. The supraoesophagea l connective is quite long while the suboesophageal one is very short (® gure 4 A). The pedal ganglia are linked to the cerebral and to the pleural ones by long connectives. The oesophagus runs straight along the cerebral ganglia. Radula. Typically taeniaglossan. Trapezoidal central teeth with lateral wings that have one basal cusp on each side arising from the lateral margins. The central tooth has a squared basal tongue as long as the lateral margins and a long, wide and blunted central cusp with several small denticles on each side; the excavation of this tooth is more than 50 % of tooth height. The upper border of the cutting edge of the central teeth is weakly excavated. The lateral tooth has a very long denticle (® gure 15 E) and a rectangular face. The cusps of the inner marginal teeth are uniformly distributed, larger than those of the outer marginal teeth and usually fused in groups (® gure 15 E, F). Non-genital anatomy. The ctenidium is totally absent (® gure 4 C). There is an osphradium of intermediate width located near the neck, very close to the inner border of the mantle cavity. Pallial tentacle absent. The cephalic tentacles are about eight times as long as wide, parallel-sided, and the distal end is not expanded. The eyelobe is weakly developed. The foot sole is unpigmented. The buccal mass is large relative to the snout. External caecum absent from the posterior chamber of the stomach which is slightly smaller than the anterior one (® gure 4 E). The stomach has a single opening to the lobed digestive gland, which extends from the posterior chamber of the stomach to the end of the body. The rectum loop in the pallial cavity is open, U-shaped and leans to the prostate or to the pallial gland (® gure 4 B). The anus is located very close to the anterior edge of the pallial cavity (® gure 3 A, B). The faecal pellets are oval and yellowish. The intestine forms a U-shaped loop adhered to the wall of the style sac, which slightly protrudes (® gure 4 E). The kidney is longitudinal and is located, between the prostate gland or pallial oviduct and the style sac, completely behind the pallial cavity (® gure 3 B). Female genital system. The ovary occupies more than 66 % of the visceral coil posterior to the stomach (® gure 3 B). It is a simple globular mass of vitellogenic oocytes, included in the ovarian follicles. The unpigmented renal oviduct generally forms an S-shaped loop, but sometimes it more closely resembles an open circular loop. The capsule gland constitutes approximately three-quarters of the pallial oviduct, leaving a small albumen gland. It is yellowish and frequently has black spots on its external epithelium. The bursa copulatrix clearly protrudes to the end of the pallial oviduct. It has no visible duct so the opening of the bursa is located close together to the anterior beginning of the renal oviduct. The RS 1 is absent and the RS 2 is pyriform-elongate d and always leans tightly on the oviduct but not over the bursa copulatrix. It is placed slightly posterior in the loop of the renal oviduct. Male genital system. The testis has simple, stalked lobes that occupy more than 66 % of the visceral coil which overlap anteriorly to the posterior chamber of the stomach (® gure 3 A). The anterior coils of the seminal vesicle also overlap the stomach and enter the prostate gland in its middle zone (® gure 4 D). The male genital ducts can be distinguished by the iridescent colour of the sperm. The large prostate gland extends to the pallial wall approximately one-half of its length and is typically bean-shaped (® gure 4 D). The pallial vas deferens exits near its anterior end. The penis is inserted in the middle right part of the head, behind the base of the right tentacle. It is unpigmented, cylindrical in transverse section, elongated and gradually tapered towards the tip. The slender distal part of the penis is markedly diOEerent in shape from the wider basal part. There is a small, non-glandular papilla located in the concave side of the penis base. The penis duct strongly coils at the base of the penis.	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
03E1475CC67AFFBCFF790D46F790FCA5.taxon	description	Synonymy	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
03E1475CC67AFFBCFF790D46F790FCA5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined HOLOTYPE. MNCN. 1505 / 33262 (gold-coated SEM mount) (® gure 13 A). PARATYPES. This species has been found in ® ve provinces from the east of Spain: CastelloÂn (Ca), Valencia (V), Alicante (A), Teruel (T) and Cuenca (C) as follows: San Miguel spring, Viver, CastelloÂn, UTM: 30 SVF 493951 7 March 1990, R. A., D. M. and J. M. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33262 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount), 29 September 1990, E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33280 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount), 7 June 1994, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33264 (ethyl alcohol material) 25 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33285 (ethyl alcohol, frozen material and gold-coated SEM mount). MZUF: 17998 (two paratypes), MNHN (two paratypes), SMF: 312503 (two paraypes) and NNM: 59381 (two paratypes). Ragudo spring, Viver, Ca (UTM: 30 SYK 03124 7) 7 June 1994, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33265 (ethyl alcohol material), 26 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33286 (ethyl alcohol material, frozen material and gold-coated SEM mount); Los Nogales spring, Benafer, Ca (Boeters, 1981: 56) (UTM: 30 SYK 07123 5) 29 September 1990, E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33279 (ethyl alcohol material), 7 June 1994, G. T, MNCN. 15.05 / 33267 (ethyl alcohol material), 26 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33288 (ethyl alcohol and frozen material); El Tober spring, Viver, Ca (UTM: 30 SYK 042 3) 24 June 1994, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33275 (ethyl alcohol material); Ojos del Prado, Viver, Ca (UTM: 30 SYK 0324) 26 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33287 (ethyl alcohol and frozen material); Fuente Bella, Jarafuel, V (UTM: 30 SXJ 6433) 13 June 1993, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33266 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount); Las Aguas, Ayora, V (UTM: 30 SXJ 67824 9) 20 May 1994, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33269 (ethyl alcohol material), 28 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33292 (ethyl alcohol and frozen material); Las Ventanas, Chelva, V (UTM: 30 SXK 710 1) 30 May 1992, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33272 (ethyl alcohol material); La Gitana spring, Chelva, V (UTM: 30 SXK 700 3) 30 May 1992, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33276 (dried and ethyl alcohol material); Butaya spring, Cofrentes, V (UTM: 30 SXJ 684 4) 13 June 1993, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33274 (ethyl alcohol material); Caroche spring, Teresa de Cofrentes, V (UTM: 30 SXJ 79929 5) 20 May 1994, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33278 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount), 28 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33291 (ethyl alcohol and frozen material); La Pica spring, VinÄuelas, V (UTM: 30 SXJ 715 5) 5 May 1994, E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33281 (ethyl alcohol material); Micarient spring, Montixelvo, V (UTM: 30 SYJ 310 7) 7 April 1994, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33277 (ethyl alcohol material); La Mina spring, Jarafuel, V (UTM: 30 SXJ 64534 1) 28 May 1998, B. A., MNCN. 15.05 / 33290 (ethyl alcohol and frozen material); Mijares river, Yatova, V (UTM: 30 SXY 785 9) 18 February 1990, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33271 (ethyl alcohol material); Amadoiro river (lotic), Relleu, Alicante (UTM: 30 SYH 3275) 1 April 1990, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33270 (ethyl alcohol material); Amadoiro river (lentic), Relleu, Alicante (UTM: 30 SYH 327 5) 1 April 1990, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33273 (ethyl alcohol material); spring in Arcos river, Arcos Salinas, T (UTM: 30 TXK 6226) 28 August 1993, G. T., MNCN. 15.05 / 33268 (ethyl alcohol material and gold-coated SEM mount); spring between Priego and Poyatos, Mountains of Cuenca, C (UTM: 30 TWK 7676) 1 October 1992, E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33282 (dried and ethyl alcohol material); spring near Escabas river, El Hosquillo (UTM: 30 TWK 85771 8) 2 September 1992, E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33283 (ethyl alcohol material); spring in Boniches, between CanÄete and Landete, C (UTM: 30 SXK 17527 3) E. R., MNCN. 15.05 / 33284 (ethyl alcohol material). Type locality. San Miguel spring, Viver, CastelloÂn, UTM: 30 SVF 493951. Etymology. The name`levantina ’ derive from`Levante’ which refers to the geographical area comprising the East of the Iberian Peninsula, where the species is distributed. Morphology Shell (® gures 13 A ± H, 14 A ± C, table 1). Shell with 3.125 ± 3.5 spire whorls. It is short and wide. The width of the protoconch is approximately 390 m m and it has a narrow nucleus that measures around 144 m m. The body whorl is very broad and occupies approximately six-sevenths of total shell length. The shell is yellowish and has, generally, whitish deposits. Operculum (® gure 14 D, E, table 2). Operculum colour can vary from pale yellowish (Viver type locality, VinÄuelas, Mijares), to light yellowish (Cuenca populations, Fuente Ragudo, Viver) and bright orange (Teresa de Cofrentes, Ayora, Benafer, etc.). External body features (® gure 16 A). The snout is darkly pigmented, but the rest of the head is grey. The central part corresponding to the buccal mass is less pigmented. On the contrary, the mantle epithelium is intensely black pigmented. The cephalic tentacles show a black median longitudinal streak and a totally unpigmented tip. In live specimens it is possible to distinguish some white iridescent granules around the eyes. Nervous system. The ganglia have black pigment on their outer surface. The RPG ratio is 0.34. Radula (® gure 15 A ± F, table 3). Radular ribbon narrow, measuring more than 557.5 m m approximately, with approximately 67 rows of teeth. The central cusp of the central tooth is long, tapered and ¯ anked by four to seven small but well-de ® ned lateral denticles on each side. This cusp clearly protrudes from the lateral denticles. The upper border of the central tooth is weakly excavated. The distance between the basal cusps of the central teeth is approximately 7 m m. Lateral teeth with a central cusp ¯ anked by four to six inner cusps on the left side and by four to seven on the right side. Inner marginal teeth with 29 ± 32 very regular cusps. In all the radulae studied these cusps were fused in groups, mainly in its basis. Female reproductive system (® gure 16 C, D, table 4). The pallial oviduct constitutes more than one-third of the pallial cavity. The capsule gland occupies more than half the pallial oviduct but, in some cases, we saw females with a very poorly developed capsule. The bursa copulatrix is pyriform-elongated, well developed and constitutes more than one-third of the length of the pallial oviduct. Its duct is very short or virtually non-existent. Exceptionally, in some females, the RS 2 is very small and is seen as a protuberance on the renal oviduct. Male reproductiv e system (® gures 14 F, 16 A, B, table 4). The penis is long (slightly longer than the head), needle-shaped, narrow and unpigmented. Its base is small and ends in a small papilla, sometimes very slightly developed. This papilla, when the penis is contracted, points to the mantle cavity. Our histological studies did not reveal any glandular tissues in this lobe. The penial duct strongly undulates in the penis basis. Almost half of the prostate is located inside the pallial cavity. Remarks. Although a high degree of resemblance seems to link these species, there are some relevant diOEerences between Ch. levantina and B. sturmi and B. davisi, which justify their separation in two diOEerent genera. Chondrobasis levantina has a more developed wrinkled protoconch microsculpture. Its shell shape is shorter and wider and the aperture is lower. Head pigmentation is lighter than in B. sturmi but more similar to that of B. davisi. The radula is narrower than in B. sturmi but wider than in B. davisi, the central denticle of the central teeth is longer and more tapered compared to that of both latter species. The upper border of the cutting edge is less excavated in Ch. levantina, being markedly U-shaped in the other two species. There are more inner marginal teeth cusps and they are often attached in pairs. As regards the male genital system, the penis base of Ch. levantina is longer and more slender and ends in a small papilla. In this species, the penial duct strongly undulates at the penis basis. The renal oviduct coils in a simple 360 ss loop in B. sturmi and B. davisi while it is usually S-shaped in Ch. levantina. The RS 2 is tightly pressed to the renal oviduct in Ch. levantina while in B. sturmi and B. davisi it leans over the bursa copulatrix. The bursa copulatrix is longer and pyriform in Ch. levantina instead of roundish as in B. sturmi, and its duct is also shorter or almost non-existent compared to Boetersiella species. In the study populations, the presence of a small RS 2 was related to a simple loop in the oviduct instead of an S-shaped twist as occurs in populations with a well-developed RS 2. However, the shape of the RS may vary within a species depending on the amount of sperm it contains (Hershler and Ponder, 1998). This suggests that the intraspeci ® c diOEerences described in Ch. levantina could be attributed to physiological diOEerences among populations. In fact, the rest of the anatomical features are identical in all the specimens. Habitat and distribution. This widely distributed species has been found in springs, irrigation ditches and living over the stones, sand, leaves and aquatic vegetation in the provinces of CastelloÂn, Valencia, Alicante, Teruel and Cuenca. Other freshwater molluscs living in sympatry are: Ancylus sp., Physa acuta (Draparnaud 1805), Lymnaea peregra (MuÈller, 1774), Lymnaea truncatula (MuÈller, 1774), Succinea sp., Theodoxus, sp., Melanopsis sp., Belgrandia marginata (Michaud, 1831), Bythinella batalleri Bo ® ll, 1925, Potamopyrgu s antipodarum (Gray, 1843), Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) spirata (Paladilhe, 1869), Neohoratia schuelei (Boeters, 1981), Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791) and Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855.	en	Arconada, B., Ramos, M. A. (2001): New data on Hydrobiidae systematics: two new genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Natural History 35 (7): 949-984, DOI: 10.1080/002229301300323884, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300323884
