taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E1506EFFC860303BA2DF11FA93FB9A.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 – 5)	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC860303BA2DF11FA93FB9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ owariensis ” refers to the old name of the western part of Aichi Prefecture (= Owari) where the new species occurs. Holotype. An adult male (specimen number: TMNH- AM- 78) from Tenpakucho Yagotourayama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan (35 ° 08 ’ N, 136 ° 58 ’ E; elevation = 50 m), collected by Takeshi Fujitani on 18 February 2020. This population is on private land; thus, we obtained permission from the landowner to collect the specimen. Paratypes. An adult female (specimen number: KPM-NFA 940) from the same locality of the holotype, collected by Takeshi Fujitani on 28 February. 2020. An adult male (specimen number: KPM-NFA 941) from Odakacho Takayama, Midori-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan (35 ° 03 ’ N, 136 ° 56 ’ E; elevation = 30 m), collected by Takeshi Fujitani on 4 March 2019. This population is also on private land; therefore, we again obtained permission from the landowner to collect specimens.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC860303BA2DF11FA93FB9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A comparatively large species (mean SVL = 60.6 mm in males and 59.1 mm in females) within the Japanese lentic Hynobius species: SVL usually> 56 mm in males; ratio of hindlimb length almost always <30 % SVL in males; distinct and bright yellow stripe on the ventral edge of tail always absent in males and almost always absent in females; distinct and bright yellow stripe on the dorsal edge of tail always absent in males; distinct black dots on the dorsum almost always absent in males; distinct white dots on the ventral and lateral sides of the body usually absent in males; DGM almost always present in malEs and nEvEr prEsEnt in fEmalEs; fifth toE of hindlimb always present; U-shaped or V-shaped vomerine teeth series; 13 (rarely 12 or 14) costal grooves; number of costal folds bEtwEEn adprEssEd limbs UsUally − 3.0 to − 1.5 in malEs and almost always − 4.0 to − 1.5 in fEmalEs.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC860303BA2DF11FA93FB9A.taxon	description	Description of holotype. A moderately large individual: HL slightly larger than HW; TAL shorter than SVL; body almost cylindrical; rounded snout; gular fold present; tail gradually compressed toward the tip; expanded cloaca; webbing between digits absent; four fingers on each forelimb, order of length II> III> IV> I on left and III> II> IV> I on right; fivE toEs on Each hindlimb, ordEr of length III> II> IV> I> V on left and III> IV> II> V> I on right; U-shaped vomerine teeth; skin smooth and shiny; DWDV and DWDL absent; DBDD absent; DBTYLD and DBTYLV absent; DGM present. The holotype had the following measurements (in mm): SVL = 58.2, TRL = 46.4, AGD = 32.4, HL = 12.5, TAL = 44.5, MTAW = 4.0, MTAH = 7.0, BTAW = 7.6, BTAH = 6.4, VTL = 2.4, VTW = 3.2, HW = 9.8, MXHW = 10.1, LFLL = 12.3, RFLL = 10.7, LHLL = 15.1, RHLL = 14.6, L 1 FL = 1.3, L 2 FL = 2.9, L 3 FL = 1.8, L 4 FL = 1.5, R 1 FL = 0.9, R 2 FL = 1.4, R 3 FL = 1.8, R 4 FL = 1.3, L 1 TL = 1.5, L 2 TL = 3.2, L 3 TL = 4.1, L 4 TL = 2.9, L 5 TL = 0.7, R 1 TL = 0.9, R 2 TL = 2.9, R 3 TL = 3.8, R 4 TL = 3.1, R 5 TL = 1.2, IND = 2.4, IOD = 3.7, LUEW = 1.5, RUEW = 1.1, SL = 3.9, LUEL = 2.4, RUEL = 2.6, LJL = 6.8, CGN = 13. Comparisons. The new species resembles H. vandenburghi in morphology but differs statistically from it in the following length measurements: SVL, RTRL, RAGD, RHL, RMTAH, RVTW, RHLL, R 3 TL, RUEW, RUEL, and RLJL in males and SVL and RVTL in females; the lengths of these measurements, except for SVL, RTRL, RAGD, RMTAH, and RVTW in males and SVL in fEmalEs, arE significantly shortEr in H. owariensis sp. nov. than in H. vandenburghi. In males, H. owariensis sp. nov. differs from H. vandenburghi by the following combination of characters: SVL> 56 mm (18 / 22 = 81.8 %) vs. SVL <56 mm (14 / 17 = 82.4 %); RHLL shorter than 30 % (20 / 22 = 90.9 %), vs. RHLL of 30 % or longer (14 / 17 = 82.4 %); UsUally havE CFBALN ≤ − 1.5 (19 / 22 = 86.4 %) vs. UsUally havE CFBALN ≥ − 1.0 (15 / 17 = 88.2 %); always lack DBTYLD and DBTYLV (22 / 22 = 100 %) vs. always have DBTYLD and DBTYLV (17 / 17 = 100 %). In females, H. owariensis sp. nov. almost always lacks DBTYLV (9 / 10 = 90 %), whereas H. vandenburghi always have DBTYLV (6 / 6 = 100 %). Variation. Morphometric measurements are presented in TablE 2 and thE significant valUEs of all mEasUrEmEnts between sexes are listed in Table 3. Males have relatively longer RFLL and R 2 FL than females, whereas males have relatively shorter RTRL, RAGD, RUEW, and RUEL than those of females. The skin markings of H. owariensis sp. nov. are listed in Table 4. The dorsum is uniformly yellowish-brown or darkish-brown. DBDD is rarely present in males (2 / 22 = 9.1 %) and sometimes present in females (3 / 10 = 30 %). The venter is lighter than the dorsum. DWDV is rarely present in males (4 / 22 = 18.2 %) and sometimes absent in females (4 / 10 = 40 %). DWDL is rarely present in males (3 / 22 = 13.6 %) and rarely present in females (3 / 10 = 30.0 %). In females, DBTYLD is sometimes present (5 / 10 = 50 %) and DBTYLV is rarely present (1 / 10 = 10 %). DGM is rarely absent in males (2 / 22 = 9.1 %). CGN is rarely 12 (2 / 22 = 9.1 %) or 14 (2 / 22 = 9.1 %) in males and rarely 14 in females (1 / 10 = 10.0 %). CFBALN is rarEly> − 1.5 in malEs (3 / 22 = 13.6 %) and rarEly> − 1.0 (1 / 10 = 10 %) in fEmalEs. ThE iris is dark brown. When preserved in 70 % ethanol, the dorsal coloration tends to fade to dark gray. The indistinct yellowish line on the dorsal and ventral sides of the tail (e. g.,	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC4603E3961DD66FBC9F894.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC4603E3961DD66FBC9F894.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. An adult male (specimen number: CAS 26714) from Nara, Yamato Province, Hondo, collected by Victor Kühne (an alias used by John Cheesman Thompson) (Beolens et al., 2011) in May 1907 (Dunn, 1923 a; Dunn, 1923 b). This specimen is stored in the California Academy of Sciences: 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California, 94118, United States.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC4603E3961DD66FBC9F894.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A comparatively small species (with a mean SVL of 53.8 mm in males and 54.3 mm in females) within the Japanese lentic salamander species complex of Hynobius: SVL usually <56 mm in males; the ratio of hindlimb lEngth UsUally ≥ 30 % SVL in malEs; distinct and bright yellow stripe on the dorsal and ventral edges of the tail always present in both sexes; distinct black dots on dorsum usually absent in both sexes; distinct gular mottling never present in females; fifth toe of hindlimb always present; V-shaped or U-shaped vomerine teeth series; 13 (rarely 12 or 14) costal grooves; the number of costal folds bEtwEEn adprEssEd limbs UsUally> − 1.5 in malEs and always <− 1.0 in fEmalEs.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC4603E3961DD66FBC9F894.taxon	description	Description of a specimen from the type locality (Topotype). An adult male (specimen number: KPM-NFA 942) from Nakamachi, Nara-shi, Nara Prefecture, Japan (34 ° 40 ’ N, 135 ° 43 ’ E; elevation = 230 m), collected by Shota Seguchi on 1 March 2020. This specimen was collected after obtaining collection permission from The Unit of Natural Environment, Division of Landscape and Natural Environment, Department of Water Cycle, Forest, and Landscape Environment, Nara Prefecture. A moderately large individual: HL larger than HW; TAL shorter than SVL; body almost cylindrical; rounded snout; gular fold present; tail gradually compressed toward the tip; slightly expanded cloaca; webbing between digits absEnt; foUr fingErs on Each forElimb, ordEr of lEngth II> III> IV> I on lEft and II> III> I> IV on right; fivE toEs on each hindlimb, order of length III> IV> II> I> V on left and III> II> IV> V> I on right; V-shaped vomerine teeth; skin smooth and shiny; DWDV and DWDL absent; DBDD absent; DBTYLD and DBTYLV present; DGM absent (but indistinct gular mottling present). This specimen had the following measurements (in mm): SVL = 54.5, TRL = 42.0, AGD = 29.1, HL = 12.7, TAL = 40.5, MTAW = 3.2, MTAH = 5.7, BTAW = 5.1, BTAH = 5.0, VTL = 2.7, VTW = 2.8, HW = 8.5, MXHW = 8.8, LFLL = 11.7, RFLL = 11.8, LHLL = 15.6, RHLL = 14.9, L 1 FL = 1.1, L 2 FL = 3.1, L 3 FL = 2.8, L 4 FL = 1.3, R 1 FL = 1.2, R 2 FL = 3.4, R 3 FL = 2.7, R 4 FL = 1.1, L 1 TL = 1.5, L 2 TL = 3.3, L 3 TL = 3.9, L 4 TL = 3.4, L 5 TL = 1.3, R 1 TL = 1.2, R 2 TL = 3.3, R 3 TL = 3.7, R 4 TL = 3.1, R 5 TL = 1.7, IND = 2.5, IOD = 3.3, LUEW = 1.5, RUEW = 1.4, SL = 3.6, LUEL = 2.5, RUEL = 2.4, LJL = 7.0, CGN = 13. Variation. Morphometric measurements are presented in TablE 2 and thE significant valUEs of all mEasUrEmEnts between sexes are listed in Table 3. Males have relatively longer RHW, RHLL, and R 2 FL than those of females, whereas males have relatively shorter RTRL and RAGD than those females. Skin markings are listed in Table 4. The dorsum is uniformly yellowish-brown or darkish-brown. DBDD are rarely present in males (2 / 17 = 11.8 %) and females (1 / 6 = 16.7 %). The venter is lighter than the dorsum. DWDV are often lacking in males (11 / 17 = 64.7 %) and sometimes present in females (3 / 6 = 50.0 %). DWDL are frequently lacking in males (11 / 17 = 64.7 %) and sometimes present in females (3 / 6 = 50.0 %). DGM sometimes lacking in males (10 / 17 = 58.8 %). CGN rarely 12 in males (3 / 17 = 17.6 %) and rarely 14 in females (1 / 6 = 16.7 %). CFBALN rarEly <− 1.0 in malEs (2 / 17 = 11.8 %) and sometimes> 2.0 in females (3 / 6 = 50 %). Iris is dark brown. When preserved in 70 % ethanol, dorsal coloration tends to fade to dark gray. DBTYLD and DBTYLV can be confirmEd aftEr prEsErvation.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC4603E3961DD66FBC9F894.taxon	distribution	Distribution. It is known from Tahara-shi (only former Tahara-cho and Atsumi-cho), Aichi Prefecture (Matsui et al., 2019), Gifu-shi (only former Gifu-shi), Seki-shi (only former Seki-shi), Kakamigahara-shi (only former Kakamigahara-shi), and Kaizu-shi (only former Nanno-cho), and Ibigawa-cho (only former Tanigumimura), Gifu Prefecture (Matsui et al., 2019; Sakai et al., 2019; Gifu High School, 2018), Nagahama-shi (only former Nagahama-shi, and Azai-cho and Kinomotocho), Maibara-shi (former Maibara, Omi-cho, and Santo-cho), Hikone-shi, Omihachiman-shi (only former Omihachiman-shi), Konan-shi (only former Kosei-cho), Higashiomi-shi (only former Yokaichi-shi and Gamo-cho), Koka-shi (only former Minakuchi-cho, Konan-cho, Kokacho, and Tsuchiyama-cho), Ritto-shi, Kusatsu-shi, Otsu-shi (only former Otsu-shi), Takashima-shi (only former Adogawa-cho, Shin-asahi-cho, Imazu-cho, and Makinocho), and Hino-cho and Ryuo-cho, Shiga Prefecture (Tago, 1931; Kokashi-Minakuchi-Kodomonomori-Shizenkan, 2013; Mito et al., 2018; Matsui et al., 2019), Kuwana-shi (only former Tado-cho), Inabe-shi (only former Inabe-cho), Suzuka-shi, Kameyama-shi (only former Kameyama-shi), Iga-shi (only former Ueno-shi), Tsu-shi (only former Tsu-shi and Hisai-shi, and Kawage-cho, Anocho, Hakusan-cho, and Ichishi-cho), Matsusaka-shi (only former Matsusaka-shi and Ureshino-cho), and Shima-shi (only former Ago-cho, Daio-cho, and Shima-cho), Mie Prefecture (Miyamoto, 2001; Shimizu, 2014; Matsui et al., 2019), Nara-shi (only former Nara-shi), Yamatokoriyamashi, and Ikoma-shi, and Oyodo-cho, Nara Prefecture (Matsui et al., 2019), Kyoto-shi (only former Kyoto-shi of Nishikyo-ku, Higashiyama-ku, and Fushimi-ku), Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyotanabe-shi, Kizugawa-shi (only former Kizu-cho and Kamo-cho), Uji-shi and Kameokashi, Oyamazaki-cho, Seika-cho, and Ujitawara-cho, and Minamiyamashiro-mura, Kyoto Prefecture (Tanabe & Matsui, 2002; Matsui et al., 2019), Toyonaka-shi, Mino-shi, Ibaraki-shi, Takatsuki-shi, Hirakata-shi, Katano-shi, Shijonawate-shi, Higashiosaka-shi, Tondabayashi-shi, Sakai-shi (only former Sakai-shi), Izumi-shi, and Hannan-shi, Osaka Prefecture (Osaka Prefecture, 1978; Matsui et al., 2019). Populations from Nantan-shi (only former Sonobe-cho) of Kyoto Prefecture (Tanabe & Matsui, 2002) are lacking DNA data. This population is adjacent to the distribution area of Hynobius setouchi, so there is a possibility that this is the H. setouchi population. DNA analyses including samples from this population are essential for deciding the distribution range of H. vandenburghi.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
03E1506EFFC4603E3961DD66FBC9F894.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We examined a male specimen (specimen number: TMNH-AM- 70) from Tahara-shi stored in the Toyohashi Museum of Natural History (1 - 238, Oiwacho Oana, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi Prefecture, 441 - 3147), but DBTYLD was not clear. The line of this specimen may have already faded; thus, the presence of DBTYLD still requires confirmation in several living individuals from the area after obtaining Hynobius vandenburghi collection permission from Tahara-shi. H. vandenburghi is also parapatrically distributed with H. setouchi, but it has no DBTYLD and DBTYLV.	en	Sugawara, Hirotaka, Fujitani, Takeshi, Seguchi, Shota, Sawahata, Takuo, Nagano, Masahiro (2022): Taxonomic Re-examination of the Yamato Salamander Hynobius vandenburghi: Description of a New Species from Central Honshu, Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13222897
