taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EE87B5F024FFD7FE5DFDDEB82EFAAF.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Microschismus Fletcher, 1909. Diagnosis: Size small to medium (11 – 23 mm). The forewings are split to the middle of the wing. The labial palpi are very long, 4 – 5 × as long as than the eye diameter. In the male genitalia, the uncus is usually wide, with the entire apex and the valves narrow, with appendages on the lower edge of the bottom or the middle part. The aedeagus is slightly curved, usually without cornuti. In the female genitalia, the vaginal plate has a characteristic oval cut, the bursa copulartrix has no signa and the ductus is short tubular. Remarks: The systematics of Alucitidae have not yet been investigated. There is no division into subfamilies. Many species are groundlessly placed in the same genus. For example, the genus Alucita L., 1758 includes 90 % of all species of the world many-plumed moths fauna, spread over all continents. There is no doubt that this classification does not give a true picture; it is obviously outdated and requires a thorough revision. At this stage we establish a new subfamily with characteristic differences from the Alucitinae, including the Palaearctic species of the genera Alucita and Pterotopteryx Hannemann, 1959. The other genera, recorded from the Australasian, Oriental and Neotropical regions, are not considered here and require thorough study. The main criteria for erecting the new subfamily are very long palpi, forewings split only to their midlength, the entire apex of the uncus, and the presence of the vaginal plate with a characteristic oval cut in the female genitalia.	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F024FFD5FE45FA1BB8B1F920.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 12	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F024FFD5FE45FA1BB8B1F920.taxon	description	Redescription: Male. External characteristics: Moths grey-brown. Median dark brown slanted stroke on forewing poorly developed or absent. Wingspan 13 – 21 mm. Antennae ciliated. Genitalia: Uncus wide along entire length, rounded at apex. Gnathos long and narrow, pointed towards apex. Valvae narrow, dangling towards apex. Appendage on valve short, located beyond its middle. Anellus branches quite long and straight. Outer edge of saccus rounded. Aedeagus concave on outer edge, apex slanted. Female. Unknown.	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F024FFD5FE45FA1BB8B1F920.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype antennatus: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Free State: nr Bothaville [27 ° 23 ' S: 26 ° 36 ' E], iv – vi. 1902, E. N. Bennett (OXUM, 1208). Holotype ctenias: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: Ngqeleni [31 ° 40 ' S: 29 ° 02 ' E], v. 1908, H. H. Swinny (TMSA, 2661). Holotype columella: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo: Haenertsburg [23 ° 57 ' S: 29 ° 57 ' E], 5. i. 1925, A. J. T. Janse (TMSA, 427). Holotype cato: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo: Mahuba’s Kloof [? 22 ° 59 ' S: 30 ° 06 ' E], 1050 m, 16. i. 1925, A. J. T. Janse (TMSA, 432). Remarks: During comparison of the type specimens it was revealed that M. ctenias, M. columella and M. cato are identical to M. antennatus in their external features, as well as in the genitalia. As a result we regard these names as synonyms.	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F021FFD3FE79FF6BBA59FEB0.taxon	description	Figs 13 – 16	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F021FFD3FE79FF6BBA59FEB0.taxon	description	Redescription: External characteristics: Wings light grey with contrasting white bands. Hindwings lighter than forewings, almost white from base to middle. Female larger and darker than male. Wingspan 20 – 25 mm. Antennae simple. Male genitalia: Uncus wide along entire length, with flat edge on apex. Gnathos long, narrow, pointed towards apex. Valves narrow and straight. Appendages on valves long, located at their bases. Anellus branches quite long and straight. Outer edge of saccus with cut in middle. Aedeagus flat on outer edge, apex slanted at an acute angle. Female genitalia: Anal papillae narrow. Front apophyses thick and wavy; rear apophyses thick, slightly shorter than front. Vaginal plate with deep oval cut. Antrum short tubular. Smooth transition from ductus to oval bursa copulatrix. Holotype: ♀ SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng: Pretoria [25 ° 44 ' S: 28 ° 11 ' E], 4. iv. 1914, A. J. T. Janse (TMSA, 431). Other material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Free State: 1 ♂ Sasolburg [26 ° 49 ' S: 27 ° 52 ' E], 27. ii. 1970, D. M. Kroon (TMSA).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F020FFD1FE42FEE7B91DFEC0.taxon	description	Figs 17 – 26	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F020FFD1FE42FEE7B91DFEC0.taxon	description	Redescription: External characteristics: Moths grey-brown. Median dark brown slanted stroke well defined. Wingspan 15 – 23 mm. Antennae ciliated. Male genitalia: Uncus wide along entire length, with flat edge on apex. Gnathos long and narrow, pointed towards apex. Valves quite narrow. Appendages on valves long, located at their bases. Anellus branches quite long and straight. Outer edge of saccus wide and rounded. Aedeagus quite wide, relatively flat on outer edge, apex slanted at acute angle. Female genitalia: Anal papillae narrow, elongated. Front apophyses thick and straight; equal in length to rear apophyses. Vaginal plate with deep oval cut. Antrum short tubular. Smooth transition from ductus to oval bursa copulatrix. Remarks: Comparing the types A. fortis and M. serricornis in their external features, as well as in the genitalia, it was revealed that the latter is a junior synonym of the first.	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F020FFD1FE42FEE7B91DFEC0.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype fortis: ♀ SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: “? Zululand, Col [onel]. Harvey Tower ” (BMNH, 6309). Syntypes serricornis: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng: Pretoria [25 ° 44 ' S: 28 ° 11 ' E], 1 & 4. iv. 1913, A. J. T. Janse (TMSA, 428, 429). Other material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: 1 ♂ Dragon Peaks Park [29 ° 01 ' S: 29 ° 26 ' E], 9 – 12. xi. 1993, Mey & Ebert (ZMHB).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F022FFDEFE12FE37B9F9FE4B.taxon	description	Figs 27, 28 Etymology: The species is named in honour of Jurgen Lenz, a German lepidopterist who lives and works in Zimbabwe, and actively collecting Alucitidae and Pterophoridae. Diagnosis: Externally, this new species is distinguished from all congeners by the dark (almost black) colour of the wings, and by the double pectinate antennae. In the male genitalia it is similar to M. antennatus in the shape of the saccus, gnathos and aedeagus, but can be easily distinguished by the shape of the anellus (its branches are widened towards the apex in the new species but are parallel-sided in M. antennatus) and the valves (supplementary appendages are developed at the very base in the new species, whereas they are situated above the base in M. antennatus). Description: Male. External characteristics: Head, thorax and tegulae dark grey, almost black. Labial palpi also dark, very long, more than 5 × as long as eye diameter. Antennae dark brown, double pectinate. Wingspan 12 – 17 mm (holotype, 17). Forewings dark brown, almost black. In distal part of wing all blades have a slanted, light grey, narrow band. Towards middle of wing, where splitting of blades ends, is a black contrasting band perpendicular to wing. Tops of all six blades of forewing terminated by distinct black spots. Hindwings plain, dark brown. Legs yellow. Male genitalia: Uncus wide, slightly widened and rounded at apex. Gnathos narrow, long, pointed towards apex. Valves narrow. Appendage on valve short, located basally. Anellus branches straight, markedly expanded at top. Outer edge of saccus rounded. Aedeagus concave on outer edge in central part, apex slanted at an acute angle. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ ZIMBABWE: Manicaland: Bvumbe, Seldomseen Holliday cottages, 19 ° 06 ' S: 32 ° 45 ' E, 1580 m, 12 – 14. iv. 2011. V. Kovtunovich & P. Ustjuzhanin (BMNH, 22929). Paratypes: ZIMBABWE: Manicaland: 12 ♂ same data as holotype (CUK, BMNH, TMSA); 1 ♂ Nyanga, Kwaraguza, 18 ° 13 ' S: 32 ° 50 ' E, 2170 m, 13. iv. 2011, J. Lenz (CUK).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F02DFFDFFE67FDB6B8E5FD6E.taxon	description	Figs 29 – 32	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F02DFFDFFE67FDB6B8E5FD6E.taxon	description	Redescription: External characteristics: Forewings brown, hindwings greyish brown. On fore- and hindwings, undermarginal bright band thin and winding. Outer band white, wide, located from second to fifth blade of forewings and on all blades of hindwings. Hindwings with middle thin, white, winding band. At cleft bases of both wings are dark dots bleached on the outside. Wingspan 16 – 21 mm. Antennae simple, cilia barely visible. Male genitalia: Uncus wide along entire length, pointed towards apex. Gnathos wide and flattened, rounded towards apex. Valves short and narrow. Appendages on valves short, located basally. Anellus branches straight, with distinct peaks. Outer edge of saccus with rounded apex. Aedeagus wide, slightly concave at outer edge, with cornutus at apex. Female genitalia: Anal papillae narrow, elongated. Front apophyses thick, straight. Rear apophyses thin, straight, a little shorter than front ones. Vaginal plate has deep oval cut. Antrum is short and wide. Ductus wide, with smooth transition to oval bursa copulatrix. Syntypes: SOUTH AFRICA: ♀ Northern Cape: Three Sisters [31 ° 53 ' S: 23 ° 05 ' E], 6. iii. 1911, A. J. T. Janse (TMSA, no. 4531); ♂ KwaZulu-Natal: Pinetown [29 ° 49 ' S: 30 ° 51 ' E], A. J. T. Janse ” (TMSA).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F02CFFDFFE03FD59B905F921.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From Latin regina (queen). Diagnosis. Externally, due to the light foreground of the wings, the new species is similar to M. sterkfonteini, but differs in the spotty colouring of the forewings and the absence of spots and bands on the hindwings, except for spots on the tops of the blades. In the male genitalia it is also similar to M. sterkfonteini, but can be easily distinguished by the presence of additional appendages at the bases of the valves, straight valves not pending to the apex and a differently shaped anellus. Description: Male. External characteristics: Head, thorax and tegulae white. Labial palpi white, brown only from the outside, 5 times as long as eye diameter. Antennae simple, light yellow. Wingspan 20 mm. Forewings white with dark brown spots. Costal edge of forewing with a series of dark brown spots, basal part distinctly brown. Tops of all six blades of forewing ended with distinct brown spots. Hindwings monochromatic white, with brown spot at top of each blade this spot elongated on sixth blade. Legs light yellow. Genitalia: Uncus wide oval with flat edge at apex. Gnathos narrow, long, pointed towards apex. Valves quite narrow, slightly widening to apex. Basal part of valve with long appendage, with small appendages below. Anellus branches of uniform width, quite long, slightly concave. Outer edge of saccus rounded. Aedeagus straight along outer margin, with distinct projection near apex. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo: Gladde Klipkop [Gladdeklipkop, 24 ° 09 ' S: 29 ° 29 ' E], 1 – 9. iii. 1954, A. J. T. Janse (TMSA, 16032). Paratypes: 2 ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo: Nylstroom, Abba Game Lodge, 24 ° 42 ' S: 28 ° 25 ' E, 1350 m, 16 – 17. iii. 1998, G. Bassi (CUK, 079, 080).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F02FFFDCFE7BFBECBA2CF923.taxon	description	Figs 35 – 37	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F02FFFDCFE7BFBECBA2CF923.taxon	description	Male. External characteristics: Moths brown. Undermarginal bright band on forewings thin, winding; outer band distinct, wide, white, widening towards wing base; inner band thin, whitish. Similar bands on hindwings less marked. Wingspan 11 – 13 mm. Antennae simple, with barely visible cilia. Genitalia: Uncus wide along entire length, rounded at apex. Gnathos narrow, long, pointed towards apex. Valves short and wide. Appendages at valves long, located in middle. Anellus branches quite short, strongly curved in middle part. Outer edge of saccus with cut. Aedeagus wide, concave at outer edge with well distinguished cornuti; apex is rounded. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo: Woodbush Village [? 23 ° 47 ' S: 30 ° 04 ' E], 13 xii. 1909, C. J. Swierstra (TMSA, no. 2662).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
03EE87B5F02EFFDAFE23FC01B820FA8C.taxon	description	Figs 38 – 40 Etymology: From the type locality, Sterkfontein Dam in the Free State Province. Diagnosis: Externally, due to the wing colour, the new species is slightly similar to M. cymatias, but differs markedly from the latter in the location of the bands, a lighter tone and the colour of the legs (the new species has pale yellow legs, M. cymatias has brown legs). In the male genitalia the shape of the valves, their appendages and the gnathos are similar to M. fortis, but M. sterkfonteini can be easily distinguished by the shape of the uncus, which has a flat apex, and the straight outer edge of the aedeagus. Description: External characters: Head, thorax and tegulae white. Labial palpi light grey at top, brown on sides, 4 times longer that eye diameter. Antennae light grey, weakly serrated. Wingspan 17 – 19 mm (holotype, 19). Forewings white with dark brown spots and bands. Costal edge of forewing has a series of dark brown spots of various shapes. One quarter of outer edge of wing is brown. In middle part of wing, closer to base, are oblique, indistinct brown stripes. Hindwings white with a mixture of brown. In middle of wing is a rather broad, light brown band. Legs pale, without pigmentation. Male genitalia: Uncus wide along entire length, with flat edge at apex. Gnathos narrow, long, pointed towards apex. Valves rather narrow, pendent towards apex. Appendage on valve short, located behind its midlength. Anellus branches quite long and straight, evenly expanding to apex. Outer edge of saccus rounded. Aedeagus flat at outer edge, apex slanted at an acute angle. Female genitalia: Anal papillae narrow, elongated. Front apophyses thick, slightly winding. Rear apophyses thick, rather long at bottom and near top. Vaginal plate has deep oval cut. Antrum short, tubular. Smooth transition from ductus to oval bursa copulatrix. Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Free State: 20 km S of Harrismith, Sterkfontein Dam, 28 ° 23 ' S: 29 ° 23 ' E, 1750 m, 11 – 12. i. 2011, V. Kovtunovich & P. Ustjuzhanin (BMNH, 22927). Paratypes: 16 ♂ 1 ♀ same data as holotype (CUK, BMNH, TMSA), 2 ♂ same data as holotype but 29 – 30. xii. 2007; 2 ♂ same data as holotype but 20. i. 2009 (CUK, BMNH, TMSA).	en	Ustjuzhanin, P., Kovtunovich, V. (2011): A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). African Invertebrates 52 (2): 557, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0215, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0215
